CN104871944B - A kind of method of soilless culture Chinese yam - Google Patents
A kind of method of soilless culture Chinese yam Download PDFInfo
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- CN104871944B CN104871944B CN201510210676.8A CN201510210676A CN104871944B CN 104871944 B CN104871944 B CN 104871944B CN 201510210676 A CN201510210676 A CN 201510210676A CN 104871944 B CN104871944 B CN 104871944B
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- chinese yam
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
Prepare the invention discloses a kind of method of soilless culture Chinese yam, including material, plant preceding preparation, Chinese yam field planting, built, field management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, harvest step.The matrix prepared using the sleeve pipe of customization, Chinese medicine dreg, is carefully managed after field planting, and regular dripping irrigation water, fertilizer, preventing and treating pest and disease damage of spraying insecticide can harvest Chinese yam before the Beginning of Winter.The Chinese yam planted using this method, yield is high, and individual plant Chinese yam yield is up to 1.96kg, and length, even thickness, rich in trace element, are of high nutritive value.Chinese yam dried food and nuts, in cylinder, bar is straight and upright, and smooth mellow and full, two is concordant；Inside and outside is uniformly white, and matter is solid, mealiness foot；It is lightly seasoned；Flawless, hollow, fried head；Moisture≤12%, ash content≤2%, extract is no less than 6.0%, and medical value is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of yam cultivation.Specifically, it is related to a kind of method of soilless culture Chinese yam, belongs to
Agricultural technology field.
Background technology
Chinese yam, is both edible good vegetable, is conventional medicinal material again.The Chinese yam of artificial growth, yellowish pink pure white, sweet powder foot,
Individual big matter is hard, how edible.Chinese yam is the root tuber of Dioscoreaceae plant Chinese yam, has effects that tonifying spleen nourishing the stomach, invigorates the lung and the kidney.It can use
In treat insufficiency of the spleen chronic diarrhea, chronic enteritis, deficiency syndrome of the lung cough and asthma, chronic gastritis, diabetes, seminal emission, the enuresis, with inferior disease.The traditional Chinese medical science thinks,
Chinese yam " in main wound qi-restoratives, except fever and chills perverse trend, tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi power, long muscle, long term usage normal hearing and eyesight ".Many classic medicine writings are all to mountain
Medicine has made very high evaluation.Among the people, Chinese yam is well-known excellent tonic product.It contains protein, carbohydrate, vitamin, fat
The compositions such as fat, choline, amylase, also containing the indispensable inorganic salts of the human bodies such as iodine, calcium, iron, phosphorus and trace element.
Cultivate the conventional method of Chinese yam, it is necessary to select that soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep, retain water and nutrients power is strong, aeration is good, row
Convenient sand is filled to plough deeply.After soil is ploughed deeply, it is formed cultivating ditch, base manure can be applied in cultivation ditch.Apply base manure,
Plant Chinese yam.Chinese yam is topdressed.Determine to topdress again with backsight plant strain growth situation.Need to deep-cut during harvest to dig.
Traditional yam planting method has the following disadvantages：1. pair soil requires higher, planting area is restricted, only
It is adapted to the fertile area plantation of soil property, being planted in salt-soda soil can not grow, so as to influence planting benefit.If the 2, soil is elastic not
First, plucked, causes the stem tuber appearance plucked of Chinese yam, uneven, influence Chinese yam yield.4. yam planting process
In, agricultural chemicals and the excessive of chemical fertilizer are used, and have impact on food security.5. tradition plantation Chinese yam, need to be dug during harvest wash in a pan depth 100cm with
On, and it is available without machinery, pole is taken manually.
The content of the invention
For problem above, the present invention provides a kind of method of soilless culture Chinese yam, realizes following goal of the invention：
1st, it is adapted to cultivate in various soils, is particularly suitable for cultivating in salt-soda soil.Break Chinese yam to want soil property and soil
Ask, expand cultivated area, add social benefit.
2nd, yield is improved, per per mu yield up to 8 tons.
3rd, Chinese yam quality is improved.Chinese yam even thickness, length is consistent, and product qualified rate reaches 100%；Rich in trace element,
It is of high nutritive value, it is in good taste；Chinese yam dried food and nuts, moisture≤12%, ash content≤2%, extract is no less than 6.0%, medical value
It is high.
4th, water-saving, province's fertilizer, reduce planting cost.
5th, it is easy to harvest, reduces manpower during harvest.
To solve problem above, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
Preparation, field management, pest control procedures before a kind of method of soilless culture Chinese yam, including plantation.
The following is the further transformation to above-mentioned technical proposal：
Preparation process is prepared including matrix before the plantation, and the formula of the matrix is Chinese herb residues, mushroom slag, clam shell, carbon
Change rice husk, the quality proportioning of fermentation assistant is 3：3：2：2：0.001.
The Chinese herb residues component is：The stem of noble dendrobium, Radix Codonopsis, Morinda officinalis, the fruit of Chinese wolfberry, calamine, castor bean, Myriogyne minuta, curcuma zedoary,
In mass ratio 1：1.2：1.1：1.6：2：3：1：Crushed after 1.4 mixing, the dregs of a decoction after lixiviating effective components, water content 75%-80%.
Preparation process is prepared including sleeve pipe before the plantation, and described sleeve pipe is that joint is the plastic bend tube that radian is 110 °,
Plastics used in sleeve pipe are the PVC material that card containing 3-5% praises stone composition.
Prepare to include sleeve pipe before the plantation to put, sleeve pipe tilts 17-20 ° with ground level when putting.
The field management includes seedling management step, and seed manure used is formulated as follows：
Potassium fulvate 20%
Urea 20%
Calcium superphosphate 15%
Ammonium nitrate phosphorus 15%
Chinese medicine extract 13%
Potassium chloride 10%
Citric acid 5%
Polyaminoacid 2%.
The field management also includes middle term management, and fertilizer used is formulated as follows：
Potassium fulvate 25%
Ammonium nitrate phosphorus 25%
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%
Calcium superphosphate 12%
Chinese medicine extract 12%
Chelated iron 6%
Ammonium sulfate 5%
Polyaminoacid 4%
Magnesium sulfate 1%.
The field management also includes vigorous period management, and fertilizer used is formulated as follows：
Potassium fulvate 30%
Ammonium nitrate phosphorus 20%
Chinese medicine extract 12%
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%
Calcium superphosphate 10%
Ammonium sulfate 6%
Chelated iron 4%
Polyaminoacid 4%
Manganese sulfate 2%
Boric acid 2%.
The pest control procedures, Chinese yam vines growth period needs every 7 days foliar sprays once；Spraying is selected：50%
500 times of liquid of carbendazim, 500 times of liquid of 75% Bravo, 600 times of liquid or 70% Mancozeb.
The Chinese yam produced using methods described, Chinese yam dried food and nuts moisture≤12%, ash content≤2%, extract is no less than
6.0%。
The present invention uses above technical scheme, compared with prior art, with advantages below：
1st, low is required to soil, soil property；Using implantation methods of the present invention, Chinese yam can be cultivated in various soil, can be with
Cultivated in salt-soda soil.
2nd, Chinese yam quality is good；Chinese yam even thickness, length is consistent, product qualified rate reaches 100%, it is to avoid traditional plantation
The Chinese yam thickness of method production is uneven, there is side fork.
3rd, it is of high nutritive value；Chinese yam is in good taste rich in trace element.
4th, medical value is high；Chinese yam dried food and nuts, extract is no less than 6.0%, moisture≤12%, ash content≤2%, in cylinder
Shape, bar is straight and upright, and smooth mellow and full, two is concordant；Inside and outside is uniformly white, and matter is solid, mealiness foot；It is lightly seasoned；Flawless, hollow,
Fried head.
5th, yield is high, and individual plant Chinese yam yield is up to 1.96kg, and per mu yield can reach 8 tons.
6th, sleeve pipe can be reused.
7th, water-saving, province's fertilizer, 60% is saved than conventional method.
8th, saving of labor, laborsaving, need to only take sleeve pipe apart during harvest, save manpower more than 90%.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is Chinese yam sleeve structure schematic diagram.
In figure：1- ports, 2- Chinese yam potato kinds, 3- joints, 4- clips, 5- sleeve pipes.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated below, it will be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein is only used
In the description and interpretation present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
1st, prepare before planting
（1）Consolidation
The yam planting phase is late March, and the salt-soda soil field scarifying of Chinese yam will be planted before plantation, rakes, repaiies furrow, furrow are wide
Apart from 0.15m between 3m, furrow.
（2）It is prepared by sleeve pipe
Sleeve pipe includes straight tube and joint；Joint is the plastic bend tube of about 110 ° of radian, and one end can be socketed with straight tube, the other end
For open port；Straight tube is put together by two panels plastics, while being connection status, while being open state, length of straight pipe is
1.2m, cross section is ellipse, a diameter of：6cm×7cm；Equipped with 2 clips on straight tube；Clip is used to straight tube opening edge add
Tightly.
Plastics used in sleeve pipe are the PVC material of containing 3-5% card song stone composition, and this sleeve pipe can be effectively in adsorbing base
Nutriment, reduces loss of the nutritional ingredient in dripping irrigation water, fertilizer.
（3）It is prepared by matrix
Matrix is by Chinese herb residues, mushroom slag, clam shell, carbonization rice husk, fermentation assistant with mass ratio 3：3：2：2：0.001 ratio
Well mixed after fermentation is formed, and fermentation time is 35-40 days, and the matrix fermented is dried to half-dried, you can used；
Chinese herb residues component therein is：The stem of noble dendrobium, Radix Codonopsis, Morinda officinalis, the fruit of Chinese wolfberry, calamine, castor bean, Myriogyne minuta, cowherb
Art, in mass ratio 1：1.2：1.1：1.6：2：3：1：Crushed after 1.4 mixing, the dregs of a decoction after lixiviating effective components, water content 75%-
80%；Chinese medicine extract is retained, and prepares fertilizer during field management；
Fermentation assistant therein is saccharomycete, special-shaped lactic acid bacteria, propionibacterium freudenreichii and compound cellulose catabolic enzyme with matter
Amount compares 3：3：2：The composite fermentation microbial inoculum that 1 ratio is mixed；
The main physical indexes of the matrix dried are unit weight 0.6g/cm3, overall porosity 67%, breathe freely hole 16%, water holding
Space 56%；The matrix is containing abundant potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus macroelement and iron, zinc, boron, molybdenum, selenium, copper, iodine, fluorine, metasilicic acid
Deng trace element, Chinese yam growth can be promoted healthy and strong, enhancing disease resistance ability and drought-resistant ability.
（4）Matrix is filled
By step（3）The matrix prepared uniformly fills up each sleeve pipe；Install after matrix, stepped up with clip, and be socketed
Good joint.
（5）Sleeve pipe is put
By step（4）In populated matrix sleeve pipe uniform discharge in furrow, symmetrical two row, joint one end court are arranged per furrow
To centre, two row spacing 0.8m, the sleeve pipe often arranged is arranged in parallel, can close-packed arrays or reservation appropriate gap, sleeve pipe and ground level
17-20 ° of discharge is tilted, upward, port plane is equal with ground for splice port；Ten thousand/hm of about exclusion sleeve 5-62；Above sleeve pipe
It is smooth with soil covering, it is careful not to cover sleeve port.
2nd, Chinese yam is colonized
Chinese yam potato kind is placed on casing joint open port, then, potato kind, sterile soil water content 70- are covered with sterile soil
80%；
Black plastic mulch film is used, covering has been colonized the field of Chinese yam；Black mulch film can absorb the heat of sunshine on daytime, rise
To the effect of night insulation, so as to reduce the temperature difference, the Chinese yam speed of growth is improved；Meanwhile, the earth's surface covered does not have illumination, weeds
Growth is difficult, pest and disease damage is decreased.
Above mulch film, suitable water-fertilizer integral drip irrigation equipment is chosen in laying from the market；Main is laid on furrow head, drop
Fill pipe and push down mulch film；Drip irrigation mouthful is directed at each sleeve port, penetrates the mulch film between drip irrigation mouthful and sleeve port, water when making drip irrigation
Fertilizer can be smoothly entered in sleeve pipe.
After field planting, water for the first time, drip irrigation 2 hours.
During drip irrigation, it is 0.04-0.06MPa that should control mains pressure, the water flow of each water dropping openings should 2~3 liters/it is small
When between.
3rd, built
After plantation, " people " cabinet frame, the high 1m of frame or so are taken above plantation point.
4th, field management
（1）Seedling management
Grown rapidly after Chinese yam field planting, seedling stage waters, need every 3 days drip irrigations once, each drip irrigation 2 hours；Seedling stage topdresses, and needs
Every 9 days drip irrigations are once；When topdressing, by 150kg/hm2Seed manure is dissolved in water completely, is filled with water droplet；Seed manure used, formula
It is as follows：
Potassium fulvate 20%
Urea 20%
Calcium superphosphate 15%
Ammonium nitrate phosphorus 15%
Chinese medicine extract 13%
Potassium chloride 10%
Citric acid 5%
Polyaminoacid 2%
During drip irrigation, it is 0.04-0.06MPa that should control mains pressure, the water flow of each water dropping openings should 2~3 liters/it is small
When between.
（2）Middle term management
Chinese yam growth medium, emerges 30 days or so, into growth medium；Mid-term is watered, and needs every 3 days drip irrigations once, every time
Drip irrigation 4 hours；Mid-term is topdressed, and needs every 6 days drip irrigations once；When topdressing, by 300kg/hm2Seed manure is dissolved in water completely, with water
Drip irrigation；Fertilizer used, is formulated as follows：
Potassium fulvate 25%
Ammonium nitrate phosphorus 25%
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%
Calcium superphosphate 12%
Chinese medicine extract 12%
Chelated iron 6%
Ammonium sulfate 5%
Polyaminoacid 4%
Magnesium sulfate 1%
During drip irrigation, it is 0.04-0.06MPa that should control mains pressure, the water flow of each water dropping openings should 2~3 liters/it is small
When between.
（3）Vigorous period management
Chinese yam enters growth animated period after buddingging, now water, and needs every 3 days drip irrigations once, each drip irrigation 5 hours；It is vigorous
Phase topdresses, and needs every 6 days drip irrigations once；When topdressing, by 600kg/hm2Fertilizer is dissolved in water completely, is filled with water droplet；It is used
Fertilizer, is formulated as follows：
Potassium fulvate 30%
Ammonium nitrate phosphorus 20%
Chinese medicine extract 12%
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%
Calcium superphosphate 10%
Ammonium sulfate 6%
Chelated iron 4%
Polyaminoacid 4%
Manganese sulfate 2%
Boric acid 2%.
During drip irrigation, it is 0.04-0.06MPa that should control mains pressure, the water flow of each water dropping openings should 2~3 liters/it is small
When between.
In above-mentioned fertilizer formula, Chinese medicine extract used is to prepare before step a kind is planted（3）Retained in matrix preparation process
Extracts of Chinese herbal medicine.
In addition to watering, topdressing in time, Chinese yam growth period should wipe out side shoot in time, extract Chinese yam beans, every plant of plant
Retain 4-5 root side shoots.
5th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Chinese yam vines growth period, it is easy to obtain leaf spot and anthracnose；Need every 7 days foliar sprays once；Spraying is selected：
50% 500 times of carbendazim liquid, 500 times of liquid of 75% Bravo, 600 times of liquid or 70% Mancozeb.
Without using underground insecticide.
6th, harvest
The middle ten days and the last ten days in October, which starts to harvest before harvest, the Beginning of Winter, to be finished；During harvest, the soil above mulch film and sleeve pipe is removed, along root
Dig out sleeve pipe；Joint is taken, clip is opened, you can take out Chinese yam.Sleeve pipe is repeatable to be utilized.
The Chinese yam planted using this method, yield is high, and individual plant Chinese yam yield is up to 1.96kg, and length, even thickness are rich in
Trace element, is of high nutritive value.Chinese yam dried food and nuts, in cylinder, bar is straight and upright, and smooth mellow and full, two is concordant；Inside and outside is uniformly white
Color, matter is solid, mealiness foot；It is lightly seasoned；Flawless, hollow, fried head；Moisture≤12%, ash content≤2%, extract is no less than
6.0%, medical value is high.
Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in previous embodiment, within the spirit and principles of the invention, that is made is any
Modification, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method of soilless culture Chinese yam, it is characterised in that：Including preparation, field management, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control step before plantation
Suddenly；
Preparation process is prepared including matrix before the plantation, and the formula of the matrix is Chinese herb residues, mushroom slag, clam shell, carbonization rice
Shell, the quality proportioning of fermentation assistant are 3：3：2：2：0.001；
The Chinese herb residues component is：The stem of noble dendrobium, Radix Codonopsis, Morinda officinalis, the fruit of Chinese wolfberry, calamine, castor bean, Myriogyne minuta, curcuma zedoary, by matter
Amount compares 1：1.2：1.1：1.6：2：3：1：Crushed after 1.4 mixing, the dregs of a decoction after lixiviating effective components, water content 75%-80%；
Fermentation assistant is saccharomycete, special-shaped lactic acid bacteria, propionibacterium freudenreichii and compound cellulose catabolic enzyme with mass ratio 3：3：2：1
The composite fermentation microbial inoculum that mixes of ratio；
The main physical indexes of matrix are unit weight 0.6g/cm3, overall porosity 67%, breathe freely hole 16%, water holding space 56%；
Preparation process is prepared including sleeve pipe before the plantation, and described sleeve pipe is the plastic bend tube that joint radian is 110 °, sleeve pipe institute
It is the PVC material that card containing 3-5% praises stone composition with plastics；
The field management includes seedling management step, and seed manure used is formulated as follows：
Potassium fulvate 20%
Urea 20%
Calcium superphosphate 15%
Ammonium nitrate phosphorus 15%
Chinese medicine extract 13%
Potassium chloride 10%
Citric acid 5%
Polyaminoacid 2%；
The field management also includes middle term management, and fertilizer used is formulated as follows：
Potassium fulvate 25%
Ammonium nitrate phosphorus 25%
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%
Calcium superphosphate 12%
Chinese medicine extract 12%
Chelated iron 6%
Ammonium sulfate 5%
Polyaminoacid 4%
Magnesium sulfate 1%；
The field management also includes vigorous period management, and fertilizer used is formulated as follows：
Potassium fulvate 30%
Ammonium nitrate phosphorus 20%
Chinese medicine extract 12%
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%
Calcium superphosphate 10%
Ammonium sulfate 6%
Chelated iron 4%
Polyaminoacid 4%
Manganese sulfate 2%
Boric acid 2%；
Prepare to include sleeve pipe before the plantation to put, sleeve pipe tilts 17-20 ° with ground level when putting；
The pest control procedures, Chinese yam vines growth period needs every 7 days foliar sprays once；Spraying is selected：Bacterium more than 50%
Clever 500 times of liquid, 500 times of liquid of 75% Bravo, 600 times of liquid or 70% Mancozeb；
The Chinese yam produced using methods described, Chinese yam dried food and nuts moisture≤12%, ash content≤2%, extract is no less than 6.0%.
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| CN105993477A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-10-12 | 田东县浙缘农业科技有限公司 | Interplanting method for zedoary and corn |
| CN106187610A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-07 | 清流县丰农粮油农民专业合作社 | Rhizomadioscoreae dedicated fertilizer |
| CN106613135A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-05-10 | 广西大学 | High-yield planting method for Chinese yam |
| CN108558557A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-09-21 | 山东胜伟农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Chinese yam fertilizer and preparation method thereof for salt-soda soil |
| CN112840934B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-10-11 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Under-forest low-interference planting method suitable for root-use plants |
| CN112602578A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-04-06 | 安顺富源特色农产品有限公司 | Soilless culture method of Chinese yam |
| CN114698518A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-07-05 | 广东心耕生态环境工程有限公司 | Method for cultivating Chinese yam by using Chinese herbal medicines |
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