CN104854354A - 将零件相互连接的方法 - Google Patents

将零件相互连接的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104854354A
CN104854354A CN201380058993.1A CN201380058993A CN104854354A CN 104854354 A CN104854354 A CN 104854354A CN 201380058993 A CN201380058993 A CN 201380058993A CN 104854354 A CN104854354 A CN 104854354A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
thermoplastic material
opening
cavity
energy
aforementioned
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN201380058993.1A
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English (en)
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CN104854354B (zh
Inventor
J·迈尔
M·莱曼
A·温格
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Woodwelding AG
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Woodwelding AG
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Publication date
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Priority to CN201810059777.3A priority Critical patent/CN108105223B/zh
Publication of CN104854354A publication Critical patent/CN104854354A/zh
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Publication of CN104854354B publication Critical patent/CN104854354B/zh
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B3/00—Key-type connections; Keys
    • F16B3/005—Key-type connections; Keys the key being formed by solidification of injected material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B3/00—Key-type connections; Keys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/603—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined the rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/603—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined the rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • B29C65/604—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined the rivets being pushed in blind holes in both parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/84—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by moulding material on preformed parts to be joined
    • B29C70/845—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by moulding material on preformed parts to be joined by moulding material on a relative small portion of the preformed parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C2043/3205—Particular pressure exerting means for making definite articles
    • B29C2043/3266—Particular pressure exerting means for making definite articles vibrating tool means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/18—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/304—Joining through openings in an intermediate part of the article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/342—Preventing air-inclusions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B29C66/81429—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
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Abstract

本发明提供一种将零件(1、2)进行连接的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：提供第一零件(1)，该第一零件包括开口(1.1)；提供第二零件(2)，该第二零件包含处于固态的热塑性材料；使第一零件(1)和第二零件(2)相对于彼此进行布置，使得第二零件(2)进入所述开口(1.1)，同时限定具有侧凹(1.2)的容积；使机械压力和机械能作用于第二零件(2)，直到该热塑性材料的至少一部分液化并填充该空腔(1.2)；以及使该热塑性材料再凝固，由此将第二零件(2)固定在第一零件(1)内。

Description

将零件相互连接的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及机械工程和结构领域，尤其是机械结构如汽车工程、飞行器结构、造船、机器建造、玩具结构等。
背景技术
在工程和结构中，仍有对零件相互固定的改进余地。例如在汽车、飞行器、造船和机器建造业中，通过不同技术制造的金属零件或陶瓷零件须被连接在一起。例如在汽车业中，梁和压力模铸件的空间框架连接对于汽车车架稳定性是至关重要的。
已知的连接件是螺栓、螺钉和铆钉。这些是良好确定的。但在连接零件中例如由螺纹连接所引起的应力相当大。在生产的物品(例如汽车或飞行器)被使用时，振动引起的连接松脱也可能构成潜在问题。最后，组装时间是要最小化制造成本时的一个问题。
因此，需要用于将零件相对固定在一起的改进方法和改进装置。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种将零件相互连接的方法，该方法克服了现有技术方法的缺点。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种将零件相互连接的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
-提供第一零件，该第一零件包括开口；
-提供第二零件，该第二零件包括处于固态的热塑性材料；
-使第一零件和第二零件相对于彼此进行布置，使得第二零件进入所述开口，同时限定具有侧凹的空腔和明确限定的空腔容积；
-使能量作用于第二零件，直到使该热塑性材料的至少一部分液化并填充该空腔；和
-使该热塑性材料再凝固，由此将第二零件锚固在第一零件内。
该空腔具有明确限定的容积的事实例如意味着空腔壁界定了该容积并且无法被热塑性材料透过，即使在处于静液压情况下。这尤其排除了该空腔壁是由开孔型(敞开多孔)材料构成的或由静液压产生微孔的材料构成。但它没有排除该空腔由可由使用者调节的机构如移动活塞来界定的可能性。
于是在该加工过程中，该空腔例如被热塑性材料完全填充。该空腔于是具有模塑模的作用。这允许使用限定的聚合物体积和可能限定的固结条件。
该空腔可以通过以下一种方式或其组合来形成：
-开口是具有侧凹如扩宽部的盲孔，该扩宽部由围绕部和/或多个径向结构构成，于是该空腔由该孔的至少一部分形成；
-开口是通孔，其从近侧看时形成侧凹并且在远端通过另一个零件如辅助件封闭，这样的辅助件可以是为了模塑过程被临时固定至第一零件的，例如通过传统的连接件；
-在第一零件和要与第一零件进行组装的第三零件之间形成空腔，其中第一零件中的开口形成空腔的一部分。
最初被耦合输入固态而尚未液化的第二零件中的能量可以是机械能。例如该机械能可以是机械振动能，尤其是超声振动能。
为了随后的液化，除例如机械能之外，也可以使机械压力作用于第二零件，以便例如将第二零件压到第一零件的表面部分上，并且例如此时能量作用于第二零件。
于是，在一个例子中，使能量作用于第二零件直到使该热塑性材料的至少一部分液化并填充该空腔的步骤包括：使机械压力和机械能作用于第二零件，直到使该热塑性材料的至少一部分液化并填充该空腔。
作为替代方式，能量可以是辐射能，其例如被耦合入第二零件，因此第二零件至少部分是透明的。第二零件和/或第一零件和/或与该第二零件接触的组件中的另一个零件于是包括吸收辐射并将辐射转化成热的部分。尤其是在一个实施例中，辐射如激光射线被耦合入第二零件并且经第二零件传播至与第一零件的接合界面，在这里辐射在第一零件的表面上被吸收。通过由此在第一零件表面上产生的热，第二零件在接触受热表面的地方被熔化；执行此过程，直到由第二零件的熔融材料填充该空腔。
作为又一个替代方式，能量可以是通过热传导供应的热或例如通过在第二零件或第一零件或该组件中的另一个零件中产生的电流来供应的热。
组合方式也是可行的。
第二零件可以被构造成能够将另一个零件连接至第一零件。例如，第二零件可以包括可将另一个零件夹紧至第一零件的螺钉状头部。此外或作为替代，它可以包括由以下材料构成的芯，该材料在足以使热塑性材料液化的条件下不液化(该芯材例如可以是金属的、陶瓷的或者纤维显著增强型复合材料的)并且该另一个零件可以例如按照传统方式通过螺纹连接或其它传统机械连接或也按照本发明被连接至该芯。
第一零件例如可以是金属的或有可能是陶瓷的或硬塑料的；不排除其它材料。尤其是第一零件可以是例如铝或镁的压铸金属件。其中带有侧凹的开口可以被视作该热塑性材料的模塑模。相比于传统的模制方法，热塑性材料首先以固态被插入并通过能量如机械能被当场液化。
该工艺过程构成主要成形过程，但相比于现有技术的模制工艺，仅较少材料被转换成液态，因此不需要挤出机、喷嘴等。这使得其也可与高度填充型热塑性材料一起使用。作为超越现有技术的成形方法如注塑的另一优点，不是只可得到一个接近口(或很少的接近口)，而是因为只需在第二零件被安放之后供应能量，故可以从许多不同的位置或方向来接近。
具有侧凹的开口可以被视为用作一种键孔，其中键通过该工艺被现场浇注入键孔中。在这里，形状可以锁定一个自由度(例如防拔出)或者多达全部自由度。
在一些实施例中，使液化后的热塑性材料处于静液压下，尤其是相应地在与限定该容积的第一零件和/或其它零件的界面处。冷却过程中的静液压分布允许控制液化零件的固结状况并由此补偿热缩或抑制在冷却熔体中形成孔。
相比于通过可液化材料在例如多孔元件中的锚固，在本发明方案中的空腔由第一零件和可能其它零件来限定。换句话说，提供了针对浇注而限定的模具容积，该限定的容积利用如此安放的固态的第二零件的液化来填充，即第二零件在仍处于固态的情况下进入该开口且使用能量将第二零件至少部分液化。这允许在模塑过程中对材料流动的完全控制：最终被填充的容积是可完全预测的。
该空腔限定出宏观预定侧凹。该侧凹尤其可以由第一零件和/或可能其它零件在其制造过程中可成形/铸成的形状来限定。
在所有实施例中，可选地，热塑性材料体积(和第二零件的可能其它元件如硬芯)可与空腔容积相适应，从而没有多余材料并且准确填充该容积。
在一些实施例中，该开口包括竖井部(或管道部)和在其远侧的至少一个扩宽部。竖井部可以沿一轴线具有恒定的横截面，该横截面几乎是可任意选择的，例如圆形、长方形、三角形、T形、双T形、椭圆形等。扩宽部具有不同的横截面，在至少一个方向上的径向延伸尺寸大于该竖井部的横截面以形成该侧凹。尤其是该扩宽部的横截面积可以大于该竖井部的横截面积(尤其在垂直于作为插入轴线的该轴线截取的横截面中)。
第二零件可以具有对应于该竖井部横截面的横截面。例如第二零件可以包括其形状大致匹配于开口竖井部的部分。
在一组实施例中，第二零件具有由以下材料构成的芯，该材料在工艺过程中存在的条件下不会液化(并且尤其例如在低于450℃或350℃或低于250℃的温度下不会液化)，第二零件还具有围绕该芯的热塑性材料。在这些实施例中，热塑性材料的布置和在模塑过程中的条件可以被选择成在工艺过程之后在芯和第一零件之间没有直接物理接触。该热塑性材料在该芯和第一零件之间形成阻隔层。该阻隔层所具有可能的优点是具有关于该芯或第一零件分别对作用于第一零件或芯的任何机械冲击和/或振动进行减震的能力。另外，该阻隔层可以用作防腐隔层。
除了阻尼之外，该热塑性材料也保证了在该连接受到机械载荷情况下的应力均匀分布。应力计算表明，相比于传统的螺钉，作用于第二材料的应力和进而第二材料的应变可以通过使用覆有热塑性材料的芯被减少75％至90％。
在这些实施例中，该芯可以具有其形状对应于竖井部横截面但较小的横截面。
第二零件可以包括多个芯而不是仅包括一个芯。
根据一些实施例，可以按照机械振动尤其是超声振动的形式供应能量。
这样的振动可以从近侧被耦合入第二零件。为此，第二零件的近侧可以包括耦合输入面，例如平面或以其它方式与具有远侧表面的工具(超声焊头)形状相适应的表面，振动经该远侧表面被耦合入第二零件。在具有包括芯的第二零件的一些实施例中，该芯可以形成耦合输入面，即在近侧该芯未覆有热塑性材料。在其它实施例中，该芯可被完全、即在所有表面上覆有热塑性材料。
其它形式的能量也可以从近侧被耦合入第二零件。尤其是在这样的实施例中，即，该空腔可以由这样的开口形成，该开口为盲孔或者可以从近侧进入但远侧被另一个零件封闭。
或者，可以通过第一零件和/或要与第一零件组装在一起的第三零件将振动间接地耦合入第二零件。这尤其适用于该空腔在第一零件和第三零件之间形成的实施例。
适用于根据本发明多个方案的装置和方法的机械振动或振荡最好具有在2至200kHz之间(更优选地是在10至100kHz之间，或者在20至40kHz之间)的频率和在0.2至20W每平方毫米有效面积之间的振动能。振动件(工具如超声焊头)例如被设计成其接触面主要在元件轴线方向上振动(纵向振动)，其振幅在1至100μm、优选为约10至30μm之间。回转振动或径向振动也是可行的。
对于装置的具体实施例，也可以采用旋转运动来代替机械振动以产生使该锚固材料液化所需要的摩擦热。这样的旋转运动优选地具有在10000至100000rpm范围内的速度。
通过机械能如振动使热塑性材料液化的事实带来以下好处，该工艺过程有可能很快速。试验表明，在上述条件下，针对模塑过程可能短到约1秒的时间就足够。
在本文中，表述“例如通过机械振动能使热塑性材料可流动”或者简言之“可液化的热塑性材料”或“可液化材料”或“热塑性”被用于描述这样的材料，其包含至少一种热塑性成分，该材料在受热、尤其是摩擦受热时(即当布置在一对相互接触的表面(接触面)之一上且以振动或回转方式被彼此相对移动时)变为液体(可流动)，其中，振动频率在2kHz至200kHz之间且优选在20至40kHz之间，振幅在1μm至100μm之间且优选在约10μm至30μm之间。这样的振动例如通过如超声波装置、例如已知的超声焊接来产生。通常，该材料的弹性系数大于0.5GPa是有利的，尤其是在采用不可液化的芯的时候。
具体的材料实施例是：聚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰胺如聚酰胺12、聚酰胺11、聚酰胺6或聚酰胺66、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚甲醛或聚碳酸酯聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯或聚酯碳酸酯或还有丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈(ASA)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯或其共聚物或混合物。
除了热塑性聚合物外，热塑性材料也可以包含适当的填料例如加强纤维如玻璃纤维和/或碳纤维。该纤维可以是短纤维、长纤维或连续纤维。
纤维材料(如果有)可以是任何已知用于纤维加强的材料，尤其是碳、玻璃、凯夫拉、陶瓷材料如莫来石、碳化硅或氮化硅、高强度聚乙烯(Dyneema)等等。
不具有纤维形状的其它填料也是可行的，例如粉末颗粒。
尤其是，相比于现有技术的模制方法如注塑，根据本发明方案的方法尤其适用于高度填充热塑性塑料的使用，其填充度例如甚至大于30％至达到55％(对于在挤出机中生产的材料)，或者甚至达到60％或达到65％(由拉挤成型生产的热塑性材料)。通常，填充率可以在0％和65％之间。本段中的所有百分比是体积百分比值。
根据一个作为具有芯的实施例的替代方式的实施例，第二零件可以由热塑性材料、纯聚合物或带有填料的聚合物构成。
尤其在热塑性材料是带有填料的聚合物如纤维加强型塑料的实施例中(但不限于这些实施例)，在使热塑性材料液化的步骤之后可以有固结步骤。为此，在能量源关停之后作用于第二零件的压力继续保持并且热塑性材料再凝固开始。因为清楚限定的容积，故压力可以一直保持，并且该压力可用于防止在模塑之后由纤维填料的固有刚性(和/或收缩过程等)引起的变形。
附图说明
以下参照附图来描述实施本发明的方式和实施例。附图是示意性的。在附图中，相同的附图标记表示相同的或相似的元件，附图所示为：
图1-10b示出了根据本发明方法的实施例形成的连接的实施例；
图11a-18b示出了开口的形状；
图19、20和21示出了根据本发明实施例的方法所形成的连接的其它实施例；
图22a-22c示出了可用于制造第一零件用的压铸工艺的可行工具。
具体实施方式
图1a示出了具有第一零件的基本配置结构，该第一零件包括具有竖井部1.1和限定出侧凹的扩宽部1.2的开口。在所示配置结构中的第二零件2由热塑性材料构成。第二零件具有杆部2.1和带有引导凹口2.5的近侧头部2.4。超声焊头(或超声焊极)6的形状与该头部的形状相匹配。待连接至第一零件1的另一个零件11如图所示具有通孔。
初始头部2.4是可选的。作为具有这样的头部的第二零件的替代方式，该部分可以在模塑过程中在超声焊头6附近的热塑性材料液化之后成型。也存在其它替代方式。
在模塑过程中，超声焊头6将第二零件2压入开口并将振动耦合输入第二零件，由此，远端面被压紧在开口底面上。因为通过外摩擦和内摩擦所吸收的能量，该热塑性材料被加热并开始软化，于是变为可流动，随后其开始填充该开口。在该开口被完全充满后，振动源(超声设备)被关停，而压力被保持直到模塑的热塑性材料已至少在表面处因冷却而凝固。
在图1b和1c中，示出了在模塑过程后的图1a的配置结构(没有超声焊头6)。第二零件的热塑性材料在模塑过程中已熔化，填充由该开口限定的容积并且在随后再凝固。另一个零件11通过第二零件2被夹紧到第一零件1上。
在对后续实施例的说明中，只涉及与前述实施例的区别。
图2示出了具有这样的第二零件2的实施例，其除了热塑性材料21外还包括例如由钢构成的金属芯22。近侧部分22.1可以包含诸如像螺纹这样的用于将另一个零件连接至其上的结构。该芯具有远侧扩大部分22.3，其直径小于开口的竖井部、但大于芯22的杆部的直径，用于不仅通过粘附也通过形状配合将该芯锚固在再凝固的热塑性材料中。
在这个和所有其它的实施例中，除了造成防止拔出的形状配合连接的所示侧凹外，该芯(如有)和/或第一零件中的开口可以还包括不同于圆形对称性(绕在图2中是竖直的轴线)的结构，用于附加地抗转动固定。
图3a和3b示出了这样的实施例，其中，另一个零件通过具有环形对称性的第二零件2被固定至第一零件。如果第一件具有较大的孔(或类似结构)且该另一个零件要在该孔周围被固定至第一零件，则此实施例可能是有利的。
图4a-4c示出了这样的实施例，其中，开口大体呈具有远侧扩宽部的缝状。第二零件2被相应成形，例如呈板状。为了在模塑过程之后(且可选地也在之前)充分锚固在热塑性材料21中，芯22可以如图4c所示具有被热塑性材料21渗透的多个孔22.5。限定出抗拔出力的形状配合连接的其它结构是可行的。
相比于图2的实施例，该芯在图5a和5b的实施例中具有双T型材形状，其代表任何非圆形横截面形状。这样的非圆形横截面形状且尤其是双T型材形状可以带来优化的负荷分布和特定的抗弯刚性。因此，尤其是双T型材形状的优点是非常受力稳定。根据图5c的变型(示出了上表面的俯视图)，开口的竖井部1.1和进而模塑之后的热塑性材料具有相应形状，从而使得该连接也抗转动固定并且该热塑性材料具有近似均匀一致的厚度，此特征用于在该连接承受机械载荷时均匀分布该载荷。图5d-5h示出了另一个变型，其中，该开口具有双T形横截面并且该热塑性材料具有近似均匀一致的厚度。其中，图5e示出了经过图5d的平面A-A的截面，而图5f示出了经过平面B-B的截面。不同于图5c，开口的远侧扩宽部和进而模塑之后的第二零件的“根部”呈盘形，而不是双T形。
参见图6a-7c，示出了第三零件31通过第二零件与第一零件进行连接的第一组实施例。
图6a示出了被保持在一起且对准的第一零件和第二零件，从而存在一个共同腔，该共同腔由第一零件中的开口部1.10和第三零件中的开口31.10来限定。第一零件中的开口还包括供第二零件2进入的入口部1.112。例如呈机械振动能形式作用的能量通过超声焊头6被耦合入尚未液化的固态的第二零件中。或者，光导的激光源可以被用于将辐射能耦合入第二零件，此时在第二零件2远端和第一零件之间的界面是吸收的。作为另一替代方式，整个布置结构可以被加热。在这两个替代实施方式中，可用活塞件来推动第二零件2更深入该入口部，同时第二零件因在其远端被熔化而消耗。
图6b示出了工艺过程之后的布置结构。第二零件的热塑性材料填充该共同腔。在所示的配置结构中，该入口部1.11在工艺过程后是空的，但它也可以被至少部分填充。
图7a-7c的实施例是通过第二零件2将第一零件1与第三零件31以及第二零件2进行连接的另一个例子。在此实施例中，由第一零件和第三零件31共同限定容积。第二零件2由热塑性材料构成。
在该工艺过程中，首先第三零件和第三零件彼此相对定位。因为在第三零件31和/或第一零件1内的侧边的轴向槽，该容积包括竖井部。另外，该容积包括围绕第三零件的深环部。在第一和第三零件彼此相对定位之后，第二零件通过从近侧作用的压力被插入和压入到该开口和该容积中，同时将超声振动耦合入其中。第二零件2的热塑性材料被液化且通过流动而填充该容积，由此形成环部2.8和轴杆部。如图7b清楚所示，环部通过形状配合连接将第三零件31固定至第一零件1。
在如图8a-8c所示的变型中，被固定至第一零件1的另一个零件11是管，该管在所示实施例中具有非圆形横截面。第二零件2和该开口为环形并且与图1相似地以形状配合方式固定另一个零件。
如果热塑性材属于要被固定至第一零件的另一个零件，则出现与图8a-8c中的那个相似的配置结构，即在此情况下，另一个零件11属于第二零件并且为类似于例如图2的硬芯22。
图9的变型具有以下特征，这些特征例如在其它实施例中如先前附图中所示的实施例中可以按照组合、次级组合或单独方式来实施(即这些特征并非是彼此必需的)。
-第二零件2的热塑性材料21具有远侧尖端21.4或在接触开口底面的远端处促成液化开始的其它能量引导结构；
-该开口具有扩宽部1.2，其限定出不在开口的远侧底面处的侧凹；
-该开口具有多于一个的扩宽部1.2、1.4(两个扩宽部)；
-该开口包括不具有相同的横截面的两个竖井部1.1、1.3。第二零件可以具有相应的阶梯形状(图9未示出)；
-第二零件具有由不液化(例如芯材料)的材料构成的止挡结构22.6，止挡结构如图所示限定了向该开口内引入的停止位置。该止挡结构22.6的位置可以与该开口的容积和第二零件的位于该止挡结构远侧的部分的体积相适应，使得热塑性材料填充该容积同时被耗尽；
-像在先前实施例中那样，该芯具有扩大结构22.5，除了粘附力之外，其也将该芯固定至该热塑性材料。
图10a和10b示出了对本文所述的所有实施例而言是可选的特征。开口被成形为其形状不仅阻止第二零件的拔出，而且阻止其它的运动自由度。在所示实施例中，该开口为此不是旋转对称的，而是在远侧扩宽区域(图10b示出了沿图10a的线B-B的截面)处具有径向结构，该径向结构在此呈径向外凸的四叶形状，而在竖井部截面(截面A-A，在这些图中未示出)中，横截面可以是旋转对称的。组合(在两个截面中的非对称形状)或者替代(仅在远侧部分旋转对称)也是可行的。
图11a和11b、图12a和12b、图13a和13b、图14a和14b、图15a和15b、图16a和16b、图17a和17b、图18a和18b分别以俯视图和侧视图示出了开口的不同可能形状，这些形状对应于第二零件部分的在模塑过程后的模塑形状。注意，在各自的b图中的方位取向与在先图中所示的方位取向相比被上下颠倒了。
示出了第三零件31与第一零件1通过第二零件2进行连接的第二组例子。
图19a示出了能量被耦合入第二零件2之前的布置结构。第二零件既伸入第一零件1的开口1.1、1.2中，也伸入第三零件31的开口31.1、31.2(也具有竖井部31.1和形成侧凹的扩宽部31.2)中。然后，能量通过第一零件和/或第三零件被间接耦合入第二零件，同时第一和第三零件被相互压紧在一起。例如第一和第三零件可以为此被加热。或者，机械振动可以被耦合入第一零件和/或第三零件。图19b示出了热塑性材料再凝固之后的布置结构。第二零件2的体积对应于该共同腔的容积。
仍可能存在的空气可以经过可选的轴向凸棱、槽等逸出，所述凸棱、槽等被定位成只在液化的最终阶段被闭合，使得任何残余空气的量很少。而且，相比于例如注塑，前速度小了许多，因而燃烧等的危险性显著降低。另外，为应对残余量仍太大的情况，可选择地设置用于空气沿第一和第三零件的分离平面逸失的小通道等。
图20还示出了另一个变型，其中，在模塑过程后第二零件2处于由第一零件1和第三零件31形成的组件的内部。在该工艺过程中，压力和振动被耦合输入第一零件、第三零件或者两者。例如，第一和第三零件可以在两个超声焊头之间被压紧，此时第二零件被插入在各自零件中的相互对准的开口(在这里，这些开口是相互对称的)。
图21示出了具有通孔的第一零件。为了限定出用于模塑工艺的容积，临时将一个辅助件61附加至第一零件1以在远侧封闭该容积(紧固夹62)。在该模塑过程中，第二零件2通过超声焊头压紧在该辅助件上。
更概括地讲，辅助件可以具有任何期望的形状并且作为要在工艺过程后移除的成形件。尤其是，辅助件可以被成形为模塑功能形状。
最后，图22a、22b和22c示出了工具51，其可以在上述类型的第一零件的压铸过程中被用于形成限定出侧凹的开口。该工具包括可径向移位的滑块51.2，该滑块可以从柱形部分51.1向外压，例如通过从近侧插入的辅助销(即图21中的下侧)。在压铸过程后，滑块51.2可以回缩并且工具51可以被移出压铸型。
在不超出本发明的范围和精神的情况下可以想到各种其它的实施例。

Claims (18)

1.一种将零件相互连接的方法，其包括以下步骤：
-提供第一零件，所述第一零件包括开口；
-提供第二零件，所述第二零件包括处于固态的热塑性材料；
-使所述第一零件和所述第二零件相对于彼此进行布置，使得所述第二零件进入所述开口，同时限定具有侧凹的空腔和明确限定的空腔容积；
-使能量作用于所述第二零件，直到使所述热塑性材料的至少一部分液化并填充所述空腔；和
-使所述热塑性材料再凝固，由此将所述第二零件锚固在所述第一零件中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述能量是机械能。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述机械能是超声振动能。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述振动能从具有耦合输出面的超声焊头被耦合输入所述第二零件，所述耦合输出面被压紧在第二零件的耦合输入面上。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其包括提供要与所述第一零件组装的第三零件的另一步骤，其中，所述能量经所述第一零件或所述第三零件被耦合入所述第二零件，并且其中，在使所述热塑性材料再凝固的步骤之后，所述热塑性材料至少部分地填充所述空腔，所述空腔是所述第一零件和所述第三零件的共用空腔。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述共用空腔是闭合的空腔。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述第二零件的体积被选择成对应于所述空腔的容积。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其中，在使能量作用于所述第二零件的步骤中，使机械压力作用于所述第二零件。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，在所述能量已停止作用后保持所述压力一段时间。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其中，所述第二零件结构设置成能够将另一个零件连接至所述第一零件。
11.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其中，所述第二零件具有由不同于所述热塑性材料的芯材料或材料组合构成的芯，所述芯材料/材料组合在使所述热塑性材料液化的步骤中保持固态。
12.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其中，所述第一零件是压铸件。
13.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其中，所述开口朝向近侧敞开，其中，所述第二零件从所述近侧被插入，并且其中，在使能量作用于所述第二零件的步骤中，将第二零件压向远侧。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，在压紧步骤中，所述第二零件被压至所述开口的底面上或被压至位于所述第一零件的远侧并且被暂时固定至所述第一零件的辅助件上。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的方法，其中，所述第二零件具有近侧头部或凸缘部，在使热塑性材料再凝固的步骤之后，所述近侧头部或凸缘部抵靠在所述开口的边缘上或要被安装至所述第一零件的另一个零件的开口的边缘上。
16.根据权利要求13至15中的任一项所述的方法，其中，在使所述热塑性材料再凝固的步骤之后，所述第二零件完全充满所述开口。
17.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其中，所述热塑性材料是纤维加强型聚合物。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中，填料的体积份量在15％至60％之间。
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EP3708342A1 (en) 2020-09-16
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