CN102762359A - 第一构件与第二构件之间的连接 - Google Patents

第一构件与第二构件之间的连接 Download PDF

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CN102762359A
CN102762359A CN2010800549589A CN201080054958A CN102762359A CN 102762359 A CN102762359 A CN 102762359A CN 2010800549589 A CN2010800549589 A CN 2010800549589A CN 201080054958 A CN201080054958 A CN 201080054958A CN 102762359 A CN102762359 A CN 102762359A
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section
space
opening
press
heating
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C.海尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/526—Joining bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/526—Joining bars
    • B29C66/5268—Joining bars characterised by their solid cross sections being non-circular, e.g. being elliptical, square or rectangular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B3/00—Key-type connections; Keys
    • F16B3/005—Key-type connections; Keys the key being formed by solidification of injected material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0822—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1632—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/609—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being plunge-formed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/30325—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

在一种具有由塑料制成的第一构件（100）和设有空隙（210）的第二构件（200）的装置中，所述第一构件至少部分地布置在所述空隙中。在此，所述第二构件具有开口（220），该开口从所述第二构件的外侧面伸展到所述第一构件的布置在所述空隙中的第一区段。所述开口与所述第一构件的延伸方向成角度地布置。所述第一构件具有变形的区段（120），该区段布置在所述开口中。

Description

第一构件与第二构件之间的连接
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按权利要求1的前序部分所述的具有第一构件和第二构件的装置以及一种按权利要求4的前序部分所述的用于将第一构件与第二构件连接起来的方法。
背景技术
为了将第一构件固定在第二构件的孔或者空隙中，若干技术为人所知。如果这两个构件由金属制成，那么比如可以将其彼此挤压或者焊接在一起。即使所述第一构件由塑料制成，那也可以通过挤压将其与所述第二构件连接起来。但是，这样的连接的耐久性在介质、温度波动和力的作用下非常难以控制。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是，提供第一构件与第二构件之间的得到改进的连接。该任务通过一种具有权利要求1所述特征的装置得到解决。此外，本发明的任务是，说明一种得到改进的用于将第一构件与第二构件连接起来的方法。该任务通过一种具有权利要求4所述特征的方法得到解决。优选的改进方案在从属权利要求中得到说明。
按本发明的装置包括第一构件和第二构件。在此所述第一构件具有塑料。所述第二构件则具有空隙，其中所述第一构件至少部分地布置在所述空隙中。此外，所述第二构件具有开口，该开口从所述第二构件的外侧面伸展到所述第一构件的布置在所述空隙中的第一区段，并且与所述第一构件的延伸方向成角度地布置。此外，所述第一构件具有变形的区段，该区段布置在所述开口中。由此有利地在所述第一构件与所述第二构件之间产生不可扭转的并且能够用轴向力来加载的连接。有利的是，这种连接能够很快且以成本低廉地建立。
优选所述第二构件具有金属。而后所述金属的第二构件有利地在所述构件之间建立连接的过程中使所述第一构件快速地再冷却，由此防止所述第一构件的过度的热负荷。
有利的是，所述第一构件是磁阀的升降杆并且所述第二构件是其电枢。有利的是，而后可以容易并且成本低廉地制造这样的磁阀。
在按本发明的用于将第一构件与第二构件连接起来的方法中，所述第一构件具有塑料。所述第二构件具有空隙，其中所述第一构件至少部分地能够插入到所述空隙中并且能够从所述空隙中取出。此外，所述第二构件具有开口，通过该开口可以接近所述第一构件的布置在所述空隙中的第一区段。所述方法包括用于将所述第一构件插入到所述空隙中、用于对所述第一构件的第一区段进行加热并且用于将朝所述空隙中指向的力施加到所述第一构件上这些步骤，其中所述第一构件的第一区段的材料在所述力的影响下至少部分地流入到所述第二构件的开口中。通过这种方法在所述构件之间有利地产生持久的连接，通过该持久的连接将所述第一构件固定地保持在所述第二构件的空隙中。有利的是，所述方法仅仅要求在所述第一区段中对所述第一构件进行局部的加热，由此避免所述第一构件的塑料的热损坏。同样有利的是，所述构件之间的根据按本发明的方法建立的连接能够用轴向力来加载并且具有较高的耐久性。此外，所述方法可以以很低的成本来实施并且可以较好地再现和监控。
按照一种实施方式，通过用激光束来照射所述第一构件的第一区段的方式来对所述第一构件进行加热。激光束的使用有利地允许非常有针对性地对所述第一构件的第一区段进行局部的加热。由此保护所述第一构件的其余区段以防止其经受过度的热负荷。
按照所述方法的另一种实施方式，通过超声和/或感应的加热和/或红外辐射来对所述第一构件的第一区段进行加热。在此有利的是，也可以成本低廉地实施这种实施方式。
优选通过所述第二构件的开口来输入用于对所述第一构件的第一区段进行加热的能量。有利的是，而后所述开口同时用于对所述第一构件进行局部的加热并且用于接纳所述第一构件的在所述力的影响下环流的材料。
优选所述第一构件的第一区段通过加热至少暂时地软化。这一点有利地方便所述第一构件的紧接着的变形。
特别优选所述第一构件的第一区段通过加热至少暂时地至少部分地熔化。有利的是，这一点能够实现所述第一构件的特别容易的并且能够再现的变形。
附图说明
现在借助于附图对本发明进行详细解释。其中：
图1是在两个构件之间建立连接时的第一处理状态的示意图；
图2是第二处理状态；
图3是第三处理状态；
图4是所述两个构件之间的完成了的连接的示意图；
图5是两个有待连接的构件的第二种实施方式；并且
图6是两个有待连接的构件的第三种实施方式。
具体实施方式
图1以示意性的剖视图示出了具有第一构件100和第二构件200的装置。所述第一构件100是长形的比如圆柱形的或者说通常棱柱形的本体。所述第二构件200具有空隙210，该空隙的空心形状大致相当于所述第一构件100或者说所述第一构件100的一个区段的形状。所述第一构件100由塑料制成。所述第二构件200可以由金属或者其它的材料制成。在图1中示出的装置比如可以是比如用在机动车的加热及冷却回路中的磁阀。所述第一构件100而后是所述磁阀的升降杆。所述第二构件200而后是所述磁阀的电枢。
所述第一构件100应该固定在所述第二构件200的空隙210中。所述固定状态应该满足关于其在介质比如水质乙二醇混合物的影响、处于-40℃到150℃的范围内的温度波动以及作用于所述第一构件100的轴向的和/或旋转的力的作用下的耐久性方面的高要求。此外，应该能够以较小的公差确定所述第一构件100的在所述第二构件200的空隙210中的位置。按本发明，这样的连接通过下面所解释的方法来建立。
首先将所述第一构件100如在图1中示出的一样插入到所述第二构件200的空隙210中。在图1的实施例中，所述空隙210在两侧打开并且所述第一构件100伸出超过所述第二构件200的空隙210的两个开口。所述第一构件100的第一端部130在第一侧上从所述空隙210中伸出来，与所述第一端部130对置的第二端部140在另一侧上从所述空隙210中伸出来。但是，按应用情况，所述第一构件100也可以如此布置在所述空隙210中，使得该第一构件100的一个端部在与所述空隙210的一个端部齐平的情况下终止。也可以将所述空隙210作为盲孔设计为单侧打开的结构。
所述第二构件200具有开口220，该开口从所述第二构件200的外部的表面穿过所述第二构件200一直伸展到所述空隙210。通过所述开口210，可以从外面接近所述第一构件100的布置在空隙210中的第一区段110。所述开口220大致垂直于所述空隙210和第一构件100的延伸方向伸展。但是也可以相对于所述空隙210以不同于直角的角度来布置所述开口220。也可以设置多于一个的开口220。比如多个开口可以沿圆周方向围绕着所述第一构件100来布置。所述开口220比如可以通过钻孔、铣削或者其它方法来加入到所述第一构件200中。
图2以示意图示出了用于将所述第一构件100与所述第二构件200连接起来的第二过程步骤。在此有选择地对所述第一构件100的第一区段110进行加热。所述第一区段110的加热比如可以通过激光束300来进行，所述激光束则通过所述开口220射入到所述第一构件100的第一区段110上。在此有利的是，所述第一构件100由吸收激光的塑料制成。作为激光束300的使用的替代方案，所述第一构件100的第一区段110也可以通过以下方式来加热，即通过所述开口220来射入红外光束或者超声波信号。也可以对所述第一构件100进行感应的加热。优选通过所述第二构件200的开口220将为了对所述第一构件100的第一区段110进行加热所需要的能量输送给所述第一区段110。这样做的优点是，所述第一构件100仅仅局部地在所述第一区段110得到加热，而所述第一构件100的其余区域则没有经受较大的热负荷。所述激光束300的使用能够特别快地对所述第一区段110进行加热并且因此是特别优选的方法。
所述第一区段110的加热使所述第一构件100的在第一区段110的区域中的材料软化或者至少部分地熔化。在接下来的在图3中示意性地示出的处理步骤中，将沿所述第一构件100的轴向的方向起作用的力施加到所述第一构件100上。在力310的影响下，所述第一构件100的在第一区段110中的受到加热的材料发生变形并且被部分地排挤到所述第二构件200的开口220的区域中。由此缩短所述第一构件100的长度。在图3所示出的实施例中，所述力310作用在所述第一构件100的第一端部130上，而第二端部140则相对于所述第二构件200保持位置固定。但是也可以让力310作用在所述第一构件的第二端部140上并且所述第一构件100的第一端部130相对于所述第二构件200保持位置固定。如果所述空隙210构造为单侧打开的盲孔，那么所述力310就作用在所述第一构件100的自由的端部上。
所述第一构件100的第一区段110的在力310的影响下排挤到所述开口220中的材料在所述开口220的区域中形成一个变形的区段120。在所述第一构件100与所述第二构件200之间，在所述空隙210的整个区域的范围内存在着热接触，所述热接触使所述第一构件100的在所述第一区段110和变形的区段120的区域中的材料快速冷却。这种冷却过程特别快速地进行，如果所述第二构件200由金属制成。通过所述冷却过程，所述第一构件100的在变形的区段120中的材料凝固。所述变形的区段120现在从所述第一构件100的外侧面中伸出来并且根据销钉的方式布置在所述第二构件200的开口220中。这在图4中示出。通过所述变形的区段120，所述第一构件100在沿所有空间方向不可活动的情况下固定在所述第二构件200的空隙210中。由此在所述第一构件100与所述第二构件200之间建立不可扭转的并且能够用轴向力来加载的连接。
图5示出了具有按第二种实施方式的第一构件1100和第二构件1200的装置。所述第一构件1100布置在所述第二构件1200的空隙1210中并且应该在那里与所述第二构件1200相连接。图5在此示出了垂直于所述第一构件1100及空隙1210的延伸方向的剖面。图5示出，所述第一构件1100和所述空隙1210具有矩形的或者正方形的横截面。通常所述第一构件1100和图1到4的第一构件100一样可以具有相应的拥有任意的横截面的棱柱形状。尤其可以设想三角形、四边形或者圆形的横截面。但是所述第二构件1200的空隙1210应该相应地具有相应的横截面。
此外，图5示出，所述第二构件1200具有第一开口1220和第二开口1230，所述第一开口1220和第二开口1230相应地从所述第二构件1200的外侧面通过所述第二构件1200伸展到所述空隙1210。在该实施方式中，不仅通过所述第一开口1220而且通过所述第二开口1230对所述第一构件1100进行加热。而后在将力施加到所述第一构件1100上的过程中，将所述第一构件1100的材料不仅排挤到所述第一开口1220中而且排挤到所述第二开口1230中。这种实施方式由此在所述第一构件1100与所述第二构件1200之间产生还更为稳定的连接。在改进方案中，也还可以设置两个以上的开口1220、1230。所述开口也可以布置在所述第一构件1100的不同的轴向的位置上。
图6示出了具有按另一种实施方式的第一构件2100和第二构件2200的装置。图6在此又示出了与所述第一构件2100的延伸方向平行的剖面并且由此相当于图1到4的示意图。所述第二构件2200具有空隙2210。所述第一构件2100布置在所述第二构件2200的空隙2210中并且应该在那里与所述第二构件2200相连接。所述第二构件2200具有开口2220，该开口从所述第二构件2200的外侧面穿过所述第二构件2200伸展到所述开口2210。
但是，与图1到5的实施方式不同的是，所述第一构件2100不是构造为具有彼此相对应的端面的棱柱。换而言之，所述第一构件2100具有锥状。所述空隙2210具有相应的锥体空心形状并且此外构造为盲孔。尽管如此，所述用于将第一构件2100与第二构件2200连接起来的处理方式相当于前面所描述的方法。图6清楚地表明，所述第一构件2100也可以具有不同于棱柱形状的形状。作为所示出的实施例的补充，也可以设想截锥形状、棱锥体形状或者每种其它的允许将所述第一构件2100插入到所述第二构件2200的空隙2210中的形状。

Claims (9)

1. 具有第一构件（100、1100、2100）和第二构件（200、1200、2200）的装置，
其中所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）具有塑料，
其中所述第二构件（200、1200、2200）具有空隙（210、1210、2210），
其中所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）至少部分地布置在所述空隙（210、1210、2210）中，
其特征在于，
所述第二构件（200、1200、2200）具有开口（220、1220、1230、2220），所述开口从所述第二构件（200）的外侧面伸展到所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）的布置在所述空隙（210、1210、2210）中的第一区段（110），
其中所述开口（220、1220、1230、2220）与所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）的延伸方向成角度地布置，
其中所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）具有变形的区段（120），该区段布置在所述开口（220、1220、1230、2220）中。
2. 按权利要求1所述的装置，
其特征在于，
所述第二构件（200、1200、2200）具有金属。
3. 按权利要求1所述的装置，
其特征在于，
所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）是磁阀的升降杆并且所述第二构件（200、1200、2200）是其电枢。
4. 用于将第一构件（100、1100、2100）与第二构件（200、1200、2200）连接起来的方法，
其中所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）具有塑料，
其中所述第二构件（200、1200、2200）具有空隙（210），
其中所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）至少部分地能够插入到所述空隙（210、1210、2210）中并且能够从所述空隙（210）中取出，
其中所述第二构件（200、1200、2200）具有开口（220、1220、1230、2220），
其中所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）的布置在所述空隙（210、1210、2210）中的第一区段（110）可以通过所述开口（220、1220、1230、2220）来接近，
其特征在于，所述方法具有以下步骤：
-将所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）插入到所述空隙（210）中；
-对所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）的第一区段（110）进行加热；
-将朝所述空隙（210、1210、2210）中指向的力（310）施加到所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）上，
其中所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）的第一区段（110）的材料在所述力（310）的影响下至少部分地流入到所述第二构件（200、1200、2200）的开口（220、1220、1230、2220）中。
5. 按权利要求4所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）的第一区段（110）的加热通过用激光束（300）照射所述第一区段（110）来进行。
6. 按权利要求4所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）的第一区段（110）的加热通过超声和/或感应的加热和/或红外辐射来进行。
7. 按权利要求4到6中任一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
通过所述第二构件（200、1200、2200）的开口（220、1220、1230、2220）来输入用于对所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）的第一区段（110）进行加热的能量。
8. 按权利要求4到7中任一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）的第一区段（110）通过加热至少暂时地软化。
9. 按权利要求4到8中任一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述第一构件（100、1100、2100）的第一区段（110）通过加热至少暂时地至少部分地熔化。
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Application publication date: 20121031