CN104838070A - 充气式护舷材 - Google Patents

充气式护舷材 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104838070A
CN104838070A CN201380062780.6A CN201380062780A CN104838070A CN 104838070 A CN104838070 A CN 104838070A CN 201380062780 A CN201380062780 A CN 201380062780A CN 104838070 A CN104838070 A CN 104838070A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fiber
layer
reinforced layer
type protective
reinforced
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201380062780.6A
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English (en)
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CN104838070B (zh
Inventor
奥野裕子
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd
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Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd
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Publication of CN104838070A publication Critical patent/CN104838070A/zh
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
    • B63B59/02—Fenders integral with waterborne vessels or specially adapted therefor, e.g. fenders forming part of the hull or incorporated in the hull; Rubbing-strakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种即使经过蒸汽硫化，纤维增强层也难以劣化，并且耐疲劳性优异、能够在严酷使用条件下实际使用的充气式护舷材。埋设在充气式护舷材(1)内面橡胶层与外面橡胶层(6)之间的纤维增强层(7)中，至少1层纤维增强层(7)的纵线(8)，通过由PEN纤维组成的绞合帘线(9)构成，该绞合帘线(9)的拉伸强度设为210N以上，切断伸长率设为14％以上20％以下，67N拉伸时中间伸长率设为3％以下。

Description

充气式护舷材
技术领域
本发明涉及一种充气式护舷材，更具体而言，涉及一种即使经过蒸汽硫化，纤维增强层也难以劣化，并且耐疲劳性优异、能够在严酷使用条件下实际使用的充气式护舷材。
背景技术
目前，充气式护舷材的纤维增强层会使用由强度和伸长率相当高、尺寸稳定性良好且成本低的PET(聚对苯二甲酸二乙酯)纤维组成的绞合帘线。但是，充气式护舷材不同于在模具内通过气囊按压并在规定温度、规定压力下进行硫化的轮胎等橡胶产品，而是在硫化箱中通过蒸汽硫化制成。因此，存在的问题是，易因橡胶中硫化促进剂等中含有的胺而发生劣化的PET纤维，会因蒸汽硫化进一步加快劣化，从而拉伸强度以及与橡胶粘合性降低。
作为即使经过蒸汽硫化也难以发生劣化，且与橡胶粘合性以及尺寸稳定性较PET纤维良好的纤维，众所周知有PEN(聚2,6-萘二甲酸乙二醇酯)纤维，但由于其分子链较PET纤维刚直等原因，存在切断伸长率小、耐疲劳性差的问题。充气式护舷材在船舶接舷等时，会被非常大的力按压而明显变形，因此纤维增强层的纤维帘线必须具有较大伸长率以承受其变形。此外，其还会被重复用力按压而明显变形，因此还必须重视耐疲劳性。如此，传统PEN纤维无法作为充气式护舷材的纤维增强层来满足其重要性能，无法实际使用。
目前已提出一种增大了伸长率的PEN纤维(参照专利文献1)，然而该文献中提出的PEN纤维的绞合帘线虽然具有高伸长率，但拉伸强度并不充分。因此，无法将该PEN纤维实际用于充气式护舷材的纤维增强层。
现有技术文献
专利文献
【专利文献1】日本专利特开2008-208504号公报
发明的概要
发明拟解决的问题
本发明目的在于提供一种即使经过蒸汽硫化，纤维增强层也难以劣化，并且耐疲劳性优异、能够在严酷使用条件下实际使用的充气式护舷材。
发明内容
为达成上述目的，本发明的充气式护舷材，其在内面橡胶层与外面橡胶层之间至少埋设1层纤维增强层，其特征在于，所述纤维增强层中，至少1层纤维增强层的纵线，通过由PEN纤维组成的绞合帘线构成，该绞合帘线的拉伸强度设为210N以上，切断伸长率设为14％以上20％以下，67N拉伸时中间伸长率设为3％以下。
本发明的PEN纤维是指以聚2,6-萘二甲酸乙二醇酯为主成分的纤维。
发明的效果
根据本发明，充气式护舷材中使用的至少1层纤维增强层的纵线，通过由PEN纤维组成的绞合帘线构成，因此较之由传统PET纤维组成的绞合帘线，能够抑制因蒸汽硫化而劣化，从而有助于防止拉伸强度降低以及与橡胶粘合性降低。
另外，通过绞合帘线的拉伸强度设为210N以上、切断伸长率设为14％以上20％以下、67N拉伸时中间伸长率设为3％以下，能够确保优异的耐疲劳性，从而能够在严酷使用条件下实际使用。
所述纤维增强层例如采用将多根所述绞合帘线平行拉齐的帘织结构。通过帘织结构，纵线与横线的干涉减少，从而有助于改善纤维增强层的耐久性。
所述绞合帘线例如采用将2根或3根PEN纤维进行捻合的各种捻合结构。由此，将有助于改善耐疲劳性。
所述纤维增强层为3层以上，这些纤维增强层中，会相对产生较大应力的至少配置在最内周侧及最外周侧的纤维增强层的纵线，也可通过由所述PEN纤维组成的绞合帘线构成。由此，其他纤维增强层可同以往一样，使用由PET纤维组成的绞合帘线，从而降低制造成本。
附图说明
图1是例示本发明充气式护舷材躯干部内部结构的局部缺口侧面图。
图2是图1中充气式护舷材上半部分的横截面图。
图3是例示本发明纤维增强层的说明图。
图4是例示图3绞合帘线的说明图。
具体实施方式
下面，根据图示的实施方式，说明本发明的充气式护舷材。
图1、图2例示的实施方式的充气式护舷材1中，在覆盖圆筒状躯干部2两端的镜体部3中的一个镜体部3上，设有金属盖4。躯干部2及镜体部3中，在内面橡胶层5与外面橡胶层6之间埋设多层纤维增强层7。纤维增强层7至少设有1层，其层叠数根据充气式护舷材1的大小等决定。
躯干部2中，多层纤维增强层7配置为，相对于筒轴方向，使纵线8以规定偏斜角度倾斜。层叠相邻的上下纤维增强层7中，相对于筒轴方向，纵线8的偏斜角度对称。
如图3所例示，各纤维增强层7采用纵线8与横线11的帘织结构。纤维增强层7虽然也可采用平织结构，但通过采用帘织结构，纵线8与横线11的干涉减少，从而有助于改善纤维增强层7的耐久性。帘织结构中，纵线8编织密度为30～70根/5cm，横线11编织密度为2～8根/5cm左右。
本发明中，纵线8采用下述特殊规格。横线11例如可使用由聚酯、聚酮、芳纶、维尼纶、以及尼龙等各种合成纤维形成的线。
如图4所例示，纵线8通过由PEN纤维的长纤丝10组成的绞合帘线9构成。该实施方式中，将2根长纤丝10分别逐一往同一方向下捻，接着将这些下捻过的长纤丝10一同往反方向上捻，由此构成绞合帘线9。
较之将1根或多根长纤丝拉齐往一个方向捻线的单捻结构，该绞合帘线9(纵线8)能够获得良好的耐疲劳性。下捻和上捻也可采用不同捻数，但为了获得稳定性，优选数量相同或数量大致相同。考虑到拉伸强度及柔软性等，绞合帘线9的纤度为1000～2000dtex左右，捻合的长纤丝10为2根或3根左右。
下捻数及上捻数优选为下述(1)式中规定的捻系数K为1300以上2500以下的捻数。捻系数K不足1300时，无法充分确保耐久性，超过2500时，强度不充分。
捻系数K＝T×D1/2……(1)
T：帘线的上捻数(次/10cm)
D：帘线的总纤度(dtex)
绞合帘线9的拉伸强度为210N以上，切断伸长率为14％以上20％以下，67N拉伸时中间伸长率为3％以下。
绞合帘线9的拉伸强度不足210N时，纤维增强层7的拉伸强度降低，作为增强层的增强性能不充分。因此，纤维增强层7的层叠数增加，从而不利于充气式护舷材1的轻量化和成本降低。绞合帘线9的拉伸强度上限为400N左右。
绞合帘线9的切断伸长率不足14％时，充气式护舷材1难以承受接舷时被用力按压的明显变形，在严酷使用条件下的耐疲劳性不充分。另一方面，绞合帘线9的拉伸强度超过20％时，中间伸长率也增大，因此将充气式护舷材1设置在水中时，充气式护舷材1的伸长率过大。而且，难以满足下述ISO中规定的标准。
绞合帘线9的67N拉伸时中间伸长率超过3％时，在ISO17357之9.5中规定的水压试验中，难以将充气式护舷材1的伸长率控制在标准范围内。因此，为了满足标准，必须增加纤维增强层7的层叠数，这不利于充气式护舷材1的轻量化和成本降低。此外，中间伸长率超过3％时，纤维增强层7的尺寸稳定性降低。
而且，通过满足绞合帘线9的拉伸强度为210N以上、切断伸长率为14％以上20％以下、以及67N拉伸时中间伸长率为3％以下的所有条件，能够获得耐疲劳性优异、可在严酷使用条件下实际使用的充气式护舷材1。如果未满足上述任一项条件，则无法获得本发明目的的充气式护舷材1。此外，由于能够抑制纤维增强层7的层叠数增加，所以有利于充气式护舷材1的轻量化和成本降低。
由于纤维增强层7的主要构件即纵线8，是通过由PEN纤维组成的绞合帘线9构成，所以较之传统PET纤维，能够抑制因蒸汽硫化而劣化。因此，有助于防止纤维增强层7(绞合帘线9)拉伸强度降低以及与橡胶粘合性降低。例如使用RFL(间苯二酚-甲醛-胶乳)类粘合剂，则能够进一步改善使用PEN纤维的纤维增强层7与橡胶的粘合性。
实施方式中，所有纤维增强层7的纵线8，均通过由PEN纤维的长纤丝10组成的绞合帘线9构成，但更优选所有纤维增强层7均由PEN纤维构成。另外，纤维增强层7为多层时，也可其中至少1层纤维增强层7的纵线8，通过由PEN纤维的长纤丝10组成的绞合帘线9构成。例如纤维增强层7为3层以上时，也可这些纤维增强层7中配置在最内周侧及最外周侧的纤维增强层7的纵线8，通过由PEN纤维的长纤丝10组成的绞合帘线9构成。
船舶接舷时，充气式护舷材1的纤维增强层7中配置在最内周侧及最外周侧的纤维增强层7，易产生相对较大的应力。因此，仅将上述规格的纤维增强层7用于最内周侧1层及最外周侧1层的纤维增强层7。或者，也可至少对配置在最内周侧及最外周侧的纤维增强层7采用上述规格的纤维增强层7。
由最内周侧及最外周侧的纤维增强层7夹住的纤维增强层7，相对难以受到蒸汽硫化的影响，因此配置在此处的纤维增强层7，也可同以往一样，使用由PET纤维组成的绞合帘线作为构成构件的纤维增强层。通过使用如此廉价的PET纤维，可减少制造成本。
实施例
如表1所示，构成纤维增强层的纵线，其绞合帘线规格各不相同，使用各种绞合帘线，制成10种帘织结构(纵线编织密度为50根/5cm、横线编织密度为5根/cm)的纤维增强层。表1中的捻系数K如上所述。帘线特性为依据JIS L1017测定的值。
使用制成的纤维增强层，制成仅纤维增强层不同的充气式护舷材试验样品(实例1～5、比较例1～5)，对各试验样品实施下述破坏压力试验、耐疲劳性试验、以及水压试验。试验样品的尺寸为外径3.3m、长度6.5m，纤维增强层的层叠数为6层。
此外，对各(实例1～5、比较例1～5)纤维增强层实施与下述橡胶的粘合性试验。其结果如表1所示。
[破坏压力试验]
依据ISO17357中规定的试验方法实施，对试验样品内部加压，测定试验样品破坏时的加压压力。破坏压力为525kPa以上，则为能够实际使用的等级。
[耐疲劳性试验]
依据ISO17357之8.4中规定的试验方法实施，对气压50kPa的试验样品重复实施3000次直径60％压缩变形，评估纤维增强层的损伤情况。损伤情况在能够实际使用的容许范围内，则标记为○；超出容许范围，无法实际使用，则标记为×。
[水压试验]
采用ISO17357之9.5中规定的试验，对充气式护舷材的试验样品施加水压100N，测定此时试验样品的伸长率。测定的伸长率为10％以下，则水压试验合格，标记为○；超过10％，则不合格，标记为×。
[与橡胶的粘合性试验]
相同条件下，使各纤维增强层与一般用于充气式护舷材的橡胶(天然及SBR类橡胶)进行蒸汽硫化，评估其粘合性。评估方法依据JISK6256-1中规定的试验方法实施，测定剥离强度。其剥离强度为110N/inch以上，则粘合性良好，标记为○；不足110N/inch，则粘合性不良，标记为×。
表1
根据表1结果可知，实例1～5中，破坏压力、耐疲劳性、水压试验、以及与橡胶粘合性全都能够保持在一定水平，能够在严酷使用条件下实际使用。
符号说明
1 充气式护舷材
2 躯干部
3 镜体部
4 金属盖
5 内面橡胶层
6 外面橡胶层
7 纤维增强层
8 纵线
9 绞合帘线
10 PEN纤维(长纤丝)
11 横线

Claims (4)

1.一种充气式护舷材，其在内面橡胶层与外面橡胶层之间至少埋设1层纤维增强层，其特征在于，所述纤维增强层中，至少1层纤维增强层的纵线，通过由PEN纤维组成的绞合帘线构成，所述绞合帘线的拉伸强度设为210N以上，切断伸长率设为14％以上20％以下，67N拉伸时中间伸长率设为3％以下。
2.如权利要求1所述的充气式护舷材，其特征在于，所述纤维增强层采用将多根所述绞合帘线平行拉齐的帘织结构。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的充气式护舷材，其特征在于，所述绞合帘线采用将2根或3根PEN纤维进行捻合的各种捻合结构。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的充气式护舷材，其特征在于，所述纤维增强层为3层以上，这些纤维增强层中，至少配置在最内周侧及最外周侧的纤维增强层的纵线，通过由所述PEN纤维组成的绞合帘线构成。
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KR20150067404A (ko) 2015-06-17
KR20160036633A (ko) 2016-04-04
EP2937465A4 (en) 2016-06-08
CN104838070B (zh) 2016-10-05
EP2937465A1 (en) 2015-10-28
JP2014121806A (ja) 2014-07-03
WO2014098106A1 (ja) 2014-06-26
JP5790637B2 (ja) 2015-10-07

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