CN104823017A - 行程传感器及具有行程传感器的流体弹簧 - Google Patents

行程传感器及具有行程传感器的流体弹簧 Download PDF

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CN104823017A
CN104823017A CN201380059557.6A CN201380059557A CN104823017A CN 104823017 A CN104823017 A CN 104823017A CN 201380059557 A CN201380059557 A CN 201380059557A CN 104823017 A CN104823017 A CN 104823017A
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magnetic
generating unit
stroke sensor
fluid
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山本彰一
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UD Trucks Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/26—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having fluid springs only, e.g. hydropneumatic springs
    • B60G11/27—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having fluid springs only, e.g. hydropneumatic springs wherein the fluid is a gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G9/00—Resilient suspensions of a rigid axle or axle housing for two or more wheels
    • B60G9/003—Resilient suspensions of a rigid axle or axle housing for two or more wheels the axle being rigidly connected to a trailing guiding device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/05—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/3292—Sensor arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/147—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the movement of a third element, the position of Hall device and the source of magnetic field being fixed in respect to each other
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
    • G01L9/0089—Transmitting or indicating the displacement of pistons by electrical, electromechanical, magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
    • G01L9/08—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of piezoelectric devices, i.e. electric circuits therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/15—Fluid spring
    • B60G2202/152—Pneumatic spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/15—Fluid spring
    • B60G2202/152—Pneumatic spring
    • B60G2202/1524—Pneumatic spring with two air springs per wheel, arranged before and after the wheel axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/11—Mounting of sensors thereon
    • B60G2204/111—Mounting of sensors thereon on pneumatic springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/43—Fittings, brackets or knuckles
    • B60G2204/4302—Fittings, brackets or knuckles for fixing suspension arm on the vehicle body or chassis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/60—Subframe construction
    • B60G2206/601—Hanger bracket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/25—Stroke; Height; Displacement
    • B60G2400/252—Stroke; Height; Displacement vertical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2401/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
    • B60G2401/17—Magnetic/Electromagnetic

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
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Abstract

行程传感器检测第一构件与以能够相对于所述第一构件沿接近、离开的方向移动的方式设置的第二构件之间的距离。所述行程传感器包括：磁性产生部，其设于所述第一构件，用于产生磁性；磁性体，其设于所述第二构件，用于利用从所述磁性产生部发出的磁力朝向所述磁性产生部施力；以及压力检测器，其设于所述第二构件，供被来自所述磁性产生部的磁力施力的所述磁性体抵接，并根据自所述磁性体作用的压力的变化检测所述第一构件与所述第二构件之间的距离。

Description

行程传感器及具有行程传感器的流体弹簧
技术领域
本发明涉及行程传感器及具有行程传感器的流体弹簧。
背景技术
一直以来，车辆的悬挂装置使用了利用空气等的压缩性流体的压力的流体弹簧。在使用流体弹簧的情况下，能够利用压缩性流体的压力任意调整车辆高度，但是需要一并设置根据流体弹簧的行程检测车辆高度的行程传感器。
在日本JP2002－307925A中公开了一种车辆的空气悬架装置，其具有配置在底盘车架与车轴之间的空气弹簧和根据伴随着车辆高度的变化而转动的杆的角度检测空气弹簧的行程的传感器。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
但是，日本JP2002－307925A所记载的空气悬架装置由于设有伴随着车辆高度的变化而转动的杆等连杆机构、传感器，因此装置整体的结构较复杂。因此，在将空气悬架装置向车辆上搭载时，需要较大的空间。
本发明是鉴于上述问题点而做成的，其目的在于提供一种能够应用于空气弹簧且能够节省空间的行程传感器。
用于解决问题的方案
根据本发明的某一技术方案，提供一种行程传感器，其用于检测第一构件与以能够相对于所述第一构件沿接近、离开的方向移动的方式设置的第二构件之间的距离。所述行程传感器包括：磁性产生部，其设于所述第一构件，用于产生磁性；磁性体，其设于所述第二构件，用于利用从所述磁性产生部发出的磁力朝向所述磁性产生部施力；以及压力检测器，其设于所述第二构件，供被来自所述磁性产生部的磁力施力的所述磁性体抵接，并根据自所述磁性体作用的压力的变化检测所述第一构件与所述第二构件之间的距离。
以下，参照添加的附图详细说明本发明的实施方式、本发明的优点。
附图说明
图1是应用了本发明的实施方式的流体弹簧的悬架装置的侧视图。
图2是本发明的实施方式的流体弹簧的侧面的剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图，说明本发明的实施方式的行程传感器30和作为具有行程传感器30的流体弹簧的空气弹簧100。在空气弹簧100中，使用压缩空气作为压缩性流体。
首先，参照图1，说明应用空气弹簧100的悬架装置1的结构。
悬架装置1是拖曳臂式的空气悬架装置。在图1中，左侧是车辆(省略图示)的前方。悬架装置1包括：悬架3，其自车架2向下方延伸；悬臂式的下臂4，其支承于悬架3；悬臂式的上臂5，其支承于车架2；以及悬挂梁6，其借助下臂4和上臂5支承于车架2且与后轮车轴7a一体设置。
悬架3形成为倒三角形状，底边侧的一端3a固定于车架2，顶点侧的另一端3b位于车架2的下方。
下臂4的一端4a支承于悬架3的另一端3b。下臂4设置为另一端4b能够以支承于悬架3的一端4a为中心进行圆弧运动。
上臂5与下臂4大致平行地设置。上臂5的一端5a支承于车架2。上臂5设置为另一端5b能够以支承于车架2的一端5a为中心进行圆弧运动。
悬挂梁6由下臂4的另一端4b和上臂5的另一端5b支承。悬挂梁6设置为能够伴随着下臂4和上臂5的圆弧运动而上下运动。由此，连结于后轮车轴7a的车轮7能够利用下臂4和上臂5的圆弧运动相对于车架2上下运动。
悬架装置1包括：空气弹簧100，其配置在车架2与车轮7之间并用于缓冲上下运动；以及减震器8，其与空气弹簧100并列设置并用于使上下运动衰减。
空气弹簧100分别设于悬挂梁6的前后两端。即，一对空气弹簧100设于后轮车轴7a的前后。空气弹簧100被夹持支承在车架2与悬挂梁6之间，在其弹性力的作用下，对车架2与悬挂梁6之间的上下运动进行缓冲。后面参照图2详细说明空气弹簧100。
减震器8的一端8a固定于车架2，另一端8b固定于悬挂梁6。由此，减震器8使车架2与悬挂梁6之间的上下运动衰减。
接着，主要参照图2说明空气弹簧100的结构。
空气弹簧100是设置在支承车轮7的悬挂梁6与车架2之间、并能够利用供给的压缩空气调整弹簧常数的套筒型的构件。空气弹簧100包括：隔膜20，其作为袋状弹性构件，并用于划分根据空气压力来扩大、缩小的流体室23；顶板22，其设于隔膜20的上端部；以及活塞10，其形成为圆筒状并以能够相对于隔膜20进退的方式设置。
活塞10由金属等的刚体形成。活塞10的底部10a固定于悬挂梁6。在活塞10上设有用于闭塞上端的开口部的圆形的板10b。在形成于活塞10的内部的空间内竖立设置有用于在隔膜20内的压缩空气的压力降低的情况下支承顶板22的支承部11。
在板10b的上表面上安装有利用橡胶等弹性构件形成的缓冲部12。通过设置该缓冲部12，从而吸收顶板22抵接时的冲击。
支承部11是设于活塞10的内周的圆筒状的构件。支承部11连结活塞10的底部10a与板10b之间。当顶板22抵接于缓冲部12时，支承部11使底部10a支承从顶板22传递来的车辆的重量。在支承部11的内周设有后述的行程传感器30的磁性体32和压电元件33。
隔膜20利用橡胶等弹性体形成为袋状。隔膜20形成为覆盖活塞10的上表面。隔膜20的最下部向内侧折回，并固定于活塞10的板10b的外周附近。由此，活塞10能够相对于隔膜20上下进退。
向流体室23内供给并填充被压缩机(省略图示)压缩并滞留于稳压箱(省略图示)内的压缩空气。另外，填充到流体室23内的压缩空气通过打开阀(省略图示)而能够向大气开放。
顶板22设置为抵接设于车架2(参照图1)。顶板22借助支架24固定于车架2。由此，空气弹簧100在悬挂梁6与车架2之间利用其弹性力支承车架2。在顶板22上设有后述的行程传感器30的磁性产生部31。
另外，空气弹簧100包括行程传感器30，该行程传感器30用于检测顶板22和以能够相对于顶板22沿接近、离开的方向移动的方式设置的支承部11之间的距离。在此，设于隔膜20的顶板22相当于第一构件，设于活塞10的支承部11相当于第二构件。
行程传感器30包括：磁性产生部31，其设于顶板22并用于产生磁性；磁性体32，其设于支承部11并利用从磁性产生部31发出的磁力朝向磁性产生部31施力；以及压电元件33，其作为压力检测器且设于支承部11、供被来自磁性产生部31的磁力施力的磁性体32抵接、并根据自磁性体32作用的压力的变化检测顶板22与支承部11之间的距离。
磁性产生部31是永久磁体。磁性产生部31以位于支承部11的上方的方式固定于顶板22的下表面。磁性产生部31产生吸附磁性体32的方向的磁场。
磁性体32以能够在圆筒状的支承部11的内周沿轴向移动的方式设置。磁性体32利用磁性产生部31产生的磁场朝向磁性产生部31施力。磁性体32与磁性产生部31之间的距离越近，磁性体32越以较强的力朝向磁性产生部31施力。
压电元件33在支承部11的内周上设置为位于磁性体32与磁性产生部31之间。压电元件33为了不相对于支承部11沿轴向移动而被固定于板10b。在压电元件33的下表面上抵接有被来自磁性产生部31的磁力施力的磁性体32。
压电元件33是所输出的电压的大小与所作用的压力的大小相应地发生变化的构件。压电元件33根据从磁性体32作用的压力的变化输出与顶板22和支承部11之间的距离相应的电压。
接着，说明行程传感器30的作用。
在车辆的高度比较高的情况下，由于车架2与悬挂梁6之间的距离较大，因此活塞10相对于隔膜20的进入量较小。因此，设于顶板22的磁性产生部31与设于支承部11的磁性体32之间的距离较大。因此，磁性产生部31的磁力对磁性体32的影响较小，因此磁性产生部31吸引磁性体32的作用力比较小。因而，从磁性体32作用于压电元件33的压力比较小，因此压电元件33输出的电压也较小。
另一方面，在车辆的高度比较低的情况下，由于车架2与悬挂梁6之间的距离较小，因此活塞10相对于隔膜20的进入量较大。因此，设于顶板22的磁性产生部31与设于支承部11的磁性体32之间的距离较小。因此，磁性产生部31的磁力对磁性体32的影响较大，因此磁性产生部31吸引磁性体32的作用力比较大。因而，从磁性体32作用于压电元件33的压力比较大，因此压电元件33输出的电压也较大。
如此，根据车辆的高度从压电元件33输出的电压的大小发生变化。因此，通过监视从压电元件33输出的电压，能够检测车辆的高度。
以往的行程传感器包括具有伴随着车辆高度的变化而转动的杆的连杆机构和根据杆的转动角度检测空气弹簧的行程的传感器。在将该行程传感器应用于空气弹簧100的情况下，杆等连杆机构、传感器设于空气弹簧100的外部。因此，装置整体的结构较复杂，在向车辆搭载时需要较大的空间。
与此相对，在行程传感器30中，能够根据从压电元件33输出的电压的大小检测空气弹簧100的行程，能够检测车辆的高度。如此，通过在顶板22上设置磁性产生部31，并在支承部11上设置磁性体32和压电元件33，能够将行程传感器30收纳于空气弹簧100的内部。因而，在将行程传感器30应用于空气弹簧100的情况下，能够节省空间。
另外，磁性产生部31固定于顶板22，磁性体32和压电元件33设于支承部11的内周。因此，形成于隔膜20的内部的流体室23的容积与未设有行程传感器30的情况相比没有变化。因而，不会对空气弹簧100的工作带来影响，能够在空气弹簧100中内置行程传感器30。
根据以上实施方式，起到以下所示的效果。
支承部11的磁性体32被来自顶板22的磁性产生部31的磁力施力，压电元件33检测该作用力，从而检测顶板22与支承部11之间的距离。如此，通过在顶板22上设置磁性产生部31，并在支承部11上设置磁性体32和压电元件33，能够将行程传感器30收纳于空气弹簧100的内部。因而，在将行程传感器30应用于空气弹簧100的情况下，能够节省空间。
以上，说明了本发明的实施方式，但是上述实施方式只不过是示出了本发明的适用例的一部分，并不是表示将本发明的技术范围限定于上述实施方式的具体结构。
例如，也可以设为在支承部11上设置磁性产生部31、且在顶板22上设置磁性体32和压电元件33的结构。即使在该情况下，也与上述实施方式相同地能够将行程传感器30内置于空气弹簧100。另外，在该情况下，设于活塞10的支承部11相当于第一构件，设于隔膜20的顶板22相当于第二构件。
本申请要求基于2012年11月15日向日本国特许厅提出申请的特愿2012－251398的优先权，且本申请的全部内容通过参照被引入本说明书中。
本发明的实施例所包含的排他性质或特征见权利要求书。

Claims (5)

1.一种行程传感器，其用于检测第一构件与以能够相对于所述第一构件沿接近、离开的方向移动的方式设置的第二构件之间的距离，其中，该行程传感器包括：
磁性产生部，其设于所述第一构件，用于产生磁性；
磁性体，其设于所述第二构件，用于利用从所述磁性产生部发出的磁力朝向所述磁性产生部施力；以及
压力检测器，其设于所述第二构件，供被来自所述磁性产生部的磁力施力的所述磁性体抵接，并根据自所述磁性体作用的压力的变化检测所述第一构件与所述第二构件之间的距离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的行程传感器，其中，
所述压力检测器是用于输出与所述第一构件和所述第二构件之间的距离相应的电压的压电元件。
3.一种流体弹簧，其中，其具有权利要求1或2所述的行程传感器，并能够利用供给的压缩性流体调整弹簧常数，该流体弹簧包括：
袋状弹性构件，其用于划分根据流体压力扩大、缩小的流体室；以及
活塞，其形成为筒状并以能够相对于所述袋状弹性构件进退的方式设置；
所述第一构件与所述第二构件中的一者设于所述袋状弹性构件，
所述第一构件与所述第二构件中的另一者设于所述活塞。
4.根据权利要求3所述的流体弹簧，其中，
所述第一构件是设于所述袋状弹性构件的上端部的顶板。
5.根据权利要求4所述的流体弹簧，其中，
所述第二构件是设于所述活塞且用于在所述袋状弹性构件内的压缩性流体的压力降低的情况下支承所述顶板的支承部。
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