CN104778896B - A kind of operation of teacher platform of land rig installation operation simulation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of rig simulator drilling process analogue means and its system for land rig with independent intellectual property right to form each several part, it is based on computer simulation technique and with reference to the practical operation flow of well drilling operation site, realistic simulation is carried out to the drilling process process of ZJ70D land rigs, technical skill training for situ of drilling well operator, enhance the teaching, training sense of reality and efficiency, the training cycle is shortened, result of training is improved, reduces training cost.

Description

A kind of operation of teacher platform of land rig installation operation simulation system

Technical field

The invention belongs to rig simulation system field, more particularly to a kind of teacher of land drilling installation operation simulation system Operating desk.

Background technology

As China Petroleum Technology and Development Corporation business globalizes, rig business various regions all over the world, developing country is Through as company staple market.With outlet rig quantity increase, the accident occurred during rig use is also more and more, gently Then equipment is caused damage, influences manufacturing schedule, brings economic loss, it is heavy then lead to serious accident, cause casualties. The major accident several times particularly occurred abroad during the resettlement and use of rig, development and image to company cause not Good influence.Rig belongs to engineering machinery, and the safety in production of engineering machinery not only directly affects the service life of machinery, and relation To personnel and the safety of property.According to the investigation of Japanese labor science research institute, machinery caused by due to operator's error Security incident will account for the 88% of total number of accident, and accident caused by odjective cause only accounts for 9%, remaining 2% for it is irresistible the reason for, Cause of accident fails to understand that person only accounts for 1%.As can be seen here, 97% in engineering machinery security incident can take preventive measures. And 90 percent in these accidents is above is because operating personnel do not grasp correct application method and operate lack of standardization Caused by.In Latin America, Africa and Central Asia etc., country is due to the limitation of cultural difference and technical merit, wellsite facility installation, dismounting During the problem of it is especially prominent.

, it is necessary to which wellsite facility such as base, derrick, slush pump, preventer group etc. are dismantled after the completion of drilling well, carry To other situ of drilling well, and installed, to start new drillng operation.During equipment installation and removal, it is necessary to abide by Certain operational procedure and technical key point are followed, just can guarantee that the correct installation, correct dismounting and safe handling of equipment.

However, the operational procedure of equipment user and technical key point are mainly the specification and training provided by producer at present Instruction obtains, and operative skill is then to lean on the accumulation of experience and teaching for master worker, and these modes often have problems with：

Practice opportunity is limited, it is difficult to improves technical level：Due to the particularity of drillng operation, the dismounting of drilling equipment and peace Some months is often wanted in the work such as dress, or even 1 year is just carried out once, and operating personnel are difficult to accumulate various experiences by practical operation. In addition, in equipment installation, unloading process, accident odds is relatively small, and individual extremely has to the process experience of accident Limit, judgement, disposal ability to accident are difficult accumulation and raising in the production activity of reality.Once burst accident, often by In lacking experience and disposal ability, the great loss of lives and property is caused.

Traditional technical manual, operational manual content are scattered, and it is inconvenient to consult.Some complicated operating process are difficult to use Word description understands, the difference that individual understands in addition, most probably causes maloperation and accident to occur.How equipment user is improved Level of skill, the device damage caused by misoperation is avoided, reduces accident, be that company must solve at present urgent asks Topic.

The content of the invention

The invention provides a kind of operation of teacher platform of land drilling installation operation simulation system, land rig installation operation Simulation system includes：Driller's operating desk, rig model, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain projection display system.

Driller's operating desk includes cabinet, internal control plate and Parameters Computer, and the front of described cabinet is grasped provided with driller Make platform front control panel, a side of cabinet is provided with driller's operating desk side control panel, and another side of cabinet is set There is top to drive Mechanical course panel and buffer the control panel of fluid cylinder.Wherein it is provided with the control panel of driller's operating desk front Power knob, power on button, air horn switch, anti-collision release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping Device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for brake cylinder clutch, input shaft is used to brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, Pneumatic spinner controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and tight Anxious brake switch；Also include display table group, wherein the display table group includes bleed pressure table, cooling water pressure table, winch oil pressure Table, rotating disk oil pressure gauge, rotary torque indicator, Pump pressure meter, tong torque meter, left pincers torque meter, right pincers torque meter, safety tongs pressure Table, cat head pressure gauge, drilling torque table, revolution counter, rotating disk ammeter, backset pressure gauge and pulleying pressure gauge；Driller operates Assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button are set on the control panel of platform side, test scram button, by PLC/ Way switch, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, 2 Number mud switch pump, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch；

The internal control plate of driller's operating desk is programmable including the first programmable controller PLC of driller's operating desk 1 and second Controller PLC2, above-mentioned programmable controller PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data to be communicated using RS232 agreements, wherein The CPU module of first programmable controller PLC 1 is switched with power knob, power on button, air horn, is anti-respectively by A/D modules Touch release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for brake cylinder clutch, Input shaft be used to brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, pneumatic spinner controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, Oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch connection, it is defeated by PLC switching value Inbound port is respectively with assigning switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electricity Magnetic vortex brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 slush pumps Switch, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch are attached；Each switch on driller's operating desk is gathered by PLC, Knob state is to simulate the elevating control of winch, and the rotating speed of rotating disk controls, the speed regulating control of slush pump；Gather winch clutch simultaneously Device position, winch gear, disk clutch position, rotating disk gear, pump control mechanism position, diesel engine power adjuster position；Prison The parameters such as suspending weight, the pressure of the drill, rig bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration are surveyed, are made by PLC control Obtain driller's operating desk and realize the lift control to derrick/base, the rotating speed control to boring disk and the speed regulating control to slush pump.

Wherein top is driven and is provided with scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button, suspension ring on Mechanical course panel Revolution selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring tilt selection and opened Close, brake selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation Selecting switch；Buffer and left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder are provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder Stretching/retraction joystick；The CPU module of wherein the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operating desk is led to Cross A/D modules to be connected with scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button respectively, pass through PLC On-off signal end Mouth turns round selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring with suspension ring respectively Inclination selecting switch, brake selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operation selection are opened Close, direction of rotation selecting switch is attached and top drive is controlled with realizing.

Wherein buffer and left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and liquid are provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder Cylinder stretches out/retracted joystick；The wherein CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operating desk Handle, fluid cylinder pressure is selected to select handle and fluid cylinder to stretch out/retract joystick and connect with left and right fluid cylinder respectively by A/D modules Connect to be controlled to buffering fluid cylinder.

Parameters Computer as distributed host computer complete whole system data acquisition and control, main control computer and Graphic computer completes the execution of system main program and the processing and display of ring curtain figure, and each computer passes through ICP/IP protocol Interconnection.Front end data acquisition and control between driller's operating desk and rig model are completed by SIEMENS S7-200PLC, and even Connect and form Siemens's PPI networks.PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data uses RS232 agreements.Wherein the Parameters Computer has Complete after PLC obtains front end hardware information, send information to the communication module of main control computer, wherein communication module will also The information that main control computer sends over is transferred to front end hardware by PLC and shown.

Rig model includes derrick model and substructure model, and derrick model includes derrick and derrick core control machine.Wherein Derrick is open front type derrick, is made up of main body, A-frame and annex, and annex mainly has quadruple board platform, dead line stabilizer, cage ladder. Derrick main body is by epimere, lower-left section and bottom right section in upper left section, upper right section, left epimere, the right side and back of the body crossbeam, brace, connection Frame forms an open front shaped steel frame structure, and the adjustment of main body, which is fixed, to be completed by two bayonet locks.A-frame is by before left and right The portal structures of the composition such as leg, left and right back leg and crossbeam, derrick is put and rests against for rising.Jack up unit is by big lifting rope, high branch Frame, low trestle and hook block support composition.Derrick uses A-frame raising mode, by the power of drilling floor surface winch, passes through Fast line, hook pull big lifting rope, realize derrick lifting, in order to making derrick smoothly by being placed on A-frame during derrick lifting On, while and can makes derrick center of gravity move forward when transferring derrick, so as to be fallen by derrick dead weight, is provided with A-frame slow Flushing device, flexible by buffer unit are realized.

Derrick core control machine is directly controlled on driller's operating desk from siemens PLC series Programmable logic Controller (PLC) Physical quantity corresponding to operation button, it is each to winch console and front end by teacher's control machine using Parameters Computer as host computer PLC module is managed collectively.Whole system forms a resource-sharing, the dcs of task sharing.Each control Communication between platform uses the special PPI communications protocol of Siemens.

Substructure model includes base and base core control machine, and its center base is mainly by base body, jack up unit, hydraulic pressure Buffer unit forms, and base uses the motion principle of parallel-crank mechanism, it is achieved thereby that the low level installation of high countertop fixture. Using winch power, make base from low level integral lifting to operating position using hook block.Base body is divided into upper, middle and lower Three layers：Upper strata is drilling floor surface part, for installing the equipment of drilling floor surface, is connected and formed by pin, lower floor is pedestal base portion Point, connect into left and right two parts with pin respectively with pedestal behind the right side by pedestal before left front pedestal and left back pedestal, the right side.It is left and right Connecting elements between two parts has tie-beam, link and diagonal brace.Intermediate layer is support section, between upper and lower layer, Play support drilling floor surface and rise and put base.Respectively by A-frame foreleg, A-frame back leg, front column, rear column, oblique column group Into being connected with pin with upper and lower layer.A-frame is made up of foreleg and back leg two parts, and one end of big lifting rope is fixed on herringbone On frame back leg, A-frame plays a part of support during whole base raising.Big lifting rope both ends are equipped with the collar, separately have 1 group of pulley for participating in raising is fixed on A-frame back leg.The drilling well model also includes protector group, wherein protector Group includes realizing the drilling derrick crownblock protector of drilling derrick crown block anti-collision function, realizes the excessive raising work(of anti-drilling derrick The excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick of energy, realize that the anti-drilling derrick of the excessive lowering function of anti-drilling derrick excessively transfers dress Put, realize the excessive jack up unit of anti-rig substructure of the excessive lifting functions of anti-rig substructure, realize that anti-rig substructure is excessively transferred The excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure of function, realize that the anti-drilling machine hook of the excessive lowering function of anti-drilling machine hook excessively transfers dress Put.

Base core control machine is directly controlled on driller's operating desk from siemens PLC series Programmable logic Controller (PLC) Each physical quantity (should be each shift knob), using Parameters Computer as host computer, by teacher's control machine to winch control Each PLC module of platform processed and front end is managed collectively.Whole system forms a resource-sharing, the distributed AC servo system of task sharing System.Communication between each console uses the special PPI communications protocol of Siemens.

To realize the reusability of stimulating and training system, drilling machine derrick substructure model installs certain protection device, including Drilling derrick crownblock protector, the excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick, the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling derrick, anti-rig substructure Excessive jack up unit, the excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure, the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling machine hook.To realize rising for derrick base Rise and transfer and be controlled by driller's operating desk, system realizes winch function using stepper motor.

The main control computer of land rig installation operation stimulating and training system has to last for constantly carrying out with front end hardware Communication, to obtain the equipment state of front end, that is, obtain the operating process of trainee；The equipment for obtaining front end hardware in real time After state, handled by main control computer, drive pattern software produces the animation process synchronous with hardware device operation；Meanwhile Hardware corrected module is additionally provided with, the hardware that serial number is produced to such as knob, handle, foot throttle etc. is corrected, and has been met The use habit of user, artificial site operation feeling.

In a model, the foundation of all mathematical modelings and parameter determine, be all based on it is assumed hereinafter that：

1), drilling fluid annular space large rock-carrying ability Lc >=0.5；Annular space drilling cuttings concentration C a ＜ 0.09；Annular space fluidised form steadiness parameter value Z ≤ hole stability value Z values.

2), all general equation for drilling rate is built upon on the basis of the statistics drillability of stratum, and it reflects uneven quality The macroscopic law of layer drillability.Assume that the pressure of the drill index, rotating speed index, hydraulic parameters, the drilling fluid density that influence drilling speed are poor simultaneously It is the functional relation set up on the basis of the independent variable being independent of each other with these single factor tests such as formation macros.

3) when overflow, occurring in drilling well, it is equal that the aerating mud of the gentle body formation of mud of annular space is entered in the unit interval Even mixing.Under this assumption, we can regard the gas content in the mixing mud of unit volume as equal.

4) after, finding overflow, timely termination of pumping closing well is answered.Before borehole pressure balance, formation gas still can constantly be entered Enter in well.Thus, it is supposed that one section of continuous pure gas column is formed in well in stable this period from termination of pumping closing well to closing well；And In Well Killing Process, this continuous gas column is not destroyed.

5), gas meets Darcy's law from stratum into pit shaft.

If 6) it is, gas into the overflow in well, it assumes that to be expanded when gas overflow rises in annular space, its is expanded The Cheng Fuhe equations of gas state, and ignore gas slip phenomenon.

7), assume that the geothermal gradient in well is a constant, then：

Bottom hole temperature (BHT)=geothermal gradient × well depth+wellhead temperature.

Because this model is mainly used in simulation training, therefore, is calculating time, computational accuracy and clashed with the degree of accuracy When, in principle to protect based on the time, and excessively complicated mathematical modeling is subjected to appropriate simplification, but ensure the standard of qualitative aspect True property.

Operation of teacher platform has main control computer and graphic computer, and wherein the main control computer has main control module, should Main control module is used to be communicated with communication module, obtains hardware device state in real time；The main control computer also includes as follows The analogue means of multiple rig models：Rig model drilling process analogue means, rig model simulating overflow device, rig model Gas expansion analogue means, rig mold cycle calculation of pressure analogue means, rig model drilling tool lifting analogue means and brill The raising of drilling derrick/base of machine model/decentralization analogue means, wherein main control module also include following multiple simulation systems System：Device for raising/lowering operation for simulating land rig derrick/base, pull out of hole and lower brill for simulating land rig The device of operation, the device for simulating land rig drilling operation, the device for simulating the operation of land rig accident emergency.

Operation of teacher platform is mainly used in teacher and student's operational circumstances is monitored, and auto judge is carried out to operating result, Marking.Wherein main control computer is used for the execution for completing said system main program, and it includes being used to storing and setting analog parameter Module, the module for simulation process program, for controlling figure, calculating and drawing the module of kill-job curve, for achievement Evaluation and student management module, gather headend equipment parameter module, control front-end control platform on display instrument module with And executing agency.Graphic computer is used for the processing and display of ring curtain figure, is interconnected between the two by ICP/IP protocol.

Triple channel ring curtain projection display system includes：Projector, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine.It is wherein described Projector is three Tai Zhengtou projectors, and three projectors, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine form Fusion Edges Optical projection system.Include Geometry rectification module, Fusion Edges module, color correction module in image co-registration machine.Wherein image melts Image information caused by graphic computer is distributed to three projecting apparatus by conjunction machine, and carries out Fusion Edges.The Fusion Edges skill Art is exactly that the picture for one group of projector carries out imbricate, and by integration technology show one without gap, More bright, super large, the entire picture of ultrahigh resolution, the effect of picture are such as both the picture of a projector.When two During Tai Huoduotai projectors combination one width picture of projection, some image overlap is understood, the main function of Fusion Edges is exactly The lamplight brightness of Liang Tai projectors lap is gradually turned down, makes the brightness of entire picture consistent.

Wherein Geometry rectification module includes：The Geometry rectification module is used for the geometry for correcting projects images, to protect Card Fusion Edges control adapts to a variety of screen configurations, preferably plane configuration, cylinder configuration or spherical configuration, makes to project curtain On picture without geometric distortion.The Geometry rectification module includes following submodules：Utilize longitude and latitude locating module and laser array Sterically defined module is carried out to annular projection's curtain in a manner of dot matrix；Pass through the graphics management output of computer and annular projection Space laser dot-matrix forms the module of equally spaced standard grid on curtain；By intelligent successive acquisitions projected image and input calculating Machine, and Auto-matching is carried out so as to draw projector image with throwing by the space laser dot matrix on projection screen and standard grid The module of shadow screen corresponding relation；The mould that nonlinear geometry correction is carried out to the image of output is realized using above-mentioned corresponding relation Block.

Wherein Fusion Edges module includes：For dividing the image into the image segmentation module of some regular figures, so that Some regular figures are projected by three projectors respectively, wherein the adjacent pattern edge for being divided into some regular figures is mutual The width of lap figure is that the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge appears in segmentation simultaneously within the 5% of correspondingly-sized The edge of adjacent pattern afterwards；For arranging the longitude and latitude locating module of crisscross warp and weft on the entire image, its Make the color of the warp and weft in each regular figure different, and utilize three projectors by some rule after segmentation Then figure is projected, and regulation projector makes the warp in the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge, and parallel is completed overlapping；Gray scale Adjustment module, the brightness Alpha values for adjusting different projectors are 100% white image, by the photosensitive camera of gray scale to non- Overlapping visuals carries out photoreceptor signal collection, and it is α to set its gray scale, by under the brightness of the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge Adjust, until overlapping gray scale β and non-overlapped figure gray scale are equal or error is gone forward side by side less than 0.5%, then by different projectors one Row projection；

Wherein color correction module includes：Different projecting apparatus are measured when projecting same brightness color using smart camera The module of caused intrinsic brilliance, the photo shot under different brightness is handled to show that the color of every projecting apparatus is reflected Penetrate the module of relation；Before every projector is shown, the color table of different screen is set, produce the mapping of color value so that The similar module of same color that different projector projects go out.

Wherein, above-mentioned projector is high-resolution projector, and above-mentioned engineering annular projection curtain can be that LED/LCD annulars are aobvious Display screen.

Land rig installation operation simulation system can also be simulated to accident and complex situations, main analog drilling well Common failure and complex situations in journey.Main control computer produces accident, it is desirable to the phenomenon that trainee is gone out by model reaction Judge accident pattern, and correct process accident.The accident of main analog has：Adhere to bit freezing simulated technological process, sand setting bit freezing analog stream Journey, balling-up sticking simulated technological process, die nipple salvage simulated technological process, junk milling simulated technological process.Its technological process such as Figure 20 to Figure 24 It is shown.

According to the critical piece of above-mentioned land rig installation operation simulation system, the generation method of its three-dimensional animation model is such as Under：

The first step, material collection, early stage, in rig builder the live collection for carrying out screen and photographic material, rig were real Each step of border installation carries out whole shooting by video camera；

Second step, modeling, 3D modeling work is carried out by the material collected；The size of model is fully according to actual rig The size equal proportion of object makes；In order to ensure quality of animation, model is refined；

3rd step, model action, after the completion of 3D modellings, according to installation steps and flow, proceeds by 3D models Action adjustment work, since first step draw base line figure, the installation of each object afterwards includes the action adjustment of crane, object The action adjustment of the animation and upper pin that are installed in place；

The gloss and color system of 4th step, model pinup picture and material, the textures of model and material fully according to true rig Make, ensure that each object is identical with actual conditions in animation, then assigns these materials on the model built up；

5th step, background are set, and rig infield selects to carry out in desert in animation, so having selected short rock And desert is as background；6th step, light is set, and in order to simulate the illumination under true environment, allows whole rig installation scenario Effect of shadow is truer, and the light permutation of exhibitions up to a hundred has been made in whole scene, for simulating the illumination of sky and the sun Irradiation；

7th step, camera lens are set, and the position of alignment lenses had both been presented to the part on screen for animation, in order to ensure to see clearly The installation process of each part, when camera lens is arranged to part, upper pin etc. that alignment is being installed tiny object, camera lens furthers Give feature；

8th step, integrate, complete material collection, modeling, model action, model pinup picture and material, background setting, light Set, after camera lens is set, whole scene is integrated together, both included since draw base line, and the installation of each part, arrived The overall process that the raising of last base finishes；

9th step, is rendered, and the scene integrated is started according to the camera lens set to be rendered to picture, the animation of one second 25 pictures are arranged to, photo resolution is arranged to 2560X768；Render machine for 60 server groups into render farm, pass through 24 hours continual to render, and renders within time-consuming 45 days and finishes, total renders fine picture 192000 and opened；

Tenth step, dub, background music and audio, dub and engage professional voice-over actor to be recorded, including each step peace Explanation when step and derrick lifting is filled, background music coordinates different installation steps, from the background music of different tunes；And In part lifting in place, sledgehammer strikes the positions such as pin and is equipped with corresponding audio；

11st step, later stage synthesis, 192000 pictures rendered are imported into synthesizer, complete screen is synthesized and moves Draw, add the Chinese and English subtitles of explanation, and will dub, background music and audio are simultaneously synthesizing into video；In order to ensure quality, The video format exported after synthesis is the avi file without compression, and whole file is 1.3TB；

12nd step, turn pressure as issue form, play for convenience, it is necessary to which original video files big 1.3TB are turned into pressure； It is arranged to 32000Kbps code checks, WMV8 forms, encoder FFmpeg；The definitive document turned after pressing is 29G；Play smoothness, Image quality is farthest protected.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the system hardware structure figure of the present invention

Fig. 2 is driller's operating desk front control panel front view of the present invention

Fig. 3 is driller's operating desk side control panel front view of the present invention

Drive Mechanical course panel front view in the top that Fig. 4 is the present invention

Fig. 5 is the operating desk control planning schematic diagram of the present invention

Fig. 6 is drilling derrick/substructure model fundamental diagram of the present invention

Fig. 7 is the control system overall construction drawing of the present invention

Fig. 8 is the derrick lifting process chart of the present invention

Fig. 9 is the base raising process chart of the present invention

The base that Figure 10 is the present invention transfers process chart

The derrick that Figure 11 is the present invention transfers process chart

Figure 12 is the normal lower brill process chart of the present invention

Figure 13 is the slacking off process chart of the present invention

Figure 14 is the normal trip-out process chart of the present invention

Clipping technique flow chart is met in the trip-out that Figure 15 is the present invention

The normal drilling that Figure 16 is the present invention connects column flow chart

Figure 17 suppresses the drilling flow chart jumped off for the present invention's

The high pressure formation that Figure 18 is the present invention creeps into flow chart

The low-pressure stratum that Figure 19 is the present invention creeps into flow chart

Figure 20 is the adhesion bit freezing modeling process chart of the present invention

Figure 21 is the sand setting bit freezing modeling process chart of the present invention

Figure 22 is the balling-up sticking modeling process chart of the present invention

The die nipple that Figure 23 is the present invention salvages modeling process chart

Figure 24 is the junk milling modeling process chart of the present invention

Embodiment

The invention provides a kind of operation of teacher platform of land drilling installation operation simulation system, land rig installation operation Simulation system includes：Driller's operating desk, rig model, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain projection display system.

Driller's operating desk includes cabinet, internal control plate and Parameters Computer, and the front of described cabinet is grasped provided with driller Make platform front control panel, a side of cabinet is provided with driller's operating desk side control panel, and another side of cabinet is set There is top to drive Mechanical course panel and buffer the control panel of fluid cylinder.Wherein it is provided with the control panel of driller's operating desk front Power knob 8, power on button 7, air horn switch 6, anti-collision release button 5, suspending weight trimmer valve 19, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve 17, tongs Torque damping device 14, standpipe pressure damper 15, drag for the used brake controlling switch of brake cylinder clutch, input shaft, shift control switch, cat Head controlling switch, pneumatic spinner controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, parking braking Switch and emergency stop switch；Also include display table group, wherein the display table group includes bleed pressure table 2, cooling water pressure Table, winch oil pressure gauge 3, rotating disk oil pressure gauge 4, rotary torque indicator 13, Pump pressure meter, tongs torque meter 16, left pincers pressure gauge 9, right pincers Torque meter 10, safety tongs pressure gauge 12, cat head pressure gauge 1, drilling torque table, revolution counter, weight indicator 18, rotating disk ammeter, lock Shelves pressure gauge and pulleying pressure gauge, concrete structure are arranged as shown in Figure 2；Assignment is set to open on the control panel of driller station side Pass, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electromagnetic eddy current brake are switched, turned Disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 mud switch pumps, No. 3 slush pumps are opened Close, low pressure alarm switch, concrete structure is arranged as shown in Figure 3；

The internal control plate of driller's operating desk is programmable including the first programmable controller PLC of driller's operating desk 1 and second Controller PLC2, above-mentioned programmable controller PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data to be communicated using RS232 agreements, wherein The CPU module of first programmable controller PLC 1 is switched with power knob, power on button, air horn, is anti-respectively by A/D modules Touch release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for brake cylinder clutch, Input shaft be used to brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, pneumatic spinner controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, Oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch connection, it is defeated by PLC switching value Inbound port is respectively with assigning switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electricity Magnetic vortex brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 slush pumps Switch, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch are attached；Each switch on driller's operating desk is gathered by PLC, Knob state is to simulate the elevating control of winch, and the rotating speed of rotating disk controls, the speed regulating control of slush pump；Gather winch clutch simultaneously Device position, winch gear, disk clutch position, rotating disk gear, pump control mechanism position, diesel engine power adjuster position；Prison The parameters such as suspending weight, the pressure of the drill, rig bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration are surveyed, are made by PLC control Obtain driller's operating desk and realize the lift control to derrick/base, the rotating speed control to boring disk and the speed regulating control to slush pump.

Wherein top is driven and is provided with scram button 60, suspension ring middle position button 82, reset/mute button on Mechanical course panel 70th, suspension ring revolution selecting switch 83, inner blowout preventer switch 87, hydraulic pressure switch pump 61, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch 64, Suspension ring tilt selecting switch 66, brake selecting switch 68, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch 65, selection of Motor switch 67, Operating selection switch 69, direction of rotation selecting switch 71；Buffer be provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, Fluid cylinder pressure selects handle and fluid cylinder stretches out/retracted joystick, and concrete structure is arranged as shown in Figure 4；Wherein front end is grasped Make the CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of platform by A/D modules respectively with scram button, suspension ring Middle position button, reset/mute button connection, selecting switch, interior anti-is turned round with suspension ring by PLC On-off signal port respectively Spray apparatus switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring tilt selecting switch, brake selecting switch, auxiliary Help Operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation selecting switch to be attached with Realize and top drive is controlled.

Wherein buffer and left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and liquid are provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder Cylinder stretches out/retracted joystick；The wherein CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operating desk Handle, fluid cylinder pressure is selected to select handle and fluid cylinder to stretch out/retract joystick and connect with left and right fluid cylinder respectively by A/D modules Connect to be controlled to buffering fluid cylinder.

Parameters Computer as distributed host computer complete whole system data acquisition and control, main control computer and Graphic computer completes the execution of system main program and the processing and display of ring curtain figure, and each computer passes through ICP/IP protocol Interconnection.Front end data acquisition and control between driller's operating desk and rig model are completed by SIEMENS S7-200PLC, and even Connect and form Siemens's PPI networks.PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data uses RS232 agreements.Wherein the Parameters Computer has Complete after PLC obtains front end hardware information, send information to the communication module of main control computer, wherein communication module will also The information that main control computer sends over is transferred to front end hardware by PLC and shown.

Rig model includes derrick model and substructure model, and derrick model includes derrick and derrick core control machine.Wherein Derrick is open front type derrick, is made up of main body, A-frame and annex, and annex mainly has quadruple board platform, dead line stabilizer, cage ladder. Derrick main body is by epimere, lower-left section and bottom right section in upper left section, upper right section, left epimere, the right side and back of the body crossbeam, brace, connection Frame forms an open front shaped steel frame structure, and the adjustment of main body, which is fixed, to be completed by two bayonet locks.A-frame is by before left and right The portal structures of the composition such as leg, left and right back leg and crossbeam, derrick is put and rests against for rising.Jack up unit is by big lifting rope, high branch Frame, low trestle and hook block support composition.Derrick uses A-frame raising mode, by the power of drilling floor surface winch, passes through Fast line, hook pull big lifting rope, realize derrick lifting, in order to making derrick smoothly by being placed on A-frame during derrick lifting On, while and can makes derrick center of gravity move forward when transferring derrick, so as to be fallen by derrick dead weight, is provided with A-frame slow Flushing device, flexible by buffer unit are realized.

Derrick core control machine is directly controlled on driller's operating desk from siemens PLC series Programmable logic Controller (PLC) Physical quantity corresponding to operation button, it is each to winch console and front end by teacher's control machine using Parameters Computer as host computer PLC module is managed collectively.Whole system forms a resource-sharing, the dcs of task sharing.Each control Communication between platform uses the special PPI communications protocol of Siemens.

Substructure model includes base and base core control machine, and its center base is mainly by base body, jack up unit, hydraulic pressure Buffer unit forms, and base uses the motion principle of parallel-crank mechanism, it is achieved thereby that the low level installation of high countertop fixture. Using winch power, make base from low level integral lifting to operating position using hook block.Base body is divided into upper, middle and lower Three layers：Upper strata is drilling floor surface part, for installing the equipment of drilling floor surface, is connected and formed by pin, lower floor is pedestal base portion Point, connect into left and right two parts with pin respectively with pedestal behind the right side by pedestal before left front pedestal and left back pedestal, the right side.It is left and right Connecting elements between two parts has tie-beam, link and diagonal brace.Intermediate layer is support section, between upper and lower layer, Play support drilling floor surface and rise and put base.Respectively by A-frame foreleg, A-frame back leg, front column, rear column, oblique column group Into being connected with pin with upper and lower layer.A-frame is made up of foreleg and back leg two parts, and one end of big lifting rope is fixed on herringbone On frame back leg, A-frame plays a part of support during whole base raising.Big lifting rope both ends are equipped with the collar, separately have 1 group of pulley for participating in raising is fixed on A-frame back leg.The drilling well model also includes protector group, wherein protector Group includes realizing the drilling derrick crownblock protector of drilling derrick crown block anti-collision function, realizes the excessive raising work(of anti-drilling derrick The excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick of energy, realize that the anti-drilling derrick of the excessive lowering function of anti-drilling derrick excessively transfers dress Put, realize the excessive jack up unit of anti-rig substructure of the excessive lifting functions of anti-rig substructure, realize that anti-rig substructure is excessively transferred The excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure of function, realize that the anti-drilling machine hook of the excessive lowering function of anti-drilling machine hook excessively transfers dress Put.

Base core control machine is directly controlled on driller's operating desk from siemens PLC series Programmable logic Controller (PLC) Each physical quantity (should be each shift knob), using Parameters Computer as host computer, by teacher's control machine to winch control Each PLC module of platform processed and front end is managed collectively.Whole system forms a resource-sharing, the distributed AC servo system of task sharing System.Communication between each console uses the special PPI communications protocol of Siemens.

To realize the reusability of stimulating and training system, drilling machine derrick substructure model installs certain protection device, including Drilling derrick crownblock protector, the excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick, the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling derrick, anti-rig substructure Excessive jack up unit, the excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure, the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling machine hook.To realize rising for derrick base Rise and transfer and be controlled by driller's operating desk, system realizes winch function using stepper motor.

The main control computer of land rig installation operation stimulating and training system has to last for constantly carrying out with front end hardware Communication, to obtain the equipment state of front end, that is, obtain the operating process of trainee；The equipment for obtaining front end hardware in real time After state, handled by main control computer, drive pattern software produces the animation process synchronous with hardware device operation；Meanwhile Hardware corrected module is additionally provided with, the hardware that serial number is produced to such as knob, handle, foot throttle etc. is corrected, and has been met The use habit of user, artificial site operation feeling.

In a model, the foundation of all mathematical modelings and parameter determine, be all based on it is assumed hereinafter that：

1), drilling fluid annular space large rock-carrying ability Lc >=0.5；Annular space drilling cuttings concentration C a ＜ 0.09；Annular space fluidised form steadiness parameter value Z ≤ hole stability value Z values.

2), all general equation for drilling rate is built upon on the basis of the statistics drillability of stratum, and it reflects uneven quality The macroscopic law of layer drillability.Assume that the pressure of the drill index, rotating speed index, hydraulic parameters, the drilling fluid density that influence drilling speed are poor simultaneously It is the functional relation set up on the basis of the independent variable being independent of each other with these single factor tests such as formation macros.

3) when overflow, occurring in drilling well, it is equal that the aerating mud of the gentle body formation of mud of annular space is entered in the unit interval Even mixing.Under this assumption, we can regard the gas content in the mixing mud of unit volume as equal.

4) after, finding overflow, timely termination of pumping closing well is answered.Before borehole pressure balance, formation gas still can constantly be entered Enter in well.Thus, it is supposed that one section of continuous pure gas column is formed in well in stable this period from termination of pumping closing well to closing well；And In Well Killing Process, this continuous gas column is not destroyed.

5), gas meets Darcy's law from stratum into pit shaft.

If 6) it is, gas into the overflow in well, it assumes that to be expanded when gas overflow rises in annular space, its is expanded The Cheng Fuhe equations of gas state, and ignore gas slip phenomenon.

7), assume that the geothermal gradient in well is a constant, then：

Bottom hole temperature (BHT)=geothermal gradient × well depth+wellhead temperature.

Because this model is mainly used in simulation training, therefore, is calculating time, computational accuracy and clashed with the degree of accuracy When, in principle to protect based on the time, and excessively complicated mathematical modeling is subjected to appropriate simplification, but ensure the standard of qualitative aspect True property.

(1) drilling process model

1), equation for drilling rate

In formula：

A-- the pressure of the drill indexes

B-- rotating speed indexes

C-- strata pressure indexes

D-- drilling fluid density difference coefficients

k_d-- stratum statistics drillability (k_d=0.00165H+0.635)

W-- is than the pressure of the drill (KN/mm)

N-- rotating speeds (rpm)

H_EI-- effective drill bit is than water-horse power (kw/mm²)

ρ_m-- actual or design mud density (g/cm³)

ρ_p-- strata pressure equal yield density (g/cm³)

V-- rate of penetrations (m/h)

2), calculating of effective drill bit than water-horse power

In formula：

H_El-- effective drill bit is than water-horse power (kw/mm²)

ρ_m-- actual or design mud density (g/cm³)

Q-- discharge capacities, liter/second

D_b-- bit diameter, centimetre

d_e-- nozzle equivalent diameter, centimetre

(j₁, j₂, j₃Nozzle diameter, centimetre)

(2) overflow model

1), flooding process is simulated

During generation overflow, the gas flow entered from stratum in pit shaft increases, and bottom pressure will constantly reduce, and gas enters Speed will be continuously increased, and the change of all parameters is all the continuous function of time during being somebody's turn to do.It is if therefore, fairly small at one Time interval Δ t in, air inflow meets quadratic linear equation.

(1) gas flow calculates

In formula：

Q_gs-- corresponding to P_bStandard state under gas flow amount, m3/s

P_P, P_b-- stratum, shaft bottom effective pressure, kPa

C-- seepage coefficients, 3/ kPa of second (0.2) of rice

Within the j moment Δ t times：

(2) every section of mixture length Δ H_mi×(j)(j=1,2,3 ... ... n-1)

ΔH_mi×(j)={ Q [P_(j)-P_(j-1)]+U_jQ_gs(j)ln[P_(j)/P_(j-1)]}/(gρQ)

In formula：

Q-- mud displacements, m3/s

KPa

P_(j)-- jth section mixture base pressure, kPa

P_(j-1)-- jth section mixture top pressure, kPa

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter

G-- acceleration of gravity, meter per second 2

(3) annular space mixture total length

(4) spillway discharge in well

(5) every section of mixture density determines

In formula：

-- mud volume fraction in mixture,

A_a-- the overflow segment annular space cross-sectional area, millimeter 2

-- natural-gas integration amount in mixture,

ρ_g-- natural gas density, grams per cubic centimter

Because ρ_gMuch smaller than ρ, institute's above formula is rewritable to be：

2), closing well flooding process is simulated

Closing well process is actually the process that bottom pressure recovers.During firm closing well, it is laminated due to bottom pressure lack of equilibrium Power, formation fluid will also go successively to pit shaft, and the gases at high pressure of entrance compress mineshaft annulus mixture, make casing pressure and standpipe pressure Power is continuously increased.With the extension of closed-in time, bottom pressure gradually increases, and formation fluid admission velocity gradually decreases, until Last bottom pressure equilibrium strata pressure.During closing well, either pit shaft or stratum, all parameters are all the functions of time. Because the mathematical modeling and its computational methods that describe this process are very complicated, it is not described in detail here.After only providing closing well stabilization below The relevant parameter calculation formulas such as shaft bottom mixture length.

(1) shaft bottom mixture length after closing well is stable

In formula：

Δ P=g ρ Q Δs t/A_a

Divide the hop count of mixture in n-- annular spaces

(2) length of the pure gas column in shaft bottom after closing well is stable

H_mix(n+1)=H_mixO-H_mix(n)

(3) gas expansion model

1), the equation of gas state

In formula：

P_s-- the pressure under standard state, kPa

Reduced pressure：

Reduced temperature：

Above formula is an implicit form, and it is relatively difficult to be expressed the compressed coefficient with an accurate expression formula , the compressed coefficient can be obtained with trial and error procedure, its solution is：First assume an initial compression factor Z₀, calculate P_r、T_r, then ask Go out W, finally calculate Z again, if | Z-Z₀(ε is precision to |≤ε, is typically taken 0.0001), then illustrates the Z assumed₀It is exactly required Compressibility factor；If | Z-Z₀| ＞ ε, then illustrate to need to assume Z again₀, then calculate Z.Until | Z-Z₀Untill |≤ε meets.

(4) circulating pressure computation model

1), drill bit pressure consumption

In formula：

P_b-- bit pressuredrop, MPa；

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter；

Q-- passes through the mud displacement of bit nozzle, liter/second；

A₀-- jet area is accumulated, and centimetres 2

C-- nozzle orifice coeficients (0.98)

2), drilling rod internal pressure consumes：

In formula：

P_l-- drilling rod internal pressure consumes, Mpa；

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

V_s-- the volume under standard state, rice 3

Z_s-- the compressed coefficient under standard state

T_s-- the temperature under standard state, ° K

P-- pressure, kPa

V-- gas volumes, rice 3

T-- temperature, ° K

Z-- is T in temperature, and pressure is the compressed coefficient under conditions of P

As long as we are aware of the pressure at certain moment, temperature and the compressed coefficient, it is possible to try to achieve gas volume now.

2), gas overflow weight caused pressure in annular space

According to gas, gas weight is constant in uphill process in annular space, and gas column is tried to achieve in kill-job with the equation of gas state The density at moment is：

In formula：ρ_s, P_s, T_s, Z_s-- the gas density under standard state, pressure, temperature and the compressed coefficient, T are represented respectively_x-- Gas rises to a certain moment gas column midpoint formation temperature, ° K

Then pressure caused by gas column weight is：

Gas is highly used into gas volume V_x(rice 3) and cross-sectional area A_a(rice 3) represents, then：

A in formula_aThe cross-sectional area of annular space section, change where gas；But, can be by A for convenience of calculation_aValue The average traversal area of whole annular space is taken as, then pressure caused by gas weight is a constant.Because of the value sheet of this pressure To be exactly very little, caused error can be disregarded after so simplifying processing.

3), gas compressive coefficient

Kenneth is quoted, after the formula that R.Hall is proposed is simplified, obtains following calculation formula to seek Z_xValue：

In formula：

D-- drilling rod internal diameters, centimetre；

B-- constants, internal flush drill pipe B=0.51655

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_p-- drilling rod overall length, rice.

3), drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption

In formula：

P_l-- drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption, Mpa；

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

D, D₀-- hole diameter and drilling rod external diameter, centimetre；

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_p-- drilling rod overall length, rice.

4), pressure consumption inside drill collar

In formula：

P_l-- pressure consumption, Mpa inside drill collar；

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

d_c-- drill collar internal diameter, centimetre；

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_c-- drill collar total length, rice.

5), the outer annular pressure lost of drill collar

In formula：

P_l-- drill collar outer ring space pressure consumption, Mpa；

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

D, D_c-- hole diameter and drill collar external diameter, centimetre；

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_c-- drill collar total length, rice.

(5) drilling tool lifting model

1) drill string force model when, making a trip

Pull out of hole：

Lower brill：

In formula：

F-- hook lifting force newton

F_m-- frictional force caused by brake lever (or brake force) newton

F_f-- buoyancy newton

F_f=ρ (∑ q_il_i)ρ_a

The acceleration meter per second 2 of a-- drill strings

q_i-- the unit mass kg/m of drill string

l_i-- the length meter of certain section of drill string

ρ -- mud density grams per cubic centimter

ρ_a-- certain section of drill string density grams per cubic centimter

F_k-- frictional force newton of the drill string in well

G-- acceleration of gravity meter per second 2

2) rate pattern is lifted when, making a trip

V_pt(i)=V_pt(i-1)+aΔt

In formula：

Δ t-- takes time step, second when calculating

V_pt(i)--t_(i)Moment drill string speed, meter per second

The effect of brake lever is to produce a frictional force, and to prevent the motion of drill string in well, therefore, brake lever effect is considered Between 0~1, i.e., when brake lever is fully depressed by, its brake lever act as 1, represents to stop winch extremely；When brake lever lifts completely, its Brake lever act as 0, represents brake strap being totally released.(braking action is exactly brake strap with stopping to this braking action between 0~1 Frictional force caused by car drum) meet winch brake drum friction model.

(6) raising of drilling derrick/base/decentralization model

Derrick lifting transfers model

Derrick lifting force analysis：During derrick lifting, overall rotated around bottom coercive mechanism 0 rises, and overall force analysis is such as Under：

2F (b+c)+Pa=G₁·L₁·cos(α+α₁)+G₂·L₂·cos(α+α₂)

In formula：

A-- is the arm of force of the fast line pull to pivot point 0

B, c-- is respectively the arm of force of the A-frame pulley both sides big lifting rope pulling force to fulcrum 0

L₁、L₂-- the distance of derrick center of gravity and overhead traveling crane center of gravity to fulcrum 0

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

α₁-- for derrick center of gravity and the angle of the line of fulcrum 0 and contour line below derrick

α₂-- for overhead traveling crane center of gravity and the angle of the line of fulcrum 0 and contour line below derrick

G₁-- conduct oneself with dignity for derrick

G₂-- conduct oneself with dignity for overhead traveling crane

P-- is fast line pull

F-- is big lifting rope pulling force

1. arm of force b is calculated with playing lift angle α relational expression：Jack up unit is wherein reduced to a planar motion mechanism, herringbone Frame pulley is reduced to a fixed point.

In formula：

S₁、S₂-- it is structure preset parameter

When A-- keeps flat for derrick, the angle between big lifting rope

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

2. arm of force c is calculated with playing lift angle α relational expression：Derrick side leading block is reduced to a fixed point.

In formula：

S₃-- it is structure preset parameter

When B-- keeps flat for derrick, the angle between big lifting rope

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

3. arm of force a is calculated with playing lift angle α relational expression：Derrick side leading block is reduced to a fixed point.

In formula：

S₄、S₅-- it is structure preset parameter

When C-- keeps flat for derrick, the angle between big lifting rope

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0-90 degree)

4. big lifting rope pulling force F, fast line pull P are calculated with playing lift angle α relational expression：As primary Calculation, sky have ignored Between low-angle, the deformation of rope and tourist bus, the gravity of hook.

In formula：

F-- is big lifting rope pulling force F

P-- is fast line pull

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

L-- be derrick lifting to α angles when, the length of this section of big lifting rope

H-- is vertical height of the derrick top to ground

S₁、S₂-- it is structure preset parameter

5. lifting force P is calculated with playing lift angle α relational expression：

In formula：

G₁-- conduct oneself with dignity for derrick

G₂-- conduct oneself with dignity for overhead traveling crane

P-- is fast line pull

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0-90 degree)

L-- be derrick lifting to α angles when, the length of this section of big lifting rope

H-- is vertical height of the derrick top to ground

S₁、S₂、S₃、S₄、S₅-- it is structure preset parameter.

Operation of teacher platform has main control computer and graphic computer, and wherein the main control computer has main control module, should Main control module is used to be communicated with communication module, obtains hardware device state in real time；The main control computer also includes as follows The analogue means of multiple rig models：Rig model drilling process analogue means, rig model simulating overflow device, rig model Gas expansion analogue means, rig mold cycle calculation of pressure analogue means, rig model drilling tool lifting analogue means and brill The raising of drilling derrick/base of machine model/decentralization analogue means, wherein main control module also include following multiple simulation systems System：Device for raising/lowering operation for simulating land rig derrick/base, pull out of hole and lower brill for simulating land rig The device of operation, the device for simulating land rig drilling operation, the device for simulating the operation of land rig accident emergency.

Operation of teacher platform is mainly used in teacher and student's operational circumstances is monitored, and auto judge is carried out to operating result, Marking.Wherein main control computer is used for the execution for completing said system main program, and it includes being used to storing and setting analog parameter Module, the module for simulation process program, for controlling figure, calculating and drawing the module of kill-job curve, for achievement Evaluation and student management module, gather headend equipment parameter module, control front-end control platform on display instrument module with And executing agency.Graphic computer is used for the processing and display of ring curtain figure, is interconnected between the two by ICP/IP protocol.

Triple channel ring curtain projection display system includes：Projector, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine.It is wherein described Projector is three Tai Zhengtou projectors, and three projectors, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine form Fusion Edges Optical projection system.Include Geometry rectification module, Fusion Edges module, color correction module in image co-registration machine.Wherein image melts Image information caused by graphic computer is distributed to three projecting apparatus by conjunction machine, and carries out Fusion Edges.The Fusion Edges skill Art is exactly that the picture for one group of projector carries out imbricate, and by integration technology show one without gap, More bright, super large, the entire picture of ultrahigh resolution, the effect of picture are such as both the picture of a projector.When two During Tai Huoduotai projectors combination one width picture of projection, some image overlap is understood, the main function of Fusion Edges is exactly The lamplight brightness of Liang Tai projectors lap is gradually turned down, makes the brightness of entire picture consistent.

Wherein Geometry rectification module includes：The Geometry rectification module is used for the geometry for correcting projects images, to protect Card Fusion Edges control adapts to a variety of screen configurations, preferably plane configuration, cylinder configuration or spherical configuration, makes to project curtain On picture without geometric distortion.The Geometry rectification module includes following submodules：Utilize longitude and latitude locating module and laser array Sterically defined module is carried out to annular projection's curtain in a manner of dot matrix；Pass through the graphics management output of computer and annular projection Space laser dot-matrix forms the module of equally spaced standard grid on curtain；By intelligent successive acquisitions projected image and input calculating Machine, and Auto-matching is carried out so as to draw projector image with throwing by the space laser dot matrix on projection screen and standard grid The module of shadow screen corresponding relation；The mould that nonlinear geometry correction is carried out to the image of output is realized using above-mentioned corresponding relation Block.

Wherein Fusion Edges module includes：For dividing the image into the image segmentation module of some regular figures, so that Some regular figures are projected by three projectors respectively, wherein the adjacent pattern edge for being divided into some regular figures is mutual The width of lap figure is that the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge appears in segmentation simultaneously within the 5% of correspondingly-sized The edge of adjacent pattern afterwards；For arranging the longitude and latitude locating module of crisscross warp and weft on the entire image, its Make the color of the warp and weft in each regular figure different, and utilize three projectors by some rule after segmentation Then figure is projected, and regulation projector makes the warp in the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge, and parallel is completed overlapping；Gray scale Adjustment module, the brightness Alpha values for adjusting different projectors are 100% white image, by the photosensitive camera of gray scale to non- Overlapping visuals carries out photoreceptor signal collection, and it is α to set its gray scale, by under the brightness of the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge Adjust, until overlapping gray scale β and non-overlapped figure gray scale are equal or error is gone forward side by side less than 0.5%, then by different projectors one Row projection；

Wherein color correction module includes：Different projecting apparatus are measured when projecting same brightness color using smart camera The module of caused intrinsic brilliance, the photo shot under different brightness is handled to show that the color of every projecting apparatus is reflected Penetrate the module of relation；Before every projector is shown, the color table of different screen is set, produce the mapping of color value so that The similar module of same color that different projector projects go out.

Wherein, above-mentioned projector is high-resolution projector, and above-mentioned engineering annular projection curtain can be that LED/LCD annulars are aobvious Display screen.

Land rig installation operation simulation system can also be simulated to accident and complex situations, main analog drilling well Common failure and complex situations in journey.Main control computer produces accident, it is desirable to the phenomenon that trainee is gone out by model reaction Judge accident pattern, and correct process accident.The accident of main analog has：Adhere to bit freezing simulated technological process, sand setting bit freezing analog stream Journey, balling-up sticking simulated technological process, die nipple salvage simulated technological process, junk milling simulated technological process.Its technological process such as Figure 20 to Figure 24 It is shown.

According to the critical piece of above-mentioned land rig installation operation simulation system, the generation method of its three-dimensional animation model is such as Under：

The first step, material collection, early stage, in rig builder the live collection for carrying out screen and photographic material, rig were real Each step of border installation carries out whole shooting by video camera；

Second step, modeling, 3D modeling work is carried out by the material collected；The size of model is fully according to actual rig The size equal proportion of object makes；In order to ensure quality of animation, model is refined；

3rd step, model action, after the completion of 3D modellings, according to installation steps and flow, proceeds by 3D models Action adjustment work, since first step draw base line figure, the installation of each object afterwards includes the action adjustment of crane, object The action adjustment of the animation and upper pin that are installed in place；

The gloss and color system of 4th step, model pinup picture and material, the textures of model and material fully according to true rig Make, ensure that each object is identical with actual conditions in animation, then assigns these materials on the model built up；

5th step, background are set, and rig infield selects to carry out in desert in animation, so having selected short rock And desert is as background；6th step, light is set, and in order to simulate the illumination under true environment, allows whole rig installation scenario Effect of shadow is truer, and the light permutation of exhibitions up to a hundred has been made in whole scene, for simulating the illumination of sky and the sun Irradiation；

7th step, camera lens are set, and the position of alignment lenses had both been presented to the part on screen for animation, in order to ensure to see clearly The installation process of each part, when camera lens is arranged to part, upper pin etc. that alignment is being installed tiny object, camera lens furthers Give feature；

8th step, integrate, complete material collection, modeling, model action, model pinup picture and material, background setting, light Set, after camera lens is set, whole scene is integrated together, both included since draw base line, and the installation of each part, arrived The overall process that the raising of last base finishes；

9th step, is rendered, and the scene integrated is started according to the camera lens set to be rendered to picture, the animation of one second 25 pictures are arranged to, photo resolution is arranged to 2560X768；Render machine for 60 server groups into render farm, pass through 24 hours continual to render, and renders within time-consuming 45 days and finishes, total renders fine picture 192000 and opened；

Tenth step, dub, background music and audio, dub and engage professional voice-over actor to be recorded, including each step peace Explanation when step and derrick lifting is filled, background music coordinates different installation steps, from the background music of different tunes；And In part lifting in place, sledgehammer strikes the positions such as pin and is equipped with corresponding audio；

11st step, later stage synthesis, 192000 pictures rendered are imported into synthesizer, complete screen is synthesized and moves Draw, add the Chinese and English subtitles of explanation, and will dub, background music and audio are simultaneously synthesizing into video；In order to ensure quality, The video format exported after synthesis is the avi file without compression, and whole file is 1.3TB；

12nd step, turn pressure as issue form, play for convenience, it is necessary to which original video files big 1.3TB are turned into pressure； It is arranged to 32000Kbps code checks, WMV8 forms, encoder FFmpeg；The definitive document turned after pressing is 29G；Play smoothness, Image quality is farthest protected.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of operation of teacher platform of land rig installation operation simulation system, land rig installation operation simulation system include： Driller's operating desk, rig model, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain projection display system；Wherein；

Driller's operating desk includes cabinet, internal control plate and Parameters Computer, and the front of described cabinet is provided with driller's operating desk Front control panel, a side of cabinet are provided with driller's operating desk side control panel, and another side of cabinet is provided with top Drive Mechanical course panel and buffer the control panel of fluid cylinder；Wherein power supply is provided with the control panel of driller's operating desk front It is button, power on button, air horn switch, anti-collision release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, vertical Pipe pressure damper, drag for the used brake controlling switch of brake cylinder clutch, input shaft, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, pneumatic rotation Detain controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and brake hard Switch；Also include display table group, wherein the display table group includes bleed pressure table, cooling water pressure table, winch oil pressure gauge, rotating disk Oil pressure gauge, rotary torque indicator, Pump pressure meter, tong torque meter, left pincers torque meter, right pincers torque meter, safety tongs pressure gauge, cat head pressure Power table, drilling torque table, revolution counter, rotating disk ammeter, backset pressure gauge and pulleying pressure gauge；Driller's operating desk side controls Assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electromagnetism are set on panel Vortex brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 slush pumps are opened Pass, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch；

Parameters Computer completes the data acquisition and control of whole system, main control computer and figure as distributed host computer Computer completes the execution of system main program and the processing and display of ring curtain figure, and each computer is mutual by ICP/IP protocol Connection；Front end data acquisition and control between driller's operating desk and rig model are completed by SIEMENS S7-200 PLC, and even Connect and form Siemens's PPI networks；PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data uses RS232 agreements；Wherein the Parameters Computer has Complete after PLC obtains front end hardware information, send information to the communication module of main control computer, wherein communication module will also The information that main control computer sends over is transferred to front end hardware by PLC and shown；

PLC in the internal control plate of driller's operating desk, which includes the first programmable controller PLC of driller's operating desk 1 and second, to be compiled Range controller PLC2, above-mentioned programmable controller PLC 1, PLC2 communicate with Parameters Computer data to be led to using RS232 agreements Letter, wherein the CPU module of the first programmable controller PLC 1 by A/D modules respectively with power knob, power on button, air horn Switch, anti-collision release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for brake rolling Brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, pneumatic spinner controlling switch, roller height are used in cylinder clutch, input shaft Fast switch, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch connection, pass through opening for PLC Pass amount input port bypasses with assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ respectively Switch, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 Mud switch pump, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch are attached；Gathered by PLC each on driller's operating desk Switch, knob state is to simulate the elevating control of winch, and the rotating speed of rotating disk controls, the speed regulating control of slush pump；Gather strand simultaneously Car clutch position, winch gear, disk clutch position, rotating disk gear, pump control mechanism position, diesel engine power adjuster position Put；Suspending weight, the pressure of the drill, rig bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration parameter are monitored, passes through PLC control So that driller's operating desk realizes the lift control to derrick/base, the rotating speed control to boring disk and the speed governing control to slush pump System；

Wherein top, which is driven, is provided with scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button, suspension ring revolution on Mechanical course panel Selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring tilt selecting switch, stopped Car selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation selection are opened Close；Wherein the CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operating desk by A/D modules respectively with Scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button connection, are turned round with suspension ring respectively by PLC On-off signal port Selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring tilt selecting switch, stopped Car selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation selection are opened Pass is attached to be controlled with realizing to top drive；

Wherein buffer and fluid cylinder selection handle in left and right is provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder, fluid cylinder pressure selects handle and fluid cylinder to stretch Go out/retract joystick；The CPU module of wherein the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operating desk passes through A/D modules respectively with left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder stretch out/retract joystick be connected with Buffering fluid cylinder is controlled；

Rig model includes derrick model and substructure model, and derrick model includes derrick and derrick core control machine；Wherein derrick For open front type derrick, it is made up of derrick main body, A-frame and annex；Substructure model includes base and base core control machine, Its center base is mainly made up of base body, jack up unit, hydraulic damping device, and base uses the motion of parallel-crank mechanism Principle, it is achieved thereby that the low level installation of high countertop fixture；

Operation of teacher platform has main control computer and graphic computer, and wherein the main control computer has main control module, the master control Module is used to be communicated with communication module, obtains hardware device state in real time；The main control computer also includes following multiple The analogue means of rig model：Rig model drilling process analogue means, rig model simulating overflow device, rig model gas Expand analogue means, rig mold cycle calculation of pressure analogue means, rig model drilling tool lifting analogue means and rig mould The raising of drilling derrick/base of type/decentralization analogue means, wherein main control module also include following multiple simulation systems：With Device in raising/lowering operation of simulation land rig derrick/base, pull out of hole and drill down operator for simulating land rig Device, the device for simulating land rig drilling operation, the device for simulating the operation of land rig accident emergency；

Operation of teacher platform is mainly used in teacher and student's operational circumstances is monitored, and auto judge, marking are carried out to operating result； Wherein main control computer is used for the execution for completing said system main program, and it includes being used for the mould for storing and setting analog parameter Block, the module for simulation process program, for controlling figure, calculating and drawing the module of kill-job curve, for performance rating And student management module, gather headend equipment parameter module, control front-end control platform on display instrument module and hold Row mechanism；Graphic computer is used for the processing and display of ring curtain figure, is interconnected between the two by ICP/IP protocol；

Triple channel ring curtain projection display system includes：Projector, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine；Wherein described projection Machine is three Tai Zhengtou projectors, and the three Tai Zhengtou projectors, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine form Fusion Edges Optical projection system.