CN104766525B - A kind of drilling machine model of land rig installation operation simulation system and Presentation Graphics synchronization system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of each section is formed for the drilling machine simulator drilling process simulator and its system of land rig with independent intellectual property right, it is based on computer simulation technique and with reference to the practical operation flow of well drilling operation site, realistic simulation is carried out to the drilling process process of ZJ70D land rigs, for the technical skill training of situ of drilling well operator, enhance the teaching, training sense of reality and efficiency, the training period is shortened, result of training is improved, reduces training cost.

Description

A kind of drilling machine model of land rig installation operation simulation system is synchronous with Presentation Graphics System

Technical field

The invention belongs to drilling machine simulation system field more particularly to a kind of drilling machines of land rig installation operation simulation system Model and Presentation Graphics synchronization system.

Background technology

As China Petroleum Technology and Development Corporation business globalizes, drilling machine business various regions all over the world, developing country is Through becoming company staple market.As outlet drilling machine quantity increases, the accident occurred during drilling machine use is also more and more, gently Then equipment is damaged, influences manufacturing schedule, brings economic loss, it is heavy then lead to serious accident, it causes casualties. The major accident several times particularly occurred during the resettlement and use of external drilling machine causes not to the development and image of company Good influence.Drilling machine belongs to engineering machinery, and the safety in production of engineering machinery not only directly affects the service life of machinery, but also relationship To personnel and the safety of property.According to the investigation of Japanese labor science research institute, machinery caused by due to operator's error Safety accident will account for the 88% of total number of accident, and accident caused by odjective cause only accounts for 9%, remaining 2% for it is irresistible the reason of, The unknown person of cause of accident only accounts for 1%.It can be seen that 97% in engineering machinery safety accident can take preventive measures. And more than 90 percent in these accidents is since operating personnel do not grasp correct application method and operate lack of standardization Caused by.In Latin America, Africa and Central Asia etc., country is due to the limitation of cultural difference and technical merit, wellsite facility installation, dismounting The problems in process is especially prominent.

It after the completion of drilling well, needs to dismantle wellsite facility such as pedestal, derrick, slush pump, preventer group etc., carry It to other situ of drilling well, and is installed, to start new drillng operation.During equipment installation and removal, it is necessary to abide by Certain operating instruction and technical key point are followed, just can guarantee the correct installation, correct dismounting and safe handling of equipment.

However, the operating instruction of equipment user and technical key point are mainly the specification and training provided by producer at present Instruction obtains, and operative skill is then by the accumulation of experience and teaching for master worker, these modes often have the following problems：

Practice opportunity is limited, it is difficult to improve technical level：Due to the particularity of drillng operation, the dismounting of drilling equipment and peace The work such as dress are often wanted some months or even 1 year and are just carried out once, and operating personnel are difficult to accumulate various experiences by practical operation. In addition, in equipment installation, disassembly process, accident odds is relatively small, and individual extremely has the process experience of accident Limit, judgement, processing capacity to accident are difficult accumulation and raising in practical production activity.Once burst accident, often by In lacking experience and processing capacity, the great loss of lives and property is caused.

Traditional technical manual, operational manual content are scattered, and it is inconvenient to consult.Some complicated operating process are difficult to use Word description understands that the difference that individual understands in addition most probably causes maloperation and accident to occur.How equipment user is improved Level of skill avoids the equipment damage caused by misoperation, reduces accident, and be that company must solve at present urgent asks Topic.

Invention content

The present invention provides a kind of drilling machine model of land rig installation operation simulation system and Presentation Graphics synchronization system, Land rig installation operation simulation system includes：Driller's operation console, drilling machine model, operation of teacher platform and the projection of triple channel ring curtain are aobvious Show system.

Driller's operation console includes cabinet, internal control plate and Parameters Computer, and the front of the cabinet is grasped equipped with driller Make platform front control panel, a side of cabinet is equipped with driller's operation console side control panel, another side of cabinet is set There is top to drive Mechanical course panel and buffer the control panel of fluid cylinder.Wherein it is provided on the control panel of driller's operation console front Power knob, power on button, air horn switch, anti-collision release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, bit pressure trimmer valve, tongs torque damping Device, standpipe pressure damper, fishing brake cylinder clutch, input shaft be used to stop control switch, shift control switch, cat head control switch, Pneumatic spinner control switch, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and tightly Anxious brake switch；Display table group is further included, wherein the display table group includes bleed pressure table, cooling water pressure table, winch oil pressure Table, turntable oil pressure gauge, rotary torque indicator, Pump pressure meter, tong torque meter, left pincers torque meter, right pincers torque meter, safety tongs pressure Table, cat head pressure gauge, drilling torque table, revolution counter, turntable ammeter, backset pressure gauge and pulleying pressure gauge；Driller operates Setting assignment switch on the control panel of platform side, tests scram button, by PLC/ at generator scram button, rectification scram button Way switch, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, turntable rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, 2 Number mud switch pump, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch；

The internal control plate of driller's operation console is programmable including the first programmable controller PLC of driller's operation console 1 and second Controller PLC2, above-mentioned programmable controller PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data to be communicated using RS232 agreements, wherein The CPU module of first programmable controller PLC 1 is switched respectively with power knob, power on button, air horn by A/D modules, is anti- Touch release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, bit pressure trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, fishing brake cylinder clutch, Input shaft be used to stop control switch, shift control switch, cat head control switch, pneumatic spinner control switch, the high low speed switch of roller, Oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch connection, it is defeated by the switching value of PLC Inbound port is respectively with assigning switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electricity Magnetic vortex brake switch, turntable rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 slush pumps Switch, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch are attached；Each switch on driller's operation console is acquired by PLC, Knob state is to simulate the elevating control of winch, and the rotating speed of turntable controls, the speed regulating control of slush pump；Acquire winch clutch simultaneously Device position, winch gear, disk clutch position, turntable gear, pump control mechanism position, diesel engine power adjuster position；Prison The parameters such as suspending weight, bit pressure, drilling machine bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration are surveyed, are made by the control of PLC It obtains driller's operation console and realizes the lift control to derrick/pedestal, the rotating speed control to boring disk and the speed regulating control to slush pump.

Wherein top drives and is provided with position button in scram button, hanging ring, reset/mute button, hanging ring on Mechanical course panel Revolution selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, hanging ring tilt selection and open It closes, brake selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation Selecting switch；It buffers and left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder is provided on the control panel of fluid cylinder Stretching/retraction joystick；The CPU module of wherein the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operation console is led to It crosses A/D modules to connect with position button, reset/mute button in scram button, hanging ring respectively, passes through the On-off signal end of PLC Mouth turns round selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, hanging ring with hanging ring respectively Inclination selecting switch, brake selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operation select to open It closes, direction of rotation selecting switch is attached and is controlled with realizing to drive top.

Left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and liquid are wherein provided on the control panel of buffering fluid cylinder Cylinder stretches out/retracts joystick；The wherein CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operation console Select handle, fluid cylinder pressure that handle and fluid cylinder is selected to stretch out/retract joystick and connect with left and right fluid cylinder respectively by A/D modules It connects to control buffering fluid cylinder.

Parameters Computer as distributed host computer complete whole system data acquisition and control, main control computer and Graphic computer completes the execution of system main program and the processing and display of ring curtain figure, and each computer passes through ICP/IP protocol Interconnection.Front end data acquisition and control between driller's operation console and drilling machine model are completed by SIEMENS S7-200 PLC, and Connect and compose Siemens's PPI networks.PLC is communicated with Parameters Computer data using RS232 agreements.Wherein the Parameters Computer has There is completion after PLC obtains front end hardware information, send information to the communication module of main control computer, wherein communication module also The information that main control computer sends over is transferred to front end hardware by PLC to be shown.

Drilling machine model includes derrick model and substructure model, and derrick model includes derrick and derrick core control machine.Wherein Derrick is open front type derrick, is made of main body, A-frame and attachment, and attachment mainly has quadruple board platform, dead line stabilizer, cage ladder. Derrick main body is by epimere, lower-left section and bottom right section and back of the body crossbeam, brace, connection in upper left section, upper right section, left epimere, the right side Frame forms an open front shaped steel frame structure, and the adjustment fixation of main body is completed by two bayonet locks.A-frame is by before left and right Derrick is put and rested against to leg, the portal structures of the compositions such as left and right back leg and crossbeam for rising.Jack up unit is by big lifting rope, high branch Frame, low trestle and hook block stent composition.Derrick uses A-frame raising mode, by the power of drilling floor surface winch, passes through Fast line, hook pull big lifting rope, realize derrick lifting, in order to making derrick smoothly by being placed on A-frame during derrick lifting On, at the same while transferring derrick derrick center of gravity can be made to move forward again, so as to fall by derrick dead weight, be equipped on A-frame slow Flushing device, flexible by buffer unit are realized.

Derrick core control machine selects siemens PLC series Programmable logic Controller (PLC) to directly control on driller's operation console The corresponding physical quantity of operation button, it is each to winch console and front end by teacher's control machine using Parameters Computer as host computer PLC module is managed collectively.One resource-sharing of whole system composition, the dcs of task sharing.Each control Communication between platform uses the special PPI communications protocol of Siemens.

Substructure model includes pedestal and pedestal core control machine, and wherein pedestal is mainly by base body, jack up unit, hydraulic pressure Buffer unit forms, and pedestal uses the motion principle of parallelogram mechanism, it is achieved thereby that the low level installation of high countertop fixture. Using winch power, make pedestal from low level integral lifting to operating position using hook block.Base body is divided into upper, middle and lower Three layers：Upper strata is drilling floor surface part, for installing the equipment of drilling floor surface, is connected and formed by pin, and lower floor is pedestal base portion Point, by pedestal before left front pedestal and left back pedestal, the right side left and right two parts are connected into pin respectively with pedestal behind the right side.It is left and right Connecting elements between two parts has tie-beam, link and diagonal brace.Middle layer is support section, between upper and lower layer, Play support drilling floor surface and rise and put pedestal.Respectively by A-frame foreleg, A-frame back leg, front column, rear column, oblique column group Into being connect with pin with upper and lower layer.A-frame is made of foreleg and back leg two parts, and one end of big lifting rope is fixed on herringbone On frame back leg, A-frame plays the role of support during entire pedestal raising.Big lifting rope both ends are equipped with lantern ring, separately have 1 group of pulley for participating in raising is fixed on A-frame back leg.The drilling well model further includes protective device group, wherein protective device Group includes realizing the drilling derrick crownblock protector of drilling derrick crown block anti-collision function, realizes the anti-excessive raising work(of drilling derrick The excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick of energy realizes that the anti-drilling derrick of the anti-excessive lowering function of drilling derrick excessively transfers dress It puts, realize the excessive jack up unit of anti-rig substructure of the excessive lifting functions of anti-rig substructure, realize that anti-rig substructure is excessively transferred The excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure of function realizes that the anti-drilling machine hook of the anti-excessive lowering function of drilling machine hook excessively transfers dress It puts.

Pedestal core control machine selects siemens PLC series Programmable logic Controller (PLC) to directly control on driller's operation console Each physical quantity (should be each switch button), using Parameters Computer as host computer, by teacher's control machine to winch control Each PLC module of platform processed and front end is managed collectively.One resource-sharing of whole system composition, the distributed AC servo system of task sharing System.Communication between each console uses the special PPI communications protocol of Siemens.

To realize the reusability of stimulating and training system, drilling machine derrick substructure model installs certain protective device, including Drilling derrick crownblock protector, the excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick, the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling derrick, anti-rig substructure Excessive jack up unit, the excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure, the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling machine hook.To realize rising for derrick base It rises and transfers and be controlled by driller's operation console, system realizes winch function using stepper motor.

The main control computer of land rig installation operation stimulating and training system has to last for constantly carrying out with front end hardware Communication, to obtain the equipment state of front end, that is, obtain the operating process of trainee；The equipment for obtaining front end hardware in real time It after state, is handled by main control computer, drive pattern software generates the animation process synchronous with hardware device operation；Meanwhile Hardware corrected module is additionally provided with, the hardware that serial number is generated to such as knob, handle, foot throttle etc. is corrected, and has been met The use habit of user, artificial site operation feeling.

In a model, the foundation of all mathematical models and parameter determine, be all based on it is assumed hereinafter that：

1), drilling fluid annular space large rock-carrying ability Lc >=0.5；Annular space drilling cuttings concentration C a ＜ 0.09；Annular space fluidised form steadiness parameter value Z ≤ hole stability value Z values.

2), all general equation for drilling rate is built upon on the basis of the statistics drillability of stratum, it reflects uneven quality The macroscopic law of layer drillability.Assume that the bit pressure index, rotating speed index, hydraulic parameters, the drilling fluid density that influence drilling speed are poor simultaneously It is the functional relation set up on the basis of the independent variable being independent of each other with these single factor tests such as formation macros.

3) when overflow, occurring in drilling well, it is equal that the aerating mud of the gentle body formation of mud of annular space is entered in the unit interval Even mixing.Under this assumption, we can regard the gas content in the mixing mud of unit volume as equal.

4) after, finding overflow, timely termination of pumping closing well is answered.Borehole pressure balance before, formation gas still can constantly into Enter in well.Thus, it is supposed that stablizing in this period from termination of pumping closing well to closing well, one section of continuous pure air column is formed in well；And In Well Killing Process, this continuous air column is not destroyed.

5), gas meets Darcy's law from stratum into pit shaft.

If 6) it is, gas into the overflow in well, it assumes that it to be expanded when gas overflow rises in annular space, it is expanded The Cheng Fuhe equations of gas state, and ignore gas slip phenomenon.

7) it is a constant, to assume the geothermal gradient in well, then：

Bottom hole temperature (BHT)=geothermal gradient × well depth+wellhead temperature.

Since this model is mainly used for simulation training, it is calculating time, computational accuracy and is being clashed with accuracy When, in principle to protect based on the time, and excessively complicated mathematical model is subjected to appropriate simplification, but ensure the standard of qualitative aspect True property.

Operation of teacher platform has main control computer and graphic computer, and the wherein main control computer has main control module, should Main control module obtains hardware device state in real time for communicating with communication module；The main control computer further includes as follows The simulator of multiple drilling machine models：Drilling machine model drilling process simulator, drilling machine model simulating overflow device, drilling machine model Gas expansion simulator, drilling machine mold cycle calculation of pressure simulator, drilling machine model drilling tool lifting simulator and brill The raising of drilling derrick/pedestal of machine model/decentralization simulator, wherein main control module have further included following multiple simulation systems System：For simulate raising/lowering operation of land rig derrick/pedestal device, for simulate land rig pull out of hole and lower brill The device of operation, the device for simulating land rig drilling operation, the device for simulating the operation of land rig accident emergency.

Operation of teacher platform is mainly used for teacher and student's operational circumstances is monitored, and auto judge is carried out to operating result, Marking.Wherein main control computer is used to complete the execution of above system main program, including for storing and set analog parameter Module, for the module of simulation process program, for control pattern, calculating and draw the module of kill-job curve, for achievement Evaluation and student management module, acquire headend equipment parameter module, control front-end control platform on display instrument module with And executing agency.Graphic computer is used for the processing and display of ring curtain figure, is interconnected between the two by ICP/IP protocol.

Triple channel ring curtain projection display system includes：Projector, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine.It is wherein described Projector is three Tai Zhengtou projectors, and three projectors, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine form Fusion Edges Optical projection system.Include Geometry rectification module, Fusion Edges module, color correction module in image co-registration machine.Wherein image melts The image information that graphic computer generates is distributed to three projecting apparatus by conjunction machine, and carries out Fusion Edges.The Fusion Edges skill Art is exactly that the picture for one group of projector carries out imbricate, and pass through integration technology show one without gap, It is more bright, super large, ultrahigh resolution entire picture, the effect of picture is such as both the picture of a projector.When two During Tai Huoduotai projectors combination one width picture of projection, some image overlap is understood, the main function of Fusion Edges is exactly The lamplight brightness of Liang Tai projectors lap is gradually turned down, the brightness for making entire picture is consistent.

Wherein Geometry rectification module includes：The Geometry rectification module is for correcting the geometry of projection image, to protect Card Fusion Edges control adapts to a variety of screen configurations, preferably plane configuration, cylinder configuration or spherical configuration, makes to project curtain On picture without geometric distortion.The Geometry rectification module includes following submodules：Utilize longitude and latitude locating module and laser array Sterically defined module is carried out to annular projection's curtain in a manner of dot matrix；Pass through the graphics management output of computer and annular projection Space laser dot-matrix forms the module of equally spaced standard grid on curtain；By intelligent successive acquisitions projected image and input calculating Machine, and Auto-matching is carried out so as to obtain projector image with throwing by the space laser dot matrix on projection screen and standard grid The module of shadow screen correspondence；The mould that nonlinear geometry correction is carried out to the image of output is realized using above-mentioned correspondence Block.

Wherein Fusion Edges module includes：For dividing the image into the image segmentation module of several regular figures, so that Several regular figures are projected respectively by three projectors, wherein the adjacent pattern edge for being divided into several regular figures is mutual The width of lap figure is within the 5% of correspondingly-sized, and the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge appears in segmentation simultaneously The edge of adjacent pattern afterwards；For arranging the longitude and latitude locating module of crisscross warp and weft on the entire image, The color for making the warp and weft in each regular figure is different, and utilizes three projectors by several rule after segmentation Then figure is projected, and adjusting projector makes the warp in the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge, and weft completes overlapping；Gray scale Adjustment module, the brightness Alpha values for adjusting different projectors are 100% white image, by the photosensitive camera of gray scale to non- It is overlapped visuals and carries out photoreceptor signal acquisition, its gray scale is set for a, it will be under the brightness of the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge It adjusts, until the gray scale of overlapping gray scale β and non-overlapping figure are equal or error is less than 0.5%, then different projectors one is gone forward side by side Row projection；

Wherein color correction module includes：Different projecting apparatus are measured when projecting same brightness color using smart camera The module of generated intrinsic brilliance is handled the photo shot under different brightness and is reflected with the color for obtaining every projecting apparatus Penetrate the module of relationship；Before every projector is shown, the color table of different screen is set, generate the mapping of color value so that The similar module of same color that different projector projects go out.

Wherein, above-mentioned projector is high-resolution projector, and above-mentioned engineering annular projection curtain can be that LED/LCD annulars are shown Display screen.

Land rig installation operation simulation system can also simulate accident and complex situations, main analog drilling well Common failure and complex situations in journey.Main control computer causes an accident, it is desirable that the phenomenon that trainee is gone out by model reaction Judge accident pattern, and correct process accident.The accident of main analog has：Adhere to bit freezing simulated technological process, sand setting bit freezing analog stream Journey, balling-up sticking simulated technological process, die nipple salvage simulated technological process, junk milling simulated technological process.Its technological process such as Figure 20 to Figure 24 It is shown.

According to the critical piece of above-mentioned land rig installation operation simulation system, the generation method of three-dimensional animation model is such as Under：

The first step, material collection, early period, in rig builder the live acquisition for carrying out screen and photographic material, drilling machine were real Each step of border installation carries out whole shooting by video camera；

Second step, modeling carry out 3D modeling work by collected material；The size of model is fully according to practical drilling machine The size equal proportion of object makes；In order to ensure quality of animation, model is refined；

Third walks, and model action after the completion of 3D modellings, according to installation steps and flow, proceeds by 3D models Action adjustment work, since first step draw base line figure, the installation of each object later includes the action adjustment of crane, object The action adjustment of animation and upper pin being installed in place；

4th step, model pinup picture and material, the textures of model and material are fully according to the gloss and color system of true drilling machine Make, ensure that each object is identical with actual conditions in animation, the model for then having built up the imparting of these materials；

5th step, background are set, and drilling machine infield selects to carry out in desert in animation, so having selected short rock And desert is as background；6th step, light setting, in order to simulate the illumination under true environment, allows entire drilling machine installation scenario Effect of shadow is truer, and the light permutation of exhibitions up to a hundred has been made in entire scene, for simulating the illumination of sky and the sun Irradiation；

7th step, camera lens setting, the position of alignment lens had both been presented to the part on screen for animation, in order to ensure to see clearly The installation process of each component, camera lens are set as the component that alignment is being installed, and when tiny object, camera lens furthers upper pin Give feature；

8th step is integrated, and completes material collection, modeling, model action, model pinup picture and material, background setting, light After camera lens setting, entire scene is integrated together, was both included since draw base line, the installation of each component is arrived for setting The overall process that the raising of last pedestal finishes；

9th step, renders, and the scene integrated is started according to the camera lens set to be rendered to picture, the animation of one second 25 pictures are set as, photo resolution is set as 2560X768；Rendering farm of the rendering machine for 60 server compositions, passes through Continual rendering in 24 hours takes rendering in 45 days and finishes, and amounts to rendering fine picture 192000 and opens；

Tenth step is dubbed, background music and audio, is dubbed the professional voice-over actor of engagement and is recorded, is pacified including each step Explanation when step and derrick lifting is filled, background music coordinates different installation steps, selects the background music of different tunes；And In component lifting in place, sledgehammer strikes the positions such as pin and is equipped with corresponding audio；

192000 pictures rendered are imported synthesizer, synthesize complete screen and move by the 11st step, later stage synthesis It draws, adds the Chinese and English subtitles of explanation, and will dub, background music and audio are simultaneously synthesizing in video；In order to ensure quality, Avi file of the video format exported after synthesis for no compression, entire file are 1.3TB；

12nd step turns pressure as publication form, plays for convenience, need original video files big 1.3TB turning pressure； It is set as 32000Kbps code checks, WMV8 forms, encoder FFmpeg；It is 29G to turn the definitive document after pressing；Play smoothness, Image quality is protected to the greatest extent.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the system hardware structure figure of the present invention

Fig. 2 is driller's operation console front control panel front view of the present invention

Fig. 3 is driller's operation console side control panel front view of the present invention

Drive Mechanical course panel front view in the top that Fig. 4 is the present invention

Fig. 5 is the operation console control planning schematic diagram of the present invention

Fig. 6 is drilling derrick/substructure model fundamental diagram of the present invention

Fig. 7 is the control system overall construction drawing of the present invention

Fig. 8 is the derrick lifting process flow chart of the present invention

Fig. 9 is the pedestal raising process flow chart of the present invention

The pedestal that Figure 10 is the present invention transfers process flow chart

The derrick that Figure 11 is the present invention transfers process flow chart

Figure 12 is the normal lower brill process flow chart of the present invention

Figure 13 is the slacking off process flow chart of the present invention

Figure 14 is the normal trip-out process flow chart of the present invention

Clipping technique flow chart is met in the trip-out that Figure 15 is the present invention

The normal drilling that Figure 16 is the present invention connects column flow chart

Figure 17 suppresses the drilling flow chart jumped off for the present invention's

The high pressure formation that Figure 18 is the present invention creeps into flow chart

The low-pressure stratum that Figure 19 is the present invention creeps into flow chart

Figure 20 is the adherency bit freezing modeling process chart of the present invention

Figure 21 is the sand setting bit freezing modeling process chart of the present invention

Figure 22 is the balling-up sticking modeling process chart of the present invention

The die nipple that Figure 23 is the present invention salvages modeling process chart

Figure 24 is the junk milling modeling process chart of the present invention

Specific embodiment

The present invention provides a kind of drilling machine model of land rig installation operation simulation system and Presentation Graphics synchronization system, Land rig installation operation simulation system includes：Driller's operation console, drilling machine model, operation of teacher platform and the projection of triple channel ring curtain are aobvious Show system.

Driller's operation console includes cabinet, internal control plate and Parameters Computer, and the front of the cabinet is grasped equipped with driller Make platform front control panel, a side of cabinet is equipped with driller's operation console side control panel, another side of cabinet is set There is top to drive Mechanical course panel and buffer the control panel of fluid cylinder.Wherein it is provided on the control panel of driller's operation console front Power knob 8, power on button 7, air horn switch 6, anti-collision release button 5, suspending weight trimmer valve 19, bit pressure trimmer valve 17, tongs Torque damping device 14, standpipe pressure damper 15, fishing brake cylinder clutch, input shaft are used to stop control switch, shift control switch, cat Head control switch, pneumatic spinner control switch, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, parking braking Switch and emergency stop switch；Display table group is further included, wherein the display table group includes bleed pressure table 2, cooling water pressure Table, winch oil pressure gauge 3, turntable oil pressure gauge 4, rotary torque indicator 13, Pump pressure meter, tongs torque meter 16, left pincers pressure gauge 9, right pincers Torque meter 10, safety tongs pressure gauge 12, cat head pressure gauge 1, drilling torque table, revolution counter, weight indicator 18, turntable ammeter, lock Shelves pressure gauge and pulleying pressure gauge, concrete structure are arranged as shown in Figure 2；Setting assignment is opened on the control panel of driller station side Pass, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, turns generator scram button, rectification scram button Disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 mud switch pumps, No. 3 slush pumps are opened It closes, low pressure alarm switch, concrete structure is arranged as shown in Figure 3；

The internal control plate of driller's operation console is programmable including the first programmable controller PLC of driller's operation console 1 and second Controller PLC2, above-mentioned programmable controller PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data to be communicated using RS232 agreements, wherein The CPU module of first programmable controller PLC 1 is switched respectively with power knob, power on button, air horn by A/D modules, is anti- Touch release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, bit pressure trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, fishing brake cylinder clutch, Input shaft be used to stop control switch, shift control switch, cat head control switch, pneumatic spinner control switch, the high low speed switch of roller, Oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch connection, it is defeated by the switching value of PLC Inbound port is respectively with assigning switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electricity Magnetic vortex brake switch, turntable rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 slush pumps Switch, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch are attached；Each switch on driller's operation console is acquired by PLC, Knob state is to simulate the elevating control of winch, and the rotating speed of turntable controls, the speed regulating control of slush pump；Acquire winch clutch simultaneously Device position, winch gear, disk clutch position, turntable gear, pump control mechanism position, diesel engine power adjuster position；Prison The parameters such as suspending weight, bit pressure, drilling machine bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration are surveyed, are made by the control of PLC It obtains driller's operation console and realizes the lift control to derrick/pedestal, the rotating speed control to boring disk and the speed regulating control to slush pump.

Wherein top drives and is provided with position button 82 in scram button 60, hanging ring, reset/mute button on Mechanical course panel 70th, hanging ring revolution selecting switch 83, inner blowout preventer switch 87, hydraulic pressure switch pump 61, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch 64, Hanging ring tilt selecting switch 66, brake selecting switch 68, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch 65, selection of Motor switch 67, Operating selection switch 69, direction of rotation selecting switch 71；Buffer be provided on the control panel of fluid cylinder left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, Fluid cylinder pressure selects handle and fluid cylinder stretches out/retract joystick, and concrete structure is arranged as shown in Figure 4；Wherein front end is grasped Make the CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of platform by A/D modules respectively with scram button, hanging ring Middle position button, reset/mute button connection turn round selecting switch, interior anti-with hanging ring respectively by the On-off signal port of PLC Spray apparatus switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, hanging ring tilt selecting switch, brake selecting switch, auxiliary Operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation selecting switch is helped to be attached with It realizes to drive top and control.

Left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and liquid are wherein provided on the control panel of buffering fluid cylinder Cylinder stretches out/retracts joystick；The wherein CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operation console Select handle, fluid cylinder pressure that handle and fluid cylinder is selected to stretch out/retract joystick and connect with left and right fluid cylinder respectively by A/D modules It connects to control buffering fluid cylinder.

Parameters Computer as distributed host computer complete whole system data acquisition and control, main control computer and Graphic computer completes the execution of system main program and the processing and display of ring curtain figure, and each computer passes through ICP/IP protocol Interconnection.Front end data acquisition and control between driller's operation console and drilling machine model are completed by SIEMENS S7-200 PLC, and Connect and compose Siemens's PPI networks.PLC is communicated with Parameters Computer data using RS232 agreements.Wherein the Parameters Computer has There is completion after PLC obtains front end hardware information, send information to the communication module of main control computer, wherein communication module also The information that main control computer sends over is transferred to front end hardware by PLC to be shown.

Drilling machine model includes derrick model and substructure model, and derrick model includes derrick and derrick core control machine.Wherein Derrick is open front type derrick, is made of main body, A-frame and attachment, and attachment mainly has quadruple board platform, dead line stabilizer, cage ladder. Derrick main body is by epimere, lower-left section and bottom right section and back of the body crossbeam, brace, connection in upper left section, upper right section, left epimere, the right side Frame forms an open front shaped steel frame structure, and the adjustment fixation of main body is completed by two bayonet locks.A-frame is by before left and right Derrick is put and rested against to leg, the portal structures of the compositions such as left and right back leg and crossbeam for rising.Jack up unit is by big lifting rope, high branch Frame, low trestle and hook block stent composition.Derrick uses A-frame raising mode, by the power of drilling floor surface winch, passes through Fast line, hook pull big lifting rope, realize derrick lifting, in order to making derrick smoothly by being placed on A-frame during derrick lifting On, at the same while transferring derrick derrick center of gravity can be made to move forward again, so as to fall by derrick dead weight, be equipped on A-frame slow Flushing device, flexible by buffer unit are realized.

Derrick core control machine selects siemens PLC series Programmable logic Controller (PLC) to directly control on driller's operation console The corresponding physical quantity of operation button, it is each to winch console and front end by teacher's control machine using Parameters Computer as host computer PLC module is managed collectively.One resource-sharing of whole system composition, the dcs of task sharing.Each control Communication between platform uses the special PPI communications protocol of Siemens.

Substructure model includes pedestal and pedestal core control machine, and wherein pedestal is mainly by base body, jack up unit, hydraulic pressure Buffer unit forms, and pedestal uses the motion principle of parallelogram mechanism, it is achieved thereby that the low level installation of high countertop fixture. Using winch power, make pedestal from low level integral lifting to operating position using hook block.Base body is divided into upper, middle and lower Three layers：Upper strata is drilling floor surface part, for installing the equipment of drilling floor surface, is connected and formed by pin, and lower floor is pedestal base portion Point, by pedestal before left front pedestal and left back pedestal, the right side left and right two parts are connected into pin respectively with pedestal behind the right side.It is left and right Connecting elements between two parts has tie-beam, link and diagonal brace.Middle layer is support section, between upper and lower layer, Play support drilling floor surface and rise and put pedestal.Respectively by A-frame foreleg, A-frame back leg, front column, rear column, oblique column group Into being connect with pin with upper and lower layer.A-frame is made of foreleg and back leg two parts, and one end of big lifting rope is fixed on herringbone On frame back leg, A-frame plays the role of support during entire pedestal raising.Big lifting rope both ends are equipped with lantern ring, separately have 1 group of pulley for participating in raising is fixed on A-frame back leg.The drilling well model further includes protective device group, wherein protective device Group includes realizing the drilling derrick crownblock protector of drilling derrick crown block anti-collision function, realizes the anti-excessive raising work(of drilling derrick The excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick of energy realizes that the anti-drilling derrick of the anti-excessive lowering function of drilling derrick excessively transfers dress It puts, realize the excessive jack up unit of anti-rig substructure of the excessive lifting functions of anti-rig substructure, realize that anti-rig substructure is excessively transferred The excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure of function realizes that the anti-drilling machine hook of the anti-excessive lowering function of drilling machine hook excessively transfers dress It puts.

Pedestal core control machine selects siemens PLC series Programmable logic Controller (PLC) to directly control on driller's operation console Each physical quantity (should be each switch button), using Parameters Computer as host computer, by teacher's control machine to winch control Each PLC module of platform processed and front end is managed collectively.One resource-sharing of whole system composition, the distributed AC servo system of task sharing System.Communication between each console uses the special PPI communications protocol of Siemens.

To realize the reusability of stimulating and training system, drilling machine derrick substructure model installs certain protective device, including Drilling derrick crownblock protector, the excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick, the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling derrick, anti-rig substructure Excessive jack up unit, the excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure, the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling machine hook.To realize rising for derrick base It rises and transfers and be controlled by driller's operation console, system realizes winch function using stepper motor.

The main control computer of land rig installation operation stimulating and training system has to last for constantly carrying out with front end hardware Communication, to obtain the equipment state of front end, that is, obtain the operating process of trainee；The equipment for obtaining front end hardware in real time It after state, is handled by main control computer, drive pattern software generates the animation process synchronous with hardware device operation；Meanwhile Hardware corrected module is additionally provided with, the hardware that serial number is generated to such as knob, handle, foot throttle etc. is corrected, and has been met The use habit of user, artificial site operation feeling.

In a model, the foundation of all mathematical models and parameter determine, be all based on it is assumed hereinafter that：

1), drilling fluid annular space large rock-carrying ability Lc >=0.5；Annular space drilling cuttings concentration C a ＜ 0.09；Annular space fluidised form steadiness parameter value Z ≤ hole stability value Z values.

2), all general equation for drilling rate is built upon on the basis of the statistics drillability of stratum, it reflects uneven quality The macroscopic law of layer drillability.Assume that the bit pressure index, rotating speed index, hydraulic parameters, the drilling fluid density that influence drilling speed are poor simultaneously It is the functional relation set up on the basis of the independent variable being independent of each other with these single factor tests such as formation macros.

3) when overflow, occurring in drilling well, it is equal that the aerating mud of the gentle body formation of mud of annular space is entered in the unit interval Even mixing.Under this assumption, we can regard the gas content in the mixing mud of unit volume as equal.

4) after, finding overflow, timely termination of pumping closing well is answered.Borehole pressure balance before, formation gas still can constantly into Enter in well.Thus, it is supposed that stablizing in this period from termination of pumping closing well to closing well, one section of continuous pure air column is formed in well；And In Well Killing Process, this continuous air column is not destroyed.

5), gas meets Darcy's law from stratum into pit shaft.

If 6) it is, gas into the overflow in well, it assumes that it to be expanded when gas overflow rises in annular space, it is expanded The Cheng Fuhe equations of gas state, and ignore gas slip phenomenon.

7) it is a constant, to assume the geothermal gradient in well, then：

Bottom hole temperature (BHT)=geothermal gradient × well depth+wellhead temperature.

Since this model is mainly used for simulation training, it is calculating time, computational accuracy and is being clashed with accuracy When, in principle to protect based on the time, and excessively complicated mathematical model is subjected to appropriate simplification, but ensure the standard of qualitative aspect True property.

(1) drilling process model

1), equation for drilling rate

In formula：

k_d-- stratum statistics drillability (k_d=0.00165H+0.635)

W-- is than bit pressure (KN/mm)

N-- rotating speeds (rpm)

H_EI-- effective drill bit is than water-horse power (kw/mm²)

ρ_m-- practical or design mud density (g/cm³)

ρ_p-- strata pressure equal yield density (g/cm³)

V-- rate of penetrations (m/h)

2), effective drill bit is than the calculating of water-horse power

In formula：

H_EI-- effective drill bit is than water-horse power (kw/mm²)

ρ_m-- practical or design mud density (g/cm³)

Q-- discharge capacities, liter/second

D_b-- bit diameter, centimetre

d_e-- nozzle equivalent diameter, centimetre

(j₁, j₂, j₃Nozzle diameter, centimetre)

(2) overflow model

1), flooding process is simulated

When overflow occurs, the gas flow entered in pit shaft from stratum increases, and bottom pressure will constantly reduce, and gas enters Speed will be continuously increased, and the variation of all parameters is all the continuous function of time during being somebody's turn to do.It is if for this purpose, fairly small at one Time interval Δ t in, air inflow meets quadratic linear equation.

(1) gas flow calculates

In formula：

Q_gs-- corresponding to P_bStandard state under gas flow amount, m3/s

P_p, P_b-- stratum, shaft bottom effective pressure, kPa

C-- seepage coefficients, 3/ kPa of second (0.2) of rice

(2) every section of mixture length Δ H_mi×(j)(j=1,2,3 ... ... n-1)

AH_mi×(j)={ Q [P_(j)-P_(j-1)]+U_jQ_gs(j)ln[P_(j)/P_(j-1)]}/(gρQ)

In formula：

Q-- mud displacements, m3/s

P_(j)-- jth section mixture base pressure, kPa

P_(j-1)-- jth section mixture top pressure, kPa

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter

G-- acceleration of gravity, meter per second 2

(3) annular space mixture total length

(4) spillway discharge in well

(5) every section of mixture density determines

In formula：

-- mud volume fraction in mixture,

A_a-- the overflow segment annular space cross-sectional area, millimeter 2

-- natural-gas integration amount in mixture,

ρ_g-- natural gas density, grams per cubic centimter

Because ρ_gMuch smaller than ρ, institute's above formula can be rewritten as：

2), closing well flooding process is simulated

Closing well process is actually the process that bottom pressure restores.During firm closing well, it is laminated due to bottom pressure lack of equilibrium Power, formation fluid will also go successively to pit shaft, and the high pressure gas of entrance compresses mineshaft annulus mixture, makes casing pressure and standpipe pressure Power is continuously increased.With the extension of closed-in time, bottom pressure gradually increases, and formation fluid admission velocity gradually decreases, until Last bottom pressure equilibrium strata pressure.During closing well, either pit shaft or stratum, all parameters are all the functions of time. Because the mathematical model and its computational methods that describe this process are very complicated, it is not described in detail here.After only providing closing well stabilization below The related parameter calculation formulas such as shaft bottom mixture length.

(1) shaft bottom mixture length after closing well is stablized

In formula：

Δ P=g ρ Q Δs t/A_a

Divide the hop count of mixture in n-- annular spaces

(2) length of the pure air column in shaft bottom after closing well is stablized

H_mix(n+1)=H_mixO-H_mix(n)

(3) gas expansion model

1), the equation of gas state

In formula：

P_s-- the pressure under standard state, kPa

V_s-- the volume under standard state, rice 3

Z_s-- the compressed coefficient under standard state

T_s-- the temperature under standard state, ° K

P-- pressure, kPa

V-- gas volumes, rice 3

T-- temperature, ° K

Z-- is T in temperature, and pressure is the compressed coefficient under conditions of P

As long as we are aware of the pressure at certain moment, temperature and the compressed coefficient, it is possible to acquire gas volume at this time.

2), the pressure that gas overflow weight generates in annular space

According to gas, gas weight is constant in uphill process in annular space, and air column is acquired in kill-job with the equation of gas state The density at moment is：

In formula：ρ_s, P_s, T_s, Z_s-- the gas density under standard state, pressure, temperature and the compressed coefficient, T are represented respectively_x-- Gas rises to a certain moment air column midpoint formation temperature, ° K

Then pressure caused by air column weight is：

By gas height gas volume V_x(rice 3) and cross-sectional area A_a(rice 3) represents, then：

A in formula_aThe cross-sectional area of annular space section, will change where gas；It but, can be by A for convenience of calculation_aValue The average traversal area of entire annular space is taken as, then pressure caused by gas weight is a constant.Because of the value sheet of this pressure To be exactly very little, caused error can be disregarded after simplifying processing in this way.

3), gas compressive coefficient

Kenneth is quoted, after the formula that R.Hall is proposed is simplified, obtains following calculation formula to seek Z_xValue：

In formula：

Reduced pressure：

Reduced temperature：

Above formula is an implicit form, and it is relatively difficult to be expressed the compressed coefficient with an accurate expression formula , the compressed coefficient can be obtained with trial and error procedure, solution is：First assume an initial compression factor Z₀, calculate P_r、T_r, then ask Go out W, finally calculate Z again, if | Z-Z₀(ε is precision to |≤ε, is generally taken 0.0001), then illustrates the Z assumed₀It is exactly required Compressibility factor；If | Z-Z₀| ＞ ε then illustrate to need to assume Z again₀, then calculate Z.Until | Z-Z₀Until |≤ε meets.

(4) circulating pressure computation model

1), drill bit pressure consumption

In formula：

P_b-- bit pressuredrop, MPa；

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter；

Q-- passes through the mud displacement of bit nozzle, liter/second；

A₀-- jet area is accumulated, and centimetres 2

C-- nozzle orifice coeficients (0.98)

2), drilling rod internal pressure consumes：

In formula：

P_l-- drilling rod internal pressure consumes, Mpa；

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

D-- drilling rod internal diameters, centimetre；

B-- constants, internal flush drill pipe B=0.51655

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_p-- drilling rod overall length, rice.

3), drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption

In formula：

P_l-- drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption, Mpa；

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

D, D₀-- hole diameter and drilling rod outer diameter, centimetre；

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_p-- drilling rod overall length, rice.

4), pressure consumption inside drill collar

In formula：

P_l-- pressure consumption, Mpa inside drill collar；

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

d_c-- drill collar internal diameter, centimetre；

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_c-- drill collar total length, rice.

5), the outer annular pressure lost of drill collar

In formula：

P_l-- drill collar outer ring space pressure consumption, Mpa；

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

D, D_c-- hole diameter and drill collar outer diameter, centimetre；

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_c-- drill collar total length, rice.

(5) drilling tool lifting model

1) drill string force model when, making a trip

It pulls out of hole：

Lower brill：

In formula：

F-- hook lifting force newton

F_m-- frictional force (or brake force) newton that brake lever generates

F_f-- buoyancy newton

F_f=ρ (∑ q_il_i)ρ_a

The acceleration meter per second 2 of a-- drill strings

q_i-- the unit mass kg/m of drill string

l_i-- the length meter of certain section of drill string

ρ -- mud density grams per cubic centimter

ρ_a-- certain section of drill string density grams per cubic centimter

F_k-- frictional force newton of the drill string in well

G-- acceleration of gravity meter per second 2

2) rate pattern is promoted when, making a trip

V_pt(i)=V_pt(i-1)+aΔt

In formula：

Δ t-- takes time step, second when calculating

V_pt(i)--t_(i)Moment drill string speed, meter per second

The effect of brake lever is to generate a frictional force, and to prevent the movement of drill string in well, therefore, brake lever effect is considered Between 0~1, i.e., when brake lever is fully depressed by, brake lever act as 1, represents to stop in winch dead；When brake lever lifts completely, Brake lever act as 0, represents brake strap being totally released.(braking action is exactly brake strap with stopping to this braking action between 0~1 The frictional force that vehicle drum generates) meet winch brake drum friction model.

(6) raising of drilling derrick/pedestal/decentralization model

Derrick lifting transfers model

Derrick lifting force analysis：During derrick lifting, whole rotated around bottom coercive mechanism 0 rises, and overall force analysis is such as Under：

2F (b+c)+Pa=G₁·L₁·cos(α+α₁)+G₂·L₂·cos(α+α₂)

In formula：

A-- is the arm of force of the fast line pull to pivot point 0

B, c-- is respectively the arm of force of the A-frame pulley both sides big lifting rope pulling force to fulcrum 0

L₁、L₂-- the distance of derrick center of gravity and overhead traveling crane center of gravity to fulcrum 0

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

α₁-- for derrick center of gravity and the angle of 0 line of fulcrum and contour line below derrick

α₂-- for overhead traveling crane center of gravity and the angle of 0 line of fulcrum and contour line below derrick

G₁-- conduct oneself with dignity for derrick

G₂-- conduct oneself with dignity for overhead traveling crane

P-- is fast line pull

F-- is big lifting rope pulling force

1. arm of force b is calculated with playing the relational expression of lift angle a：Jack up unit is wherein reduced to a planar motion mechanism, herringbone Frame pulley is reduced to a fixed point.

In formula：

S₁、S₂-- it is structure preset parameter

When A-- is kept flat for derrick, the angle between big lifting rope

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

2. arm of force c is calculated with playing the relational expression of lift angle a：Derrick side leading block is reduced to a fixed point.

In formula：

S₃-- it is structure preset parameter

When B-- is kept flat for derrick, the angle between big lifting rope

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

3. arm of force a is calculated with playing the relational expression of lift angle a：Derrick side leading block is reduced to a fixed point.

In formula：

S₄、S₅-- it is structure preset parameter

When C-- is kept flat for derrick, the angle between big lifting rope

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0-90 degree)

4. big lifting rope pulling force F, fast line pull P are calculated with playing the relational expression of lift angle a：As primary Calculation, sky is had ignored Between low-angle, the deformation of rope and tourist bus, the gravity of hook.

In formula：

F-- is big lifting rope pulling force F

P-- is fast line pull

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

L-- for derrick lifting to a angles when, the length of this section of big lifting rope

H-- is vertical height of the derrick top to ground

S₁、S₂-- it is structure preset parameter

5. lifting force P is calculated with playing the relational expression of lift angle a：

In formula：

G₁-- conduct oneself with dignity for derrick

G₂-- conduct oneself with dignity for overhead traveling crane

P-- is fast line pull

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0-90 degree)

L-- for derrick lifting to a angles when, the length of this section of big lifting rope

H-- is vertical height of the derrick top to ground

S₁、S₂、S₃、S₄、S₅-- it is structure preset parameter.

Operation of teacher platform has main control computer and graphic computer, and the wherein main control computer has main control module, should Main control module obtains hardware device state in real time for communicating with communication module；The main control computer further includes as follows The simulator of multiple drilling machine models：Drilling machine model drilling process simulator, drilling machine model simulating overflow device, drilling machine model Gas expansion simulator, drilling machine mold cycle calculation of pressure simulator, drilling machine model drilling tool lifting simulator and brill The raising of drilling derrick/pedestal of machine model/decentralization simulator, wherein main control module have further included following multiple simulation systems System：For simulate raising/lowering operation of land rig derrick/pedestal device, for simulate land rig pull out of hole and lower brill The device of operation, the device for simulating land rig drilling operation, the device for simulating the operation of land rig accident emergency.

Operation of teacher platform is mainly used for teacher and student's operational circumstances is monitored, and auto judge is carried out to operating result, Marking.Wherein main control computer is used to complete the execution of above system main program, including for storing and set analog parameter Module, for the module of simulation process program, for control pattern, calculating and draw the module of kill-job curve, for achievement Evaluation and student management module, acquire headend equipment parameter module, control front-end control platform on display instrument module with And executing agency.Graphic computer is used for the processing and display of ring curtain figure, is interconnected between the two by ICP/IP protocol.

Triple channel ring curtain projection display system includes：Projector, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine.It is wherein described Projector is three Tai Zhengtou projectors, and three projectors, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine form Fusion Edges Optical projection system.Include Geometry rectification module, Fusion Edges module, color correction module in image co-registration machine.Wherein image melts The image information that graphic computer generates is distributed to three projecting apparatus by conjunction machine, and carries out Fusion Edges.The Fusion Edges skill Art is exactly that the picture for one group of projector carries out imbricate, and pass through integration technology show one without gap, It is more bright, super large, ultrahigh resolution entire picture, the effect of picture is such as both the picture of a projector.When two During Tai Huoduotai projectors combination one width picture of projection, some image overlap is understood, the main function of Fusion Edges is exactly The lamplight brightness of Liang Tai projectors lap is gradually turned down, the brightness for making entire picture is consistent.

Wherein Geometry rectification module includes：The Geometry rectification module is for correcting the geometry of projection image, to protect Card Fusion Edges control adapts to a variety of screen configurations, preferably plane configuration, cylinder configuration or spherical configuration, makes to project curtain On picture without geometric distortion.The Geometry rectification module includes following submodules：Utilize longitude and latitude locating module and laser array Sterically defined module is carried out to annular projection's curtain in a manner of dot matrix；Pass through the graphics management output of computer and annular projection Space laser dot-matrix forms the module of equally spaced standard grid on curtain；By intelligent successive acquisitions projected image and input calculating Machine, and Auto-matching is carried out so as to obtain projector image with throwing by the space laser dot matrix on projection screen and standard grid The module of shadow screen correspondence；The mould that nonlinear geometry correction is carried out to the image of output is realized using above-mentioned correspondence Block.

Wherein Fusion Edges module includes：For dividing the image into the image segmentation module of several regular figures, so that Several regular figures are projected respectively by three projectors, wherein the adjacent pattern edge for being divided into several regular figures is mutual The width of lap figure is within the 5% of correspondingly-sized, and the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge appears in segmentation simultaneously The edge of adjacent pattern afterwards；For arranging the longitude and latitude locating module of crisscross warp and weft on the entire image, The color for making the warp and weft in each regular figure is different, and utilizes three projectors by several rule after segmentation Then figure is projected, and adjusting projector makes the warp in the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge, and weft completes overlapping；Gray scale Adjustment module, the brightness Alpha values for adjusting different projectors are 100% white image, by the photosensitive camera of gray scale to non- It is overlapped visuals and carries out photoreceptor signal acquisition, its gray scale is set for a, it will be under the brightness of the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge It adjusts, until the gray scale of overlapping gray scale β and non-overlapping figure are equal or error is less than 0.5%, then different projectors one is gone forward side by side Row projection；

Wherein color correction module includes：Different projecting apparatus are measured when projecting same brightness color using smart camera The module of generated intrinsic brilliance is handled the photo shot under different brightness and is reflected with the color for obtaining every projecting apparatus Penetrate the module of relationship；Before every projector is shown, the color table of different screen is set, generate the mapping of color value so that The similar module of same color that different projector projects go out.

Wherein, above-mentioned projector is high-resolution projector, and above-mentioned engineering annular projection curtain can be that LED/LCD annulars are shown Display screen.

Land rig installation operation simulation system can also simulate accident and complex situations, main analog drilling well Common failure and complex situations in journey.Main control computer causes an accident, it is desirable that the phenomenon that trainee is gone out by model reaction Judge accident pattern, and correct process accident.The accident of main analog has：Adhere to bit freezing simulated technological process, sand setting bit freezing analog stream Journey, balling-up sticking simulated technological process, die nipple salvage simulated technological process, junk milling simulated technological process.Its technological process such as Figure 20 to Figure 24 It is shown.

According to the critical piece of above-mentioned land rig installation operation simulation system, the generation method of three-dimensional animation model is such as Under：

The first step, material collection, early period, in rig builder the live acquisition for carrying out screen and photographic material, drilling machine were real Each step of border installation carries out whole shooting by video camera；

Second step, modeling carry out 3D modeling work by collected material；The size of model is fully according to practical drilling machine The size equal proportion of object makes；In order to ensure quality of animation, model is refined；

Third walks, and model action after the completion of 3D modellings, according to installation steps and flow, proceeds by 3D models Action adjustment work, since first step draw base line figure, the installation of each object later includes the action adjustment of crane, object The action adjustment of animation and upper pin being installed in place；

4th step, model pinup picture and material, the textures of model and material are fully according to the gloss and color system of true drilling machine Make, ensure that each object is identical with actual conditions in animation, the model for then having built up the imparting of these materials；

5th step, background are set, and drilling machine infield selects to carry out in desert in animation, so having selected short rock And desert is as background；6th step, light setting, in order to simulate the illumination under true environment, allows entire drilling machine installation scenario Effect of shadow is truer, and the light permutation of exhibitions up to a hundred has been made in entire scene, for simulating the illumination of sky and the sun Irradiation；

7th step, camera lens setting, the position of alignment lens had both been presented to the part on screen for animation, in order to ensure to see clearly The installation process of each component, camera lens are set as the component that alignment is being installed, and when tiny object, camera lens furthers upper pin Give feature；

8th step is integrated, and completes material collection, modeling, model action, model pinup picture and material, background setting, light After camera lens setting, entire scene is integrated together, was both included since draw base line, the installation of each component is arrived for setting The overall process that the raising of last pedestal finishes；

9th step, renders, and the scene integrated is started according to the camera lens set to be rendered to picture, the animation of one second 25 pictures are set as, photo resolution is set as 2560X768；Rendering farm of the rendering machine for 60 server compositions, passes through Continual rendering in 24 hours takes rendering in 45 days and finishes, and amounts to rendering fine picture 192000 and opens；

Tenth step is dubbed, background music and audio, is dubbed the professional voice-over actor of engagement and is recorded, is pacified including each step Explanation when step and derrick lifting is filled, background music coordinates different installation steps, selects the background music of different tunes；And In component lifting in place, sledgehammer strikes the positions such as pin and is equipped with corresponding audio；

192000 pictures rendered are imported synthesizer, synthesize complete screen and move by the 11st step, later stage synthesis It draws, adds the Chinese and English subtitles of explanation, and will dub, background music and audio are simultaneously synthesizing in video；In order to ensure quality, Avi file of the video format exported after synthesis for no compression, entire file are 1.3TB；

12nd step turns pressure as publication form, plays for convenience, need original video files big 1.3TB turning pressure； It is set as 32000Kbps code checks, WMV8 forms, encoder FFmpeg；It is 29G to turn the definitive document after pressing；Play smoothness, Image quality is protected to the greatest extent.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of drilling machine model of land rig installation operation simulation system and Presentation Graphics synchronization system, land rig installation behaviour Include as simulation system：Driller's operation console, drilling machine model, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain projection display system；Wherein,

Driller's operation console includes cabinet, internal control plate and Parameters Computer, and the front of the cabinet is equipped with driller's operation console Front control panel, a side of cabinet are equipped with driller's operation console side control panel, another side of cabinet is equipped with top It drives Mechanical course panel and buffers the control panel of fluid cylinder；Wherein power supply is provided on the control panel of driller's operation console front Button, air horn switch, anti-collision release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, bit pressure trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, is stood power on button Pipe pressure damper, fishing brake cylinder clutch, input shaft are used to stop control switch, shift control switch, cat head control switch, pneumatic rotation Button control switch, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency braking Switch；Display table group is further included, wherein the display table group includes bleed pressure table, cooling water pressure table, winch oil pressure gauge, turntable Oil pressure gauge, rotary torque indicator, Pump pressure meter, tong torque meter, left pincers torque meter, right pincers torque meter, safety tongs pressure gauge, cat head pressure Power table, drilling torque table, revolution counter, turntable ammeter, backset pressure gauge and pulleying pressure gauge；Driller's operation console side controls Setting assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electromagnetism on panel Vortex brake switch, turntable rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 slush pumps are opened Pass, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch；

The internal control plate of driller's operation console includes driller's operation console the first programmable controller PLC 1 and the second PLC technology Device PLC2, above-mentioned first programmable controller PLC, 1 and second programmable controller PLC 2 communicate use with Parameters Computer data RS232 agreements communicate, wherein the CPU module of the first programmable controller PLC 1 by A/D modules respectively with power knob, Power on button, air horn switch, anti-collision release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, bit pressure trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure Damper, fishing brake cylinder clutch, input shaft are used to stop control switch, shift control switch, cat head control switch, pneumatic spinner control Make switch, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch Connection, it is anxious with assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test respectively by the On-off signal port of PLC Stop button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, turntable rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, 1 Number mud switch pump, No. 2 mud switch pumps, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch are attached；Pass through PLC acquisitions department Each switch on operation console is bored, knob state is to simulate the elevating control of winch, and the rotating speed of turntable controls, the speed governing of slush pump Control；Acquire winch clutch position, winch gear, disk clutch position, turntable gear, pump control mechanism position, bavin simultaneously Oil machine power governor position；Monitor suspending weight, bit pressure, drilling machine bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration ginseng Number, the lift control to derrick/pedestal is realized by the control driller operation console of PLC, the rotating speed for boring disk is controlled and To the speed regulating control of slush pump；

Wherein top, which is driven, is provided with position button in scram button, hanging ring, reset/mute button, hanging ring revolution on Mechanical course panel Selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, hanging ring tilt selecting switch, stop Vehicle selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation selection are opened It closes；It buffers and left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder stretching/contracting is provided on the control panel of fluid cylinder Return joystick；The CPU module of wherein the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operation console passes through A/D moulds Block is connect respectively with position button, reset/mute button in scram button, hanging ring, by the On-off signal port of PLC respectively with Hanging ring revolution selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, hanging ring tilt selection Switch, brake selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, rotation side It is attached to selecting switch and is controlled with realizing to drive top；

Left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder is wherein provided on the control panel of buffering fluid cylinder to stretch Go out/retract joystick；The CPU module of wherein the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operation console passes through A/D modules respectively with left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder stretch out/retract joystick connect with Buffering fluid cylinder is controlled；

Parameters Computer completes the data acquisition of whole system and control, main control computer and figure as distributed host computer Computer completes the execution of system main program and the processing and display of ring curtain figure, and each computer is mutual by ICP/IP protocol Connection；Front end data acquisition and control between driller's operation console and drilling machine model are completed, and connect by SIEMENS S7-200PLC Form Siemens's PPI networks；PLC is communicated with Parameters Computer data using RS232 agreements；Wherein the Parameters Computer has had Into after obtaining front end hardware information from PLC, the communication module of main control computer is sent information to, wherein communication module will also be main The information that control computer sends over is transferred to front end hardware by PLC and is shown；

Drilling machine model includes derrick model and substructure model, and derrick model includes derrick and derrick core control machine；Wherein derrick For open front type derrick, it is made of derrick main body, A-frame and attachment；Substructure model includes pedestal and pedestal core control machine, Wherein pedestal is mainly made of base body, jack up unit, hydraulic damping device, and pedestal uses the movement of parallelogram mechanism Principle, it is achieved thereby that the low level installation of high countertop fixture；A-frame be by left and right foreleg, left and right back leg and crossbeam composition Derrick is put and rested against to portal structures for rising；Jack up unit is by big lifting rope, high trestle, low trestle and hook block stent group Into；

Teaching job platform has main control computer and graphic computer, and the wherein main control computer has main control module, the master control Module obtains hardware device state in real time for communicating with communication module；The main control computer further includes following multiple The simulator of drilling machine model：Drilling machine model drilling process simulator, drilling machine model simulating overflow device, drilling machine model gas Expand simulator, drilling machine mold cycle calculation of pressure simulator, drilling machine model drilling tool lifting simulator and drilling machine mould The raising of drilling derrick/pedestal of type/decentralization simulator, wherein main control module have further included following multiple simulation systems：With Device in raising/lowering operation of simulation land rig derrick/pedestal pulls out of hole and drill down operator for simulating land rig Device, the device for simulating land rig drilling operation, the device for simulating the operation of land rig accident emergency；

Triple channel ring curtain projection display system includes：Projector, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine；Wherein described projection Machine is three Tai Zhengtou projectors, and the three Tai Zhengtou projectors combine image co-registration machine formation edge with engineering annular projection act and melt Close optical projection system；

The main control computer of land rig installation operation simulation system has to last for constantly communicating with front end hardware, to obtain The equipment state of front end is taken, that is, obtains the operating process of trainee；After the equipment state for obtaining front end hardware in real time, warp Main control computer processing is crossed, drive pattern software generates the animation process synchronous with hardware device operation；Meanwhile it is additionally provided with hard Part correction module, to knob, handle, the hardware that foot throttle generates serial number is corrected, and has met the use habit of user, Artificial site operation feeling.