CN104966454B

CN104966454B - A kind of specification demo system of land rig

Info

Publication number: CN104966454B
Application number: CN201510033585.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 田永生; 张振欣; 张智勇; 雷舰; 赫芳北; 张磊; 郝丽军; 丁鹏; 陶京峰; 高伯南
Original assignee: China Petroleum Technology and Development Corp
Current assignee: China Petroleum Technology and Development Corp
Priority date: 2015-01-22
Filing date: 2015-01-22
Publication date: 2018-01-16
Anticipated expiration: 2035-01-22
Also published as: CN104966454A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of specification demo system of land rig, it is characterised in that：Including the analogue means for simulating land rig, the analogue means includes rig simulator, front-end operations platform, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain projection display system, wherein front-end operations platform includes Parameters Computer, wherein the Parameters Computer completes the data acquisition and control of whole system as distributed host computer, and main control computer and graphic computer complete the execution of system main program and the processing and display of ring curtain figure；Demo system also includes well site entirety display systems and internal structure display systems, wherein described well site entirety display systems include base, derrick and irrigated area, the internal structure display systems include turntable structure displaying, winch structure displaying and slush pump configuration shows, rig installation process is shown to all-dimensional multi-angle to student, significantly improves result of training.

Description

A kind of specification demo system of land rig

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of rig to install simulation system, it particularly relates to which a kind of be used to train rig installation land The specification demo system of rig.

Background technology

As China Petroleum Technology and Development Corporation business globalizes, rig business various regions all over the world, developing country is Through as company staple market.With outlet rig quantity increase, the accident occurred during rig use is also more and more, gently Then equipment is caused damage, influences manufacturing schedule, brings economic loss, it is heavy then lead to serious accident, cause casualties. The major accident several times particularly occurred abroad during the resettlement and use of rig, development and image to company cause not Good influence.Rig belongs to engineering machinery, and the safety in production of engineering machinery not only directly affects the service life of machinery, and relation To personnel and the safety of property.According to the investigation of Japanese labor science research institute, machinery caused by due to operator's error Security incident will account for the 88% of total number of accident, and accident caused by odjective cause only accounts for 9%, remaining 2% for it is irresistible the reason for, Cause of accident fails to understand that person only accounts for 1%.As can be seen here, 97% in engineering machinery security incident can take preventive measures. And 90 percent in these accidents is above is because operating personnel do not grasp correct application method and operate lack of standardization Caused by.In Latin America, Africa and Central Asia etc., country is due to the limitation of cultural difference and technical merit, wellsite facility installation, dismounting During the problem of it is especially prominent.

, it is necessary to which wellsite facility such as base, derrick, slush pump, preventer group etc. are dismantled after the completion of drilling well, carry To other situ of drilling well, and installed, to start new drillng operation.During equipment installation and removal, it is necessary to abide by Certain operational procedure and technical key point are followed, just can guarantee that the correct installation, correct dismounting and safe handling of equipment.

However, the operational procedure of equipment user and technical key point are mainly the specification and training provided by producer at present Instruction obtains, and operative skill is then to lean on the accumulation of experience and teaching for master worker, and these modes often have problems with：

Practice opportunity is limited, it is difficult to improves technical level：Due to the particularity of drillng operation, the dismounting of drilling equipment and peace Some months is often wanted in the work such as dress, or even 1 year is just carried out once, and operating personnel are difficult to accumulate various experiences by practical operation. In addition, in equipment installation, unloading process, accident odds is relatively small, and individual extremely has to the process experience of accident Limit, judgement, disposal ability to accident are difficult accumulation and raising in the production activity of reality.Once burst accident, often by In lacking experience and disposal ability, the great loss of lives and property is caused.

Traditional technical manual, operational manual content are scattered, and it is inconvenient to consult.Some complicated operating process are difficult to use Word description understands, the difference that individual understands in addition, most probably causes maloperation and accident to occur.How equipment user is improved Level of skill, the device damage caused by misoperation is avoided, reduces accident, be that company must solve at present urgent asks Topic.

Still further aspect, oil play often has many international business, and country variant has not for engineering drawing Same Standards and formats, it is badly in need of a kind of rig installation demenstration method of understanding directly perceived, succinct, convenient.

The content of the invention

The goal of the invention of the present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions：

A kind of specification demo system of land rig installation, including the analogue means for simulating land rig, The analogue means includes rig model, front-end operations platform, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain projection display system.Its Middle front-end operations platform includes Parameters Computer, and the wherein Parameters Computer completes whole system as distributed host computer Data acquisition and control, main control computer and graphic computer are completed the execution of system main program and the processing of ring curtain figure and shown Show,

Driller's operating desk includes cabinet, internal control plate and Parameters Computer, and the front of described cabinet is grasped provided with driller Make platform front control panel, a side of cabinet is provided with driller's operating desk side control panel, and another side of cabinet is set There is top to drive Mechanical course panel and buffer the control panel of fluid cylinder；Wherein it is provided with the control panel of driller's operating desk front Power knob, power on button, air horn switch, anti-collision release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping Device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for brake cylinder clutch, input shaft is used to brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, Pneumatic spinner controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and tight Anxious brake switch；Also include display table group, wherein the display table group includes bleed pressure table, cooling water pressure table, winch oil pressure Table, rotating disk oil pressure gauge, rotary torque indicator, Pump pressure meter, tong torque meter, left pincers torque meter, right pincers torque meter, safety tongs pressure Table, cat head pressure gauge, drilling torque table, revolution counter, rotating disk ammeter, backset pressure gauge and pulleying pressure gauge；Driller operates Assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button are set on the control panel of platform side, test scram button, by PLC/ Way switch, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, 2 Number mud switch pump, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch；

The internal control plate of driller's operating desk is programmable including the first programmable controller PLC of driller's operating desk 1 and second Controller PLC2, above-mentioned programmable controller PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data to be communicated using RS232 agreements, wherein The CPU module of first programmable controller PLC 1 is switched with power knob, power on button, air horn, is anti-respectively by A/D modules Touch release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for brake cylinder clutch, Input shaft be used to brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, pneumatic spinner controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, Oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch connection, it is defeated by PLC switching value Inbound port is respectively with assigning switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electricity Magnetic vortex brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 slush pumps Switch, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch are attached；Each switch on driller's operating desk is gathered by PLC, Knob state is to simulate the elevating control of winch, and the rotating speed of rotating disk controls, the speed regulating control of slush pump；Gather winch clutch simultaneously Device position, winch gear, disk clutch position, rotating disk gear, pump control mechanism position, diesel engine power adjuster position；Prison The parameters such as suspending weight, the pressure of the drill, rig bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration are surveyed, are made by PLC control Obtain driller's operating desk and realize the lift control to derrick/base, the rotating speed control to boring disk and the speed regulating control to slush pump；

Wherein top is driven and is provided with scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button, suspension ring on Mechanical course panel Revolution selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring tilt selection and opened Close, brake selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation Selecting switch；Buffer and left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder are provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder Stretching/retraction joystick；The CPU module of wherein the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operating desk is led to Cross A/D modules to be connected with scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button respectively, pass through PLC On-off signal end Mouth turns round selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring with suspension ring respectively Inclination selecting switch, brake selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operation selection are opened Close, direction of rotation selecting switch is attached and top drive is controlled with realizing；

Wherein buffer and left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and liquid are provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder Cylinder stretches out/retracted joystick；The wherein CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operating desk Handle, fluid cylinder pressure is selected to select handle and fluid cylinder to stretch out/retract joystick and connect with left and right fluid cylinder respectively by A/D modules Connect to be controlled to buffering fluid cylinder；

Parameters Computer as distributed host computer complete whole system data acquisition and control, main control computer and Graphic computer completes the execution of system main program and the processing and display of ring curtain figure, and each computer passes through ICP/IP protocol Interconnection；Front end data acquisition and control between driller's operating desk and rig model are completed by SIEMENS S7-200 PLC, and Connect and compose Siemens's PPI networks；PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data uses RS232 agreements；Wherein the Parameters Computer has There is completion after PLC obtains front end hardware information, send information to the communication module of main control computer, wherein communication module also The information that main control computer sends over is transferred into front end hardware by PLC to be shown；

Rig model includes derrick model and substructure model, and derrick model includes derrick and derrick core control machine.Wherein Derrick is open front type derrick, is made up of main body, A-frame and annex, and annex mainly has quadruple board platform, dead line stabilizer, cage ladder. Derrick main body is by epimere, lower-left section and bottom right section in upper left section, upper right section, left epimere, the right side and back of the body crossbeam, brace, connection Frame forms an open front shaped steel frame structure, and the adjustment of main body, which is fixed, to be completed by two bayonet locks.A-frame is by before left and right The portal structures of the composition such as leg, left and right back leg and crossbeam, derrick is put and rests against for rising.Jack up unit is by big lifting rope, high branch Frame, low trestle and hook block support composition.Derrick uses A-frame raising mode, by the power of drilling floor surface winch, passes through Fast line, hook pull big lifting rope, realize derrick lifting, in order to making derrick smoothly by being placed on A-frame during derrick lifting On, while and can makes derrick center of gravity move forward when transferring derrick, so as to be fallen by derrick dead weight, is provided with A-frame slow Flushing device, flexible by buffer unit are realized.

Substructure model includes base and base core control machine, and its center base is mainly by base body, jack up unit, hydraulic pressure Buffer unit forms, and base uses the motion principle of parallel-crank mechanism, it is achieved thereby that the low level installation of high countertop fixture. Using winch power, make base from low level integral lifting to operating position using hook block.Base body is divided into upper, middle and lower Three layers：Upper strata is drilling floor surface part, for installing the equipment of drilling floor surface, is connected and formed by pin, lower floor is pedestal base portion Point, connect into left and right two parts with pin respectively with pedestal behind the right side by pedestal before left front pedestal and left back pedestal, the right side.It is left and right Connecting elements between two parts has tie-beam, link and diagonal brace.Intermediate layer is support section, between upper and lower layer, Play support drilling floor surface and rise and put base.Respectively by A-frame foreleg, A-frame back leg, front column, rear column, oblique column group Into being connected with pin with upper and lower layer.A-frame is made up of foreleg and back leg two parts, and one end of big lifting rope is fixed on herringbone On frame back leg, A-frame plays a part of support during whole base raising.Big lifting rope both ends are equipped with the collar, separately have 1 group of pulley for participating in raising is fixed on A-frame back leg.The drilling well model also includes protector group, wherein protector Group includes realizing the drilling derrick crownblock protector of drilling derrick crown block anti-collision function, realizes the excessive raising work(of anti-drilling derrick The excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick of energy, realize that the anti-drilling derrick of the excessive lowering function of anti-drilling derrick excessively transfers dress Put, realize the excessive jack up unit of anti-rig substructure of the excessive lifting functions of anti-rig substructure, realize that anti-rig substructure is excessively transferred The excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure of function, realize that the anti-drilling machine hook of the excessive lowering function of anti-drilling machine hook excessively transfers dress Put.

The demo system includes well site entirety display systems and internal structure display systems, wherein the well site is integrally opened up Showing system includes base, derrick and irrigated area, the internal structure display systems include turntable structure displaying, winch structure displaying and Slush pump configuration shows.

Preferably, demo system tissue by way of multiple index, some part of the random viewing of user.Often Individual part is shown by three views：Global view, partial view and explosive view, global view display member is in whole well site In position, partial view is the big figure of the part, shows the concrete image and parameter of the part, passes through details in explosive view Annotation, form, position, the function of the important inner body of all parts are explained.

The specification demo system installed according to the land rig of the present invention, there is provided pair including model and ring curtain figure Recurrence is shown, can significantly improve the effect of training, enhancement training efficiency, and broken the office of country variant Standards and formats Limit, facilitates student to understand.

At the same time, the invention also discloses a kind of land rig installation operation simulation system to include：Driller's operating desk, bore Machine model, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain projection display system.

Driller's operating desk includes cabinet, internal control plate and Parameters Computer, and the front of described cabinet is grasped provided with driller Make platform front control panel, a side of cabinet is provided with driller's operating desk side control panel, and another side of cabinet is set There is top to drive Mechanical course panel and buffer the control panel of fluid cylinder.Wherein it is provided with the control panel of driller's operating desk front Power knob, power on button, air horn switch, anti-collision release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping Device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for brake cylinder clutch, input shaft is used to brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, Pneumatic spinner controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and tight Anxious brake switch；Also include display table group, wherein the display table group includes bleed pressure table, cooling water pressure table, winch oil pressure Table, rotating disk oil pressure gauge, rotary torque indicator, Pump pressure meter, tong torque meter, left pincers torque meter, right pincers torque meter, safety tongs pressure Table, cat head pressure gauge, drilling torque table, revolution counter, rotating disk ammeter, backset pressure gauge and pulleying pressure gauge；Driller operates Assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button are set on the control panel of platform side, test scram button, by PLC/ Way switch, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, 2 Number mud switch pump, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch；

The internal control plate of driller's operating desk is programmable including the first programmable controller PLC of driller's operating desk 1 and second Controller PLC2, above-mentioned programmable controller PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data to be communicated using RS232 agreements, wherein The CPU module of first programmable controller PLC 1 is switched with power knob, power on button, air horn, is anti-respectively by A/D modules Touch release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for brake cylinder clutch, Input shaft be used to brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, pneumatic spinner controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, Oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch connection, it is defeated by PLC switching value Inbound port is respectively with assigning switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electricity Magnetic vortex brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 slush pumps Switch, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch are attached；Each switch on driller's operating desk is gathered by PLC, Knob state is to simulate the elevating control of winch, and the rotating speed of rotating disk controls, the speed regulating control of slush pump；Gather winch clutch simultaneously Device position, winch gear, disk clutch position, rotating disk gear, pump control mechanism position, diesel engine power adjuster position；Prison The parameters such as suspending weight, the pressure of the drill, rig bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration are surveyed, are made by PLC control Obtain driller's operating desk and realize the lift control to derrick/base, the rotating speed control to boring disk and the speed regulating control to slush pump.

Wherein top is driven and is provided with scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button, suspension ring on Mechanical course panel Revolution selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring tilt selection and opened Close, brake selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation Selecting switch；Buffer and left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder are provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder Stretching/retraction joystick；The CPU module of wherein the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operating desk is led to Cross A/D modules to be connected with scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button respectively, pass through PLC On-off signal end Mouth turns round selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring with suspension ring respectively Inclination selecting switch, brake selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operation selection are opened Close, direction of rotation selecting switch is attached and top drive is controlled with realizing.

Wherein buffer and left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and liquid are provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder Cylinder stretches out/retracted joystick；The wherein CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of driller's operating desk Handle, fluid cylinder pressure is selected to select handle and fluid cylinder to stretch out/retract joystick and connect with left and right fluid cylinder respectively by A/D modules Connect to be controlled to buffering fluid cylinder.

Parameters Computer as distributed host computer complete whole system data acquisition and control, main control computer and Graphic computer completes the execution of system main program and the processing and display of ring curtain figure, and each computer passes through ICP/IP protocol Interconnection.Front end data acquisition and control between driller's operating desk and rig model are completed by SIEMENS S7-200 PLC, and Connect and compose Siemens's PPI networks.PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data uses RS232 agreements.Wherein the Parameters Computer has There is completion after PLC obtains front end hardware information, send information to the communication module of main control computer, wherein communication module also The information that main control computer sends over is transferred into front end hardware by PLC to be shown.

Derrick core control machine is directly controlled on driller's operating desk from siemens PLC series Programmable logic Controller (PLC) Physical quantity corresponding to operation button, it is each to winch console and front end by teacher's control machine using Parameters Computer as host computer PLC module is managed collectively.Whole system forms a resource-sharing, the dcs of task sharing.Each control Communication between platform uses the special PPI communications protocol of Siemens.

Base core control machine is directly controlled on driller's operating desk from siemens PLC series Programmable logic Controller (PLC) Each physical quantity, using Parameters Computer as host computer, each PLC module of winch console and front end is carried out by teacher's control machine Unified management.Whole system forms a resource-sharing, the dcs of task sharing.Communication between each console Using the special PPI communications protocol of Siemens.

To realize the reusability of stimulating and training system, certain protection device of drilling machine derrick substructure model installation, bag Include drilling derrick crownblock protector, the excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick, the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling derrick, anti-rig bottom Seat excessively jack up unit, the excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure, the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling machine hook.To realize derrick base Raising and decentralization are simultaneously controlled by driller's operating desk, and system realizes winch function using stepper motor.

The main control computer of land rig installation operation stimulating and training system has to last for constantly carrying out with front end hardware Communication, to obtain the equipment state of front end, that is, obtain the operating process of trainee；The equipment for obtaining front end hardware in real time After state, handled by main control computer, drive pattern software produces the animation process synchronous with hardware device operation；Meanwhile Hardware corrected module is additionally provided with, the hardware that serial number is produced to such as knob, handle, foot throttle etc. is corrected, and has been met The use habit of user, artificial site operation feeling.

In a model, the foundation of all mathematical modelings and parameter determine, be all based on it is assumed hereinafter that：

1), drilling fluid annular space large rock-carrying ability Lc >=0.5；Annular space drilling cuttings concentration C a ＜ 0.09；Annular space fluidised form steadiness parameter value Z ≤ hole stability value Z values.

2), all general equation for drilling rate is built upon on the basis of the statistics drillability of stratum, and it reflects uneven quality The macroscopic law of layer drillability.Assume that the pressure of the drill index, rotating speed index, hydraulic parameters, the drilling fluid density that influence drilling speed are poor simultaneously It is the functional relation set up on the basis of the independent variable being independent of each other with these single factor tests such as formation macros.

3) when overflow, occurring in drilling well, it is equal that the aerating mud of the gentle body formation of mud of annular space is entered in the unit interval Even mixing.Under this assumption, we can regard the gas content in the mixing mud of unit volume as equal.

4) after, finding overflow, timely termination of pumping closing well is answered.Before borehole pressure balance, formation gas still can constantly be entered Enter in well.Thus, it is supposed that one section of continuous pure gas column is formed in well in stable this period from termination of pumping closing well to closing well；And In Well Killing Process, this continuous gas column is not destroyed.

5), gas meets Darcy's law from stratum into pit shaft.

If 6) it is, gas into the overflow in well, it assumes that to be expanded when gas overflow rises in annular space, its is expanded The Cheng Fuhe equations of gas state, and ignore gas slip phenomenon.

7), assume that the geothermal gradient in well is a constant, then：

Bottom hole temperature (BHT)=geothermal gradient × well depth+wellhead temperature.

Because this model is mainly used in simulation training, therefore, is calculating time, computational accuracy and clashed with the degree of accuracy When, in principle to protect based on the time, and excessively complicated mathematical modeling is subjected to appropriate simplification, but ensure the standard of qualitative aspect True property.

Operation of teacher platform has main control computer and graphic computer, and wherein the main control computer has main control module, should Main control module is used to be communicated with communication module, obtains hardware device state in real time；The main control computer also includes as follows The analogue means of multiple rig models：Rig model drilling process analogue means, rig model simulating overflow device, rig model Gas expansion analogue means, rig mold cycle calculation of pressure analogue means, rig model drilling tool lifting analogue means and brill The raising of drilling derrick/base of machine model/decentralization analogue means, wherein main control module also include following multiple simulation systems System：Device for raising/lowering operation for simulating land rig derrick/base, pull out of hole and lower brill for simulating land rig The device of operation, the device for simulating land rig drilling operation, the device for simulating the operation of land rig accident emergency.

Operation of teacher platform is mainly used in teacher and student's operational circumstances is monitored, and auto judge is carried out to operating result, Marking.Wherein main control computer is used for the execution for completing said system main program, and it includes being used to storing and setting analog parameter Module, the module for simulation process program, for controlling figure, calculating and drawing the module of kill-job curve, for achievement Evaluation and student management module, gather headend equipment parameter module, control front-end control platform on display instrument module with And executing agency.Graphic computer is used for the processing and display of ring curtain figure, is interconnected between the two by the ICP/IP protocol.

Triple channel ring curtain projection display system includes：Projector, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine.It is wherein described Projector is three Tai Zhengtou projectors, and three projectors, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine form Fusion Edges Optical projection system.Include Geometry rectification module, Fusion Edges module, color correction module in image co-registration machine.Wherein image melts Image information caused by graphic computer is distributed to three projecting apparatus by conjunction machine, and carries out Fusion Edges.The Fusion Edges skill Art is exactly that the picture for one group of projector carries out imbricate, and by integration technology show one without gap, More bright, super large, the entire picture of ultrahigh resolution, the effect of picture is just as the picture for being a projector.When During two Tai Huoduotai projectors combination one width picture of projection, some image overlap is understood, the main function of Fusion Edges is just It is that the lamplight brightness of Liang Tai projectors lap is gradually turned down, makes the brightness of entire picture consistent.

Wherein Geometry rectification module includes：The Geometry rectification module is used for the geometry for correcting projects images, to protect Card Fusion Edges control adapts to a variety of screen configurations, preferably plane configuration, cylinder configuration or spherical configuration, makes to project curtain On picture without geometric distortion.The Geometry rectification module includes following submodules：Utilize longitude and latitude locating module and laser array Sterically defined module is carried out to annular projection's curtain in a manner of dot matrix；Pass through the figure tube side output of computer and annular projection Space laser dot-matrix forms the module of equally spaced standard grid on curtain；By intelligent successive acquisitions projected image and input calculating Machine, and Auto-matching is carried out so as to draw projector image with throwing by the space laser dot matrix on projection screen and standard grid The module of shadow screen corresponding relation；The mould that nonlinear geometry correction is carried out to the image of output is realized using above-mentioned corresponding relation Block.

Wherein Fusion Edges module includes：For dividing the image into the image segmentation module of some regular figures, so that Some regular figures are projected by three projectors respectively, wherein the adjacent pattern edge for being divided into some regular figures is mutual The width of lap figure is that the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge appears in segmentation simultaneously within the 5% of correspondingly-sized The edge of adjacent pattern afterwards；For arranging the longitude and latitude locating module of crisscross warp and weft on the entire image, its Make the color of the warp and weft in each regular figure different, and utilize three projectors by some rule after segmentation Then figure is projected, and regulation projector makes the warp in the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge, and parallel is completed overlapping；Gray scale Adjustment module, the brightness Alpha values for adjusting different projectors are 100% white image, by the photosensitive camera of gray scale to non- Overlapping visuals carries out photoreceptor signal collection, and it is α to set its gray scale, by under the brightness of the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge Adjust, until overlapping gray scale β and non-overlapped figure gray scale are equal or error is gone forward side by side less than 0.5%, then by different projectors one Row projection；

Wherein color correction module includes：Different projecting apparatus are measured when projecting same brightness color using smart camera The module of caused intrinsic brilliance, the photo shot under different brightness is handled to show that the color of every projecting apparatus is reflected Penetrate the module of relation；Before every projector is shown, the color table of different screen is set, produce the mapping of color value so that The same color that different projector projects go out is tried one's best similar module.

Wherein, above-mentioned projector is high-resolution projector, and above-mentioned engineering annular projection curtain can be that LED/LCD annulars are aobvious Display screen.

Land rig installation operation simulation system can also be simulated to accident and complex situations, main analog drilling well Common failure and complex situations in journey.Main control computer produces accident, it is desirable to the phenomenon that trainee is gone out by model reaction Judge accident pattern, and correct process accident.The accident of main analog has：Adhere to bit freezing simulated technological process, sand setting bit freezing analog stream Journey, balling-up sticking simulated technological process, die nipple salvage simulated technological process, junk milling simulated technological process.Its technological process is as follows.

According to the critical piece of above-mentioned land rig installation operation simulation system, the generation method of its three-dimensional animation model is such as Under：

The first step, material collection, early stage, in rig builder the live collection for carrying out screen and photographic material, rig were real Each step of border installation carries out whole shooting by video camera；

Second step, modeling, 3D modeling work is carried out by the material collected；The size of model is fully according to actual rig The size equal proportion of object makes；In order to ensure quality of animation, model is refined；

3rd step, model action, after the completion of 3D modellings, according to installation steps and flow, proceeds by 3D models Action adjustment work, since first step draw base line figure, the installation of each object afterwards includes the action adjustment of crane, object The action adjustment of the animation and upper pin that are installed in place；

The gloss and color system of 4th step, model pinup picture and material, the textures of model and material fully according to true rig Make, ensure that each object is identical with actual conditions in animation, then assigns these materials on the model built up；

5th step, background are set, and rig infield selects to carry out in desert in animation, so having selected short rock And desert is as background；6th step, light is set, and in order to simulate the illumination under true environment, allows whole rig installation scenario Effect of shadow is truer, and the light permutation of exhibitions up to a hundred has been made in whole scene, for simulating the illumination of sky and the sun Irradiation；

7th step, camera lens are set, and the position of alignment lenses had both been presented to the part on screen for animation, in order to ensure to see clearly The installation process of each part, when camera lens is arranged to part, upper pin etc. that alignment is being installed tiny object, camera lens furthers Give feature；

8th step, integrate, complete material collection, modeling, model action, model pinup picture and material, background setting, light Set, after camera lens is set, whole scene is integrated together, both included since draw base line, and the installation of each part, arrived The overall process that the raising of last base finishes；

9th step, is rendered, and the scene integrated is started according to the camera lens set to be rendered to picture, the animation of one second 25 pictures are arranged to, photo resolution is arranged to 2560X768；Render machine for 60 server groups into render farm, pass through 24 hours continual to render, and renders within time-consuming 45 days and finishes, total renders fine picture 192000 and opened；

Tenth step, dub, background music and audio, dub and engage professional voice-over actor to be recorded, including each step peace Explanation when step and derrick lifting is filled, background music coordinates different installation steps, from the background music of different tunes；And In part lifting in place, sledgehammer strikes the positions such as pin and is equipped with corresponding audio；

11st step, later stage synthesis, 192000 pictures rendered are imported into synthesizer, complete screen is synthesized and moves Draw, add the Chinese and English subtitles of explanation, and will dub, background music and audio are simultaneously synthesizing into video；In order to ensure quality, The video format exported after synthesis is the avi file without compression, and whole file is 1.3TB；

12nd step, turn pressure as issue form, play for convenience, it is necessary to which original video files big 1.3TB are turned into pressure； It is arranged to 32000Kbps code checks, WMV8 forms, encoder FFmpeg；The definitive document turned after pressing is 29G；Play smoothness, Image quality is farthest protected.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the analogue means that the present invention is used to simulate land rig

Fig. 2 is land rig display systems structure chart of the present invention

Fig. 3 is the global displaying example of pedestal before the right side of the invention

Fig. 4 is pedestal part displaying example before the right side of the invention

Fig. 5 is hollow crankshaft explosive view displaying example of the present invention

Fig. 6 is driller's operating desk front control panel front view of the present invention

Fig. 7 is driller's operating desk side control panel front view of the present invention

Drive Mechanical course panel front view in the top that Fig. 8 is the present invention

Fig. 9 is the operating desk control planning schematic diagram of the present invention

Figure 10 is drilling derrick/substructure model fundamental diagram of the present invention

Figure 11 is the control system overall construction drawing of the present invention

Figure 12 is the derrick lifting process chart of the present invention

Figure 13 is the base raising process chart of the present invention

The base that Figure 14 is the present invention transfers process chart

The derrick that Figure 15 is the present invention transfers process chart

Figure 16 is the normal lower brill process chart of the present invention

Figure 17 is the slacking off process chart of the present invention

Figure 18 is the normal trip-out process chart of the present invention

Clipping technique flow chart is met in the trip-out that Figure 19 is the present invention

The normal drilling that Figure 20 is the present invention connects column flow chart

Figure 21 suppresses the drilling flow chart jumped off for the present invention's

The high pressure formation that Figure 22 is the present invention creeps into flow chart

The low-pressure stratum that Figure 23 is the present invention creeps into flow chart

Figure 24 is the adhesion bit freezing modeling process chart of the present invention

Figure 25 is the sand setting bit freezing modeling process chart of the present invention

Figure 26 is the balling-up sticking modeling process chart of the present invention

The die nipple that Figure 27 is the present invention salvages modeling process chart

Figure 28 is the junk milling modeling process chart of the present invention

Embodiment

The course of work of the present invention is specifically introduced with reference to Figure of description：

Referring to Fig. 1, the targeted analogue means for being used to simulate land rig of the present invention includes being used to simulate land rig Analogue means, the analogue means include rig model, front-end operations platform, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain projection Display system.Wherein front-end operations platform includes Parameters Computer, and wherein the Parameters Computer is complete as distributed host computer Into the data acquisition and control of whole system, the execution of main control computer and graphic computer completion system main program and ring curtain figure The processing and display of shape.

Driller's operating desk includes cabinet, internal control plate and Parameters Computer, and the front of described cabinet is grasped provided with driller Make platform front control panel, a side of cabinet is provided with driller's operating desk side control panel, and another side of cabinet is set There is top to drive Mechanical course panel and buffer the control panel of fluid cylinder.Wherein it is provided with the control panel of driller's operating desk front Power knob 8, power on button 7, air horn switch 6, anti-collision release button 5, suspending weight trimmer valve 19, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve 17, tongs Torque damping device 14, standpipe pressure damper 15, drag for the used brake controlling switch of brake cylinder clutch, input shaft, shift control switch, cat Head controlling switch, pneumatic spinner controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, parking braking Switch and emergency stop switch；Also include display table group, wherein the display table group includes bleed pressure table 2, cooling water pressure Table, winch oil pressure gauge 3, rotating disk oil pressure gauge 4, rotary torque indicator 13, Pump pressure meter, tongs torque meter 16, left pincers pressure gauge 9, right pincers Torque meter 10, safety tongs pressure gauge 12, cat head pressure gauge 1, drilling torque table, revolution counter, weight indicator 18, rotating disk ammeter, lock Shelves pressure gauge and pulleying pressure gauge, concrete structure are arranged as shown in Figure 6；Assignment is set to open on the control panel of driller station side Pass, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electromagnetic eddy current brake are switched, turned Disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 mud switch pumps, No. 3 slush pumps are opened Close, low pressure alarm switch, concrete structure is arranged as shown in Figure 7；

The internal control plate of front-end operations platform is programmable including the first programmable controller PLC of front-end operations platform 1 and second Controller PLC2, above-mentioned programmable controller PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data to be communicated using RS232 agreements, wherein The CPU module of first programmable controller PLC 1 is switched with power knob, power on button, air horn, is anti-respectively by A/D modules Touch release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for brake cylinder clutch, Input shaft be used to brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, pneumatic spinner controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, Oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch connection, it is defeated by PLC switching value Inbound port is respectively with assigning switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electricity Magnetic vortex brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 slush pumps Switch, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch are attached；Each switch on driller's operating desk is gathered by PLC, Knob state is to simulate the elevating control of winch, and the rotating speed of rotating disk controls, the speed regulating control of slush pump；Gather winch clutch simultaneously Device position, winch gear, disk clutch position, rotating disk gear, pump control mechanism position, diesel engine power adjuster position；Prison The parameters such as suspending weight, the pressure of the drill, rig bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration are surveyed, are made by PLC control Obtain driller's operating desk and realize the lift control to derrick/base, the rotating speed control to boring disk and the speed regulating control to slush pump.

Wherein top is driven and is provided with scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button, suspension ring on Mechanical course panel Revolution selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring tilt selection and opened Close, brake selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation Selecting switch；Buffer and left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder are provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder Stretching/retraction joystick；The CPU module of wherein the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of front-end operations platform is led to Cross A/D modules to be connected with scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button respectively, pass through PLC On-off signal end Mouth turns round selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring with suspension ring respectively Inclination selecting switch, brake selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operation selection are opened Close, direction of rotation selecting switch is attached and top drive is controlled with realizing.

Wherein buffer and left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and liquid are provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder Cylinder stretches out/retracted joystick；The wherein CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of front-end operations platform Handle, fluid cylinder pressure is selected to select handle and fluid cylinder to stretch out/retract joystick and connect with left and right fluid cylinder respectively by A/D modules Connect to be controlled to buffering fluid cylinder.

During work：Make front end stage, rig model, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain Projection Display system first System is both powered up so that land rig installation operation simulation system starts work, and after Parameters Computer startup, automatic running is set " land rig installation operation simulation system parameter program " therein, above-mentioned parameter program is responsible for the state of receiving front-end hardware, Realized in parameter program to primary control program by network transmission after being handled and preferably include " the pressure of the drill ", " suspending weight ", " discharge capacity " Deng the outer aobvious of drilling real-time parameter, and operation setting runnable interface can be entered by program to realize that the equipment of simulation job is initial Chemical industry makees and operation setting.After graphic computer start completion, graphic package therein is run, respectively enters following training Project is selected：Rig installation animation, derrick lifting simulation, Virtual assemble operation, drilling simulated operation and electronic albums, Selected, can be giveed training into different training project modules on graphic computer by operator.

When carrying out rig installation animation, Virtual assemble operation or electronic albums and demonstrating, by the master in operation of teacher platform Control the execution that computer completes main program, the data transfer that the graph data after processing and module action data are passed through into reservation Agreement sends the graphic computer of processing and the display for ring curtain figure to, and the data in graphic computer are transferred to threeway Image co-registration machine in road ring curtain projection display system, image co-registration machine again distribute to image information caused by graphic computer Three projecting apparatus, and Fusion Edges are carried out, after geometric correction and color correction, by the figure number after the processing of above-mentioned main program According to this and module action data projection with sound, image etc. on engineering annular projection curtain, being easy to and operator carries out man-machine friendship Mutual mode shows that rig uses to engineers and technicians, key operation flow and technical essential during installation and removal with And whole drill rig components composition.The system builds the extremely strong visual environment of a sense of reality using virtual Display Technique, allows student There is sensation on the spot in person, show that rig is installed to engineers and technicians with intuitive way, the key operation in unloading process Flow and technical essential, so as to solve the problems such as hardly possible is understood existing for existing traditionally on paper specification and understands ambiguity, make explanation The reading of book is simpler, more vivid, prevents to cause accident to misreading for specification caused by individual understands difference Generation.

Carry out derrick lifting simulation and drilling simulated operation when, upon power-up of the system, first to winch, slush pump and turn Disk carries out initialization operation, each valve member on driller station operating desk is returned to initial position, and driller station is operated and derrick mould Type is linked.During actual use, on the one hand received by the analog- and digital- input port collection on PLC and operated on driller station Analog quantity and digital quantity signal caused by member's operation, are sent to Parameters Computer, Parameters Computer passes through master by above-mentioned signal The communication module of control computer enters information into be drawn suitable for outer aobvious in the various analogue means in main control computer with processing Signal, above-mentioned signal sends the graphic computer of processing and the display for ring curtain figure to by Data Transport Protocol, schemes Data in shape computer are transferred to the image co-registration machine in triple channel ring curtain projection display system, and image co-registration machine again will figure Shape computer-generated image information distributes to three projecting apparatus, and carries out Fusion Edges, by geometric correction and color correction Afterwards, by the graph data after the processing of above-mentioned main program and module action data projection on engineering annular projection curtain, so as to complete The simulation of paired derrick lifting process and drilling operation.On the other hand, using Parameters Computer as host computer, by PLC It is analog- and digital- to count the high-speed pulse signal that port is exported stepper motor is controlled, and then realize driller station to rig The raising of model and the control of lowering operation.Therefore operation simulation system of the present invention can simulate rig installation and use In various operating modes, various possible accidents and the experience of expert are added in training system, people pre-buried by failure To set failure, simultaneous display related data and parameter, comprehensive training operating personnel.System is built using virtual reality technology The extremely strong visual environment of one sense of reality, allows student to have sensation on the spot in person.Pass through drilling repeatedly on stimulating and training system Practice, student can grasp, be familiar with the hints on operation and technical specification of equipment, improve student to various accident judgements and processing Ability, the generation of human accident is reduced, while training cost can also be reduced, enhancement training efficiency.

As shown in Fig. 2 the demo system includes well site entirety display systems and internal structure display systems, wherein described Well site entirety display systems include base, derrick and irrigated area, and the internal structure display systems include turntable structure displaying, winch Configuration shows and slush pump configuration shows.

As shown in Figure 3-4, demo system shows some part.Each part is shown by two views：Global view And partial view, position of the global view display member in whole well site, partial view are the big figure of the part, show the portion The concrete image and parameter of part.Wherein Fig. 3 is the partial view of pedestal before the right side in global view, Fig. 4 for pedestal before the right side, is passed through Such exemplary forms, it can be good at improving the understanding effect of student, enhancement training efficiency.

All parts in rig are supplied to student to select by described device on projection display system in the form of button.When Student have selected the part for being currently needed for installation, if selection is correct, system can show multiple parts that can be installed on screen Position, but only one of which is correct.If student's selection is correct, system can play the peace of the part on ring curtain Fill animation；If select mistake, system prompt setup error.

Also include being amplified model diminution, and three dimensional coordinate space any direction by the operation of mouse in demonstration Mobile or rotation.

Also include the internal structure for choosing part to take apart with three-dimensional display in demonstration, and provide and form all the zero of the part The numbering and title of part, internal structure exposition then show the big important and relative complex portion of rotating disk, winch and slush pump three The internal structure of part, displaying passes through the mode such as explosive view, details annotation, by the form of the important inner body of all parts, position Put, function explains, so as to allow user to understand its groundwork mechanism.

In more detail, present invention additionally comprises these contents：Land rig installation operation simulation system includes：Driller operates Platform, rig model, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain projection display system.

Driller's operating desk includes cabinet, internal control plate and Parameters Computer, and the front of described cabinet is grasped provided with driller Make platform front control panel, a side of cabinet is provided with driller's operating desk side control panel, and another side of cabinet is set There is top to drive Mechanical course panel and buffer the control panel of fluid cylinder.Wherein it is provided with the control panel of driller's operating desk front Power knob, power on button, air horn switch, anti-collision release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping Device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for brake cylinder clutch, input shaft is used to brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, Pneumatic spinner controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and tight Anxious brake switch；Also include display table group, wherein the display table group includes bleed pressure table, cooling water pressure table, winch oil pressure Table, rotating disk oil pressure gauge, rotary torque indicator, Pump pressure meter, tongs torque meter, left pincers pressure gauge, right pincers torque meter, safety tongs pressure Table, cat head pressure gauge, drilling torque table, revolution counter, weight indicator, rotating disk ammeter, backset pressure gauge and pulleying pressure gauge,； On the control panel of driller station side set assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 slush pump Switch, No. 2 mud switch pumps, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch；

5), gas meets Darcy's law from stratum into pit shaft.

7), assume that the geothermal gradient in well is a constant, then：

(1) drilling process model

1), equation for drilling rate

In formula：

A-- the pressure of the drill indexes

B-- rotating speed indexes

C-- strata pressure indexes

D-- drilling fluid density difference coefficients

k_d-- stratum statistics drillability (k_d=0.00165H+0.635)

W-- is than the pressure of the drill (KN/mm)

N-- rotating speeds (rpm)

H_EI-- effective drill bit is than water-horse power (kw/mm²)

ρ_m-- actual or design mud density (g/cm³)

ρ_p-- strata pressure equal yield density (g/cm³)

V-- rate of penetrations (m/h)

2), calculating of effective drill bit than water-horse power

In formula：

H_EI-- effective drill bit is than water-horse power (kw/mm²)

ρ_m-- actual or design mud density (g/cm³)

Q-- discharge capacities, liter/second

D_b-- bit diameter, centimetre

d_e-- nozzle equivalent diameter, centimetre

(j₁, j₂, j₃Nozzle diameter, centimetre)

(2) overflow model

1), flooding process is simulated

During generation overflow, the gas flow entered from stratum in pit shaft increases, and bottom pressure will constantly reduce, and gas enters Speed will be continuously increased, and the change of all parameters is all the continuous function of time during being somebody's turn to do.It is if therefore, fairly small at one Time interval Δ t in, air inflow meets quadratic linear equation.

(1) gas flow calculates

In formula：

Q_gs-- corresponding to P_bStandard state under gas flow amount, m3/s

P_P, P_b-- stratum, shaft bottom effective pressure, kPa

C-- seepage coefficients, 3/ kPa of second (0.2) of rice

Within the j moment Δ t times：

(2) every section of mixture length Δ H_mi×(j)(j=1,2,3 ... n-1)

ΔH_mi×(j)={ Q [P_(j)-P_(j-1)]+U_jQ_gs(j)ln[P_(j)/P_(j-1)]}/(gρQ)

In formula：

Q-- mud displacements, m3/s

KPa

P_(j)-- jth section mixture base pressure, kPa

P_(j-1)-- jth section mixture top pressure, kPa

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter

G-- acceleration of gravity, meter per second 2

(3) annular space mixture total length

(4) spillway discharge in well

(5) every section of mixture density determines

In formula：

-- mud volume fraction in mixture,

A_a-- the overflow segment annular space cross-sectional area, millimeter 2

-- natural-gas integration amount in mixture,

ρ_g-- natural gas density, grams per cubic centimter

Because ρ_gMuch smaller than ρ, institute's above formula is rewritable to be：

2), closing well flooding process is simulated

Closing well process is actually the process that bottom pressure recovers.During firm closing well, it is laminated due to bottom pressure lack of equilibrium Power, formation fluid will also go successively to pit shaft, and the gases at high pressure of entrance compress mineshaft annulus mixture, make casing pressure and standpipe pressure Power is continuously increased.With the extension of closed-in time, bottom pressure gradually increases, and formation fluid admission velocity gradually decreases, until Last bottom pressure equilibrium strata pressure.During closing well, either pit shaft or stratum, all parameters are all the functions of time. Because the mathematical modeling and its computational methods that describe this process are very complicated, it is not described in detail here.After only providing closing well stabilization below The relevant parameter calculation formulas such as shaft bottom mixture length.

(1) shaft bottom mixture length after closing well is stable

In formula：

Δ P=g ρ Q Δs t/A_a

Divide the hop count of mixture in n-- annular spaces

(2) length of the pure gas column in shaft bottom after closing well is stable

H_mix(n+1)=H_mix()-H_mix(n)

(3) gas expansion model

1), the equation of gas state

In formula：

P_s-- the pressure under standard state, kPa

V_s-- the volume under standard state, rice 3

Z_s-- the compressed coefficient under standard state

T_s-- the temperature under standard state, ° K

P-- pressure, kPa

V-- gas volumes, rice 3

T-- temperature, ° K

Z-- is T in temperature, and pressure is the compressed coefficient under conditions of P

As long as we are aware of the pressure at certain moment, temperature and the compressed coefficient, it is possible to try to achieve gas volume now.

2), gas overflow weight caused pressure in annular space

According to gas, gas weight is constant in uphill process in annular space, and gas column is tried to achieve in kill-job with the equation of gas state The density at moment is：

In formula：ρ_s, P_s, T_s, Z_s-- the gas density under standard state, pressure, temperature and the compressed coefficient, T are represented respectively_x-- Gas rises to a certain moment gas column midpoint formation temperature, ° K

Then pressure caused by gas column weight is：

Gas is highly used into gas volume V_x(rice 3) and cross-sectional area A_a(rice 3) represents, then：

A in formula_aThe cross-sectional area of annular space section, change where gas；But, can be by A for convenience of calculation_aValue The average traversal area of whole annular space is taken as, then pressure caused by gas weight is a constant.Because of the value sheet of this pressure To be exactly very little, caused error can be disregarded after so simplifying processing.

3), gas compressive coefficient

Kenneth is quoted, after the formula that R.Hall is proposed is simplified, obtains following calculation formula to seek Z_xValue：

In formula：

Reduced pressure：

Reduced temperature：

Above formula is an implicit form, and it is relatively difficult to be expressed the compressed coefficient with an accurate expression formula , the compressed coefficient can be obtained with trial and error procedure, its solution is：First assume an initial compression factor Z₀, calculate P_r、T_r, then ask Go out W, finally calculate Z again, if | Z-Z₀(ε is precision to |≤ε, is typically taken 0.0001), then illustrates the Z assumed₀It is exactly required Compressibility factor；If | Z-Z₀| ＞ ε, then illustrate to need to assume Z again₀, then calculate Z.Until | Z-Z₀Untill |≤ε meets.

(4) circulating pressure computation model

1), drill bit pressure consumption

In formula：

P_b-- bit pressuredrop, MPa；

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter；

Q-- passes through the mud displacement of bit nozzle, liter/second；

A₀-- jet area is accumulated, and centimetres 2

C-- nozzle orifice coeficients (0.98)

2), drilling rod internal pressure consumes：

In formula：

P_l-- drilling rod internal pressure consumes, Mpa；

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

D-- drilling rod internal diameters, centimetre；

B-- constants, internal flush drill pipe B=0.51655

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_p-- drilling rod overall length, rice.

3), drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption

In formula：

P_l-- drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption, Mpa；

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

D, D₀-- hole diameter and drilling rod external diameter, centimetre；

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_p-- drilling rod overall length, rice.

4), pressure consumption inside drill collar

In formula：

P_l-- pressure consumption, Mpa inside drill collar；

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

d_c-- drill collar internal diameter, centimetre；

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_c-- drill collar total length, rice.

5), the outer annular pressure lost of drill collar

In formula：

P_l-- drill collar outer ring space pressure consumption, Mpa；

ρ -- mud density, grams per cubic centimter；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

D, D_c-- hole diameter and drill collar external diameter, centimetre；

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_c-- drill collar total length, rice.

(5) drilling tool lifting model

1) drill string force model when, making a trip

Pull out of hole：

Lower brill：

In formula：

F-- hook lifting force newton

F_m-- frictional force caused by brake lever (or brake force) newton

F_f-- buoyancy newton

F_f=ρ (∑ q_il_i)ρ_a

The acceleration meter per second 2 of a-- drill strings

q_i-- the unit mass kg/m of drill string

l_i-- the length meter of certain section of drill string

ρ -- mud density grams per cubic centimter

ρ_a-- certain section of drill string density grams per cubic centimter

F_k-- frictional force newton of the drill string in well

G-- acceleration of gravity meter per second 2

2) rate pattern is lifted when, making a trip

V_pt(i)=V_pt(i-1)+aΔt

In formula：

Δ t-- takes time step, second when calculating

V_pt(i)--t_(i)Moment drill string speed, meter per second

The effect of brake lever is to produce a frictional force, and to prevent the motion of drill string in well, therefore, brake lever effect is considered Between 0~1, i.e., when brake lever is fully depressed by, its brake lever act as 1, represents to stop winch extremely；When brake lever lifts completely, its Brake lever act as 0, represents brake strap being totally released.(braking action is exactly brake strap with stopping to this braking action between 0~1 Frictional force caused by car drum) meet winch brake drum friction model.

(6) raising of drilling derrick/base/decentralization model

Derrick lifting transfers model

Derrick lifting force analysis：During derrick lifting, overall rotated around bottom coercive mechanism 0 rises, and overall force analysis is such as Under：

2F (b+c)+Pa=G₁·L₁·cos(α+α₁)+G₂·L₂·cos(α+α₂)

In formula：

A-- is the arm of force of the fast line pull to pivot point 0

B, c-- is respectively the arm of force of the A-frame pulley both sides big lifting rope pulling force to fulcrum 0

L₁、L₂-- the distance of derrick center of gravity and overhead traveling crane center of gravity to fulcrum 0

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

α₁-- for derrick center of gravity and the angle of the line of fulcrum 0 and contour line below derrick

α₂-- for overhead traveling crane center of gravity and the angle of the line of fulcrum 0 and contour line below derrick

G₁-- conduct oneself with dignity for derrick

G₂-- conduct oneself with dignity for overhead traveling crane

P-- is fast line pull

F-- is big lifting rope pulling force

1. arm of force b is calculated with playing lift angle α relational expression：Jack up unit is wherein reduced to a planar motion mechanism, herringbone Frame pulley is reduced to a fixed point.

In formula：

S₁、S₂-- it is structure preset parameter

When A-- keeps flat for derrick, the angle between big lifting rope

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

2. arm of force c is calculated with playing lift angle α relational expression：Derrick side leading block is reduced to a fixed point.

In formula：

S₃-- it is structure preset parameter

When B-- keeps flat for derrick, the angle between big lifting rope

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

3. arm of force a is calculated with playing lift angle α relational expression：Derrick side leading block is reduced to a fixed point.

In formula：

S₄、S₅-- it is structure preset parameter

When C-- keeps flat for derrick, the angle between big lifting rope

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0-90 degree)

4. big lifting rope pulling force F, fast line pull P are calculated with playing lift angle α relational expression：As primary Calculation, sky have ignored Between low-angle, the deformation of rope and tourist bus, the gravity of hook.

In formula：

F-- is big lifting rope pulling force F

P-- is fast line pull

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

L-- be derrick lifting to α angles when, the length of this section of big lifting rope

H-- is vertical height of the derrick top to ground

S₁、S₂-- it is structure preset parameter

5. lifting force P is calculated with playing lift angle α relational expression：

P=G₁·L₁·cos(α+α₁)+G₂·L₂·cos(α+α₂)

In formula：

G₁-- conduct oneself with dignity for derrick

G₂-- conduct oneself with dignity for overhead traveling crane

P-- is fast line pull

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0-90 degree)

H-- is vertical height of the derrick top to ground

S₁、S₂、S₃、S₄、S₅

-- it is structure preset parameter.

Claims

A kind of 1. specification demo system of land rig, it is characterised in that：Including the analogue means for simulating land rig, The analogue means includes rig model, front end driller's operating desk, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain Projection Display system System, wherein front end driller operating desk includes Parameters Computer, and wherein the Parameters Computer is completed as distributed host computer The data acquisition and control of whole system, main control computer and graphic computer complete execution and the ring curtain figure of system main program Processing and display；Each computer is interconnected by ICP/IP protocol；Front end between front end driller's operating desk and rig model Data collection and control is completed by SIEMENS S7-200 PLC, and connects and composes Siemens's PPI networks；PLC calculates with parameter The communication of machine data uses RS232 agreements；Wherein the Parameters Computer, which has, completes after PLC obtains front end hardware information, will believe Breath is sent to the communication module of main control computer, and the information that wherein communication module also sends over main control computer passes through PLC Front end hardware is transferred to be shown；

Front end driller's operating desk includes cabinet, internal control plate and Parameters Computer, and the front of described cabinet is provided with front end department Bore operating desk front control panel, a side of cabinet is provided with front end driller's operating desk side control panel, cabinet it is another Individual side is provided with top and drives Mechanical course panel and buffer the control panel of fluid cylinder；Wherein controlled in front end driller's operating desk front Be provided with panel power knob, power on button, air horn switch, anti-collision release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, Tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for the used brake controlling switch of brake cylinder clutch, input shaft, shift control switch, cat Head controlling switch, pneumatic spinner controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, parking braking Switch and emergency stop switch；Also include display table group, wherein the display table group includes bleed pressure table, cooling water pressure Table, winch oil pressure gauge, rotating disk oil pressure gauge, rotary torque indicator, Pump pressure meter, tong torque meter, it is left pincers torque meter, it is right pincers torque meter, Safety tongs pressure gauge, cat head pressure gauge, drilling torque table, revolution counter, rotating disk ammeter, backset pressure gauge and pulleying pressure Table；Assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test are set on the control panel of front end driller's operating desk side Scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 mud switch pumps, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch；

PLC in the internal control plate of front end driller's operating desk includes the He of front end the first programmable controller PLC of driller's operating desk 1 Second programmable controller PLC 2, above-mentioned programmable controller PLC 1, PLC2 communicate with Parameters Computer data to be assisted using RS232 View is communicated, wherein the CPU module of the first programmable controller PLC 1 is pressed with power knob, start respectively by A/D modules Button, air horn switch, anti-collision release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damping Device, drag for brake cylinder clutch, input shaft is used to brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, the control of pneumatic spinner are opened Pass, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch connection, Pressed respectively with assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test jerk by PLC On-off signal port Button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud Stock pump switch, No. 2 mud switch pumps, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch are attached；Front end department is gathered by PLC Each switch on operating desk is bored, knob state is to simulate the elevating control of winch, and the rotating speed of rotating disk controls, the speed governing of slush pump Control；Gather winch clutch position, winch gear, disk clutch position, rotating disk gear, pump control mechanism position, bavin simultaneously Oil machine power governor position；Monitor suspending weight, the pressure of the drill, rig bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration ginseng Number, the lift control to derrick/base is realized by PLC control front end driller's operating desk, the rotating speed for boring disk is controlled And the speed regulating control to slush pump；

Wherein top, which is driven, is provided with scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button, suspension ring revolution on Mechanical course panel Selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring tilt selecting switch, stopped Car selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation selection are opened Close；Wherein the CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of front end driller operating desk passes through A/D modules point Be not connected with scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button, by PLC On-off signal port respectively with suspension ring Revolution selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring tilt selection and opened Close, brake selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation Selecting switch is attached to be controlled with realizing to top drive；

Wherein buffer and fluid cylinder selection handle in left and right is provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder, fluid cylinder pressure selects handle and fluid cylinder to stretch Go out/retract joystick；The wherein CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of front end driller operating desk Handle, fluid cylinder pressure is selected to select handle and fluid cylinder to stretch out/retract joystick and connect with left and right fluid cylinder respectively by A/D modules Connect to be controlled to buffering fluid cylinder；

Rig model includes derrick model and substructure model, and derrick model includes derrick and derrick core control machine, wherein derrick For open front type derrick, it is made up of main body, A-frame and annex, annex mainly has quadruple board platform, dead line stabilizer, cage ladder, derrick Main body is by epimere, lower-left section and bottom right section in upper left section, upper right section, left epimere, the right side and back of the body crossbeam, brace, link group Into an open front shaped steel frame structure, the adjustment of main body, which is fixed, to be completed by two bayonet locks, A-frame be by left and right foreleg, it is left, The portal structures of right rear leg and crossbeam composition, derrick is put and rests against for rising, jack up unit is by big lifting rope, high trestle, low branch Frame and hook block support composition, derrick use A-frame raising mode, by the power of drilling floor surface winch, by fast line, greatly Hook pulls big lifting rope, realizes derrick lifting, in order to make derrick smoothly by being placed on A-frame during derrick lifting, simultaneously And can makes derrick center of gravity move forward when transferring derrick, and so as to be fallen by derrick dead weight, buffer unit is provided with A-frame, Flexible by buffer unit is realized；

The demo system also includes well site entirety display systems and internal structure display systems, wherein the well site is integrally shown System includes base, derrick and irrigated area, and the internal structure display systems include turntable structure displaying, winch structure displaying and mud Stock pump configuration shows；

Demo system tissue by way of multiple index, some part of the random viewing of user, each part pass through Three view displayings：Global view, partial view and explosive view, position of the global view display member in whole well site, Partial view is the big figure of the part, shows the concrete image and parameter of the part, is annotated in explosive view by details, will be each Form, position, the function of the inner body of individual part explain.