CN104933943B

CN104933943B - A kind of land rig installation operation simulation system

Info

Publication number: CN104933943B
Application number: CN201510035115.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 田永生; 牛永超; 万朝晖; 王任群; 李振东; 李操; 刘渭; 赵京艳; 欧阳凌云; 刘元东
Original assignee: China Petroleum Technology and Development Corp
Current assignee: China Petroleum Technology and Development Corp
Priority date: 2015-01-22
Filing date: 2015-01-22
Publication date: 2017-12-26
Anticipated expiration: 2035-01-22
Also published as: CN104933943A

Abstract

It is used for a kind of land rig installation operation simulation system with independent intellectual property right the invention discloses a kind of, it is based on computer simulation technique and with reference to the practical operation flow of well drilling operation site, realistic simulation is carried out to the drilling process process of ZJ70D land rigs, technical skill training for situ of drilling well operator, enhance the visuality of teaching, training and immerse sense, the training cycle is shortened, result of training is improved, reduces training cost.

Description

A kind of land rig installation operation simulation system

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of rig simulation system, it particularly relates to a kind of land rig installation operation simulation system.

Background technology

Rig belongs to engineering machinery, and the safety in production of engineering machinery not only directly affects the service life of machinery, Er Qieguan It is the safety to people's lives and properties.Therefore must implement " safety first, people-oriented " and " Safety first, precaution crucial " Policy.It is very prominent the problem of in wellsite facility installation, unloading process due to the limitation of technical merit.How to improve equipment makes User's level of skill, the device damage caused by misoperation is avoided, reduces accident, it is tight to be that company must solve at present Compel problem.

, it is necessary to which wellsite facility such as base, derrick, slush pump, preventer group etc. are dismantled after the completion of drilling well, carry To other situ of drilling well, and installed, to start new drillng operation.During equipment installation and removal, it is necessary to abide by Certain operational procedure and technical key point are followed, just can guarantee that the correct installation, correct dismounting and safe handling of equipment.

However, the operational procedure of equipment user and technical key point are mainly the specification and training provided by producer at present Instruction obtains, and operative skill is then to lean on the accumulation of experience and teaching for master worker, and these modes often have problems with：Practice machine Can be limited, it is difficult to improve technical level：Due to the particularity of drillng operation, the work such as the disassembly and installation of drilling equipment often will Some months, or even just carry out once for 1 year, operating personnel are difficult to accumulate various experiences by practical operation.In addition, pacify in equipment In dress, unloading process, accident odds is relatively small, and individual is extremely limited to the process experience of accident, and accident is sentenced Disconnected, disposal ability is difficult accumulation and raising in the production activity of reality.Once burst accident, often due to lacking experience and locating Reason ability, causes the great loss of lives and property.

The content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcomings of existing rig simulator, there is provided a kind of land rig installation operation simulation System.

The goal of the invention of the present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of land rig installation operation simulation system System, it includes rig model, front-end operations platform, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain projection display system.Wherein front end is grasped Making platform includes Parameters Computer, and the wherein Parameters Computer completes the data acquisition of whole system as distributed host computer With control, the execution of main control computer and graphic computer completion system main program and the processing and display of ring curtain figure, each Computer is interconnected by ICP/IP protocol.Front end data acquisition between front-end operations platform and rig model and control by SIEMENS S7-200PLC are completed, and connect and compose Siemens's PPI networks.PLC communicates use with Parameters Computer data RS232 agreements.

Wherein front-end operations platform includes cabinet and internal control plate, and the front of described cabinet is provided with the control of driller station front Panel, a side of cabinet are provided with driller station side control panel, and another side of cabinet is provided with top and drives Mechanical course face Plate and the control panel for buffering fluid cylinder.Wherein power knob, power on button, gas are provided with the control panel of driller station front Horn switch, anti-collision release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for Brake cylinder clutch, input shaft are used to brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, pneumatic spinner controlling switch, roller High low speed switch, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch；Also include display Table group, wherein the display table group includes bleed pressure table, cooling water pressure table, winch oil pressure gauge, rotating disk oil pressure gauge, TORQ Table, Pump pressure meter, tong torque meter, left pincers torque meter, right pincers torque meter, safety tongs pressure gauge, cat head pressure gauge, drilling torque Table, revolution counter, rotating disk ammeter, backset pressure gauge and pulleying pressure gauge；Assignment is set to open on the control panel of driller station side Pass, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electromagnetic eddy current brake are switched, turned Disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 mud switch pumps, No. 3 slush pumps are opened Close, low pressure alarm switch；

The internal control plate of leading portion operating desk is programmable including the first programmable controller PLC of front-end operations platform 1 and second Controller PLC2, above-mentioned programmable controller PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data to be communicated using RS232 agreements, wherein The CPU module of first programmable controller PLC 1 is switched with power knob, power on button, air horn, is anti-respectively by A/D modules Touch release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for brake cylinder clutch, Input shaft be used to brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, pneumatic spinner controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, Oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch connection, it is defeated by PLC switching value Inbound port is respectively with assigning switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electricity Magnetic vortex brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 slush pumps Switch, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch are attached；Each switch on driller's operating desk is gathered by PLC, Knob state is to simulate the elevating control of winch, and the rotating speed of rotating disk controls, the speed regulating control of slush pump；Gather winch clutch simultaneously Device position, winch gear, disk clutch position, rotating disk gear, pump control mechanism position, diesel engine power adjuster position；Prison Suspending weight, the pressure of the drill, rig bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration these parameters are surveyed, pass through PLC control So that driller's operating desk realizes the lift control to derrick/base, the rotating speed control to boring disk and the speed governing control to slush pump System.

Wherein top is driven and is provided with scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button, suspension ring on Mechanical course panel Revolution selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring tilt selection and opened Close, brake selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation Selecting switch；Buffer and left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and fluid cylinder are provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder Stretching/retraction joystick；The CPU module of wherein the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of front-end operations platform is led to Cross A/D modules to be connected with scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button respectively, pass through PLC On-off signal end Mouth turns round selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring with suspension ring respectively Inclination selecting switch, brake selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operation selection are opened Close, direction of rotation selecting switch is attached and top drive is controlled with realizing.

Wherein buffer and left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, fluid cylinder pressure selection handle and liquid are provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder Cylinder stretches out/retracted joystick；The wherein CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of front-end operations platform Handle, fluid cylinder pressure is selected to select handle and fluid cylinder to stretch out/retract joystick and connect with left and right fluid cylinder respectively by A/D modules Connect to be controlled to buffering fluid cylinder.

Rig model includes drilling derrick and base simulator, and wherein derrick is open front type, by main body, A-frame and attached Part forms, and annex mainly has quadruple board platform, dead line stabilizer, cage ladder.Derrick main body is by upper left section, upper right section, left epimere, the right side Epimere, lower-left section and bottom right section and back of the body crossbeam, brace, link form an open front shaped steel frame structure, the adjustment of main body Fixation is completed by two bayonet locks.A-frame is by the portal structures of the composition such as left and right foreleg, left and right back leg and crossbeam, is used for Rise and put and rest against derrick.Jack up unit is made up of big lifting rope, high trestle, low trestle and hook block support.Derrick uses people Cabinet frame raising mode, by the power of drilling floor surface winch, big lifting rope is pulled by fast line, hook, realizes derrick lifting, derrick In order to make derrick smoothly by being placed on A-frame during raising, while and can makes derrick center of gravity move forward when transferring derrick, from And rely on the derrick dead weight to fall, buffer unit is provided with A-frame, flexible by buffer unit is realized.

Base is mainly made up of base body, jack up unit, hydraulic damping device, and base is using parallel-crank mechanism Motion principle, it is achieved thereby that the low level installation of high countertop fixture.Using winch power, make base from low level using hook block Integral lifting is to operating position.Base body is divided into upper, middle and lower-ranking：Upper strata is drilling floor surface part, for installing drilling floor surface Equipment, it is made up of pin connection, lower floor is pedestal base part, behind pedestal before left front pedestal and left back pedestal, the right side and the right side Pedestal connects into left and right two parts with pin respectively.Connecting elements between left and right two parts has tie-beam, link And diagonal brace.Intermediate layer is support section, between upper and lower layer, plays support drilling floor surface and rises and put base.Respectively by herringbone Frame foreleg, A-frame back leg, front column, rear column, oblique column composition, are connected with pin with upper and lower layer.A-frame by foreleg and Back leg two parts are formed, and one end of big lifting rope is fixed on A-frame back leg, and A-frame is during whole base raising Play a part of support.Big lifting rope both ends are equipped with the collar, separately have 1 group of pulley for participating in raising to be fixed on A-frame back leg. The drilling well model also includes protector group, and wherein protector group includes realizing the rig of drilling derrick crown block anti-collision function Derrick crown anticollision device, the excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick for realizing the excessive lifting functions of anti-drilling derrick, realize it is anti-drilling The excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling derrick of the excessive lowering function of motor-pumped well frame, the anti-rig for realizing the excessive lifting functions of anti-rig substructure The excessive jack up unit of base, the excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure for realizing the excessive lowering function of anti-rig substructure, realize it is anti-drilling The excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling machine hook of the excessive lowering function of machine hook.

For purposes of the present application, the core control machine of drilling derrick/base simulator can be compiled from siemens PLC series Range controller, by each physical quantity on S7-200 direct control operation platforms, using parameter machine as host computer, by teacher's control machine Each PL2000 analog machines of winch console and front end are managed collectively.Whole system forms a resource-sharing, task point The dcs of load.Communication between each console uses the special PPI communications protocol of Siemens.

S7-200CPU modules in drilling derrick/base simulator are by checking derrick crownblock protector, anti-drilling motor-pumped well Under the excessive jack up unit of frame, the excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling derrick, the excessive jack up unit of anti-rig substructure, anti-rig substructure are excessive Put device, the state of anti-drilling machine hook excessive downward putting device realizes corresponding function, during preventing student's maloperation damage bore Motor-pumped well frame/base simulator.

To realize the raising of derrick/base and decentralization and being controlled by driller station, system realizes winch using stepper motor Function, devise with the controlled step-by-step impulse of high speed in PLC system.Two PTO/PWM generators are devised in S7-200, can To produce a high-speed pulse string or a pulse-width modulation waveform.One generator is numeral output point Q0.0, another hair Raw device is numeral output point Q0.1.One specified register (SM) position specified is that each generator stores following data：One Individual control byte (8), a count value (32 unsigned numbers) and a cycle or pwm value (16 unsigned numbers).PTO/ PWM generator shares Q0.0 and Q0.1 with Process image register.When activating PTO or PWM functions on Q0.0 or Q0.1, PTO/PWM generators possess control to output, while common output point function is prohibited.Output waveform is not by process image area The influence of state, output point force values or output order execution immediately.When without using PTO/PWM generator functions, to defeated The control gone out a little returns to process image register.Process image register determines the starting and ending state of output waveform, The startup and end of waveform are produced with low and high level.Train of pulse PTO operation is according to given PTO pulse numbers and cycle output one String square wave (dutycycle 50%).PTO can produce single hop train of pulse or multistage train of pulse (using pulse envelope), it is possible to specify Umber of pulse and cycle.PTO functions allow train of pulse " link " or " queuing ", when current burst output is completed, can hold immediately Begin one new train of pulse of output, to ensure the continuity between multiple output pulse strings.

Also there is Parameters Computer, the wherein Parameters Computer has completion hard from PLC acquisitions front end in front-end operations platform After part information, the communication module of main control computer is sent information to, the information that wherein communication module also sends over main control computer is led to Cross PLC and be transferred to front end hardware and shown.

Teaching job platform has main control computer and graphic computer, and wherein the main control computer has main control module, should Main control module is used to be communicated with communication module, obtains hardware device state in real time；The main control computer also includes as follows The analogue means of multiple rig models：Rig model drilling process analogue means, rig model simulating overflow device, rig model Gas expansion analogue means, rig mold cycle calculation of pressure analogue means, rig model drilling tool lifting analogue means and brill The raising of drilling derrick/base of machine model/decentralization analogue means, wherein main control module also include following multiple simulation systems System：Device for raising/lowering operation for simulating land rig derrick/base, pull out of hole and lower brill for simulating land rig The device of operation, the device for simulating land rig drilling operation, the device for simulating the operation of land rig accident emergency.

Operation of teacher platform is mainly used in teacher and student's operational circumstances is monitored, and auto judge is carried out to operating result, Marking.Wherein main control computer is used for the execution for completing said system main program, and it includes being used to storing and setting analog parameter Module, the module for simulation process program, for controlling figure, calculating and drawing the module of kill-job curve, for achievement Evaluation and student management module, gather headend equipment parameter module, control front-end control platform on display instrument module with And executing agency.Graphic computer is used for the processing and display of ring curtain figure, is interconnected between the two by the ICP/IP protocol.

During work：Make front end stage, rig model, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain Projection Display system first System is both powered up so that land rig installation operation simulation system starts work, and after Parameters Computer startup, automatic running is set " land rig installation operation simulation system parameter program " therein, above-mentioned parameter program is responsible for the state of receiving front-end hardware, Realized in parameter program to primary control program by network transmission after being handled and preferably include " the pressure of the drill ", " suspending weight ", " discharge capacity " Deng the outer aobvious of drilling real-time parameter, and operation setting runnable interface can be entered by program to realize that the equipment of simulation job is initial Chemical industry makees and operation setting.After graphic computer start completion, graphic package therein is run, respectively enters following training Project is selected：Rig installation animation, derrick lifting simulation, Virtual assemble operation, drilling simulated operation and electronic albums, Selected, can be giveed training into different training project modules on graphic computer by operator.

When carrying out rig installation animation, Virtual assemble operation or electronic albums and demonstrating, by the master in operation of teacher platform Control the execution that computer completes main program, the data transfer that the graph data after processing and module action data are passed through into reservation Do the graphic computer that view sends processing and display for ring curtain figure to, the data in graphic computer are transferred to threeway Image co-registration machine in road ring curtain projection display system, image co-registration machine again distribute to image information caused by graphic computer Three projecting apparatus, and edge fusion is carried out, after geometric correction and color correction, by the figure number after the processing of above-mentioned main program According to this and module action data projection with sound, image etc. on engineering annular projection curtain, being easy to and operator carries out man-machine friendship Mutual mode shows that rig uses to engineers and technicians, key operation flow and technical essential during installation and removal with And whole drill rig components composition.The system builds the extremely strong visual environment of a sense of reality using virtual Display Technique, allows student There is sensation on the spot in person, show that rig is installed to engineers and technicians with intuitive way, the key operation in unloading process Flow and technical essential, so as to solve the problems such as hardly possible is understood existing for existing traditionally on paper specification and understands ambiguity, make explanation The reading of book is simpler, more vivid, prevents to cause accident to misreading for specification caused by individual understands difference Generation.

Carry out derrick lifting simulation and drilling simulated operation when, upon power-up of the system, first to winch, slush pump and turn Disk carries out initialization operation, each valve member on driller station operating desk is returned to initial position, and driller station is operated and derrick mould Type is linked.During actual use, on the one hand received by the analog- and digital- input port collection on PLC and operated on driller station Analog quantity and digital quantity signal caused by member's operation, are sent to Parameters Computer, Parameters Computer passes through master by above-mentioned signal The communication module of control computer enters information into be drawn suitable for outer aobvious in the various analogue means in main control computer with processing Signal, above-mentioned signal sends the graphic computer of processing and the display for ring curtain figure to by Data Transport Protocol, schemes Data in shape computer are transferred to the image co-registration machine in triple channel ring curtain projection display system, and image co-registration machine again will figure Shape computer-generated image information distributes to three projecting apparatus, and carries out edge fusion, by geometric correction and color correction Afterwards, by the graph data after the processing of above-mentioned main program and module action data projection on engineering annular projection curtain, so as to complete The simulation of paired derrick lifting process and drilling operation.On the other hand, using Parameters Computer as host computer, by PLC It is analog- and digital- to count the high-speed pulse signal that port is exported stepper motor is controlled, and then realize driller station to rig The raising of model and the control of lowering operation.Therefore operation simulation system of the present invention can simulate rig installation and use In various operating modes, various possible accidents and the experience of expert are added in training system, people pre-buried by failure To set failure, simultaneous display related data and parameter, comprehensive training operating personnel.System is built using virtual reality technology The extremely strong visual environment of one sense of reality, allows student to have sensation on the spot in person.Pass through drilling repeatedly on stimulating and training system Practice, student can grasp, be familiar with the hints on operation and technical specification of equipment, improve student to various accident judgements and processing Ability, the generation of human accident is reduced, while training cost can also be reduced, enhancement training efficiency.

Triple channel ring curtain projection display system includes：Projector, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine.It is wherein described Projector is three Tai Zhengtou projectors, and three projectors, which with engineering annular projection curtain combination image merge machine and form edge, melts Close optical projection system.Include Geometry rectification module, edge Fusion Module, color correction module in image co-registration machine.Wherein image Image information caused by graphic computer is distributed to three projecting apparatus by fusion machine, and carries out edge fusion.The edge fusion Technology is exactly that the picture for one group of projector carries out imbricate, and shows that does not have a gap by integration technology More bright, super large, high-resolution entire picture, the effect of picture is like the picture of a projector.When two Or during Duo Tai projectors combination one width picture of projection, understand some image overlap, the main function of edge fusion is exactly handle The lamplight brightness of Liang Tai projectors lap is gradually turned down, and makes the brightness of entire picture consistent.

Wherein Geometry rectification module includes：The Geometry rectification module is used for the geometry for correcting projects images, to protect Card edge fused controlling adapts to a variety of screen configurations, preferably plane configuration, cylinder configuration or spherical configuration, makes to project tomb On picture without geometric distortion.The Geometry rectification module includes following submodules：Utilize longitude and latitude locating module and laser array Sterically defined module is carried out to annular projection's curtain in a manner of dot matrix；Pass through the figure tube side output of computer and annular projection Space laser dot-matrix forms the module of equally spaced standard grid on curtain；By intelligent successive acquisitions projected image and input calculating Machine, and Auto-matching is carried out so as to draw projector image with throwing by the space laser dot matrix on projection screen and standard grid The module of shadow screen corresponding relation；The mould that nonlinear geometry correction is carried out to the image of output is realized using above-mentioned corresponding relation Block.

Wherein Fusion Edges module includes：For dividing the image into the image segmentation module of some regular figures, so that Some regular figures are projected by three projectors respectively, wherein the adjacent pattern edge for being divided into some regular figures is mutual The width of lap figure is that the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge appears in segmentation simultaneously within the 5% of correspondingly-sized The edge of adjacent pattern afterwards；For arranging the longitude and latitude locating module of crisscross warp and weft on the entire image, its Make the color of the warp and weft in each regular figure different, and utilize three projectors by some rule after segmentation Then figure is projected, and regulation projector makes the warp in the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge, and parallel is completed overlapping；Gray scale Adjustment module, the brightness Alpha values for adjusting different projectors are 100% white image, by the photosensitive camera of gray scale to non- Overlapping visuals carries out photoreceptor signal collection, and it is α to set its gray scale, by under the brightness of the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge Adjust, until overlapping gray scale β and non-overlapped figure gray scale are equal or error is gone forward side by side less than 0.5%, then by different projectors one Row projection；

Wherein color correction module includes：Different projecting apparatus are measured when projecting same brightness color using smart camera The module of caused intrinsic brilliance, the photo shot under different brightness is handled to show that the color of every projecting apparatus is reflected Penetrate the module of relation；Before every projector is shown, the color table of different screen is set, produce the mapping of color value so that The same color that different projector projects go out is tried one's best similar module.

Front-end operations platform has Parameters Computer, and wherein the Parameters Computer, which has, completes to obtain front end hardware letter from PLC After breath, the communication module of main control computer is sent information to, the information that wherein communication module also sends over main control computer passes through PLC Front end hardware is transferred to be shown.

Teaching job platform has main control computer and graphic computer, and wherein the main control computer has main control module, should Main control module is used to be communicated with communication module, obtains hardware device state in real time；The main control computer also includes as follows The analogue means of multiple rig models：Rig model drilling process analogue means, rig model simulating overflow device, rig model Gas expansion analogue means, rig mold cycle calculation of pressure analogue means, rig model drilling tool lifting analogue means and brill The raising of drilling derrick/base of machine model/decentralization analogue means, wherein main control module also include following multiple simulation systems System：Device for raising/lowering operation for simulating land rig derrick/base, pull out of hole and lower brill for simulating land rig The device of operation, the device for simulating land rig drilling operation, the device for simulating the operation of land rig accident emergency；

Land rig operation simulation method includes：For simulating raising/lowering operation of land rig drilling derrick/base Method, for simulate land rig pull out of hole and drill down operator method, for simulate the method for land rig drilling operation with And the method for simulating the operation of land rig accident emergency.

The above method has advantages below：The top drive drilling simulation of height emulation is realized, enhances teaching, training Presence, the training cycle is shortened, result of training is improved, reduces training cost.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the system hardware structure figure of the present invention

Fig. 2 is the driller station front control panel front view of the present invention

Fig. 3 is the driller station side control panel front view of the present invention

Drive Mechanical course panel front view in the top that Fig. 4 is the present invention

Fig. 5 is the operating desk control planning schematic diagram of the present invention

Fig. 6 is drilling derrick/substructure model fundamental diagram of the present invention

Fig. 7 is the control system overall construction drawing of the present invention

Fig. 8 is the derrick lifting process chart of the present invention

Fig. 9 is the base raising process chart of the present invention

The base that Figure 10 is the present invention transfers process chart

The derrick that Figure 11 is the present invention transfers process chart

Figure 12 is the normal lower brill process chart of the present invention

Figure 13 is the slacking off process chart of the present invention

Figure 14 is the normal trip-out process chart of the present invention

Clipping technique flow chart is met in the trip-out that Figure 15 is the present invention

The normal drilling that Figure 16 is the present invention connects column flow chart

Figure 17 suppresses the drilling flow chart jumped off for the present invention's

The high pressure formation that Figure 18 is the present invention creeps into flow chart

The low-pressure stratum that Figure 19 is the present invention creeps into flow chart

Figure 20 is the adhesion bit freezing modeling process chart of the present invention

Figure 21 is the sand setting bit freezing modeling process chart of the present invention

Figure 22 is the balling-up sticking modeling process chart of the present invention

The die nipple that Figure 23 is the present invention salvages modeling process chart

Figure 24 is the junk milling modeling process chart of the present invention

Embodiment

Technical scheme is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：A kind of land rig installation operation simulation system, It includes rig model, front-end operations platform, operation of teacher platform and triple channel ring curtain projection display system.Wherein front-end operations Platform includes Parameters Computer, wherein the Parameters Computer as distributed host computer complete the data acquisition of whole system with Control, main control computer and graphic computer complete the execution of system main program and the processing and display of ring curtain figure, each meter Calculation machine is interconnected by ICP/IP protocol.Front end data acquisition and control between front-end operations platform and rig model is by SIEMENS S7-200PLC is completed, and connects and composes Siemens's PPI networks.PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data uses RS232 agreements, should The overall hardware structure diagram of system is as shown in Figure 1.

Wherein front-end operations platform includes cabinet and internal control plate, and the front of described cabinet is provided with the control of driller station front Panel, a side of cabinet are provided with driller station side control panel, and another side of cabinet is provided with top and drives Mechanical course face Plate and the control panel for buffering fluid cylinder.Wherein be provided with the control panel of driller station front power knob 8, power on button 7, Air horn switch 6, anti-collision release button 5, suspending weight trimmer valve 19, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve 17, tongs torque damping device 14, standpipe pressure Damper 15, drag for the used brake controlling switch of brake cylinder clutch, input shaft, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, pneumatic spinner control Make switch, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch； Also include display table group, wherein the display table group includes bleed pressure table 2, cooling water pressure table, winch oil pressure gauge 3, rotating disk oil Press table 4, rotary torque indicator 13, Pump pressure meter, tongs torque meter 16, left pincers pressure gauge 9, right pincers torque meter 10, safety tongs pressure gauge 12nd, cat head pressure gauge 1, drilling torque table, revolution counter, weight indicator 18, rotating disk ammeter, backset pressure gauge and pulleying pressure Table, concrete structure are arranged as shown in Figure 2；Assignment switch 59, generator scram button are set on the control panel of driller station side 21st, rectification scram button 23, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches 41, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch 22, rotating disk rotating choosing Select switch 26-27, winch rotating selecting switch 28-29, No. 1 slush pump of mud switch pump 32,3 of mud switch pump 30,2 Switch 34, low pressure alarm switch 39, concrete structure is arranged as shown in Figure 3；

The internal control plate of leading portion operating desk is programmable including the first programmable controller PLC of front-end operations platform 1 and second Controller PLC2, above-mentioned programmable controller PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data to be communicated using RS232 agreements, wherein The CPU module of first programmable controller PLC 1 is switched with power knob, power on button, air horn, is anti-respectively by A/D modules Touch release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damper, drag for brake cylinder clutch, Input shaft be used to brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, pneumatic spinner controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, Oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch connection, it is defeated by PLC switching value Inbound port is respectively with assigning switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electricity Magnetic vortex brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud switch pump, No. 2 slush pumps Switch, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch are attached；Each switch on driller's operating desk is gathered by PLC, Knob state is to simulate the elevating control of winch, and the rotating speed of rotating disk controls, the speed regulating control of slush pump；Gather winch clutch simultaneously Device position, winch gear, disk clutch position, rotating disk gear, pump control mechanism position, diesel engine power adjuster position；Prison Suspending weight, the pressure of the drill, rig bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration these parameters are surveyed, pass through PLC control So that driller's operating desk realizes the lift control to derrick/base, the rotating speed control to boring disk and the speed governing control to slush pump System, the wherein control planning of console are as shown in Figure 5.

Wherein top is driven and is provided with scram button 60, suspension ring middle position button 82, reset/mute button on Mechanical course panel 70th, suspension ring revolution selecting switch 83, inner blowout preventer switch 87, hydraulic pressure switch pump 61, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch 64, Suspension ring tilt selecting switch 66, brake selecting switch 68, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch 65, selection of Motor switch 67, Operating selection switch 69, direction of rotation selecting switch 71；Buffer be provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder left and right fluid cylinder selection handle, Fluid cylinder pressure selects handle and fluid cylinder stretches out/retracted joystick, and concrete structure is arranged as shown in Figure 4；Wherein front end is grasped Make the CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of platform by A/D modules respectively with scram button, suspension ring Middle position button, reset/mute button connection, selecting switch, interior anti-is turned round with suspension ring by PLC On-off signal port respectively Spray apparatus switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring tilt selecting switch, brake selecting switch, auxiliary Help Operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation selecting switch to be attached with Realize and top drive is controlled.

For purposes of the present application, the core control machine of drilling derrick/base simulator can be compiled from siemens PLC series Range controller, by each physical quantity on S7-200 direct control operation platforms, using parameter machine as host computer, by teacher's control machine Each PL2000 analog machines of winch console and front end are managed collectively.Whole system forms a resource-sharing, task point The dcs of load.Communication between each console uses the special PPI communications protocol of Siemens, and System Working Principle is such as Shown in accompanying drawing 6.

Teaching job platform has main control computer and graphic computer, and wherein the main control computer has main control module, should Main control module is used to be communicated with communication module, obtains hardware device state in real time；The main control computer also includes as follows The analogue means of multiple rig simulators：Rig simulator drilling process analogue means, rig simulator simulating overflow device, bore Machine simulator gas expansion analogue means, rig simulator circulating pressure calculating simulation device, rig simulator drilling tool lifting mould Intend raising/decentralization analogue means of drilling derrick/base of device and rig simulator, wherein main control module also include just like Under multiple simulation systems：Device for raising/lowering operation for simulating land rig derrick/base, bore for simulating land Machine pulls out of hole answers with the device of drill down operator, the device for simulating land rig drilling operation, for simulating land rig accident The device suddenly operated.

Operation of teacher platform is mainly used in teacher and student's operational circumstances is monitored, and auto judge is carried out to operating result, Marking.Wherein main control computer is used for the execution for completing said system main program, and it includes being used to storing and setting analog parameter Module, the module for simulation process program, for controlling figure, calculating and drawing the module of kill-job curve, for achievement Evaluation and student management module, gather headend equipment parameter module, control front-end control platform on display instrument module with And executing agency.Graphic computer is used for the processing and display of ring curtain figure, is interconnected between the two by the ICP/IP protocol, entirely The control system overall construction drawing of system is as shown in Figure 7.

When carrying out rig installation animation, Virtual assemble operation or electronic albums and demonstrating, by the master in operation of teacher platform Control the execution that computer completes main program, the data transfer that the graph data after processing and module action data are passed through into reservation Agreement sends the graphic computer of processing and the display for ring curtain figure to, and the data in graphic computer are transferred to threeway Image co-registration machine in road ring curtain projection display system, image co-registration machine again distribute to image information caused by graphic computer Three projecting apparatus, and edge fusion is carried out, after geometric correction and color correction, by the figure number after the processing of above-mentioned main program According to this and module action data projection with sound, image etc. on engineering annular projection curtain, being easy to and operator carries out man-machine friendship Mutual mode shows that rig uses to engineers and technicians, key operation flow and technical essential during installation and removal with And whole drill rig components composition.The system builds the extremely strong visual environment of a sense of reality using virtual Display Technique, allows student There is sensation on the spot in person, show that rig is installed to engineers and technicians with intuitive way, the key operation in unloading process Flow and technical essential, so as to solve the problems such as hardly possible is understood existing for existing traditionally on paper specification and understands ambiguity, make explanation The reading of book is simpler, more vivid, prevents to cause accident to misreading for specification caused by individual understands difference Generation.

A kind of fusion projecting method of triple channel ring curtain projection display system is directed to, applied to above three projector The triple channel ring curtain projection display system projected side by side to annular curtain, including following steps：

View picture content to be projected is separated into more sub- project contents, every one projector of sub- project content by step 1. Projected, control the project content of each projector's passage to merge in real time, by each fusion project content using pixel to be single Position carries out overlapping and alignment, wherein imbricate project content of the fusion project content between two neighboring projector；

Step 2. carries out nonlinear geometry correction to each projector so that the project content of each projector forms one Entire image；

Step 3. enters Mobile state adjustment and light intensity to the image at the dynamic play picture splicing of the fusion project content The light and shade transition of degree；

Step 4. is decomposed to fusion project content, to the RGB face in each pixel shader point in fusion project content Chrominance signal is filtered, and is screened and is separated, and the luminous intensity equivalent for merging pixel in project content is reduced into non-fused region The corresponding percentage of pixel luminous intensity equivalent is between 15% to the 75% of brightness；

Step 5. dynamically adjusts the pixel color of project content, coordinates luminous intensity and color, makes the two being consistent property.

Teaching job platform has main control computer and graphic computer, and wherein the main control computer has main control module, should Main control module is used to be communicated with communication module, obtains hardware device state in real time；The main control computer also includes as follows The analogue means of multiple rig simulators：Rig simulator drilling process analogue means, rig simulator simulating overflow device, bore Machine simulator gas expansion analogue means, rig simulator circulating pressure calculating simulation device, rig simulator drilling tool lifting mould Intend raising/decentralization analogue means of drilling derrick/base of device and rig simulator, wherein main control module also include just like Under multiple simulation systems：Device for raising/lowering operation for simulating land rig derrick/base, bore for simulating land Machine pulls out of hole answers with the device of drill down operator, the device for simulating land rig drilling operation, for simulating land rig accident The device suddenly operated；

Wherein rig simulator drilling process analogue means includes what is communicated with front end hardware equipment and graphics processing unit Communication module and drilling process analog module, it is in order to obtain hardware device state in real time, then with front end hardware equipment communication The mathematical modeling internally simulated by related drilling process is with analogic drilling technical process.

Wherein described rig simulator drilling process analogue means include with lower module with realize drilling process simulate：

(1) headend equipment that can be initialized before operation, state parameter and operation for reading headend equipment are ordered The communication module of order；The equipment status parameter used in wherein above-mentioned analogue means includes original state parameter, specifically includes fortune Dynamic tubing string internal diameter d₀, motion tubing string outside diameter d_i, hole diameter D, drill string acceleration a drill strings unit mass q_iThe length of certain section of drill string l_iMud density ρ, fluid sticking coefficient K_C, the Fluid Volume Q that arranges of time step Δ t, gravity acceleration g, unit interval_t；Dynamically Parameter includes：Frictional force F caused by brake lever_m, tubing string lifting speed V_P, the amount of liquid Q that returns out in tubing string_i, lifting drill string length L_P, slush pump volume flow Q_P, annular space mean flow rate V₁, certain section of drill string density p_a, frictional force F of the drill string in well_k；

(2) there is the mathematical modeling of the drilling process simulation pre-established in and for the equipment status parameter according to acquisition And operational order, calculate the drilling process analog module of the work data for realizing drilling process simulation animation；Wherein creep into work The mathematical modeling of skill simulation includes drilling speed computation model, drill bit than water-horse power computation model；

(3) drilling process analog module communicates initial to exchange according to the first data format of setting with graphics processing unit Change data and work data, the animation that graphics processing unit completes drilling process accordingly show；Wherein graphics processing unit includes Full three-dimensional entity model storehouse, graphic plotting module and vision simulation control module, wherein graphic plotting module is by equipment class figure Drafting module, particle class graphic plotting module, management class graphic plotting module and technique animation drafting module composition, vision simulation Control module is shown by scene initialization module, technique animation control module, hit-treatment module, special efficacy rendering module and parameter Module.

(4) graphics processing unit communicates according to the second data format of setting with drilling process analog module, dynamic to exchange Draw status information；

(5) it is used for the module for repeating aforesaid operations.

Wherein described drilling speed computation model is：

1), drilling rate model

In formula：

A-- the pressure of the drill indexes

B-- rotating speed indexes

C-- strata pressure indexes

D-- drilling fluid density difference coefficients

k_d-- stratum statistics drillability (k_d=0.00165H+0.635)

W-- is than the pressure of the drill (KN/mm)

N-- rotating speeds (rpm)

H_EI-- effective drill bit is than water-horse power (kw/mm²)

ρ_m-- actual or design mud density (g/cm³)

ρ_p-- strata pressure equal yield density (g/cm³)

V-- rate of penetrations (m/h)

Wherein drill bit is than water-horse power model：

2), effective drill bit is than water-horse power model

In formula：

H_EI-- effective drill bit is than water-horse power (kw/mm²)

ρ_m-- actual or design mud density (g/cm³)

Q-- discharge capacities, liter/second

D_b-- bit diameter, centimetre

d_e-- nozzle equivalent diameter, centimetre

(j₁, j₂, j₃Nozzle diameter, centimetre).

Wherein rig simulator simulating overflow device includes the communication to be communicated with front end hardware equipment and graphics processing unit Module and rig simulating overflow module, be with front end hardware equipment communication in order to obtain hardware device state in real time, then including Portion is by the mathematical modeling of related rig simulating overflow to simulate rig flooding process.

Wherein described rig simulator simulating overflow device include with lower module with realize drilling well flooding process simulate：

(1) headend equipment that can be initialized before operation, state parameter and operation for reading headend equipment are ordered The communication module of order；The equipment status parameter used in wherein above-mentioned analogue means includes original state parameter, specifically includes fortune Dynamic tubing string internal diameter d₀, motion tubing string outside diameter d_i, hole diameter D, drill string acceleration a drill strings unit mass q_iThe length of certain section of drill string l_iMud density ρ, fluid sticking coefficient K_C, the Fluid Volume Q that arranges of time step Δ t, gravity acceleration g, unit interval_t；Dynamically Parameter includes：Frictional force F caused by brake lever_m, tubing string lifting speed V_P, the amount of liquid Q that returns out in tubing string_j, lifting drill string length L_P, slush pump volume flow Q_P, annular space mean flow rate V₁, certain section of drill string density p_a, frictional force F of the drill string in well_k；

(2) there is the mathematical modeling of the rig simulating overflow pre-established in and for the equipment status parameter according to acquisition And operational order, calculate the rig simulating overflow module of the work data for realizing rig simulating overflow animation；Wherein rig overflows The mathematical modeling of flow field simulation includes rig flooding process simulation model and closing well flooding process simulation model；

(3) rig simulating overflow module communicates initial to exchange according to the first data format of setting with graphics processing unit Change data and work data, the animation that graphics processing unit completes rig overflow accordingly show；Wherein graphics processing unit includes Full three-dimensional entity model storehouse, graphic plotting module and vision simulation control module, wherein graphic plotting module is by equipment class figure Drafting module, particle class graphic plotting module, management class graphic plotting module and technique animation drafting module composition, vision simulation Control module is shown by scene initialization module, technique animation control module, hit-treatment module, special efficacy rendering module and parameter Module.

(4) graphics processing unit is moved according to the second data format and rig simulating overflow module communication of setting with exchanging Draw status information；

(5) it is used for the module for repeating aforesaid operations.

Wherein rig flooding process simulation model includes following submodel：Gas flow calculates model, every section of mixture length Computation model, annular space mixture total length computation model, spillway discharge model and every section of mixture density model in well are spent, respectively It is as follows

(1) gas flow calculates model：

In formula：

Q_gs-- corresponding to P_bStandard state under gas flow amount, rice³/ the second

P_P, P_b-- stratum, shaft bottom effective pressure, kPa

C-- seepage coefficients, rice³/ kPa the second (0.2)

Within the j moment Δ t times：

(2) every section of mixture length computation model：

ΔH_mi×(i)(j=1,2,3 ... ... n-1)

ΔH_mi×(j)={ Q [P_(j)-P_(j-1)]+U_jQ_gs(j)ln[P_(j)/P_(j-1)]}/(gρQ)

In formula：

Q-- mud displacements, rice³/ the second

KPa

P_(j)-- jth section mixture base pressure, kPa

P_(j-1)-- jth section mixture top pressure, kPa

ρ -- mud density, gram per centimeter³

G-- acceleration of gravity, meter per second²

(3) annular space mixture total length computation model：

(4) spillway discharge in well

(5) every section of mixture density computation model：

In formula：

-- mud volume fraction in mixture,

A_a-- the overflow segment annular space cross-sectional area, millimeter²

-- natural-gas integration amount in mixture,

ρ_g-- natural gas density, gram per centimeter³。

Closing well flooding process simulation model includes following submodel：After closing well is stable shaft bottom mixture length computation model with And closing well it is stable after the pure gas column in shaft bottom length computation model, be respectively：

Shaft bottom mixture length computation model after closing well is stable：

In formula：

Δ P=g ρ Q Δs t/A_a

Divide the hop count of mixture in n-- annular spaces

(2) length of the pure gas column in shaft bottom after closing well is stable

H_mix(n+1)=H_mixO-H_mix(n)。

Wherein rig simulator gas expansion analogue means includes what is communicated with front end hardware equipment and graphics processing unit Communication module and rig gas expansion analog module, with front end hardware equipment communication be in order to obtain hardware device state in real time, Then the mathematical modeling internally simulated by related rig gas expansion is to simulate rig gas expansion process.

Wherein described rig simulator gas expansion analogue means include with lower module with realize drilling well gas expansion simulate：

(2) there is the mathematical modeling of the rig gas expansion simulation pre-established in and for the equipment state according to acquisition Parameter and operational order, calculate the rig gas expansion simulation mould for the work data for realizing rig gas expansion simulation animation Block；The mathematical modeling of wherein rig gas expansion simulation includes gaseous state model, gas overflow weight caused by annular space Pressure model and natural gas compressing model；

(3) rig gas expansion analog module is communicated to exchange according to the first data format of setting with graphics processing unit Initialization data and work data, the animation that graphics processing unit completes rig overflow accordingly show；Wherein graphics processing unit Including full three-dimensional entity model storehouse, graphic plotting module and vision simulation control module, wherein graphic plotting module is by equipment class Graphic plotting module, particle class graphic plotting module, management class graphic plotting module and technique animation drafting module composition, what comes into a driver's Simulation Control module is by scene initialization module, technique animation control module, hit-treatment module, special efficacy rendering module and parameter Display module.

(4) graphics processing unit communicates according to the second data format of setting with rig gas expansion analog module, to hand over Move picture status information；

(5) it is used for the module for repeating aforesaid operations.

The mathematical modeling of wherein rig gas expansion simulation includes gaseous state model, gas overflow weight is produced in annular space Raw pressure model and natural gas compressing model, it is as follows respectively

(1) gaseous state model

In formula：

P_s-- the pressure under standard state, dry pa

V_s-- the volume under standard state, rice³

Z_s-- the compressed coefficient under standard state

T_s-- the temperature under standard state, ° K

P-- pressure, kPa

V-- gas volumes, rice³

T-- temperature, ° K

Z-- is T in temperature, and pressure is the compressed coefficient under conditions of P

As long as it is aware of the pressure at certain moment, temperature and the compressed coefficient, it is possible to try to achieve gas volume now.

2), gas overflow weight caused pressure model in annular space

According to gas, gas weight is constant in uphill process in annular space, and gas column is tried to achieve in kill-job with the equation of gas state The density at moment is：

In formula：ρ_s, P_s, T_s, Z_s-- the gas density under standard state, pressure, temperature and the compressed coefficient, T are represented respectively_s-- Gas rises to a certain moment gas column midpoint formation temperature, ° K

Then pressure caused by gas column weight is：

Gas is highly used into gas volume V_x(rice³) and cross-sectional area A_a(rice³) represent, then：

A in formula_aThe cross-sectional area of annular space section, change where gas；But, can be by A for convenience of calculation_aValue The average traversal area of whole annular space is taken as, then pressure caused by gas weight is a constant.Because of the value sheet of this pressure To be exactly very little, caused error can be disregarded after so simplifying processing.

3), natural gas compressing model

Kenneth is quoted, after the formula that R.Hall is proposed is simplified, obtains following calculation formula to seek Z_xValue：

In formula：

Reduced pressure

Reduced temperature

Above formula is an implicit form, and its solution is：First assume an initial compression factor Z₀, calculate P_r、T_r, then ask Go out W, finally calculate Z again, if | Z-Z₀(ε is precision to |≤ε, is typically taken 0.0001), then illustrates the Z assumed₀It is exactly required Compressibility factor；If | Z-Z₀| ＞ ε, then illustrate to need to assume Z again₀, then calculate Z.Until | Z-Z₀Untill |≤ε meets.

Wherein rig simulator circulating pressure calculating simulation device includes leading to front end hardware equipment and graphics processing unit The communication module and rig circulating pressure calculating simulation module of letter, with front end hardware equipment communication are set to obtain hardware in real time Standby state, then internally by the mathematical modeling of related rig circulating pressure calculating simulation to simulate the circulating pressure mistake of rig Journey.

Wherein described rig simulator circulating pressure calculating simulation device is included with lower module to realize rig circulating pressure The simulation of process：

(2) there is the rig circulating pressure calculating simulation model pre-established in and is used to be joined according to the equipment state of acquisition Number and operational order, the rig circulating pressure for calculating the work data for realizing rig circulating pressure process simulation animation calculate mould Intend module；Wherein rig circulating pressure calculating simulation model includes drill bit pressure consumption model, drilling rod internal pressure consumption model, drilling rod outer ring Pressure consumption model and the outer annular pressure lost model of drill collar inside space pressure consumption model, drill collar；

(3) rig circulating pressure calculating simulation module according to the first data format and the graphics processing unit of setting communicate with Exchange initialization data and work data, the animation that graphics processing unit completes rig circulating pressure process accordingly show；Wherein Graphics processing unit includes full three-dimensional entity model storehouse, graphic plotting module and vision simulation control module, wherein graphic plotting Module is drawn by equipment class graphic plotting module, particle class graphic plotting module, management class graphic plotting module and technique animation Module forms, and vision simulation control module is by scene initialization module, technique animation control module, hit-treatment module, special efficacy Rendering module and parameter display module.

(4) graphics processing unit according to setting the second data format and rig circulating pressure calculating simulation module communication, To exchange animated state information；

(5) it is used for the module for repeating aforesaid operations.

Wherein rig circulating pressure calculating simulation model includes drill bit pressure consumption model, drilling rod internal pressure consumption model, drilling rod outer shroud Shape space pressure consumes the as follows of model, drill collar inside pressure consumption model and the outer annular pressure lost model of drill collar：

1), drill bit pressure consumption model

In formula：

P_b-- bit pressuredrop, MPa；

ρ -- mud density, gram per centimeter³；

Q-- passes through the mud displacement of bit nozzle, liter/second；

A₀-- jet area is accumulated, centimetre²

C-- nozzle orifice coeficients (0.98)

2), drilling rod internal pressure consumption model：

Formula

In formula：

P_l-- drilling rod internal pressure consumes, Mpa；

ρ -- mud density, gram per centimeter³；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

D-- drilling rod internal diameters, centimetre；

B-- constants, internal flush drill pipe B=0.51655

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_p-- drilling rod overall length, rice.

3), drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption model

In formula：

P_l-- drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption, Mpa；

ρ -- mud density, gram per centimeter³；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

D, D₀-- hole diameter and drilling rod external diameter, centimetre；

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_p-- drilling rod overall length, rice.

4), pressure consumption model inside drill collar

In formula：

P_l-- pressure consumption, Mpa inside drill collar；

ρ -- mud density, gram per centimeter³；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

d_c-- drill collar internal diameter, centimetre；

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_c-- drill collar total length, rice.

5), the outer annular pressure lost model of drill collar

In formula：

P_l-- drill collar outer ring space pressure consumption, Mpa；

ρ -- mud density, gram per centimeter³；

η -- mud plastic viscosity, Pa Sec；

D, D_c-- hole diameter and drill collar external diameter, centimetre；

Q-- mud flow rates, liter/second；

L_c-- drill collar total length, rice.

Wherein rig simulator drilling tool lifting analogue means includes what is communicated with front end hardware equipment and graphics processing unit Communication module and drilling tool lifting analog module, be with front end hardware equipment communication in order to obtain hardware device state in real time, such as , it is necessary to obtain hook lifting force, the acceleration of drill string, mud density, tubing string lifting speed and fortune in the simulation of drilling tool lifting Dynamic these parameters of tubing string internal-and external diameter, the mathematical modeling then internally simulated by related drilling tool lifting is to simulate drilling tool lifting mistake Journey.

Wherein described rig simulator drilling tool lifting analogue means include with lower module with realize drilling tool lifting simulate：

(1) it is used to read the state parameter of headend equipment and the communication module of operational order；In wherein above-mentioned analogue means The equipment status parameter used includes original state parameter, specifically includes motion tubing string internal diameter d₀, motion tubing string outside diameter d_i, hole diameter D, the unit mass q of the acceleration a drill strings of drill string_iThe length l of certain section of drill string_iMud density ρ, fluid sticking coefficient K_C, time step The Fluid Volume Q that long Δ t, gravity acceleration g, unit interval arrange_t；Dynamic parameter includes：Frictional force F caused by brake lever_m, tubing string Lift speed V_P, the amount of liquid Q that returns out in tubing string_i, lifting drill string length L_P, slush pump volume flow Q_P, annular space mean flow rate V₁、 Certain section of drill string density p_a, frictional force F of the drill string in well_k；

(2) there is the drilling tool lifting simulation model pre-established in and is used for the equipment status parameter according to acquisition and operation Order, calculate the rig lifting analog module for the work data for realizing drilling tool lifting simulation animation；Wherein drilling tool lifting is simulated Model lifts rate pattern when including drill string force model when making a trip, making a trip；

(3) rig lifting analog module communicates initial to exchange according to the first data format of setting with graphics processing unit Change data and work data, the animation that graphics processing unit completes drilling tool lifting accordingly show；Wherein graphics processing unit includes Full three-dimensional entity model storehouse, graphic plotting module and vision simulation control module, wherein graphic plotting module is by equipment class figure Drafting module, particle class graphic plotting module, management class graphic plotting module and technique animation drafting module composition, vision simulation Control module is shown by scene initialization module, technique animation control module, hit-treatment module, special efficacy rendering module and parameter Module.

(4) graphics processing unit is moved according to the second data format and rig lifting simulation module communication of setting with exchanging Draw status information；

(5) it is used for the module for repeating aforesaid operations.

Rate pattern is lifted when wherein drilling tool lifting simulation model includes drill string force model when making a trip, made a trip, its In above-mentioned lower brill when drill string force model, lifting rate pattern is respectively when making a trip：

1) drill string force model when, making a trip

Pull out of hole：

Lower brill：

In formula：

F-- hook lifting force newton

F_m-- frictional force caused by brake lever (or brake force) newton

F_f-- buoyancy newton

F_f=ρ (∑ q_il_i)ρ_a

The acceleration meter per second of a-- drill strings²

q_i-- the unit mass kg/m of drill string

l_i-- the length meter of certain section of drill string

ρ -- mud density gram per centimeter³

ρ_a-- certain section of drill string density gram per centimeter³

F_k-- frictional force newton of the drill string in well

G-- acceleration of gravity meter per seconds²

2) rate pattern is lifted when, making a trip

V_pt(i)=V_pt(i-1)+aΔt

In formula：

Δ t-- takes time step, second when calculating

V_pt(i)--t_(i)Moment drill string speed, meter per second.

Wherein the raising of drilling derrick/base/decentralization analogue means includes and front end hardware equipment and graphics processing unit The communication module of communication and the raising of drilling derrick/base/decentralization analog module, are in order to real-time with front end hardware equipment communication Hardware device state is obtained, the mathematical modeling then internally simulated by raising/decentralization of related drilling derrick/base is with mould Intend raising/decentralization process of drilling derrick/base.

Raising/decentralization analogue means of wherein described drilling derrick/base is included with lower module to realize drilling derrick/bottom The raising of seat/decentralization process simulation：

(2) there is the mathematical modeling of raising/decentralization simulation of the drilling derrick/base pre-established in and obtained for basis The equipment status parameter and operational order obtained, calculate the operation number for the raising/decentralization simulation animation for realizing drilling derrick/base According to drilling derrick/base raising/decentralization analog module；The wherein mathematical modulo of the raising of drilling derrick/base/decentralization simulation Type includes derrick lifting decentralization model；

(3) raising of drilling derrick/base/decentralization analog module according to setting the first data format and graphics process list To exchange initialization data and work data, graphics processing unit completes raising/decentralization of drilling derrick/base accordingly for member communication Animation show；Wherein graphics processing unit includes full three-dimensional entity model storehouse, graphic plotting module and vision simulation control mould Block, wherein graphic plotting module are by equipment class graphic plotting module, particle class graphic plotting module, management class graphic plotting module Formed with technique animation drafting module, vision simulation control module is by scene initialization module, technique animation control module, collision Processing module, special efficacy rendering module and parameter display module.

(4) graphics processing unit simulates mould according to the second data format of setting and raising/decentralization of drilling derrick/base Block communicates, to exchange animated state information；

(5) it is used for the module for repeating aforesaid operations.

The mathematical modeling of the raising of drilling derrick/base/decentralization simulation includes derrick lifting decentralization model, is specially：Well Erect a liter decentralization model：

Derrick lifting force analysis：During derrick lifting, overall rotated around bottom coercive mechanism O rises, and overall force analysis is such as Under：

2F (b+c)+Ps=G₁·L₁·cos(α+α₁)+G₂·L_C·cos(α+α₂)

In formula：

A-- is the arm of force of the fast line pull to pivot point O

B, c-- is respectively the arm of force of the A-frame pulley both sides big lifting rope pulling force to fulcrum O

L₁、L₂-- the distance of derrick center of gravity and overhead traveling crane center of gravity to fulcrum O

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

α₁-- for derrick center of gravity and the angle of fulcrum O lines and contour line below derrick

α₂-- for overhead traveling crane center of gravity and the angle of fulcrum O lines and contour line below derrick

G₁-- conduct oneself with dignity for derrick

G₂-- conduct oneself with dignity for overhead traveling crane

P-- is fast line pull

F-- is big lifting rope pulling force

1. arm of force b is calculated with playing lift angle α relational expression：Jack up unit is wherein reduced to a planar motion mechanism, herringbone Frame pulley is reduced to a fixed point.

In formula：

S₁、S₂-- it is structure preset parameter

When A-- keeps flat for derrick, the angle between big lifting rope

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

2. arm of force c is calculated with playing lift angle α relational expression：Derrick side leading block is reduced to a fixed point.

In formula：

S₃-- it is structure preset parameter

When B-- keeps flat for derrick, the angle between big lifting rope

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

3. arm of force a is calculated with playing lift angle α relational expression：Derrick side leading block is reduced to a fixed point.

In formula：

S₄、S₅-- it is structure preset parameter

When C-- keeps flat for derrick, the angle between big lifting rope

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

4. big lifting rope pulling force F, fast line pull P are calculated with playing lift angle α relational expression：As primary Calculation, sky have ignored Between low-angle, the deformation of rope and tourist bus, the gravity of hook.

In formula：

F-- is big lifting rope pulling force F

P-- is fast line pull

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

L-- be derrick lifting to α angles when, the length of this section of big lifting rope

H-- is vertical height of the derrick top to ground

S₁、S₂-- it is structure preset parameter

5. lifting force P is calculated with playing lift angle α relational expression：

In formula：

G₁-- conduct oneself with dignity for derrick

G₂-- conduct oneself with dignity for overhead traveling crane

P-- is fast line pull

α -- it is derrick lifting angle (0~90 degree)

H-- is vertical height of the derrick top to ground

S₁、S₂、S₃、S₄、S₅-- it is structure preset parameter

Wherein it is used for the method main analog rig for simulating raising/lowering operation of land rig drilling derrick/base The raising lowering operation of derrick in installation process, and the raising lowering operation of base, it is desirable to trainee's correctly grasp pair Operating procedure and safety requirements to be answered, accomplishes the completion respective operations of steady safety, it specifically includes following operating procedure,：

(1) derrick lifting operating procedure：As shown in Figure 8, start operation, operate winch and slowly tighten big lifting rope, After lift headframe predetermined altitude, preferably 0.2 meter, checked first, then transfer derrick to occupying stably on support, then will Derrick is promoted to predetermined altitude, after preferably 0.2 meter, carries out quadratic search, then transfers derrick to occupying stably on support, twice Check it is qualified after, formal derrick telescoping, first derrick telescoping are to be in 60 degree angles with ground, operation hydraulic cushion oil cylinder, stretching Predetermined length, preferably 0.48 meter, after being kept for certain time, then derrick telescoping operates hydraulic pressure to being in about 80 degree of angles with ground Cushion cylinder is recycled to home position, so that derrick relies on deadweight slowly by surely on A-frame, after derrick is vertical directly, stamping U Type card, terminate operation；

(2) base raising operating procedure：As shown in Figure 9, operation, raising base A-frame, in base A-frame are started Bearing pin between the seat of honour and pedestal of dismantling is squeezed into after bearing pin in lower end, when raising base to the seat of honour leaves pedestal predetermined altitude, preferably 0.2 Meter Hou, safety inspection is carried out, then transfers the seat of honour, occupied stably to by the seat of honour on pedestal, after passed examination, formal raising base, During raising base, operation hydraulic cushion oil cylinder stretching predetermined length, preferably 0.6 meter, when the seat of honour and ground are in about During 80 degree of angles, operation hydraulic cushion oil cylinder is retracted, and the seat of honour is slowly occupied stably by deadweight on base A-frame, at the seat of honour and bottom Bearing pin is squeezed into seat A-frame upper end, terminates operation；

(3) base lowering operation step：As shown in Figure 10, operation is started, the dismantle seat of honour and base A-frame upper end Bearing pin, using cushion cylinder, the seat of honour is pushed away into upright position, the seat of honour is constantly declined by self gravitation, control decrease speed, The seat of honour is occupied stably on pedestal, bearing pin is penetrated between the seat of honour and pedestal, base A-frame lower end bearing pin of then dismantling, utilize winch Slowly decentralization base A-frame terminates operation to initial position；

(4) derrick lowering operation step：As shown in Figure 11, operation, the U to dismantle first between A-frame and derrick are started Type card, using cushion cylinder, derrick is pushed away into upright position, derrick is constantly declined by self gravitation, when derrick drops to Predetermined altitude, at preferably 0.5 meter, after brake stops 5 minutes, then slowly decentralization to derrick is occupied stably on support, terminates operation.

Wherein it is used to simulating land rig to pull out of hole and the method for drill down operator, main analog pulls out of hole and the technique mistake of lower brill Journey, it is desirable to which trainee correctly grasps the technological process to make a trip, accomplishes steadily to make a trip, and it specifically includes following operation step Suddenly：

(1) normal drill down operator step：As shown in Figure 12, start operation, start to control elevator first, suspension ring is leaned forward, put Column, by drilling tool is above carried after lower lift ring middle position button, well head is swung to, it is then upper to detain, above carry and remove elevator again, realize under drilling tool Put, load onto wellhead slip, depress winch clutch, elevator of unsnaping, judge whether to continue lower brill, hung if it is, returning to start to control Card, if it is not, then terminating this subjob；

(2) slacking off operating procedure：As shown in Figure 13, operation is started, in normal going down process, if be hampered, Then connect top to drive, terminate this subjob after punching resistance reaming, be not otherwise hampered, return to normal drill down operator；

(3) normally pull out of hole operating procedure：As shown in Figure 14, start operation, first turn on measuring pump, close on after elevator Drilling tool is carried, removes wellhead slip, then lifts drilling tool, after slips is moved into well head, lower pillar stand is unloaded after shackle, has been judged whether Bore, returned if continuing to pull out of hole and start operation, otherwise terminate this subjob；

(4) pull out of hole and meet card operating procedure：As shown in Figure 15, operation is started, in normal trip-out process, if meeting card, Then connect top to drive, circulate unfreezing, back reaming, terminate this subjob, normal pull out of hole is returned if card is not met.

The method for being wherein used to simulate land rig drilling operation, main analog typical well operating mode, it is desirable to which training is learned Member is correct to grasp drilling process flow, accomplishes uniformly to creep into.The drilling technology of bad ground is grasped simultaneously, and it specifically includes following Operating procedure：

(1) normal drilling connects column operating procedure：As shown in Figure 16, beginning operation, circulating mud, after light pressure running-in just Often drilling, unload top drive and be followed by column, elevator of unsnaping terminates operation；

(2) the drilling operation step jumped off is suppressed：As shown in Figure 17, operation, normal drilling, if not occurring suppressing jump are started Then normal drilling, drill string is then above carried if there is suppressing to jump, change rotating speed, the pressure of the drill, decentralization drilling, do not weaken if suppressing jump, return It is back to and carries drill string, is recycled to and suppresses jump decrease, then jump section reaming to suppressing, terminate operation；

(3) the drilling operation step of high pressure formation：As shown in Figure 18, operation is started, circulating mud is normal to creep into, such as Fruit does not occur overflow and then normally crept into, and after then increasing mud density if there is overflow, continues rig, finally terminates operation；

(4) the drilling operation step of low-pressure stratum：As shown in Figure 19, operation is started, circulating mud is normal to creep into, such as Fruit does not occur mud leakage, then continues normal drilling, after then increasing mud viscosity if there is mud leakage, continues to creep into, most After terminate operation.

The method for being wherein used to simulate the operation of land rig accident emergency, common failure in main analog drilling process And complex situations such as main control software produces accident, it is desirable to for example various instrument of phenomenon that trainee is reflected by simulator Change judge accident pattern, and correct process accident, it specifically includes following operating procedure：

(1) bit freezing operating procedure is adhered to：As shown in Figure 20, start operation, play drill string, judge whether winch brake has event Barrier, has continued drill string if no failure, raises and decentralizes drilling tool with being attempted if faulty, connects after top is driven and above carries again, under Put drilling tool twice, then open top turn it is dynamic, above put put after a unfreezing finish, then make top drive stop operating, terminate operation；

(2) heavy yarn bit freezing operating procedure：As shown in Figure 21, operation is started, it is normal to pull out of hole, judge whether heavy yarn bit freezing, If returning to normal trip-out without if, the movable drilling tool if heavy yarn bit freezing, connect top and drive, the circulating mud of small displacement, judge Whether pump pressure is normal, and circulating mud is returned if abnormal, the huge discharge circulating mud if pump pressure is normal, finally terminates to make Industry；

(3) balling-up sticking operating procedure：As shown in Figure 22, start operation, gently press running-in, normal drilling, judge whether Balling-up sticking, if returning to the normal discharge capacity for pulling out of hole, circulating mud being increased if balling-up sticking without if, high speed reaming, adjust Continue to creep into after the performance of whole mud, finally terminate operation；

(4) die nipple fishing operation step：As shown in Figure 23, start operation, rinse fish head, test fish, judge whether Visit, if not visiting, return and continue test, if speaking of, draw button, thread making, examination carries drill string, proposes fish, finally terminates Operation；

(5) junk milling operation step：As shown in Figure 24, start operation, flushing manhole bottom, after milling 2 times, continue milling After junk mill breakage, terminate operation.

Land rig installation operation simulation system also includes rig virtual assembly system, and the virtual assembly system passes through number Installation simulation is carried out according to the interactive mode of transmission, the virtual assembly system includes sequential selection module, position selecting module And assembling process display module；Wherein sequential selection module includes：For the number for the pictorial information for storing each part of rig Wherein it is that each part assigns an Item Number and correctly installs item in data array according to array, one showing The corresponding object item of object correlation and will to perform step the step of issuing display module in real time several；Determined for user defeated The button entered, button are communicated with position selecting module；When being installed, present score is produced in system and should The Item Number assembled, judge whether user is determined input to judge the assemble sequence of user's selection by button It is whether correct, be specially：Assuming that present score be 1 when, user selection part Item Number position 1 and pressed determination press , it is necessary to prompt it during button, the outer aobvious text information for lightening a sequential selection mistake, otherwise, when selecting correct just Item Number is passed to position selecting module.

In the selecting module of position, it receives the data inputted from sequential selection module, according to the data of its input Object is numbered to generate 3 selection positions and be created as an array, and the first of array is classified as object numbering, and second is classified as 3 The group of individual transparent substance, the 3rd is classified as the object in itself, and the 4th is classified as the object in particular cases shown, and the 5th is classified as special circumstances The object of lower disappearance, the 6th is classified as the correct option in GROUP, and the 7th is classified as number of steps, in addition to uses Row after receiving data Search finds out the corresponding row of the numbering and then the Get Row rows extract the 2nd column data (group) and carry out show/HIDE behaviour Make.After have selected Reference, correct option title (data in the 6th row) is extracted from array, judgement is therebetween It is no equal.It is if equal：The 2nd column data is extracted from array and is hidden operation, then show goes out the 3rd row.(namely object Itself), the 4th row and the 5th column data are according to circumstances handled, and send the numbering in the 7th row to 3 ring curtain program；If not phase Deng, pop-up dialogue box, prompting user's selection mistake (can be carried out postponing disappearance in 2 seconds with delayer).

In display module is assembled, need also exist for making an array, array first is classified as object numbering.Second is classified as thing Body phase should assemble animation.3rd is classified as the picture of the last frame number of animation.Receive and find out the numbering with Row Search after data The corresponding row and then Get Row row extracts the 2nd column data animation.The first step utilizes video player after taking out corresponding animation Playing animation, sequential selection module is sent data to using Custom Packet sender after animation finishes, here Numbering need not be sent, only sends fraction and a mark, fraction is updated after sequential selection module receives and activation determines Button.Preferably, also include lifting derrick base module in display module is assembled, the module include raising animation, Hydraulic cushion oil cylinder module and job state function display module；Wherein job state function display module is connect using UDP The Job Overview information that need to be shown is received, is judged by marking decollator to carry out line feed processing, finally with the displaying side of 2D pictures Formula shows corresponding text information in screen；Raising animation uses controllable animation, and derrick base is exported by 3DSMAX Raising decentralization animation.Frame number is carried out to animation in VIRTOOLS and plays control, the data that main control part is transmitted are entered Row processing, corresponding change operation is carried out to model after being converted into corresponding animation frame number；Hydraulic cushion oil cylinder module is on ring curtain The displaying that 2 wickets are used as current state is set up, represents left fluid cylinder and right fluid cylinder respectively, by the information for judging job number To judge to show the hydraulic cushion oil cylinder of derrick part or base portion in wicket, the module utilizes a summit 3D FRAME to carry out Distance Judgment with hydraulic cylinder, to be convenient for measuring the distance that hydraulic cylinder has stretched out, to judge currently whether may be used also Carry out displacement operation.By the way that derrick or base are arranged to moving obstacle, hydraulic cushion oil cylinder is arranged to fixed obstacle, Collision judgment is carried out using the relative program of collision detection, corresponding accident animation is played if reaching accident related request.

The application further relates to the demo system and method for land rig operational manual, wherein land rig operation is said The demo system of bright book includes well site entirety demonstration module and internal structure demonstration module；Wherein well site entirety demonstration module is to pacify Dress serial number introduces all parts on well site, and demonstration module is formed by base, derrick forms demonstration module and irrigated area Demonstration module three parts are formed, and the tissue by way of multiple index, wherein by above-mentioned demonstration module, can be led to each part Two views are crossed to be demonstrated：Global view and partial view, position of the global view display member in whole well site are local View is the big figure of the part, shows the concrete image and parameter of the part.And internal structure demonstration module then shows rotating disk, twisted The internal structure of car and the big important and relative complex part of slush pump three, shows by explosive view mode, by all parts Form, position, the function of important inner body explain, so as to allow user to understand its groundwork mechanism.

The application further relates to the generation method of land rig three-dimensional animation, wherein the land rig three-dimensional animation includes bottom The raising of seat, the installation in derrick and irrigated area, derrick and base, wherein the detailed installation process of 198 each steps of part is included, with And the raising process of derrick and base, points for attention and accident animation.Can quickly it be apparent from entirely by watching animation Land rig installs the overall process of raising.

The generation method of above-mentioned three-dimensional animation comprises the following steps：

1. material collection；In rig builder the live collection for carrying out screen and photographic material early stage, the actual peace of rig Each step of dress carries out whole shooting by video camera, and three directions of parts progress to field apparatus are taken pictures, and are collected The shape data of all devices.

2. modeling；Work is modeled by the material collected.Early stage, 3D modeling instrument was 3Dsmax, the size of model Made fully according to the size equal proportion of actual rig object.In order to ensure quality of animation, model imports MAYA from 3Dsmax and entered Row refinement.Model includes rig floor, well site and environment, and floor sections include：Derrick, winch, top drive, hook, cat head, standpipe pipe Remittance, hydraulic tongs, turnbuckle clamp, tubing tongs, throttling control cabinet, vertical rod box, derrick room, safety slip, drilling rod, oil pipe, drill with ferrule Bar, short circuit, drill collar, cock, elevator, check valve, slips, department's control room；Well site part includes：Generating set system, slush pump, mud Stock tank, choke manifold, separator, remote console；Environment division includes：Well site natural environment simulation and person model.Its Middle floor sections and well site part are modeled by way of Geometric Modeling, are modeled specifically by Hierarchical Model method, It represents that each several part of object forms using attribute structure, and the kinetic-potential of higher level structure must change lower level structure Locus.Such as：Power Tong on drilling platforms, it is made up of the main body of Power Tong, rotating disk, air pressure valve member.Performing During upper button operation, the main body of Power Tong travels forward, and rotating disk concurrently travels forward and rotated.Natural environment is simulated and people Thing model is then modeled by way of personage models, and personage is modeled firstly the need of person model is established, and includes the skin of personage Skin textures, the foundation of character physical's model.The use of PhotoShop is that personage makes skin paste after the foundation of character physical's model Figure, after the completion of personage's modeling, bone is established for personage, and weight is distributed to every piece of bone, to determine skin by skeleton motion Influence degree.It is that the character on platform makes skeleton cartoon according to the needs of graphic package, such as：On unload cat head, on unload Slips acts, and saves as the form that can be read and individually control.

3. model acts；After the completion of 3D modellings, according to actual rig installation operation code, it is thus identified that installation steps and Flow, proceed by the action adjustment work of 3D models, since first step draw base line figure, the installation kit of each object afterwards The action adjustment of crane is included, the action adjustment of animation and upper pin that object is installed in place.

4. model pinup picture and material；The textures and material of model make fully according to the gloss of true rig with color, protect It is identical with actual conditions to demonstrate,prove each object in animation, then these materials are assigned to the model built up.

5. background is set；The selection of rig infield is carried out in desert in animation, so having selected short rock and sand Desert is used as background.

6. light is set；In order to simulate the illumination under true environment, allow whole rig installation scenario effect of shadow more Truly, the light permutation of exhibitions up to a hundred has been made in whole scene, for simulating the irradiation of the illumination of sky and the sun.

7. camera lens is set；The position of alignment lenses had both been presented to the part on screen for animation, each in order to ensure to see clearly The installation process of part, camera lens are arranged to the part installed of alignment, and during the tiny object of upper pin, camera lens, which furthers, gives spy Write.

8. integrate；Material collection, modeling, model action, model pinup picture and material, background setting are completed, light is set, After camera lens is set, whole scene is integrated together, both included since draw base line, the installation of each part, to the end The overall process that the raising of base finishes.

9. render；The scene integrated is started according to the camera lens set to be rendered to picture, the animation of one second is preferred 25 pictures are arranged to, photo resolution is preferably arranged to 2560X768.

10. dub, background music and audio；Dub the explanation including each step installation steps and during derrick lifting, background Music is changed to impassioned in installation process from brisk rhythm in raising.And in part lifting in place, sledgehammer strikes pin Position is equipped with corresponding audio.

11. the later stage synthesizes；Later stage composite software preferably selects nuke, is synthesized after the picture rendered is imported complete Screen animation, the Chinese and English subtitles of explanation is added below video by nuke, and will dubbed, background music and audio close simultaneously Into into video, to complete the generation work of the three-dimensional animation of whole land rig.

The application further relates to a kind of control method of land rig technique animation.Wherein complete the mistake of regulation process operation Cheng Zhong, each action that driller's console is made will convert into data signal and pass to main control computer, then be sent by main control computer Protocol data after graphic package obtains parameter, makes specific reflection to graphic package.Embodied in graphic machine various on rig floor The kinematic parameter of control system, specific action, views selection preferably comprise upward angle of visibility, underground visual angle, preventer visual angle, regarded more Figure is shown；Above-mentioned control method comprises the following steps：1. model animated steps：Pass through the movement read out from data protocol Or spin data, the script of corresponding object is given, object moves according to obtained speed or order rotates instruction.When not having When obtaining current translational speed or order, animation stops, the message for waiting main control computer to send；2. character animation step：Virtually The behavior of people, which is divided into, determines sexual behaviour and uncertainty behavior.For complex behavior, it is necessary to according to state different on field by recognizing Know that layer determines to take different action sequences.Main control computer sends instruction, is transmitted by data protocol UDP, VIRTOOLS is solved Read, play a series of set corresponding character animations after solving read command, animation no longer receives any before finishing Action command, animation can not be interrupted.3. the step of hit-treatment：Using 3DMAX modeling when, except model in itself in addition to also need to The stealthy barrier dedicated for collision is established, because model is all some irregular polygons in itself, if directly taking mould Type in itself can be because some BUG of the irregularly generation of model, it is special that we establish some with MAX as collision thing Collision body BOX, these BOX can be centered around around the object that can not be passed through, and a marshalling is carried out after these BOX are chosen and is established One GROUP, to complete hit-treatment.

The application further relates to a kind of special efficacy rendering intent of land rig technique animation.Wherein the special efficacy rendering intent includes Following steps：(1) the step of adding particle effect：Particle effect, which can be used to simulate liquid, gushs, flame effect.According to different Need to be divided into a particle, face particle, these different effects of line particle, such as imitate the point particle effect that liquid is gushed, just needing 3D Frame, 3D Frame Z coordinate axle is added in requisition for the direction of injection, adding for it in the place that liquid is gushed Add some points particle script (Point Particle System), the single particle patch of some particle is drawn out in PhotoShop Figure, formulates the textures, by changing some key parameters in BB, to realize the effect of liquid injection in BB.

(2) the step of adding textures flowing；Textures flowing can imitate the cloud and mist flowing of sky, water flow simulation effect, lead to Cross and script (Texture Scroller) created to the MESH layers of the object, formulate corresponding flowing textures, set speed and Flow direction, a water flow effects just complete.

(3) the step of two-dimensional sequence picture playing；Sequence of pictures, which plays, can imitate a variety of continuity effects, such as flame, Current, the various special efficacys of blood, one group of continuous flame effect picture is rendered by video software and imported in VIRTOOS, by making Sequence of pictures is continuously played with MOVIE PLAYER behaviors modules, the continuous fortune of a variety of micro-objects can be shown It is dynamic.

(4) the step of adding textures special efficacy：It can complete to mix textures, some special substance moulds by the setting of textures Intend, the effect of Bump Mapping enters edlin to the material of object, and some required effect selections are carried out in Effect；It is logical Above-mentioned steps are crossed, realizes and the special efficacy of rig technique animation is rendered.

Claims

1. a kind of land rig installation operation simulation system, it is characterised in that including rig model, front end driller's operating desk, teacher Operating desk and triple channel ring curtain projection display system；Wherein front end driller operating desk includes Parameters Computer, wherein the ginseng Number computer completes the data acquisition and control of whole system, main control computer and graphic computer as distributed host computer The execution of completion system main program and the processing and display of ring curtain figure, each computer are interconnected by ICP/IP protocol；Front end Front end data acquisition and control between driller's operating desk and rig model are completed by SIEMENS S7-200 PLC, and connect structure Into Siemens's PPI networks；PLC communicates with Parameters Computer data uses RS232 agreements；

Wherein front end driller operating desk includes cabinet and internal control plate, and the front of described cabinet is provided with front end driller's operating desk Front control panel, a side of cabinet are provided with front end driller's operating desk side control panel, and another side of cabinet is set There is top to drive Mechanical course panel and buffer the control panel of fluid cylinder；Wherein set on the control panel of front end driller's operating desk front It is equipped with power knob, power on button, air horn switch, anti-collision release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs moment of torsion Damper, standpipe pressure damper, drag for brake cylinder clutch, input shaft is used to brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head control are opened Pass, pneumatic spinner controlling switch, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and Emergency stop switch；Also include display table group, wherein the display table group includes bleed pressure table, cooling water pressure table, winch oil Press table, rotating disk oil pressure gauge, rotary torque indicator, Pump pressure meter, tong torque meter, left pincers torque meter, right pincers torque meter, safety tongs pressure Table, cat head pressure gauge, drilling torque table, revolution counter, rotating disk ammeter, backset pressure gauge and pulleying pressure gauge；Front end driller On the control panel of operating desk side set assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test scram button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 slush pump Switch, No. 2 mud switch pumps, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch；

PLC in the internal control plate of front end driller's operating desk includes the He of front end the first programmable controller PLC of driller's operating desk 1 Second programmable controller PLC 2, above-mentioned programmable controller PLC 1, PLC2 communicate with Parameters Computer data to be assisted using RS232 View is communicated, wherein the CPU module of the first programmable controller PLC 1 is pressed with power knob, start respectively by A/D modules Button, air horn switch, anti-collision release button, suspending weight trimmer valve, the pressure of the drill trimmer valve, tongs torque damping device, standpipe pressure damping Device, drag for brake cylinder clutch, input shaft is used to brake controlling switch, shift control switch, cat head controlling switch, the control of pneumatic spinner are opened Pass, the high low speed switch of roller, oil cylinder selecting switch, base hydraulic switch, park brake switch and emergency stop switch connection, Pressed respectively with assignment switch, generator scram button, rectification scram button, test jerk by PLC On-off signal port Button, PLC/ by-pass switches, electromagnetic eddy current brake switch, rotating disk rotating selecting switch, winch rotating selecting switch, No. 1 mud Stock pump switch, No. 2 mud switch pumps, No. 3 mud switch pumps, low pressure alarm switch are attached；Front end department is gathered by PLC Each switching knob state on operating desk is bored to simulate rotating speed control, the speed governing of slush pump of the elevating control of winch, rotating disk Control；Gather winch clutch position, winch gear, disk clutch position, rotating disk gear, pump control mechanism position, bavin simultaneously Oil machine power governor position；Monitor suspending weight, the pressure of the drill, rig bleed pressure, mud density, mud viscosity and mud dehydration this A little parameters, the lift control to derrick/base, the rotating speed to boring disk are realized by PLC control front end driller's operating desk Control and the speed regulating control to slush pump；

Wherein top, which is driven, is provided with scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button, suspension ring revolution on Mechanical course panel Selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring tilt selecting switch, stopped Car selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation selection are opened Close；Wherein the CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of front end driller operating desk passes through A/D modules point Be not connected with scram button, suspension ring middle position button, reset/mute button, by PLC On-off signal port respectively with suspension ring Revolution selecting switch, inner blowout preventer switch, hydraulic pressure switch pump, locking pin switch, back-up tong selecting switch, suspension ring tilt selection and opened Close, brake selecting switch, auxiliary operation switch, ventilator selection switch, selection of Motor switch, operating selection switch, direction of rotation Selecting switch is attached to be controlled with realizing to top drive；

Wherein buffer and fluid cylinder selection handle in left and right is provided with the control panel of fluid cylinder, fluid cylinder pressure selects handle and fluid cylinder to stretch Go out/retract joystick；The wherein CPU module of the second programmable controller PLC 2 of the internal control plate of front end driller operating desk Handle, fluid cylinder pressure is selected to select handle and fluid cylinder to stretch out/retract joystick and connect with left and right fluid cylinder respectively by A/D modules Connect to be controlled to buffering fluid cylinder；

Wherein the Parameters Computer, which has, completes after PLC obtains front end hardware information, sends information to the communication of main control computer The information that main control computer sends over also is transferred to front end hardware by PLC and shown by module, wherein communication module；

Rig model includes drilling derrick and substructure model, and wherein derrick is open front type, by main body, A-frame and annex group Into annex mainly includes quadruple board platform, dead line stabilizer, cage ladder；Derrick main body by upper left section, upper right section, left epimere, it is right on Section, lower-left section and bottom right section and back of the body crossbeam, brace, link form an open front shaped steel frame structure, and the adjustment of main body is consolidated Surely completed by two bayonet locks；A-frame is by left and right foreleg, the portal structures of left and right back leg and crossbeam composition, is put for rising With rest against derrick；Jack up unit is made up of big lifting rope, high trestle, low trestle and hook block support；Derrick uses A-frame Raising mode, by the power of drilling floor surface winch, big lifting rope is pulled by fast line, hook, realizes derrick lifting, derrick lifting When in order to make derrick smoothly by being placed on A-frame, while and can makes derrick center of gravity move forward when transferring derrick, so as to according to Fallen by derrick dead weight, be provided with buffer unit on A-frame, flexible by buffer unit is realized；

Base is mainly made up of base body, jack up unit, hydraulic damping device, and base uses the motion of parallel-crank mechanism Principle, it is achieved thereby that the low level installation of high countertop fixture；Using winch power, make base overall from low level using hook block Rise and be raised to operating position；Base body is divided into upper, middle and lower-ranking：Upper strata is drilling floor surface part, for installing setting for drilling floor surface It is standby, it is made up of pin connection, lower floor is pedestal base part, by pedestal before left front pedestal and left back pedestal, the right side and base behind the right side Seat connects into left and right two parts with pin respectively；Connecting elements between left and right two parts have tie-beam, link and Diagonal brace；Intermediate layer is support section, between upper and lower layer, plays support drilling floor surface and rises and put base；Intermediate layer respectively by A-frame foreleg, A-frame back leg, front column, rear column, oblique column composition, are connected with pin with upper and lower layer；A-frame is by preceding Leg and back leg two parts composition, one end of big lifting rope are fixed on A-frame back leg, mistake of the A-frame in whole base raising Play a part of support in journey；Big lifting rope both ends are equipped with the collar, separately have 1 group of pulley for participating in raising to be fixed on A-frame back leg On；The rig model also includes protector group, and wherein protector group includes realizing drilling derrick crown block anti-collision function Drilling derrick crownblock protector, the excessive jack up unit of anti-drilling derrick for realizing the excessive lifting functions of anti-drilling derrick, realization The excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling derrick of the anti-excessive lowering function of drilling derrick, realize the anti-of the excessive lifting functions of anti-rig substructure The excessive jack up unit of rig substructure, the excessive downward putting device of anti-rig substructure for realizing the excessive lowering function of anti-rig substructure, realization The excessive downward putting device of anti-drilling machine hook of the anti-excessive lowering function of drilling machine hook；

Operation of teacher platform has main control computer and graphic computer, and wherein the main control computer has main control module, the master control Module is used to be communicated with communication module, obtains hardware device state in real time；The main control computer also includes following multiple The analogue means of rig model：Rig model drilling process analogue means, rig model simulating overflow device, rig model gas Expand analogue means, rig mold cycle calculation of pressure analogue means, rig model drilling tool lifting analogue means and rig mould The raising of drilling derrick/base of type/decentralization analogue means, wherein main control module also include following multiple simulation systems：With Device in raising/lowering operation of simulation land rig derrick/base, pull out of hole and drill down operator for simulating land rig Device, the device for simulating land rig drilling operation, the device for simulating the operation of land rig accident emergency；

Triple channel ring curtain projection display system includes：Projector, engineering annular projection curtain and image co-registration machine；Wherein described projection Machine is three Tai Zhengtou projectors, and the three Tai Zhengtou projectors, which with engineering annular projection curtain combination image merge machine and form edge, melts Close optical projection system；Include Geometry rectification module, edge Fusion Module, color correction module in image co-registration machine；Wherein image Image information caused by graphic computer is distributed to three projecting apparatus by fusion machine, and carries out edge fusion.

2. land rig installation operation simulation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the core control of rig model Machine is siemens PLC series Programmable logic Controller (PLC), by each physical quantity on S7-200 direct control operation platforms, with parameter Computer as host computer, the PL2000 analog machines of winch console and front end are managed collectively by teacher's control machine so that Whole system forms a resource-sharing, the dcs of task sharing.

3. land rig installation operation simulation system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that to realize rising for derrick/base Rise and transfer and be controlled by front end driller's operating desk, system realizes winch function using stepper motor；Designed in PLC system The controlled step-by-step impulse of high speed, two PTO/PWM generators are devised in S7-200, can produce a high-speed pulse string An or pulse-width modulation waveform；Train of pulse PTO operation exports a string of square waves according to given PTO pulse numbers and cycle；PTO Single hop train of pulse or multistage train of pulse, or specific pulse number and cycle can be produced, PTO functions allow train of pulse to be lined up, when When preceding burst output is completed, it can immediately begin to export a new train of pulse, to ensure the company between multiple output pulse strings Continuous property.

4. land rig installation operation simulation system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that operation of teacher platform is mainly used in Teacher is monitored to student's operational circumstances, and auto judge, marking are carried out to operating result；Wherein main control computer is used to complete The execution of said system function, it include being used for storing and set the module of analog parameter, the module for simulation process program, For control figure, calculating and draw the module of kill-job curve, the module for performance rating and student management, collection front end are set The module of standby parameter, control the module of display instrument and executing agency on front-end control platform；Graphic computer is used for ring curtain figure The processing and display of shape, are interconnected by the ICP/IP protocol between the two.

5. land rig installation operation simulation system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that wrapped in described image fusion machine Geometry rectification module, edge Fusion Module, color correction module are included：

Wherein Geometry rectification module includes：The Geometry rectification module is used for the geometry for correcting projects images, to ensure side A variety of screen configurations are adapted to along fused controlling, make to project the picture on tomb without geometric distortion；The Geometry rectification module bag Include following submodules：In a manner of dot matrix annular projection curtain is carried out using longitude and latitude locating module and laser array sterically defined Module；Equally spaced standard grid is formed with space laser dot-matrix on annular projection's curtain by the figure tube side output of computer Module；By intelligent successive acquisitions projected image and computer is inputted, and passes through the space laser dot matrix on projection screen and mark Quasi- grid carries out Auto-matching so as to draw the module of projector image and projection screen corresponding relation；Utilize above-mentioned corresponding relation Realize the module that nonlinear geometry correction is carried out to the image of output；

Wherein Fusion Edges module includes：For dividing the image into the image segmentation module of some regular figures, so that some Regular figure is projected by three projectors respectively, wherein the adjacent pattern edge for being divided into some regular figures is overlapped The width of partial graphical is within the 5% of correspondingly-sized, and the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge occurs after singulation simultaneously The edge of adjacent pattern；For arranging the longitude and latitude locating module of crisscross warp and weft on the entire image, it makes The color of warp and weft in each regular figure is different, and utilizes three projectors by some rule schemas after segmentation Shape is projected, and regulation projector makes the warp in the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge, and parallel is completed overlapping；Gray scale is adjusted Module, the brightness Alpha values for adjusting different projectors are 100% white image, by the photosensitive camera of gray scale to non-overlapped Visuals carries out photoreceptor signal collection, and it is α to set its gray scale, and the brightness of the overlapped figure in adjacent pattern edge is lowered, Until overlapping gray scale β and non-overlapped figure gray scale are equal or error is thrown in the lump less than 0.5%, then by different projectors Shadow；

Wherein color correction module includes：Different projecting apparatus are measured using smart camera when projecting same brightness color to be produced The module of raw intrinsic brilliance, the photo shot under different brightness is handled and closed with showing that the color of every projecting apparatus maps The module of system；Before every projector is shown, the color table of different screen is set, produces the mapping of color value so that difference The same color that projector projects go out is tried one's best similar module.

A kind of 6. land rig operation mould of land rig installation operation simulation system as any one of claim 1-5 Plan method, this method include：For simulate land rig drilling derrick/base raising/lowering operation method, for simulating Land rig pulls out of hole with the method for drill down operator, the method for simulating land rig drilling operation and bored for simulating land The method of machine accident emergency operation.

7. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that be wherein used to simulate rising for land rig drilling derrick/base Raising/lowering operation of derrick in the method main analog of liter/lowering operation rig installation process, and base rise Liter/lowering operation, it specifically includes following operating procedure：

(1) derrick lifting operating procedure：Start operation, operate winch and slowly tighten big lifting rope, in the predetermined height of lift headframe After degree, checked first, then transfer derrick to occupying stably on support, then after derrick is promoted into predetermined altitude, carry out two Secondary inspection, then transfer derrick to occupy stably on support, check twice it is qualified after, formal derrick telescoping, first derrick telescoping To with ground be in 60 degree angles, operate hydraulic cushion oil cylinder, stretch out predetermined length, after holding certain time, then derrick telescoping extremely with Ground is in 80 degree of angles, and operation hydraulic cushion oil cylinder is recycled to home position, so that derrick is slowly leaned on surely in A-frame by deadweight On, after derrick is vertical directly, U-shaped card is stamped, terminates operation；

(2) base raising operating procedure：Start operation, raising base A-frame, torn open after squeezing into bearing pin in base A-frame lower end Fall bearing pin between the seat of honour and pedestal, after raising base to the seat of honour leaves pedestal predetermined altitude, carry out safety inspection, then put down Seat, occupied stably to by the seat of honour on pedestal, after passed examination, formal raising base, during raising base, operate hydraulic cushion Oil cylinder stretches out predetermined length, and when the seat of honour and ground be in 80 degree angles, operation hydraulic cushion oil cylinder is retracted, and the seat of honour is delayed by conducting oneself with dignity It is slow to occupy stably on base A-frame, bearing pin is squeezed at the seat of honour and base A-frame upper end, terminates operation；

(3) base lowering operation step：Start operation, the bearing pin of the dismantle seat of honour and base A-frame upper end, using cushion cylinder, The seat of honour is pushed away into upright position, the seat of honour is constantly declined by self gravitation, decrease speed is controlled, the seat of honour is occupied stably in pedestal On, bearing pin is penetrated between the seat of honour and pedestal, base A-frame lower end bearing pin of then dismantling, base herringbone is slowly transferred using winch Frame terminates operation to initial position；

(4) derrick lowering operation step：Start operation, the U-shaped card dismantled first between A-frame and derrick, utilize buffering oil Cylinder, derrick is pushed away into upright position, derrick is constantly declined by self gravitation, when derrick drops to predetermined altitude, brake After stopping 5 minutes, then slowly decentralization to derrick is occupied stably on support, terminates operation.

8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that be wherein used to simulate the side that land rig pulls out of hole with drill down operator Method, it specifically includes following operating procedure：

(1) normal drill down operator step：Start operation, start to control elevator first, suspension ring is leaned forward, column is put, by lower lift ring middle position Drilling tool is above carried after button, swings to well head, it is then upper to detain, above carry and remove elevator again, realize the decentralization of drilling tool, load onto wellhead slip, press Lower winch clutch, elevator of unsnaping, judge whether to continue lower brill, elevator is started to control if it is, returning, if it is not, then terminating this Subjob；

(2) slacking off operating procedure：Start operation, in normal going down process, if be hampered, connect top and drive, punching resistance is drawn Terminate this subjob after eye, be not otherwise hampered, return to normal drill down operator；

(3) normally pull out of hole operating procedure：Start operation, first turn on measuring pump, above carry drilling tool after closing elevator, remove well head card Watt, then drilling tool is lifted, after slips is moved into well head, lower pillar stand is unloaded after shackle, judges whether to pull out of hole, is returned if continuing to pull out of hole Return and start operation, otherwise terminate this subjob；

(4) pull out of hole and meet card operating procedure：Start operation, in normal trip-out process, if meeting card, connect top and drive, circulant solution Card, back reaming, terminates this subjob, and normal pull out of hole is returned if card is not met.

9. method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that the method for being wherein used to simulate land rig drilling operation, it has Body includes following operating procedure：

(1) normal drilling connects column operating procedure：Start operation, circulating mud, normally crept into after light pressure running-in, after unloading top drive Column is connect, elevator of unsnaping terminates operation；

(2) the drilling operation step jumped off is suppressed：Start operation, normal drilling, the normal drilling if not occurring suppressing jump, if gone out Now suppress jump and then above carry drill string, change rotating speed, the pressure of the drill, decentralization drilling, do not weaken if suppressing jump, be back to and carry drill string, circulate Weaken to suppressing to jump, then jump section reaming to suppressing, terminate operation；

(3) the drilling operation step of high pressure formation：Start operation, circulating mud is normal to creep into, normal if there is not overflow Drilling, after then increasing mud density if there is overflow, continue rig, finally terminate operation；

(4) the drilling operation step of low-pressure stratum：Starting operation, circulating mud is normal to creep into, if not occurring mud leakage, Then continue normal drilling, after then increasing mud viscosity if there is mud leakage, continue to creep into, finally terminate operation.

10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that be wherein used for the side for simulating the operation of land rig accident emergency Method, it specifically includes following operating procedure：

(1) bit freezing operating procedure is adhered to：Start operation, rise drill string, judge whether winch brake faulty, if without failure after Drill string is continued, has raised and decentralized drilling tool with being attempted if faulty, connected after top is driven and above carry again, transfer drilling tool twice, Ran Houkai Top turn it is dynamic, above put put after a unfreezing finish, then make top drive stop operating, terminate operation；

(2) heavy yarn bit freezing operating procedure：Start operation, it is normal to pull out of hole, judge whether heavy yarn bit freezing, it is normal if returned without if Pull out of hole, the movable drilling tool if heavy yarn bit freezing, connect top and drive, the circulating mud of small displacement, judge whether pump pressure is normal, if not It is normal then return to circulating mud, the huge discharge circulating mud if pump pressure is normal, finally terminate operation；

(3) balling-up sticking operating procedure：Start operation, gently press running-in, normal drilling, judge whether balling-up sticking, if do not had Normal trip-out is then returned, the discharge capacity of circulating mud is increased if balling-up sticking, high speed reaming, is continued after adjusting the performance of mud Drilling, finally terminates operation；

(4) die nipple fishing operation step：Start operation, rinse fish head, test fish, judge whether that spy is arrived, if not visiting, Return and continue test, arrived if visiting, draw button, thread making, examination carries drill string, proposes fish, finally terminates operation；

(5) junk milling operation step：Start operation, flushing manhole bottom, after milling 2 times, continue milling after junk mill breakage, knot Shu Zuoye.