CN104700680B - Based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern - Google Patents
Based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern Download PDFInfo
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- CN104700680B CN104700680B CN201510009566.5A CN201510009566A CN104700680B CN 104700680 B CN104700680 B CN 104700680B CN 201510009566 A CN201510009566 A CN 201510009566A CN 104700680 B CN104700680 B CN 104700680B
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- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
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- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B5/00—Electrically-operated educational appliances
- G09B5/06—Electrically-operated educational appliances with both visual and audible presentation of the material to be studied
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern, drilling simulation operation equipment is connected with PLC, and PLC is connected by serial ports with parameter machine, and parameter machine and graphic processor are connected by communication network with main control computer respectively；The collector being provided with valve, button, indicator lamp, pressure gauge and thermometer, PLC for gathering valve opening and button state is provided with drilling simulation operation equipment；The computing module for calculating equipment Working state data in LED status, pressure gauge data, thermometer data, virtual scene is provided with main control computer；Virtual presentation module is provided with graphic processor.The present invention is based on the algorithm design architecture without sequencing, analog machine is enabled to realize any operation as real rig, and show the corresponding live outdoor scene of simulation, student according to the training operation scheme of regulation without being operated, it is truly realized the emulation of height, strengthen presence, improve result of training.
Description
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of based on the drilling simulation without ordering operation pattern the present invention relates to a kind of drilling simulation system
System.
Background technology
Oil drilling refers to utilize special drilling equipment and technology, at the landscape position by exploration discovery oil storage, to
Lower or side gets out the cylindrical bore of certain diameter, and bores the process up to subterranean oil gas-bearing formation, to realize that oil-gas mining has to ripe
Practice the professional knowledge and operative skill for grasping oil drilling.
However, newly enter employee or oil relevant speciality student for oil field, their processes to drilling well, the operation of rig or
Understanding of the processing method all without perception when accident occurs for person, is unfamiliar with for live drill-well operation.Once there is operation to lose
By mistake or accidentally, it is possible to trigger serious quality accident or security incident, be that the country and people brings great loss.Therefore,
The knowledge training on duty of drilling well practitioner and professional skill training seem particularly significant.But due to almost all of situ of drilling well
All it is distributed with facility in the wild, it is impossible to which training is put into live progress, if only relying on conventional classroom instruction or laboratory
Operation, due to lacking the supplementary means and mode of lifelike image, dramatic, is absorbed in the simple uninteresting, student of course content unavoidably
The difficult situation of results of learning difference, training is difficult to produce a desired effect.
Notification number discloses a kind of distributed well drilling simulation system for CN101789190B Chinese patent, the drilling simulation
System includes choke manifold, high pressure pipe joint, blowout preventer console, choke console, remote console, driller's operating desk, religion
Teacher's console and optical projection system, realize the top drive drilling simulation of height emulation, enhance the presence of teaching, training, contract
In the short training cycle, improve result of training, reduce training cost.However, the drilling simulation system has the following disadvantages：Figure
The presentation scheme of the fixed live outdoor scene of training operation simulation of several sets is only stored in shape computer, therefore can only be presented fixed
A few live outdoor scenes of set simulation and equipment working condition, student must carry out phase in strict accordance with the fixed training operation scheme of this several set
(i.e. ordering operation pattern) should be operated, for undergo training student not according to training operation scheme made without ordering operation, be
System will be unable to identification, unlikely realize that, to the real-time Simulation and presentation without ordering operation, limitation is very big, and result of training is not
It is preferable.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of based on the drilling well mould without ordering operation pattern
Plan system, based on the algorithm design architecture without sequencing so that analog machine can realize any operation as real rig,
And the corresponding live outdoor scene of simulation and equipment working condition are showed, student according to the training operation scheme of regulation without being grasped
Make, be truly realized the simulated effect of height, strengthen the presence of training, improve result of training.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：Based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern
System, it includes drilling simulation operation equipment, PLC and control unit, and control unit includes main control computer, parameter machine and figure
Processor, drilling simulation operation equipment is connected with PLC, and PLC is connected by serial ports with parameter machine, parameter machine and
Graphic processor is connected by communication network with main control computer respectively；
Valve, button, indicator lamp, pressure gauge and thermometer, PLC controls are provided with described drilling simulation operation equipment
The collector of valve opening and button state in circle collection drilling simulation operation equipment is provided with device；
It is provided with described main control computer for according to valve opening and button state data, being calculated by mathematical modeling
Equipment Working state data, the meter of mobility status data in LED status, pressure gauge data, thermometer data, virtual scene
Calculate module；
It is provided with described graphic processor for simulation to be presented according to equipment Working state data in virtual scene
The virtual presentation module of live outdoor scene and equipment working condition.
Based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern also include optical projection system, optical projection system include projecting apparatus and with
The projection screen that projecting apparatus is engaged, projecting apparatus is connected with graphic processor, and projection screen is using 120 ° of huge annular curtains.
Field apparatus EAX simulation system is also included based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern, scene is set
Standby EAX simulation system includes sound equipment, and sound equipment is connected with main control computer.
Described drilling simulation operation equipment includes driller's operating desk, preventer control panel, choke console, long-range control
The combination of any one or more in operating desk is driven on platform processed, standpipe manifold, choke manifold and top.
It is provided with described PLC for gathering student without drilling simulation operation equipment under ordering operation pattern
Valve opening and button state without ordering operation acquisition module；It is provided with main control computer for according to without under ordering operation pattern
Valve opening and button state data, are referred to by being calculated without ordering operation State Transferring mathematical modeling under no ordering operation pattern
Show equipment Working state data, the calculating of mobility status data in lamp state, pressure gauge data, thermometer data, virtual scene
Module；It is provided with graphic processor for being presented according to without equipment Working state data in virtual scene under ordering operation pattern
Module is virtually presented without ordering operation without the live outdoor scene of ordering operation pattern Imitating and equipment working condition.
Full intelligent scoring module is additionally provided with described main control computer, the operation of student can be scored, examination is fair
It is just.
The described module that virtually presented without ordering operation includes one the virtual presentation module based on drilling process model, use
In emulation drilling process in actual physics parameter change so that student without ordering operation real-time effect in correspondence model,
Corresponding parameter is calculated, it includes drilling speed transform subblock and effective drill bit than water-horse power transform subblock：
Equation for drilling rate is：
In formula：A is the pressure of the drill index,B is rotating speed index,C is
Strata pressure index,D is the poor coefficient of drilling fluid density,
kdDrillability, k are counted for stratumd=0.00165H+0.635；W is that unit is KN/mm than the pressure of the drill；N is rotating speed, single
Position is rpm；HEIIt is effective drill bit than water-horse power, unit is kw/mm2；ρmFor actual or design mud density, unit is g/cm3；
ρpFor strata pressure equal yield density, unit is g/cm3；V is rate of penetration, and unit is m/h；
Effective drill bit is than water-horse power accounting equation：
In formula：HEIIt is effective drill bit than water-horse power, unit is kw/mm2；ρmFor actual or design mud density, unit is
g/cm3；Q is discharge capacity, and unit is L/s；DbFor bit diameter, unit is cm；deFor nozzle equivalent diameter, unit is cm,j1,j2,j3For nozzle diameter, unit is cm.
The described module that virtually presented without ordering operation includes one the virtual presentation module based on overflow model, and it includes
Flooding process ASM and closing well flooding process ASM：
(1) flooding process ASM：During generation overflow, the gas flow increase entered from stratum in pit shaft, shaft bottom
Pressure constantly reduces, and gas admission velocity is continuously increased, and the change of all parameters is all the continuous function of time during being somebody's turn to do,
In one small time interval of delta t, air inflow meets quadratic linear equation；It includes gas flow conversion, every section of mixture length
Conversion, the conversion of annular space mixture total length, spillway discharge conversion, every section of mixture density conversion in well：
Gas flow is calculated：
In formula：QgsFor corresponding to PbStandard state under gas flow amount, unit is m3/s；PP、PbFor stratum, shaft bottom
Effective pressure, unit is kPa；C is seepage coefficient, and unit is m3/kPa·s；Within the j moment Δ t times：
Every section of mixture length：ΔHmi×(j)={ Q [P(j)-P(j-1)]+UjQgs(j)ln[P(j)/P(j-1)]/(g ρ Q), (j=
1,2,3 ... ..., n-1)；
In formula：Q is mud displacement, and unit is m3/s；Unit is kPa；P(j)For jth section mixture bottom
Pressure, unit is kPa；P(j-1)For jth section mixture top pressure, unit is kPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；g
For acceleration of gravity, unit is m/s2；
Annular space mixture total length：
Spillway discharge in well：
Every section of mixture density：
In formula：For mud volume fraction in mixture,AaFor the overflow segment annular space cross-sectional area,
Unit is mm2；For natural-gas integration amount in mixture,ρgFor natural gas density, unit is g/cm3；
Because of ρgMuch smaller than ρ, so every section of mixture density is rewritten as：
(2) closing well flooding process ASM：Closing well process is really the process that bottom pressure recovers, during firm closing well,
Due to bottom pressure lack of equilibrium strata pressure, formation fluid will also go successively to pit shaft, and the gases at high pressure of entrance are mineshaft annulus
Mixture compresses, and is continuously increased casing pressure and standpipe pressure, with the extension of closed-in time, bottom pressure gradually increases, stratum
Fluid admission velocity is gradually decreased, to the last bottom pressure equilibrium strata pressure；During closing well, either pit shaft or ground
Layer, all parameters are all the functions of time；It is pure including shaft bottom after shaft bottom mixture length transition after closing well stabilization and closing well stabilization
The length transition of gas column：
Shaft bottom mixture length after closing well is stable：
In formula：Δ P=g ρ Q Δs t/Aa, hop counts of the n by annular space points of mixture；
The length of the pure gas column in shaft bottom after closing well is stable：Hmix(n+1)=HmixO-Hmix(n)。
The described module that virtually presented without ordering operation includes one the virtual presentation module based on gas expansion model, it
The pressure conversion submodule that is produced including gaseous state transform subblock, gas overflow weight in annular space, natural gas compressing system
Number transform subblock：
The equation of gas state：
In formula：PsFor the pressure under standard state, unit is kPa；VsFor the volume under standard state, unit is m3；ZsFor
The compressed coefficient under standard state；TsFor the temperature under standard state, unit is ° K；P is pressure, and unit is kPa；V is gas
Volume, unit is m3；T is temperature, and unit is ° K；It in temperature is the compressed coefficient under conditions of T, pressure are P that Z, which is,；As long as knowing
Pressure, temperature and the compressed coefficient at road moment, you can try to achieve gas volume now；
The pressure that gas overflow weight is produced in annular space：According to gas, gas weight is not in uphill process in annular space
Become, the density that gas column is tried to achieve with the equation of gas state at the kill-job moment is：
In formula：ρs、Ps、Ts、ZsGas density, pressure, temperature and the compressed coefficient under standard state are represented respectively,
TxA certain moment gas column midpoint formation temperature is risen to for gas, unit is ° K；The pressure that gas column weight is caused is：Gas is highly used to gas volume VxAnd cross-sectional area AaRepresent, then：
In formula：AaThe cross-sectional area of annular space section where gas, by AaValue be taken as the average traversal area of whole annular space,
The pressure that then gas weight is caused is a constant, because the value very little of this pressure, simplifies error caused by after processing and disregards；
Gas compressive coefficient：
In formula：Reduced pressureReduced temperature
Above formula is an implicit form, and the compressed coefficient is obtained with trial and error procedure, and its solution is：First assume an initial compression because
Sub- Z0, calculate Pr、Tr, then W is obtained, Z is finally calculated again；If | Z-Z0|≤ε, ε are precision, take 0.0001, then explanation is assumed
Z0It is exactly required compressibility factor；If | Z-Z0| ＞ ε, then illustrate to need to assume Z again0, then Z is calculated, and until meeting | Z-
Z0| untill≤ε.
The described module that virtually presented without ordering operation includes one the virtual presentation mould based on circulating pressure computation model
Block, it includes drill bit pressure consumption transform subblock, drilling rod internal pressure consumption transform subblock, drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption conversion submodule
Pressure consumption transform subblock, drill collar outer ring space pressure consumption transform subblock inside block, drill collar：
Drill bit pressure consumption equation：
In formula：PbFor bit pressuredrop, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；Q is to pass through bit nozzle
Mud displacement, unit is L/s；A0Accumulated for jet area, unit is cm2；C is nozzle orifice coeficient；
Drilling rod internal pressure consumes equation：
In formula：PlConsumed for drilling rod internal pressure, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is mud plastic viscosity,
Unit is Pas；D is drilling rod internal diameter, and unit is cm；B is constant；Q is mud flow rate, and unit is L/s；LpFor drilling rod overall length,
Unit is m；
Drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption equation：
In formula：PlPress and consume for drilling rod outer ring space, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is mud
Plastic viscosity, unit is Pas；D、D0Respectively hole diameter and drilling rod external diameter, unit is cm；Q is mud flow rate, and unit is L/s；
LpFor drilling rod overall length, unit is m；
Pressure consumption equation inside drill collar：
In formula：PlPress and consume for drill collar inside, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is viscous for mud plasticity
Degree, unit is Pas；dcFor drill collar internal diameter, unit is cm；Q is mud flow rate, and unit is L/s；LcFor drill collar total length, unit
For m；
Drill collar outer ring space pressure consumption equation：
In formula：PlPress and consume for drill collar outer ring space, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is mud
Plastic viscosity, unit is Pas；D、DcRespectively hole diameter and drill collar external diameter, unit is cm；Q is mud flow rate, and unit is L/s；
LcFor drill collar total length, unit is m.
The described module that virtually presented without ordering operation includes one the virtual presentation module based on drilling tool lifting model, it
Drill string force model conversion submodule during including making a trip, lift rate pattern transform subblock when making a trip：
Drill string force model when making a trip：
Pull out of hole：
It is lower to bore：
In formula：F is hook lifting force, and unit is N；FmThe frictional force produced for brake lever, unit is N；FfFor buoyancy, unit
For N, Ff=ρ (∑ qili)ρa, a is the acceleration of drill string, and unit is m/s2, qiFor the unit mass of drill string, unit is kg/m, li
For the length of certain section of drill string, unit is m, and ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3, ρaFor certain section of drill string density, unit is g/cm3；
FkThe frictional force for being drill string in well, unit is N；G is acceleration of gravity, and unit is m/s2；
Rate pattern is lifted when making a trip：Vpt(i)=Vpt(i-1)+aΔt；
In formula：Δ t is takes time step when calculating, and unit is s；Vpt(i)For t(i)Moment drill string speed, unit is m/s；
The effect of brake lever is to produce a frictional force, to prevent the motion of drill string in well, therefore, and brake lever effect is considered
Between 0~1, i.e., when brake lever is fully depressed by, its brake lever act as 1, and expression stops winch extremely；When brake lever is lifted completely, its
Brake lever act as 0, and brake strap is totally released by expression；This braking action between 0~1 meets winch brake drum friction mould
Type.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) without sequencing drilling simulation training system, all drilling simulation operation equipments height artificial site real equipment,
All kinds of panel layouts, operating method, parameter display mode etc., are consistent with production scene；By the mould synchronous with operation operating mode
Intend presentation 3-D graphic to project on the 120 ° of huge annular screens in front, the visual effect similar to field condition can be produced, matched somebody with somebody
With field apparatus EAX true to nature, the feeling of immersion on the spot in person to student and realism.
(2) system is based on advanced computer industry control technology, artificial intelligence technology, scientific visualization technology, virtual reality
Technology and high-level network technology, with reference to the strict simulation to drilling engineering actual process, using the classical physics of high reliability
Mathematical modeling, provided the user as made a trip, creeping into, well control, equipment fault detection, and at drilling failure, complex situations
A variety of training operations such as reason.
(3) driller's operator scheme without sequencing, has broken the conventional necessary step-by-step fixed operator scheme of training exercise,
Student allow based on snapshot, any operation can be simulated to put on drilling tool and put, gas overflow, well kick blowout, gas
Migration, pipeline frictional resistance is calculated, standpipe pressure, and casing pressure is calculated etc.；System can gather and recognize any nothing that student is made
Ordering operation, and give corresponding virtual presentation with reference to optical projection system；Without sequencing driller's operator scheme, according to true well history hole condition
Training snapshot is created, full-scale, devices at full hardware object operation environment is simulated, very three-dimensional, interactive animation is realized.
(4) the height emulation on from hole condition to equipment operation is realized, the student that undergoes training is greatly improved operational flexibly
Property so that the student that undergoes training is increased dramatically on training efficiency and result of training.
(5) training contents system, comprehensively, project configuration is flexible；Complete intelligent scoring, is examined fair and just；User interface
Close friend, is easy to learn and use；Controlled using technical grade PLC, the stability of a system is strong, reliability is high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is drilling simulation system structural schematic block diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is simulation program flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
It is as described below.
As shown in figure 1, based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern, it includes drilling simulation operation equipment, PLC
Controller and control unit, described drilling simulation operation equipment include driller's operating desk, preventer control panel, flow plug control
Operating desk is driven on platform, remote console, standpipe manifold, choke manifold and top.Control unit is included at main control computer, parameter machine and figure
Reason machine, drilling simulation operation equipment is connected with PLC, and PLC is connected by serial ports with parameter machine, parameter machine and figure
Shape processor is connected by communication network with main control computer respectively.
Valve, button, indicator lamp, pressure gauge and thermometer, PLC controls are provided with described drilling simulation operation equipment
The collector of valve opening and button state in circle collection drilling simulation operation equipment is provided with device；
It is provided with described main control computer for according to valve opening and button state data, being calculated by mathematical modeling
Equipment Working state data, the meter of mobility status data in LED status, pressure gauge data, thermometer data, virtual scene
Calculate module；
It is provided with described graphic processor for simulation to be presented according to equipment Working state data in virtual scene
The virtual presentation module of live outdoor scene and equipment working condition.
Based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern also include optical projection system, optical projection system include projecting apparatus and with
The projection screen that projecting apparatus is engaged, projecting apparatus is connected with graphic processor, and projection screen is using 120 ° of huge annular curtains.
Field apparatus EAX simulation system is also included based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern, scene is set
Standby EAX simulation system includes sound equipment, and sound equipment is connected with main control computer.
Full intelligent scoring module is additionally provided with described main control computer, the operation of student can be scored, examination is fair
It is just.
It is provided with described PLC for gathering student without drilling simulation operation equipment under ordering operation pattern
Valve opening and button state without ordering operation acquisition module；It is provided with main control computer for according to without under ordering operation pattern
Valve opening and button state data, are referred to by being calculated without ordering operation State Transferring mathematical modeling under no ordering operation pattern
Show equipment Working state data, the calculating of mobility status data in lamp state, pressure gauge data, thermometer data, virtual scene
Module；It is provided with graphic processor for being presented according to without equipment Working state data in virtual scene under ordering operation pattern
Module is virtually presented without ordering operation without the live outdoor scene of ordering operation pattern Imitating and equipment working condition.
The described module that virtually presented without ordering operation includes one the virtual presentation module based on drilling process model, use
In emulation drilling process in actual physics parameter change so that student without ordering operation real-time effect in correspondence model,
Corresponding parameter is calculated, it includes drilling speed transform subblock and effective drill bit than water-horse power transform subblock：
Equation for drilling rate is：
In formula：A is the pressure of the drill index,B is rotating speed index,C is
Strata pressure index,D is the poor coefficient of drilling fluid density,
kdDrillability, k are counted for stratumd=0.00165H+0.635；W is that unit is KN/mm than the pressure of the drill；N is rotating speed, single
Position is rpm；HEIIt is effective drill bit than water-horse power, unit is kw/mm2；ρmFor actual or design mud density, unit is g/cm3；
ρpFor strata pressure equal yield density, unit is g/cm3；V is rate of penetration, and unit is m/h；
Effective drill bit is than water-horse power accounting equation：
In formula：HEIIt is effective drill bit than water-horse power, unit is kw/mm2；ρmFor actual or design mud density, unit
For g/cm3；Q is discharge capacity, and unit is L/s；DbFor bit diameter, unit is cm；deFor nozzle equivalent diameter, unit is cm,j1,j2,j3For nozzle diameter, unit is cm.
The described module that virtually presented without ordering operation includes one the virtual presentation module based on overflow model, and it includes
Flooding process ASM and closing well flooding process ASM：
(1) flooding process ASM：During generation overflow, the gas flow increase entered from stratum in pit shaft, shaft bottom
Pressure constantly reduces, and gas admission velocity is continuously increased, and the change of all parameters is all the continuous function of time during being somebody's turn to do,
In one small time interval of delta t, air inflow meets quadratic linear equation；It includes gas flow conversion, every section of mixture length
Conversion, the conversion of annular space mixture total length, spillway discharge conversion, every section of mixture density conversion in well：
Gas flow is calculated：
In formula：QgsFor corresponding to PbStandard state under gas flow amount, unit is m3/s；PP、PbFor stratum, shaft bottom
Effective pressure, unit is kPa；C is seepage coefficient, and unit is m3/kPa·s；Within the j moment Δ t times：
Every section of mixture length：ΔHmi×(j)={ Q [P(j)-P(j-1)]+UjQgs(j)ln[P(j)/P(j-1)]/(g ρ Q), (j=
1,2,3 ... ..., n-1)；
In formula：Q is mud displacement, and unit is m3/s；Unit is kPa；P(j)For jth section mixture bottom
Pressure, unit is kPa；P(j-1)For jth section mixture top pressure, unit is kPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；g
For acceleration of gravity, unit is m/s2；
Annular space mixture total length：
Spillway discharge in well：
Every section of mixture density：
In formula：For mud volume fraction in mixture,AaFor the overflow segment annular space cross-sectional area,
Unit is mm2；For natural-gas integration amount in mixture,ρgFor natural gas density, unit is g/cm3；
Because of ρgMuch smaller than ρ, so every section of mixture density is rewritten as：
(2) closing well flooding process ASM：Closing well process is really the process that bottom pressure recovers, during firm closing well,
Due to bottom pressure lack of equilibrium strata pressure, formation fluid will also go successively to pit shaft, and the gases at high pressure of entrance are mineshaft annulus
Mixture compresses, and is continuously increased casing pressure and standpipe pressure, with the extension of closed-in time, bottom pressure gradually increases, stratum
Fluid admission velocity is gradually decreased, to the last bottom pressure equilibrium strata pressure；During closing well, either pit shaft or ground
Layer, all parameters are all the functions of time；It is pure including shaft bottom after shaft bottom mixture length transition after closing well stabilization and closing well stabilization
The length transition of gas column：
Shaft bottom mixture length after closing well is stable：
In formula：Δ P=g ρ Q Δs t/Aa, hop counts of the n by annular space points of mixture；
The length of the pure gas column in shaft bottom after closing well is stable：Hmix(n+1)=HmixO-Hmix(n)。
The described module that virtually presented without ordering operation includes one the virtual presentation module based on gas expansion model, it
The pressure conversion submodule that is produced including gaseous state transform subblock, gas overflow weight in annular space, natural gas compressing system
Number transform subblock：
The equation of gas state：
In formula：PsFor the pressure under standard state, unit is kPa；VsFor the volume under standard state, unit is m3；ZsFor
The compressed coefficient under standard state；TsFor the temperature under standard state, unit is ° K；P is pressure, and unit is kPa；V is gas
Volume, unit is m3；T is temperature, and unit is ° K；It in temperature is the compressed coefficient under conditions of T, pressure are P that Z, which is,；As long as knowing
Pressure, temperature and the compressed coefficient at road moment, you can try to achieve gas volume now；
The pressure that gas overflow weight is produced in annular space：According to gas, gas weight is not in uphill process in annular space
Become, the density that gas column is tried to achieve with the equation of gas state at the kill-job moment is：
In formula：ρs、Ps、Ts、ZsGas density, pressure, temperature and the compression system under standard state are represented respectively
Number, TxA certain moment gas column midpoint formation temperature is risen to for gas, unit is ° K；The pressure that gas column weight is caused is：Gas is highly used to gas volume VxAnd cross-sectional area AaRepresent, then：
In formula：AaThe cross-sectional area of annular space section where gas, by AaValue be taken as the average traversal area of whole annular space,
The pressure that then gas weight is caused is a constant, because the value very little of this pressure, simplifies error caused by after processing and disregards；
Gas compressive coefficient：
In formula：Reduced pressureReduced temperature
Above formula is an implicit form, and the compressed coefficient is obtained with trial and error procedure, and its solution is：First assume an initial compression because
Sub- Z0, calculate Pr、Tr, then W is obtained, Z is finally calculated again；If | Z-Z0|≤ε, ε are precision, take 0.0001, then explanation is assumed
Z0It is exactly required compressibility factor；If | Z-Z0| ＞ ε, then illustrate to need to assume Z again0, then Z is calculated, and until meeting | Z-
Z0| untill≤ε.
The described module that virtually presented without ordering operation includes one the virtual presentation mould based on circulating pressure computation model
Block, it includes drill bit pressure consumption transform subblock, drilling rod internal pressure consumption transform subblock, drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption conversion submodule
Pressure consumption transform subblock, drill collar outer ring space pressure consumption transform subblock inside block, drill collar：
Drill bit pressure consumption equation：
In formula：PbFor bit pressuredrop, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；Q is to pass through bit nozzle
Mud displacement, unit is L/s；A0Accumulated for jet area, unit is cm2；C is nozzle orifice coeficient；
Drilling rod internal pressure consumes equation：
In formula：PlConsumed for drilling rod internal pressure, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is mud plastic viscosity,
Unit is Pas；D is drilling rod internal diameter, and unit is cm；B is constant；Q is mud flow rate, and unit is L/s；LpFor drilling rod overall length,
Unit is m；
Drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption equation：
In formula：PlPress and consume for drilling rod outer ring space, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is mud
Plastic viscosity, unit is Pas；D、D0Respectively hole diameter and drilling rod external diameter, unit is cm；Q is mud flow rate, and unit is L/s；
LpFor drilling rod overall length, unit is m；
Pressure consumption equation inside drill collar：
In formula：PlPress and consume for drill collar inside, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is viscous for mud plasticity
Degree, unit is Pas；dcFor drill collar internal diameter, unit is cm；Q is mud flow rate, and unit is L/s；LcFor drill collar total length, unit
For m；
Drill collar outer ring space pressure consumption equation：
In formula：PlPress and consume for drill collar outer ring space, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is mud
Plastic viscosity, unit is Pas；D、DcRespectively hole diameter and drill collar external diameter, unit is cm；Q is mud flow rate, and unit is L/s；
LcFor drill collar total length, unit is m.
The described module that virtually presented without ordering operation includes one the virtual presentation module based on drilling tool lifting model, it
Drill string force model conversion submodule during including making a trip, lift rate pattern transform subblock when making a trip：
Drill string force model when making a trip：
Pull out of hole：
It is lower to bore：
In formula：F is hook lifting force, and unit is N；FmThe frictional force produced for brake lever, unit is N；FfFor buoyancy, unit
For N, Ff=ρ (∑ qili)ρa, a is the acceleration of drill string, and unit is m/s2, qiFor the unit mass of drill string, unit is kg/m, li
For the length of certain section of drill string, unit is m, and ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3, ρaFor certain section of drill string density, unit is g/cm3；
FkThe frictional force for being drill string in well, unit is N；G is acceleration of gravity, and unit is m/s2；
Rate pattern is lifted when making a trip：Vpt(i)=Vpt(i-1)+aΔt；
In formula：Δ t is takes time step when calculating, and unit is s；Vpt(i)For t(i)Moment drill string speed, unit is m/s；
The effect of brake lever is to produce a frictional force, to prevent the motion of drill string in well, therefore, and brake lever effect is considered
Between 0~1, i.e., when brake lever is fully depressed by, its brake lever act as 1, and expression stops winch extremely；When brake lever is lifted completely, its
Brake lever act as 0, and brake strap is totally released by expression；This braking action between 0~1 meets winch brake drum friction mould
Type.
Based on the drilling simulation method without ordering operation pattern, it comprises the following steps：
S1：Gather valve and button state data：Valve opening in PLC circle collection drilling simulation operation equipment
And button state；
S2：Data are sent to main control computer：PLC is by serial ports by the valve opening collected and button state data
It is sent to main control computer；
S3：Main control computer is calculated：Main control computer calculates instruction according to valve opening and button state data by mathematical modeling
Equipment Working state data, mobility status data in lamp state, pressure gauge data, thermometer data, virtual scene；
S4：Virtual to present, it includes following two sub-steps：
(1) main control computer will calculate obtained LED status, pressure gauge data, thermometer data back to PLC,
PLC is accordingly controlled the indicator lamp in drilling simulation operation equipment, pressure gauge and thermometer；
(2) equipment Working state data is sent to graphic processor, figure in the virtual scene that main control computer obtains calculating
The live outdoor scene and equipment working condition of simulation are presented according to this data for processor.
As shown in Fig. 2 also belonging to student oneself including a foundation based on the drilling simulation method without ordering operation pattern
Well data the step of and one select the well data set up, the step of realizing simulated operation by data loading：
The step of foundation belongs to the well data of student oneself includes following sub-step：
SS1：Select drilling well type；
SS2：Select well type；
SS3：Borehole data is set；
SS4：Drilling rod is set to combine；
SS5：Figure original state is set；
SS6：Formation data is set；
SS7：Pump data is set；
SS8：Manifold data are set；
SS9：Mud data are set；
SS10：Preserve data.
In order to realize simulator without ordering operation pattern, it is necessary to change over condition between the various states of drilling equipment is added
To handle, when the operational circumstances of student there occurs corresponding change, meet from some condition change to next condition when,
Corresponding conversion is realized, similar to an Infinite State interpreter, any variation of state is realized.
In order to realize arbitrarily being moved without sequencing for simulator, multiple Physics-mathematics models are introduced, for emulating in drilling process
Actual physics parameter change, accomplish student operate, can real-time effect in correspondence model, calculate corresponding parameter.
Also include one based on the drilling simulation method without ordering operation pattern without ordering operation State Transferring step, learning
Member operational circumstances change, and meet from a condition change to another condition when, realize corresponding states change.
It is described to include one the State Transferring step based on drilling process model, use without ordering operation State Transferring step
In emulation drilling process in actual physics parameter change so that student without ordering operation real-time effect in correspondence model,
Corresponding parameter is calculated, it includes drilling speed and changes sub-step and effective drill bit ratio water-horse power conversion sub-step：
Equation for drilling rate is：
In formula：A is the pressure of the drill index,B is rotating speed index,C is
Strata pressure index,D is the poor coefficient of drilling fluid density,
kdDrillability, k are counted for stratumd=0.00165H+0.635；W is that unit is KN/mm than the pressure of the drill；N is rotating speed, single
Position is rpm；HEIIt is effective drill bit than water-horse power, unit is kw/mm2；ρmFor actual or design mud density, unit is g/cm3；
ρpFor strata pressure equal yield density, unit is g/cm3；V is rate of penetration, and unit is m/h；
Effective drill bit is than water-horse power accounting equation：
In formula：HEIIt is effective drill bit than water-horse power, unit is kw/mm2；ρmFor actual or design mud density, unit is
g/cm3；Q is discharge capacity, and unit is L/s；DbFor bit diameter, unit is cm；deFor nozzle equivalent diameter, unit is cm,j1,j2,j3For nozzle diameter, unit is cm.
Described to include one the State Transferring step based on overflow model without ordering operation State Transferring step, it includes
Flooding process simulation steps and closing well flooding process simulation steps：
(1) flooding process simulation steps：During generation overflow, the gas flow increase entered from stratum in pit shaft, shaft bottom pressure
Power constantly reduces, and gas admission velocity is continuously increased, and the change of all parameters is all the continuous function of time during being somebody's turn to do, one
In individual small time interval of delta t, air inflow meets quadratic linear equation；It includes gas flow conversion sub-step, every section of mixture
Length transition sub-step, annular space mixture total length conversion sub-step, spillway discharge conversion sub-step, every section of mixture density in well
Change sub-step：
Gas flow is calculated：
In formula：QgsFor corresponding to PbStandard state under gas flow amount, unit is m3/s；PP、PbFor stratum, shaft bottom
Effective pressure, unit is kPa；C is seepage coefficient, takes 0.2, unit is m3/kPa·s；Within the j moment Δ t times：
Every section of mixture length：ΔHmi×(j)={ Q [P(j)-P(j-1)]+UjQgs(j)ln[P(j)/P(j-1)]/(g ρ Q), (j=
1,2,3 ... ..., n-1)；
In formula：Q is mud displacement, and unit is m3/s；Unit is kPa；P(j)For jth section mixture bottom
Pressure, unit is kPa；P(j-1)For jth section mixture top pressure, unit is kPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；g
For acceleration of gravity, unit is m/s2；
Annular space mixture total length：
Spillway discharge in well：
Every section of mixture density：
In formula：For mud volume fraction in mixture,AaFor the overflow segment annular space cross section
Product, unit is mm2；For natural-gas integration amount in mixture,ρgFor natural gas density, unit is g/
cm3；Because of ρgMuch smaller than ρ, so every section of mixture density is rewritten as：
(2) closing well flooding process simulation steps：Closing well process is really the process that bottom pressure recovers, during firm closing well, by
In bottom pressure lack of equilibrium strata pressure, formation fluid will also go successively to pit shaft, and the gases at high pressure of entrance mix mineshaft annulus
Compound compresses, and is continuously increased casing pressure and standpipe pressure, with the extension of closed-in time, bottom pressure gradually increases, ground laminar flow
Body admission velocity is gradually decreased, to the last bottom pressure equilibrium strata pressure；During closing well, either pit shaft or ground
Layer, all parameters are all the functions of time；After it is including shaft bottom mixture length transition sub-step after closing well stabilization and closing well stabilization
The length transition sub-step of the pure gas column in shaft bottom：
Shaft bottom mixture length after closing well is stable：
In formula：Δ P=g ρ Q Δs t/Aa, hop counts of the n by annular space points of mixture；
The length of the pure gas column in shaft bottom after closing well is stable：Hmix(n+1)=HmixO-Hmix(n)。
It is described to include one the State Transferring step based on gas expansion model without ordering operation State Transferring step, it
Sub-step, the pressure conversion sub-step that gas overflow weight is produced in annular space, natural gas compressing system are changed including gaseous state
Number conversion sub-step：
The equation of gas state：
In formula：PsFor the pressure under standard state, unit is kPa；VsFor the volume under standard state, unit is m3；ZsFor
The compressed coefficient under standard state；TsFor the temperature under standard state, unit is ° K；P is pressure, and unit is kPa；V is gas
Volume, unit is m3；T is temperature, and unit is ° K；It in temperature is the compressed coefficient under conditions of T, pressure are P that Z, which is,；As long as knowing
Pressure, temperature and the compressed coefficient at road moment, you can try to achieve gas volume now；
The pressure that gas overflow weight is produced in annular space：According to gas, gas weight is not in uphill process in annular space
Become, the density that gas column is tried to achieve with the equation of gas state at the kill-job moment is：
In formula：ρs、Ps、Ts、ZsGas density, pressure, temperature and the compression system under standard state are represented respectively
Number, TxA certain moment gas column midpoint formation temperature is risen to for gas, unit is ° K；The pressure that gas column weight is caused is：Gas is highly used to gas volume VxAnd cross-sectional area AaRepresent, then：
In formula：AaThe cross-sectional area of annular space section where gas, by AaValue be taken as the average traversal area of whole annular space,
The pressure that then gas weight is caused is a constant, because the value very little of this pressure, simplifies error caused by after processing and disregards；
Gas compressive coefficient：
In formula：Reduced pressureReduced temperature
Above formula is an implicit form, and the compressed coefficient is obtained with trial and error procedure, and its solution is：First assume an initial compression because
Sub- Z0, calculate Pr、Tr, then W is obtained, Z is finally calculated again；If | Z-Z0|≤ε, ε are precision, take 0.0001, then explanation is assumed
Z0It is exactly required compressibility factor；If | Z-Z0| ＞ ε, then illustrate to need to assume Z again0, then Z is calculated, and until meeting | Z-
Z0| untill≤ε；
Described includes a State Transferring step based on circulating pressure computation model without ordering operation State Transferring step
Suddenly, it includes drill bit pressure consumption conversion sub-step, drilling rod internal pressure consumption conversion sub-step, drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption conversion sub-step
Suddenly, pressure consumption conversion sub-step, drill collar outer ring space pressure consumption conversion sub-step inside drill collar：
Drill bit pressure consumption equation：
In formula：PbFor bit pressuredrop, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；Q is to pass through bit nozzle
Mud displacement, unit is L/s；A0Accumulated for jet area, unit is cm2；C is nozzle orifice coeficient, takes 0.98；
Drilling rod internal pressure consumes equation：
In formula：PlConsumed for drilling rod internal pressure, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is mud plastic viscosity,
Unit is Pas；D is drilling rod internal diameter, and unit is cm；B is constant, for internal flush drill pipe B=0.51655；Q is mud flow rate,
Unit is L/s；LpFor drilling rod overall length, unit is m；
Drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption equation：
In formula：PlPress and consume for drilling rod outer ring space, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is mud
Plastic viscosity, unit is Pas；D、D0Respectively hole diameter and drilling rod external diameter, unit is cm；Q is mud flow rate, and unit is L/s；
LpFor drilling rod overall length, unit is m；
Pressure consumption equation inside drill collar：
In formula：PlPress and consume for drill collar inside, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is viscous for mud plasticity
Degree, unit is Pas；dcFor drill collar internal diameter, unit is cm；Q is mud flow rate, and unit is L/s；LcFor drill collar total length, unit
For m；
Drill collar outer ring space pressure consumption equation：
In formula：PlPress and consume for drill collar outer ring space, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is mud
Plastic viscosity, unit is Pas；D、DcRespectively hole diameter and drill collar external diameter, unit is cm；Q is mud flow rate, and unit is L/s；
LcFor drill collar total length, unit is m；
It is described to include one the State Transferring step based on drilling tool lifting model without ordering operation State Transferring step, it
Drill string force model conversion sub-step during including making a trip, lifting rate pattern conversion sub-step when making a trip：
Drill string force model when making a trip：
Pull out of hole：
It is lower to bore：
In formula：F is hook lifting force, and unit is N；FmThe frictional force produced for brake lever, unit is N；FfFor buoyancy, unit
For N, Ff=ρ (∑ qili)ρa, a is the acceleration of drill string, and unit is m/s2, qiFor the unit mass of drill string, unit is kg/m, li
For the length of certain section of drill string, unit is m, and ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3, ρaFor certain section of drill string density, unit is g/cm3；
FkThe frictional force for being drill string in well, unit is N；G is acceleration of gravity, and unit is m/s2；
Rate pattern is lifted when making a trip：Vpt(i)=Vpt(i-1)+aΔt；
In formula：Δ t is takes time step when calculating, and unit is s；Vpt(i)For t(i)Moment drill string speed, unit is m/s；
The effect of brake lever is to produce a frictional force, to prevent the motion of drill string in well, therefore, and brake lever effect is considered
Between 0~1, i.e., when brake lever is fully depressed by, its brake lever act as 1, and expression stops winch extremely；When brake lever is lifted completely, its
Brake lever act as 0, and brake strap is totally released by expression；(braking action is exactly brake strap with stopping to this braking action between 0~1
The frictional force that car drum is produced) meet winch brake drum friction model.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to described herein
Form, is not to be taken as the exclusion to other embodiment, and available for various other combinations, modification and environment, and can be at this
In the text contemplated scope, it is modified by the technology or knowledge of above-mentioned teaching or association area.And those skilled in the art are entered
Capable change and change does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, then all should appended claims of the present invention protection domain
It is interior.
Claims (7)
1. based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern, it is characterised in that：It includes drilling simulation operation equipment, PLC
Controller and control unit, control unit include main control computer, parameter machine and graphic processor, drilling simulation operation equipment and PLC
Controller is connected, and PLC is connected by serial ports with parameter machine, parameter machine and graphic processor respectively by communication network and
Main control computer is connected；
It is provided with described drilling simulation operation equipment in valve, button, indicator lamp, pressure gauge and thermometer, PLC
It is provided with the collector of valve opening and button state in circle collection drilling simulation operation equipment；
It is provided with described main control computer for according to valve opening and button state data, instruction to be calculated by mathematical modeling
Equipment Working state data, the calculating mould of mobility status data in lamp state, pressure gauge data, thermometer data, virtual scene
Block；
The scene for simulation to be presented according to equipment Working state data in virtual scene is provided with described graphic processor
The virtual presentation module of outdoor scene and equipment working condition；
It is provided with described PLC for gathering student without valve in drilling simulation operation equipment under ordering operation pattern
Aperture and button state without ordering operation acquisition module；It is provided with main control computer for according to without ordering operation pattern lower valve
Aperture and button state data, by calculating indicator lamp under no ordering operation pattern without ordering operation State Transferring mathematical modeling
Equipment Working state data, the computing module of mobility status data in state, pressure gauge data, thermometer data, virtual scene；
It is provided with graphic processor for being presented according to without equipment Working state data in virtual scene under ordering operation pattern without fixed
Module is virtually presented without ordering operation in sequence operator scheme Imitating scene outdoor scene and equipment working condition；
The described module that virtually presented without ordering operation includes one the virtual presentation module based on drilling process model, for imitating
The change of actual physics parameter in true drilling process so that student without ordering operation real-time effect in correspondence model, calculate
Go out corresponding parameter, it includes drilling speed transform subblock and effective drill bit than water-horse power transform subblock：
Equation for drilling rate is：
In formula：A is the pressure of the drill index,B is rotating speed index,C is stratum
Pressure index,D is the poor coefficient of drilling fluid density,kdCounted for stratum
Drillability, kd=0.00165H+0.635；W is that unit is KN/mm than the pressure of the drill；N is rotating speed, and unit is rpm；HEIFor effectively brill
Head is than water-horse power, and unit is kw/mm2；ρmFor actual or design mud density, unit is g/cm3；ρpIt is close for strata pressure equivalent
Degree, unit is g/cm3；V is rate of penetration, and unit is m/h；
Effective drill bit is than water-horse power accounting equation：
In formula：HEIIt is effective drill bit than water-horse power, unit is kw/mm2；ρmFor actual or design mud density, unit is
g/cm3；Q is discharge capacity, and unit is L/s；DbFor bit diameter, unit is cm；deFor nozzle equivalent diameter, unit is cm,j1,j2,j3For nozzle diameter, unit is cm.
2. it is according to claim 1 based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern, it is characterised in that：It also includes
Optical projection system, optical projection system includes projecting apparatus and the projection screen being engaged with projecting apparatus, and projecting apparatus is connected with graphic processor.
3. it is according to claim 1 based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern, it is characterised in that：Described brill
Well simulated operation equipment includes driller's operating desk, preventer control panel, choke console, remote console, standpipe manifold, section
The combination of any one or more in operating desk is driven on flow tube remittance and top.
4. it is according to claim 1 based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern, it is characterised in that：Described nothing
Module, which is virtually presented, in ordering operation includes one the virtual presentation module based on overflow model, and it includes flooding process and simulates submodule
Block and closing well flooding process ASM：
(1) flooding process ASM：During generation overflow, the gas flow increase entered from stratum in pit shaft, bottom pressure
Constantly reduce, gas admission velocity is continuously increased, the change of all parameters is all the continuous function of time during being somebody's turn to do, at one
In small time interval of delta t, air inflow meets quadratic linear equation；It include gas flow conversion, every section of mixture length transition,
Spillway discharge conversion, every section of mixture density conversion in the conversion of annular space mixture total length, well：
Gas flow is calculated：
In formula：QgsFor corresponding to PbStandard state under gas flow amount, unit is m3/s；PP、PbIt is effective for stratum, shaft bottom
Pressure, unit is kPa；C is seepage coefficient, and unit is m3/kPa·s；Within the j moment Δ t times：
Every section of mixture length：ΔHmi×(j)={ Q [P(j)-P(j-1)]+UjQgs(j)ln[P(j)/P(j-1)]/(g ρ Q), (j=1,2,
3 ... ..., n-1)；
In formula：Q is mud displacement, and unit is m3/s；Unit is kPa；P(j)For jth section mixture base pressure,
Unit is kPa；P(j-1)For jth section mixture top pressure, unit is kPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；G is gravity
Acceleration, unit is m/s2；
Annular space mixture total length：
Spillway discharge in well：
Every section of mixture density：
In formula：For mud volume fraction in mixture,AaFor the overflow segment annular space cross-sectional area, unit
For mm2；For natural-gas integration amount in mixture,ρgFor natural gas density, unit is g/cm3；Because of ρg
Much smaller than ρ, so every section of mixture density is rewritten as：
(2) closing well flooding process ASM：Closing well process is really the process that bottom pressure recovers, during firm closing well, due to
Bottom pressure lack of equilibrium strata pressure, formation fluid will also go successively to pit shaft, and the gases at high pressure of entrance mix mineshaft annulus
Thing compresses, and is continuously increased casing pressure and standpipe pressure, with the extension of closed-in time, bottom pressure gradually increases, formation fluid
Admission velocity is gradually decreased, to the last bottom pressure equilibrium strata pressure；During closing well, either pit shaft or stratum,
All parameters are all the functions of time；It includes the pure gas column in shaft bottom after shaft bottom mixture length transition after closing well stabilization and closing well stabilization
Length transition：
Shaft bottom mixture length after closing well is stable：
In formula：Δ P=g ρ Q Δs t/Aa, hop counts of the n by annular space points of mixture；
The length of the pure gas column in shaft bottom after closing well is stable：Hmix(n+1)=HmixO-Hmix(n)。
5. it is according to claim 1 based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern, it is characterised in that：Described nothing
Module, which is virtually presented, in ordering operation includes one the virtual presentation module based on gas expansion model, and it includes gaseous state conversion
Pressure conversion submodule that submodule, gas overflow weight are produced in annular space, gas compressive coefficient transform subblock：
The equation of gas state：
In formula：PsFor the pressure under standard state, unit is kPa；VsFor the volume under standard state, unit is m3；ZsFor standard
The compressed coefficient under state；TsFor the temperature under standard state, unit is ° K；P is pressure, and unit is kPa；V is gas volume,
Unit is m3；T is temperature, and unit is ° K；It in temperature is the compressed coefficient under conditions of T, pressure are P that Z, which is,；Only it is to be understood that some time
Pressure, temperature and the compressed coefficient at quarter, you can try to achieve gas volume now；
The pressure that gas overflow weight is produced in annular space：According to gas, gas weight is constant in uphill process in annular space, uses
The equation of gas state tries to achieve density of the gas column at the kill-job moment：
In formula：ρs、Ps、Ts、ZsGas density, pressure, temperature and the compressed coefficient under standard state, T are represented respectivelyx
A certain moment gas column midpoint formation temperature is risen to for gas, unit is ° K；The pressure that gas column weight is caused is：Gas is highly used to gas volume VxAnd cross-sectional area AaRepresent, then：
In formula：AaThe cross-sectional area of annular space section where gas, by AaValue be taken as the average traversal area of whole annular space, then gas
The pressure that body weight is caused is a constant, because the value very little of this pressure, simplifies error caused by after processing and disregards；
Gas compressive coefficient：
In formula：Reduced pressureReduced temperature
Above formula is an implicit form, and the compressed coefficient is obtained with trial and error procedure, and its solution is：First assume an initial compression factor Z0,
Calculate Pr、Tr, then W is obtained, Z is finally calculated again；If | Z-Z0|≤ε, ε are precision, take 0.0001, then illustrate the Z assumed0
It is exactly required compressibility factor；If | Z-Z0| ＞ ε, then illustrate to need to assume Z again0, then Z is calculated, and until meeting | Z-Z0|≤
Untill ε.
6. it is according to claim 1 based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern, it is characterised in that：Described nothing
Module, which is virtually presented, in ordering operation includes one the virtual presentation module based on circulating pressure computation model, and it includes drill bit and presses consumption
Transform subblock, drilling rod internal pressure consumption transform subblock, drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption transform subblock, the pressure consumption conversion of drill collar inside
Submodule, drill collar outer ring space pressure consumption transform subblock：
Drill bit pressure consumption equation：
In formula：PbFor bit pressuredrop, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；Q is the mud by bit nozzle
Discharge capacity, unit is L/s；A0Accumulated for jet area, unit is cm2；C is nozzle orifice coeficient；
Drilling rod internal pressure consumes equation：
In formula：PlConsumed for drilling rod internal pressure, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is mud plastic viscosity, unit
For Pas；D is drilling rod internal diameter, and unit is cm；B is constant；Q is mud flow rate, and unit is L/s；LpFor drilling rod overall length, unit
For m；
Drilling rod outer ring space pressure consumption equation：
In formula：PlPress and consume for drilling rod outer ring space, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is mud plasticity
Viscosity, unit is Pas；D、D0Respectively hole diameter and drilling rod external diameter, unit is cm；Q is mud flow rate, and unit is L/s；LpFor
Drilling rod overall length, unit is m；
Pressure consumption equation inside drill collar：
In formula：PlPress and consume for drill collar inside, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is mud plastic viscosity, single
Position is Pas；dcFor drill collar internal diameter, unit is cm；Q is mud flow rate, and unit is L/s；LcFor drill collar total length, unit is m；
Drill collar outer ring space pressure consumption equation：
In formula：PlPress and consume for drill collar outer ring space, unit is MPa；ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3；η is mud plasticity
Viscosity, unit is Pas；D、DcRespectively hole diameter and drill collar external diameter, unit is cm；Q is mud flow rate, and unit is L/s；LcFor
Drill collar total length, unit is m.
7. it is according to claim 1 based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern, it is characterised in that：Described nothing
Module, which is virtually presented, in ordering operation includes one the virtual presentation module based on drilling tool lifting model, drill string when it includes making a trip
Stress model transform subblock, rate pattern transform subblock is lifted when making a trip：
Drill string force model when making a trip：
Pull out of hole：
It is lower to bore：
In formula：F is hook lifting force, and unit is N；FmThe frictional force produced for brake lever, unit is N；FfFor buoyancy, unit is N,
Ff=ρ (∑ qili)ρa, a is the acceleration of drill string, and unit is m/s2, qiFor the unit mass of drill string, unit is kg/m, liFor certain
The length of section drill string, unit is m, and ρ is mud density, and unit is g/cm3, ρaFor certain section of drill string density, unit is g/cm3；FkFor
Frictional force of the drill string in well, unit is N；G is acceleration of gravity, and unit is m/s2；
Rate pattern is lifted when making a trip：Vpt(i)=Vpt(i-1)+aΔt；
In formula：Δ t is takes time step when calculating, and unit is s；Vpt(i)For t(i)Moment drill string speed, unit is m/s；
The effect of brake lever is to produce a frictional force, to prevent the motion of drill string in well, therefore, and brake lever effect is considered 0~1
Between, i.e., when brake lever is fully depressed by, its brake lever act as 1, and expression stops winch extremely；When brake lever is lifted completely, its brake lever
0 is act as, brake strap is totally released by expression；This braking action between 0~1 meets winch brake drum friction model.
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| CN104637362B (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2017-06-13 | 西南石油大学 | Based on drilling simulation system and method without ordering operation pattern |
| CN109697913A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-04-30 | 中国铁建重工集团有限公司 | A kind of drill jumbo simulation training system based on virtual reality |
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