CN101710466A - Method for simulating gas expansion for drilling simulator - Google Patents
Method for simulating gas expansion for drilling simulator Download PDFInfo
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- CN101710466A CN101710466A CN200910263420A CN200910263420A CN101710466A CN 101710466 A CN101710466 A CN 101710466A CN 200910263420 A CN200910263420 A CN 200910263420A CN 200910263420 A CN200910263420 A CN 200910263420A CN 101710466 A CN101710466 A CN 101710466A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for simulating gas expansion for a drilling simulator, which comprises the following steps: (1) reading state parameters and operating orders of front-end equipment; (2) according to the acquired equipment state parameters and the types of the operating orders and a pre-established gas expansion model, calculating data for realizing a gas expansion simulation cartoon; (3) according to a set data format, communicating with a specialized graphic processor unit, exchanging operational data, and then accordingly finishing the cartoon representation of the gas expansion in a drilling process by the graphic processor unit; and (4) according to the set data format and the graphic processor unit for communication, exchanging the state information of the cartoon. Based on computer stimulation technology and according to the on-site actual situations of drilling operation, vivid stimulation of the process of generating expansion when the gas overflows in an annulus and goes upwards in the drilling process is carried out, so that the presence of teaching training is enhanced, the training period is shortened, the training effect is improved, and the training cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of drilling simulator drilling process analogy method, particularly relate to a kind of method for simulating gas expansion for drilling simulator.
Background technology
Petroleum industry is a kind of technology-intensive industry, and drilling operation is that petroleum industry is taken reserves, gone up one of important means of production capacity.Because the restriction of petroleum drilling working condition and the complicacy of down-hole situation make petroleum drilling operation face great risk.In order to obtain better production efficiency and economic benefit, reduce the generation of human accident, situ of drilling well operating personnel and engineering technical personnel's technical skill training is just seemed very important.The simulation of drilling process is in the part of the outbalance in the drilling process, so the simulation of gas expansion for drilling simulator also is very important.
At present, the drill-well operation training is mainly carried out in the production scene, because the restriction of various conditions and factor makes training contents be subjected to great restriction, the systematicness of training, result of training and start-up's quantity etc. all are subjected to great influence.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, a kind of method for simulating gas expansion for drilling simulator based on computer simulation technique is provided, this method is with reference to the actual scene at drilling operation scene, produce the process that expands when gas overflow rises in the simulation drilling process in annular space, strengthen the presence of teaching, training, enhancement training effect, shortening training cycle, reduction training cost.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: method for simulating gas expansion for drilling simulator, at the control program of gas expansion simulation, realize gas expansion simulation specially according to following steps:
(1) reads the front-end equipment state parameter;
(2), calculate the data of realization gas expansion simulation animation according to state parameter that obtains and the gas inflationary model set up in advance;
(3) according to data layout of setting and the special Graphics Processing Unit communication that is provided with, exchanging operation data, Graphics Processing Unit finish in view of the above that gas expansion animation represents in the drilling process preface;
(4) according to data layout and the Graphics Processing Unit communication set, exchange animated state information;
(5) repeat (1)～(4).
Gas expansion simulation control program must continually communicate with front-end equipment, with the equipment state of obtaining front end and the operating process of obtaining the trainee.Done following reason like this:
(1) obtain the equipment state of front end hardware in real time after, handle through the gas simulation control program that expands, can produce and the synchronous animation process of hardware device operation by the drive pattern processing unit.
(2) the front-end equipment state that obtains in real time also is the basic data of simulation mathematical model in the gas expansion simulation control program.
The gas simulation gas expansion parameter that control program calculated that expands also needs real-time Transmission to give front-end equipment, and communication between simulation control program and the front-end equipment possesses two-way, at a high speed and stable properties so gas expands.
The operational order classification comprises: normally creep into closing well instruction, trip-out and closing well instruction, play drill collar and closing well instruction and empty well and closing well instruction.
The operating process of normally creeping into closing well comprises: begin this subjob, normally creep into, judge whether to occur overflow, then normally do not creep into if overflow occurs, if overflow occurs, open throttle manifold, close annular preventer, first envelope preventer, annular preventer, throttling valve, flat valve, well logging finishes this subjob then.
Trip-out comprises with the operating process of closing well: begins this subjob, unloads square kelly, play vertical rod, judge whether overflow, then do not returned vertical rod, connect the drilling tool preventer if the discovery overflow is then robbed if find overflow, and closing well, well logging finishes this subjob at last.
The operating process that plays drill collar and closing well comprises: begins this subjob, plays drill collar, judge whether overflow, then do not returned drill collar, take over control the spray single pole if the discovery overflow is then robbed if find overflow, and closing well, well logging finishes this subjob at last.
The operating process of empty well and closing well comprises: begin this subjob, play finishing drilling quickly, judge whether spillway discharge is big, if spillway discharge greatly then closing well, well logging finishes this subjob at last; Rob if spillway discharge is little and to take over control the spray single pole, closing well, well logging finishes this subjob at last.
Gas of the present invention expands to simulate and must be based upon on the strict mathematics model basis, so just can make the situation at the realistic scene of various parameters of gas expansion simulation, just can reach good result of training.
Pressure model that gas inflationary model bag gaseous state model of the present invention, gas overflow weight produce in annular space and rock gas compression model.The equipment status parameter that model uses comprises the compressibility coefficient Zs that draws together under the standard state, temperature T s, the cross-sectional area A under the standard state
a, the pressure P s under the gas law constant R, standard state, volume Vs, gas law constant R under the standard state, the gas density ρ under the standard state
s, the compressibility coefficient Zs under the standard state and the temperature T s dynamic parameter under the standard state comprise: pressure P, gas volume V, temperature T, gas volume Vx, drill bit total footage F, well depth H, stratum effective pressure P
P, shaft bottom effective pressure P
b, discharge capacity Q, bore that gaseous tension Px, gas that rotational speed N, rate of penetration V, gas rise to a certain moment gas column mid point rise to a certain moment gas column mid point formation temperature Tx and be T in temperature, pressure is the compressibility coefficient Z under the condition of P etc.
The hypothesis of gas inflationary model condition:
(1) drilling fluid annular space large rock-carrying ability Lc 〉=0.5; Annular space drilling cuttings concentration C a＜0.09; Annular space fluid stable parameter value Z≤hole stability value Z value.
(2) all general equation for drilling rate is to be based upon the stratum to add up on the basis of drillability, and it has reflected the macroscopic law of heterogeneity formation drillability.As long as select corresponding bite type by " drilling well handbook (Party A) ", set up formation drillability gradient formula accurately, include the program of design in, can draw realistic result.
(3) analysis of surge pressure and calculating are based upon on rigidity fluid column (tubing string is incompressible in drilling fluid and the well) theoretical foundation.
When (4) in the drilling well overflow taking place, the aerating mud that enters the gentle body formation of mud of annular space in the unit interval is mixed uniformly.Under this hypothesis, we can regard the gas content in the mixed mud of unit volume as equal.
(5) after the discovery overflow, the closing well of termination of pumping in time.Before the borehole pressure balance, formation gas still can constantly enter in the well.Therefore, in supposing to stablize during this period of time, form one section continuous pure gas column in the well from the termination of pumping closing well to closing well; And in the kill-job process, this continuous gas column is not destroyed.
(6) gas enters pit shaft and meets Darcy's law from the stratum.
(7) if the overflow that enters in the well is a gas, then suppose will expand when gas overflow rises in annular space, its expansion process meets the equation of gas state, and ignores the gas slippage phenomenon.If the overflow that enters in the well is a liquid, suppose that then liquid flooding does not expand and slippage phenomenon in uphill process.
(8) output power of motor is pressed the steady state value consideration.
(9) suppose that the underground temperature gradient in the well is a constant, then:
Bottomhole wellbore pressure=underground temperature gradient * well depth+wellhead temperature
(10) the formation-parting pressure gradient is a constant, and then the formation-parting pressure of any point multiply by the formation-parting pressure gradient for this well depth in the well.
(11) general drilling speed equation is the funtcional relationship of setting up on the basis of the independent variable that is independent of each other in these single factors such as the pressure of the drill index, rotating speed index, hydraulic parameters, drilling fluid density difference and formation macro that hypothesis influences drilling speed.
Because this model is mainly used in simulation training, therefore, computing time, computational accuracy and and accuracy when clashing, in principle based on guarantor's time, and undue complicated mathematical model has been carried out suitable simplification, but has guaranteed the accuracy of qualitative aspect.
The gas inflationary model of setting up comprises:
(1) gaseous state model
In the formula: the pressure under the Ps--standard state, kPa
Volume under the Vs--standard state, rice
3
Compressibility coefficient under the Zs--standard state
P--pressure, kPa
The V--gas volume, rice
3
Temperature under the Ts--standard state, ° K
The T--temperature, ° K
Z--is T in temperature, and pressure is the compressibility coefficient under the condition of P
As long as we have known certain pressure constantly, temperature and compressibility coefficient just can be in the hope of the gas volumes of this moment.
(2) pressure model that in annular space, produces of gas overflow weight
According to gas in annular space in the uphill process gas weight constant, try to achieve gas column with the equation of gas state and be in kill-job density constantly:
ρ
g＝ZsTsρ
sPx(ZxTxPs)
In the formula: ρ
s, Ps, Ts, Zs--represent the gas density under the standard state respectively, pressure, temperature and compressibility coefficient, Tx--gas rise to a certain moment gas column mid point formation temperature, ° K
Then the pressure that causes of gas column weight is:
P
w＝9.8ρ
gHx＝9.8PxZsTsρ
sHx(ZxTxPs)
With gas height gas volume Vx (rice
3) and cross-sectional area A a (rice
3) expression, then:
P
w＝9.8PxZsTsρ
sVx/(P
sZxTxAa)
By the equation of gas state as can be known:
PxVx/(ZxTx)＝P
bV
b/(Z
bT
b)＝R
R is a gas law constant, is constant to its value of specific gas, and bringing R into following formula has:
P
w＝9.8RZsTsρ
s/(PsAa)
Aa is the cross-sectional area of gas place annular space section in the formula, change; But for convenience of calculation, the average cross-section that the value of Aa can be taken as whole annular space is long-pending, and then the pressure that causes of gas weight is a constant.Because of the value of this pressure was exactly very little originally, simplifies the error that causes after handling like this and can disregard.
(3) rock gas compression model
Quote Kenneth, the formula that R.Hall proposes gets following computing formula and asks the Zx value after simplifying:
In the formula: W=0.27P
r/ (ZxT
r)
Reduced pressure P
r=P
X/ (49.9-3.7 ρ
g)
Reduced temperature T
r=T
X/ (93+176 ρ
g)
Following formula is a transcendental function, approaches with approximate value and finds the solution.
Gas expansion simulation control program is undertaken by widely used ICP/IP protocol with communicating by letter of Graphics Processing Unit.Gas expansion simulation control program is sent to Graphics Processing Unit with the data relevant with figure that obtain by data processing, and these data comprise: the gentle column length of signal of spillway discharge, the exercises of control figure etc.So just can issue Graphics Processing Unit to control signals such as the state of exercises in the drilling technology flow process and situ of drilling well various device, locus and data accurately, make figure can reflect front-end operations person's exercises rapidly, exactly.The data layout that gas expansion simulation control program is communicated by letter with Graphics Processing Unit is as follows:
(1) gas expands and simulates initialization and the work data form that control program sends to Graphics Processing Unit
{
struct
{
Unsigned short state; // 0: expression primary data, 1: the expression work data
Unsigned short d1; // expression action command
Float d2; // expression suspension ring lower plane is represented object speed (unit: m/s can just can bear) up and down from the rig floor level under job state under original state
Float d3; // under original state, represent well depth, rotational speed (unit: r/min can just can bear) is driven on the expression top under job state
Unsigned short d4; // expression downhole tool quantity under original state (unit: root), the front/rear angle of inclination of expression suspension ring under job state (unit: degree, can just can bear)
Unsigned short d5; // under original state, hang drilling rod quantity (note: if d5 has value, then the value of d4 is nonsensical) under the expression hook, the expression suspension ring anglec of rotation under job state (unit: degree, can just can bear)
Unsigned short d6; // expression vertical rod box drilling rod quantity (unit: post) under original state
Unsigned short d7; // very quantity (unit: root) is bored in the expression down-hole under original state
Unsigned short d8; // expression vertical rod box bores very quantity (unit: post) under original state
Unsigned short d9; // whether this operation of expression is kill operation under original state
Unsigned short d10; // under original state, whether there are 3 to salvage line on the expression drilling rod
}data；
struct
{
Float js; // well depth
Float gaslength1; // overflow gas length
Float gasheight1; // overflow gas bottom is apart from the shaft bottom height
Float gaslength2; // useless in existing operation, keep
Float gasheight2; // useless in existing operation, keep
Float hkkillmudlength; Kill mud length in the // annular space
Float hkkillmudheight; Kill mud is apart from the shaft bottom height in the // annular space
Float hkovermudlength; Heavy mud length in the // annular space
Float hkovermudheight; Heavy mud is apart from the shaft bottom height in the // annular space
Float zzkillmudlength; Kill mud length in the // drill string
Float zzkillmudheight; Kill mud is apart from the well head height in the // drill string
Float zzovermudlength; Heavy mud length in the // drill string
Float zzovermudheight; Heavy mud is apart from the well head height in the // drill string
Unsigned short JingKongFlag; // whether this operation of expression is kill operation under original state
Undigned short fireflag; // igniting sign
}jk；
}；
(2) Graphics Processing Unit sends to the data layout of gas expansion simulation control program
union?JSRevTUData
{
struct
{
Float d1; // hook height
Float d2; // hook speed
Unsigned short d3; // each action mark of completing
Unsigned short d4; // half envelope state, 0 expression is closed, 1 expression intermediateness, 2 expressions are opened
Unsigned short d5; // seal state entirely, 0 expression is closed, 1 expression intermediateness, 2 expressions are opened
Unsigned short d6; // annularity, 0 expression is closed, 1 expression intermediateness, 2 expressions are opened
Unsigned short d7; Whether // mouse hole has bar, the no bar of 0 expression, and 1 expression has bar
Unsigned short d8; // suspension ring hanging object whether under the rig floor plane, 0 be illustrated in below, 1 be illustrated in above
}data；
}；
Because system scale is bigger, design is complicated, and the design of graphics drawing program is based on OO.More in view of the object that relates in gas expansion for drilling simulator simulation, and each object has different characteristics aspect different, therefore before design, should determine the criterion of design class.For the purpose of the present invention, what be concerned about here is how to represent gas expansion simulated technological process with object, so the design of class should need be carried out around the animated function of object, and involved Graphics Processing Unit comprises graphics drawing program and scene simulation control program.
Wherein, graphics drawing program mainly comprises equipment class graphic plotting, particle class graphic plotting, administrative class graphic plotting and technology animate, and scene simulation control program mainly comprises scene initialization, the control of technology animation, collision is handled and special efficacy is played up.The design of class comprises:
(1) equipment class
The gas object that relates to animation in the simulation that expands has some identical characteristics, and for example each object all has characteristics such as scene coordinate, the anglec of rotation, just comes out to be integrated into class Device with the same alike result in each class and method are abstract.Class Device is a parent, and it provides some public attributes and method to subclass.With regard to attribute, in the attribute of class Device except scene coordinate, the anglec of rotation, ascending velocity, also attributes such as ID, Device.preObject, Device.subObject should be arranged.Wherein ID is used for indicating object type, because the object type that relates to of animation is more among the present invention, utilizes the type that ID can easy-to-look-up object.And attribute Device.preObject, Device.subObject can offer convenience for the front and back object of searching object.Actions such as in addition, class Device also should have public method, and the object in the drilling well all has rotation, move, so moving method MoveDevice () and spinning solution RotateDevice () must be arranged in the method.In view of all objects all will show on computers with three-dimensional picture, therefore the method for drafting of object also should be arranged, i.e. Draw ().
(2) particle class
Gas expands, and simulation microcosmic things has diversity in the simulation, has therefore designed the particle class, in system design particIe system abstract be a class, called after Particle.Identical Particle with Device is for finishing parent designed in the particle simulation function.The attribute of parent Particle has particle respectively in position on the XYZ coordinate axle and the positional increment on the coordinate axis, also has the particle life state.And the subclass of Particle has Fire class, Gas class and Blowout class.The Fire class is mainly used in the simulation of flame combustion effect; The Gas class is mainly used in when getting into gas-bearing formation in the normal drilling process, the simulation that gas overflows; The Blowout class is mainly used in when blowout takes place, the effect simulation that well head mud is gushed.
(3) Shader administrative class
The use of Shader is by calling the function among the OpenGL API, and this function can directly drive with OpenGL by the application of Shader and be connected, and it is indispensable data structure of the painted fragment of OpenGL of storage.These data structures are called as colored object (Shader Object).After a colored object created, application program offered colored object to painted code by calling glShaderSourceARB.In order effectively to use and to manage the Shader that writes, in design process specialized designs the GLShader class.This class is mainly used to set the Shader object, reads in the Vertex file and the Fragment file that write, reads in parameter type and parameter value, reads in texture information, and Shader uses and deletion etc.The design of GLShader class can make the use of Shader more effective, has improved dirigibility and reusability that Shader uses.
The vision emulation system control program is mainly finished following work:
(1) scene initialization
Before a new operation began, Graphics Processing Unit was receiving the gas initialization current scene behind the job instruction that the simulation control program sends that expands, for example: current quantity, state and the position of each functional unit on the drilling platform.
(2) technology animation control
To handle with gas simulation control program parameter and the data that obtain that intercom mutually that expand, embody the kinematic parameter of various control system on the rig floor, concrete action, view selection (comprising upward angle of visibility, visual angle, down-hole, preventer visual angle, the demonstration of many views etc.) etc.
(3) collision is handled
Be that the situation that does not allow " through walls and cross " takes place in the motion simulation process of three-dimensional picture, therefore will do the processing of collision detection moving object.In order to follow the sense of reality of model sport, vision simulation of the present invention also comprises the detection and the processing section of collision certainly.
(4) special efficacy is played up
Realization uses GLSL to realize the lighting effect of movie-level to the gush simulation of effect of flame, bubble, liquid, can distinguish illumination mode such as simulate day, night, searchlight, has improved the graphical effect and the sense of reality widely.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the analogy method that gas expansion for drilling simulator is provided, promptly with reference to the actual scene at drilling operation scene, produce the process that expands when gas overflow in the drilling process is risen and carry out realistic simulation in annular space, strengthen the presence of teaching, training, shortening training cycle, enhancement training effect, the training cost that reduces.
Description of drawings
The composition structural drawing of Fig. 1 drilling simulator
Fig. 2 gas expansion for drilling simulator simulation control program composition frame chart
Fig. 3 gas expansion for drilling simulator simulation control program process flow diagram
Fig. 4 gas expansion for drilling simulator simulation control program block diagram of communicating by letter with front-end equipment
Fig. 5 normally creeps into and the closing well operational flowchart
Fig. 6 pulls out of hole and the closing well operational flowchart
Fig. 7 plays drill collar and closing well operational flowchart
Fig. 8 empty well and closing well operational flowchart
The composition frame chart of Fig. 9 Graphics Processing Unit
The structure of Figure 10 equipment class and part subclass thereof
The structure of Figure 11 particle class and part subclass thereof
The implementation of Figure 12 Shader in OPENGL
Call relation between Figure 13 equipment class, particle class and the Shader administrative class
Embodiment
The technical scheme that the invention is further illustrated by the following examples the invention is not restricted to described embodiment.
In order to implement technical solutions according to the invention, made up a drilling simulation system, as Fig. 1, it comprises main control computer, the graphics process computing machine, front-end equipment and projector equipment, main control computer and graphics process computing machine are interconnected by TCP/IP, front-end equipment and main control computer are interconnected by Siemens PPI agreement, the graphics process computing machine connects projector equipment, operation gas expands and simulates control program on the main control computer, graphics process computer run Graphics Processing Unit, front-end equipment comprises throttle manifold, high pressure pipe joint, the preventer control desk, the flow plug control desk, remote console and driller's control cabinet, projector equipment comprise two projector and a large scale screen.
As Fig. 2 is the composition diagram of gas expansion simulation control program, gas expansion simulation control program comprises the gentle measure expansion analog module of the communication module of communicating by letter with front end hardware equipment and Graphics Processing Unit, with the front end hardware devices communicating be in order to obtain in real time the hardware device state, in the simulation of expanding at gas, just need to obtain spillway discharge, gas volume, parameters such as the gentle column length of temperature, pass through relevant mathematical model then in inside, the analog gas expansion process, gas expansion simulation comprises normally creeping into closing well simulates, pull out of hole and the closing well simulation, play the simulation of drill collar and closing well simulation and empty well and closing well.And then by ICP/IP protocol to the Graphics Processing Unit transmitting control commands, the drive pattern processing unit produces and the synchronous animation process of hardware device operation; And give front end hardware with signal feedback, make the demonstration of front end instrument parameter meet field condition.
As Fig. 3, method for simulating gas expansion for drilling simulator, gas expand and simulate control program, realize gas expansion simulation according to following steps:
(1) reads front-end equipment state parameter and operational order;
(2) according to the equipment status parameter that obtains and operational order classification and the gas inflationary model set up in advance, calculate the data that realize gas expansion simulation animation;
(3) according to data layout of setting and the special Graphics Processing Unit communication that is provided with, exchanging operation data, Graphics Processing Unit finish in view of the above that gas expansion animation represents in the drilling process preface;
(4) according to data layout and the Graphics Processing Unit communication set, exchange animated state information;
(5) repeat (1)～(4).
Because front-end equipment adopts PLC to control and handle, so the present invention adopts general OPC technology to realize communication process.
In the drilling simulation system, the S7-200 OPC Server that opc server uses Siemens Company to provide.And the mapping relations of the PLC hardware system storage unit of in the PC Access software that Siemens Company provides, setting up opc server and needing to visit.
In expanding the simulation control program, gas realizes the OPC client functionality.Utilize the IOCOMP assembly of supporting C++Builder can easily set up the communication process of client and server.
As Fig. 4 is the gas simulation control program block diagram of communicating by letter with front-end equipment that expands.This communication block diagram comprises: the OPC client computer, and opc server and PLC system, wherein the OPC client computer is connected with opc server by the OPC interface, and opc server is connected with the PLC system by the PPI cable.
The operational order classification mainly comprises normally creeps into and closing well instruction, trip-out and closing well instruction, a drill collar and closing well instruction and empty well and closing well instruction.
As Fig. 5 is normally to creep into and the closing well operational flowchart, its workflow roughly can be described as: begin this subjob, normally creep into, judge whether to occur overflow, if overflow not occurring then normally creeps into, if overflow occurs, open throttle manifold, close annular preventer, first envelope preventer, annular preventer, throttling valve, J2A flat valve, well logging finishes this subjob then.
As Fig. 6 is to pull out of hole and the closing well operational flowchart, and its workflow roughly can be described as: begin this subjob, unload square kelly, play vertical rod, judge whether overflow, then do not returned vertical rod, connect the drilling tool preventer if the discovery overflow is then robbed if find overflow, closing well, well logging finishes this subjob at last.
As Fig. 7 has been drill collar and closing well operational flowchart, and its workflow roughly can be described as: begin this subjob, play drill collar, judge whether overflow, then do not returned drill collar, take over control the spray single pole if the discovery overflow is then robbed if find overflow, closing well, well logging finishes this subjob at last.
As Fig. 8 is empty well and closing well operational flowchart, and its workflow roughly can be described as: begin this subjob, play finishing drilling quickly, judge whether spillway discharge is big, if spillway discharge greatly then closing well, well logging finishes this subjob at last; Rob if spillway discharge is little and to take over control the spray single pole, closing well, well logging finishes this subjob at last.
Gas of the present invention expands to simulate and must be based upon on the strict mathematics model basis, so just can make the situation at the realistic scene of various parameters of gas expansion simulation, just can reach good result of training.
Pressure model that gas inflationary model bag gaseous state model of the present invention, gas overflow weight produce in annular space and rock gas compression model.The equipment status parameter that model uses comprises the compressibility coefficient Zs that draws together under the standard state, temperature T s, the cross-sectional area A under the standard state
a, the pressure P s under the gas law constant R, standard state, volume Vs, gas law constant R under the standard state, the gas density ρ under the standard state
s, the compressibility coefficient Zs under the standard state and the temperature T s dynamic parameter under the standard state comprise: pressure P, gas volume V, temperature T, gas volume Vx, drill bit total footage F, well depth H, stratum effective pressure P
P, shaft bottom effective pressure P
b, discharge capacity Q, bore that gaseous tension Px, gas that rotational speed N, rate of penetration V, gas rise to a certain moment gas column mid point rise to a certain moment gas column mid point formation temperature Tx and be T in temperature, pressure is the compressibility coefficient Z under the condition of P.
As Fig. 9 is the composition frame chart of Graphics Processing Unit, and it comprises full three-dimensional entity model storehouse, graphics drawing program and a scene simulation control program.
Set up a perfect model, be that the drilling simulation system sense of reality embodies of paramount importance element, the implementation procedure of virtual environment was divided into for three steps substantially in the drilling simulation system: the first step is a Geometric Modeling, mainly comprises the three-dimensional profile that constitutes object with polygon or triangle; Second step was a physical modeling, comprised that mainly the result to Geometric Modeling carries out processing such as texture, color, illumination; The 3rd step was specific procedure control, mainly by the object of which movement simulation under the method realization virtual environment of motion modeling.First two steps are building processs of virtual scene, and the 3rd step then was a motion modeling.
Geometric Modeling is one of the most basic in the development of virtual reality system, most important work.Geometric model in the virtual environment is the expression of geometric data of bodies, relates to the data structure of representing geological information, relevant structure and the algorithm of handling this data structure.Each object in the virtual environment comprises shape and two aspects of outward appearance.The shape of object is determined that by each polygon, triangle and the summit of constructed object the outward appearance of object is then decided by superficial makings, color, illumination coefficient etc.Therefore, the model file that is used for storing virtual environment geometric model should be able to provide above information, also will satisfy three common counters of virtual modeling technique simultaneously: mutual display capabilities, interactive maneuvering capability, the ability that is easy to construct are to the requirement of virtual objects model.
Geometrical Modeling Technology is divided into voxel and two aspects of structure.Voxel is used for the atomic unit of constructed object, voxel choose the object range that has determined that modeling can be constructed.Structure is with deciding voxel how to form new object.
Physical modeling refers to the modeling of features such as the quality, weight, inertia, superficial makings, hardness, deformation pattern of virtual objects, and these features merge mutually with Geometric Modeling and law of honor, form a virtual environment that has more the sense of reality.Physical modeling be in the virtual reality system than the modeling of higher level, it needs physics to cooperate with computer graphics, relates to the feedback problem of power, mainly is the embodiment of thingness such as weight modeling, surface deformation and soft durometer.
In virtual environment, the characteristic of object also relates to position change, collides, catches, convergent-divergent and surface deformation etc., and only setting up static three solids is not enough to virtual reality system.
Object's position comprises the moving of object, rotation and convergent-divergent.In virtual reality system, not only to relate to absolute coordinate system, also to relate to the relative coordinate system of each object.Collision detection is the important technology of VR technology, and it often uses in motion modeling, and for example in the virtual environment, the people can not be through walls and mistake.The collision detection technology is a kind of recognition technology of colliding between object and the object in the virtual environment.In order to save system overhead, the present invention adopts the square boundary detection method.
Set up the model of all devices in the present embodiment with D modeling tool 3ds max, the model that 3ds max is drawn imports among the real-time 3D environment virtual reality Virtools of software for editing, all characteristics according to model among the physical characteristics configuration Virtools of equipment, use the motion and the demonstration of Virtools controlling models, under original state, can realize the roaming of whole audience scape, build the Cave environment and realize full three-dimensional artificial.
The design of graphics drawing program is OO, and the object that the present invention relates to during gas is expanded is divided three classes: equipment class figure, particle class and shader administrative class.
The object that relates to animation in the system has some identical characteristics, and for example each object all has characteristics such as scene coordinate, the anglec of rotation, so just can come out to be integrated into class Device with the same alike result in each class and method are abstract.Class Device is a parent, and it provides some public attributes and method to subclass.With regard to attribute, in the attribute of class Device except scene coordinate, the anglec of rotation, ascending velocity, also attributes such as ID, Device.preObject, Device.subObject should be arranged.Wherein ID is used for indicating object type, because the object type that animation relates in the Graphics Processing Unit among the present invention is more, utilizes the type that ID can easy-to-look-up object.And attribute Device.preObject, Device.subObject can offer convenience for the front and back object of searching object.Actions such as in addition, class Device also should have public method, and the object in the trip-out all has rotation, move, so moving method MoveDevice () and spinning solution RotateDevice () must be arranged in the method.In view of all objects all will show on computers with three-dimensional picture, therefore the method for drafting of object also should be arranged, i.e. Draw ().According to analysis, deriving from what get off from parent is subclasses such as hook, hydraulic tongs, and they have not only inherited the publicly-owned attribute and the method for parent, also have attribute and the method for oneself.For example hook just has this method of SetState () so that the current state of hook to be set.
Figure 10 is equipment class and the part subclass thereof that relates in the gas expansion for drilling simulator simulation process.
Because the diversity of system simulation microcosmic things, the use of particIe system also has higher reusability in total system, has therefore designed the particle class.
Figure 11 has showed particle class and subclass thereof.In system design particIe system abstract be a class, called after Particle.Identical Particle with Device is for finishing parent designed in the particle simulation function.The attribute of parent Particle has particle respectively in position on the XYZ coordinate axle and the positional increment on the coordinate axis, also has the particle life state.And the subclass of Particle has Fire class, Gas class and Blowout class.The Fire class is mainly used in the simulation of flame combustion effect; The Gas class is mainly used in when getting into gas-bearing formation in the normal drilling process, the simulation that gas overflows; The Blowout class is mainly used in when blowout takes place, the effect simulation that well head mud is gushed.These subclasses also have the attribute of oneself respectively, for example: particle size, size increment, color component R/G/B etc.
The method of Particle class mainly is Init (), Draw (), is used for initialization and drafting to particle, and has introduced the polymorphism notion of inheriting in the structure in the subclass.Because the mathematical model difference that Fire, Gas, Blowout particIe system adopt, so method for drafting separately all is not quite similar, each subclass all has init state and the method for drafting of oneself.Except total Init (), Draw () method, each subclass has the private method of oneself, and for example: the Fire class just has methods such as the wake flame of calculating, vector calculation.
OpenGL is the present cross-platform engine of three-dimensional picture the most widely, and its excellent in performance on photo realism graphic is made makes it to become the graphics standard of all major companies, so OpenGL becomes the three-dimensional picture industrial standard of a new generation.
Figure 12 has illustrated the implementation of Shader in OpenGL, and the use of Shader is by calling the function among the OpenGLAPI.OpenGL provides a new function glCreateShaderObjectARB, and this function can directly be connected with the OpenGL driving by the application of Shader, and it is indispensable data structure of the painted fragment of OpenGL of storage.These data structures are called as colored object (Shader Object).After a colored object created, application program offered colored object to painted code by calling glShaderSourceARB.
In order effectively to use and to manage the Shader that writes, in design process specialized designs the GLShader class.This class is mainly used to set the Shader object, reads in the Vertex file and the Fragment file that write, reads in parameter type and parameter value, reads in texture information, and Shader uses and deletion etc.The design of GLShader class can make the use of Shader more effective, has improved dirigibility and reusability that Shader uses.
Because parent Device and all attribute and the methods of Particle all are publicly-owned, so subclass can be called all methods of parent.More in view of subclass, only provide the call relation between parent here, as shown in figure 13.Object Oriented method is very flexible, and system can add new class, attribute and method as required easily, is very favorable to the expansion of program.
Scene simulation control program mainly is responsible for the measure expansion simulation control program communication with institute, obtain the instruction and data of real-time animation, graphics drawing program is sent the drafting that job instruction is finished real-time animation, owing to being that the situation that does not allow " the through walls mistake " takes place in the motion simulation process of three-dimensional picture, so scene simulation control program will be done collision detection and processing to moving object, in order to improve the graphical effect and the sense of reality, adopt render effects, simulating flame, bubble, the liquid effect of gushing, also use GLSL to realize the lighting effect of movie-level, can distinguish illumination mode such as simulate day, night, searchlight.
After operation begins, sending instruction by gas expansion simulation control program allows the visual angle fix, also can send instruction and allow figure be divided into three parts to carry out split screen and show by the gas simulation control program that expands, gas expands and simulates various instructions and the parameter information that the control program reception is sent from front-end operations person, and parallel data is handled.The data relevant with figure that obtain after with data processing by ICP/IP protocol are sent to Graphics Processing Unit then, these data comprise: the gentle column length of signal of spillway discharge, the exercises of control figure etc., after Graphics Processing Unit obtains data, make concrete reflection, embody the kinematic parameter of various control system on the rig floor, concrete action, view selection (comprising upward angle of visibility, visual angle, down-hole, preventer visual angle, the demonstration of many views etc.) etc., and some equipment status parameters and graphic plotting are finished mark feed back to gas and expand and simulate control program.
Graphics Processing Unit and the gas data layout of communicating by letter between the simulation control program that expands is as follows:
Gas expands and simulates initialization and the work data form that control program sends to Graphics Processing Unit:
union?JSSendTUData
{
unsigned?char?buff[100]；
struct
{
Unsigned short state; // 0: expression primary data, 1: the expression work data
Unsigned short d1; // expression action command
Float d2; // expression suspension ring lower plane is represented object speed (unit: m/s can just can bear) up and down from the rig floor level under job state under original state
Float d3; // under original state, represent well depth, rotational speed (unit: r/min can just can bear) is driven on the expression top under job state
Unsigned short d4; // expression downhole tool quantity under original state (unit: root), the front/rear angle of inclination of expression suspension ring under job state (unit: degree, can just can bear)
Unsigned short d5; // under original state, hang drilling rod quantity (note: if d5 has value, then the value of d4 is nonsensical) under the expression hook, the expression suspension ring anglec of rotation under job state (unit: degree, can just can bear)
Unsigned short d6; // expression vertical rod box drilling rod quantity (unit: post) under original state
Unsigned short d7; // very quantity (unit: root) is bored in the expression down-hole under original state
Unsigned short d8; // expression vertical rod box bores very quantity (unit: post) under original state
Unsigned short d9; // whether this operation of expression is kill operation under original state
Unsigned short d10; // under original state, whether there are 3 to salvage line on the expression drilling rod
}data；
struct
{
Float js; // well depth
Float gaslength1; // overflow gas length
Float gasheight1; // overflow gas bottom is apart from the shaft bottom height
Float gaslength2; // useless in existing operation, keep
Float gasheight2; // useless in existing operation, keep
Float hkkillmudlength; Kill mud length in the // annular space
Float hkkillmudheight; Kill mud is apart from the shaft bottom height in the // annular space
Float hkovermudlength; Heavy mud length in the // annular space
Float hkovermudheight; Heavy mud is apart from the shaft bottom height in the // annular space
Float zzkillmudlength; Kill mud length in the // drill string
Float zzkillmudheight; Kill mud is apart from the well head height in the // drill string
Float zzovermudlength; Heavy mud length in the // drill string
Float zzovermudheight; Heavy mud is apart from the well head height in the // drill string
Unsigned short JingKongFlag; // whether this operation of expression is kill operation under original state
Undigned short fireflag; // igniting sign
}jk；
}；
Graphics Processing Unit sends to the status information data form of gas expansion simulation control program
union?JSRevTUData
{
unsigned?char?buff[20]；
struct
{
Float d1; // hook height
Float d2; // hook speed
Unsigned short d3; // each action mark of completing
Unsigned short d4; // half envelope state, 0 expression is closed, 1 expression intermediateness, 2 expressions are opened
Unsigned short d5; // seal state entirely, 0 expression is closed, 1 expression intermediateness, 2 expressions are opened
Unsigned short d6; // annularity, 0 expression is closed, 1 expression intermediateness, 2 expressions are opened
Unsigned short d7; Whether // mouse hole has bar, the no bar of 0 expression, and 1 expression has bar
Unsigned short d8; // suspension ring hanging object whether under the rig floor plane, 0 be illustrated in below, 1 be illustrated in above
}data；
}；
So just control signals such as the state of exercises in the gas expansion flow process and situ of drilling well various device, locus and data are issued the figure processing unit accurately, make figure can reflect front-end operations person's exercises rapidly, exactly, finish the simulation that the real-time gas of full three-dimensional expands.
Claims (6)
1. method for simulating gas expansion for drilling simulator is characterized in that: specially at the expand control program of simulation of gas in the drilling process, realize in the drilling process gas simulation of expanding according to following steps:
(1) reads front-end equipment state parameter and operational order;
(2) according to the equipment status parameter that obtains and operational order classification and the gas inflationary model set up in advance, calculate the data that realize gas expansion simulation animation;
(3) according to data layout of setting and the special Graphics Processing Unit communication that is provided with, exchanging operation data, Graphics Processing Unit finish in view of the above that gas expansion animation represents in the drilling process preface;
(4) according to data layout and the Graphics Processing Unit communication set, exchange animated state information;
(5) repeat (1)～(4).
2. method for simulating gas expansion for drilling simulator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described equipment status parameter comprises original state parameter and dynamic parameter, wherein, the original state parameter comprises the compressibility coefficient Zs under the standard state, temperature T s, the cross-sectional area A under the standard state
a, the pressure P s under the gas law constant R, standard state, volume Vs, gas law constant R under the standard state, the gas density ρ under the standard state
S, the compressibility coefficient Zs under the standard state and the temperature T s under the standard state;
Dynamic parameter comprises: pressure P, gas volume V, temperature T, gas volume Vx, drill bit total footage F, well depth H, stratum effective pressure P
P, shaft bottom effective pressure P
b, discharge capacity Q, bore that gaseous tension Px, gas that rotational speed N, rate of penetration V, gas rise to a certain moment gas column mid point rise to a certain moment gas column mid point formation temperature Tx and be T in temperature, pressure is the compressibility coefficient Z under the condition of P.
3. method for simulating gas expansion for drilling simulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described operational order comprises and normally creeps into and closing well instruction, trip-out and closing well instruction, play drill collar and closing well instruction and empty well and closing well and instruct.
4. method for simulating gas expansion for drilling simulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described gas inflationary model comprises pressure model and the rock gas compression model that gaseous state model, gas overflow weight produce in annular space.
5. method for simulating gas expansion for drilling simulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described data layout comprises initialization data form, work data form and animated state information format.
6. method for simulating gas expansion for drilling simulator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Graphics Processing Unit comprises graphics drawing program and scene simulation control program, wherein, graphics drawing program comprises equipment class graphic plotting, particle class graphic plotting, administrative class graphic plotting and technology animate, and scene simulation control program comprises that the control of technology animation, collision are handled, special efficacy is played up and parameter shows.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104700680A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-06-10 | 西南石油大学 | Drilling simulation system based on non-sequencing operation pattern |
| CN104766526A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-07-08 | 中国石油技术开发公司 | LED ring screen projection display system of land rig installation operation simulation system |
| CN104766523A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-07-08 | 中国石油技术开发公司 | Method of simulating raising and falling of derrick and base of land drilling machine |
| CN104851351A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-08-19 | 中国石油技术开发公司 | Specification demonstrating method for land drilling machine mounting |
| CN115142836A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method, storage medium and equipment for monitoring formation gas yield |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5363922A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-11-15 | Al Megren Abdulaziz A | Device and method for installing a submerged water pump in an artesian well |
| CN201184861Y (en) * | 2007-11-24 | 2009-01-21 | 西南石油大学 | Test device for simulating erosion worn of gas drilling and boring tool |
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2009
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104700680A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-06-10 | 西南石油大学 | Drilling simulation system based on non-sequencing operation pattern |
| CN104700680B (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2017-07-28 | 西南石油大学 | Based on the drilling simulation system without ordering operation pattern |
| CN104766526A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-07-08 | 中国石油技术开发公司 | LED ring screen projection display system of land rig installation operation simulation system |
| CN104766523A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-07-08 | 中国石油技术开发公司 | Method of simulating raising and falling of derrick and base of land drilling machine |
| CN104851351A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-08-19 | 中国石油技术开发公司 | Specification demonstrating method for land drilling machine mounting |
| CN104851351B (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2017-12-26 | 中国石油技术开发公司 | A kind of specification demenstration method of land rig installation |
| CN104766523B (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2017-12-26 | 中国石油技术开发公司 | A kind of method for being used to simulate the raising lowering operation of land rig derrick and base |
| CN115142836A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method, storage medium and equipment for monitoring formation gas yield |
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| CN101710466B (en) | 2011-10-26 |
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