CN104771830B - 优化电场特征以增加电场在增殖细胞上的效果 - Google Patents

优化电场特征以增加电场在增殖细胞上的效果 Download PDF

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CN104771830B
CN104771830B CN201510091454.9A CN201510091454A CN104771830B CN 104771830 B CN104771830 B CN 104771830B CN 201510091454 A CN201510091454 A CN 201510091454A CN 104771830 B CN104771830 B CN 104771830B
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Y·帕尔蒂
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    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
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    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
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Abstract

本公开涉及优化电场特征以增加电场在增殖细胞上的效果。对于破坏迅速增殖的细胞例如癌症细胞，特定频率和场强的AC电场已经被表明是有效的。当电场在两个或者更多不同的方向之间顺序地转换的时候，这种电场的有效性被提高。通过选择电场在各种不同的方向之间转换的速率，这种电场的有效性甚至能被进一步提高。

Description

优化电场特征以增加电场在增殖细胞上的效果
本申请是申请日为2006年9月29日、国际申请号为PCT/IB2006/002713、国家申请号为200680043421.6、发明名称为“优化电场特征以增加电场在增殖细胞上的效果”的专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2005年10月3日提交的美国临时申请NO.60/723,560的利益，其通过引用的方式被合并在这里。
技术领域
本申请涉及优化电场特征以增加电场在增殖细胞上的效果。
背景技术
美国专利6,868,289和7,016,725(它们每一个通过参考引用的方式被合并在这里)，公开了用于使用AC电场(其场强范围在1～10V/cm，频率范围在50kHz和500kHz之间)处理肿瘤的方法和设备，并且当多于一个场方向被使用的时候(例如，当在彼此方向相差大约90°的两个或者三个方向之间转换场的时候)，这些场的效果增加。这些交变电场在这里被称为是肿瘤处理场(Tumor Treating Field)或者TT场。
发明内容
通过选择场在各种不同的方向之间转换的速率，TT场在阻止快速增殖的活性细胞(例如癌症细胞)增殖和破坏该活性细胞方面的效果能被加强。
附图说明
图1是交替地施加TT场到目标区域的两对绝缘电极的示意图。
图2表示是适合用于接通和断开被施加在电极之间的场的波形的例子。
图3描述的是用在两个方向之间以不同的转换速率转换的交变电场处理的胶质瘤(glioma)细胞培养物的增长率的变化。
图4是对于在两个方向之间以不同的转换速率被转换的场，肿瘤体积对比时间的图表。
图5是用于产生不同方向的TT场的系统的框图。
图6阐释的是用于驱动电极的优选波形。
具体实施方式
因为电场像矢量一样求和，所以两个或者更多的不同方向的场不能被同时施加在一个给定的位置。相反，不同的场的方向必须通过这样的方式被顺序地施加：对于某个时间段t1在一个方向上施加第一个场，然后对于时间段t2在另一个方向上施加第二个场。在t2期间，第一个场是不激活的；而在t1期间，第二个场是不激活的。当这个循环一次又一次被重复的时候，结果是：方向一直改变的顺序场脉冲以循环的方式被施加。
发明人已经确定：TT场对于破坏组织培养物中的增殖细胞以及实验动物体内的恶性肿瘤的效果取决于被施加的场在不同的方向之间的转换速率。在一组实验中，TT场借助于两对绝缘电极11、12被施加于组织培养物或者实验动物，两对绝缘电极11、12交替地施加彼此垂直的TT场15、16，如在图1中所示。被施加的波形是100～200kHz交变场，其被调制为在从10ms到1000ms的范围内的半周期期间保持接通(On)和断开(Off)。
图2是适合调制被施加在电极之间的AC信号的波形的两个例子：第一个对A的50％工作周期的波形21、22，彼此在时间上位移使得当一个是接通的时候，另一个是断开的；而第二个对B的50％工作周期的波形23、24，其相似于第一组波形，但是以二倍的频率转换。注意：每一组波形由两个50％工作周期的方波组成，其彼此在相位上位移半个周期。
图3通过绘制胶质瘤细胞培养物(F98)的增长率中的变化描述了一组实验的结果，该胶质瘤细胞培养物用在两个方向之间以不同的转换速率转换的200kHz的交变电场波形处理。也对于仅仅在一个方向上连续地施加电场的情况获得实验数据。(注意：100％的控制基线是对于没有场被施加的时候的情况。)该数据表明，对于减少培养物中胶质瘤细胞的增殖，某些转换频率比起其它的更有效。当半周期持续时间是50ms(有一个相似的断开持续时间)波形的时候发现最好的效果。但是，在250ms～50ms的范围内，效果差别很小。在这个范围内，细胞增殖率被减少到当一个连续的场被施加或者是当一个1000ms半周期持续时间波形被使用的时候的增殖率的大约一半。
图4是一组实验中的肿瘤体积对比时间的图表，其表明了当场以不同的转换速率被施加在两个不同的方向中的时候，200kHz TT场对Vx2癌在体内增长的效果。在实验中，来自癌细胞株Vx2的肿瘤被接种在兔子体内的肾包膜下。像预期的一样，在控制的、未处理的兔群中，肿瘤的大小在随后的四周期间随着时间增大(曲线31)。当电场被施加在不同的方向上并且每1000ms转换方向的时候，增长率较慢(曲线32)；当场的方向每250ms(曲线33)或者每50ms(曲线34)被转换的时候，增长率更慢。因此，我们看出，与1000ms半周期比较起来，对于具有在50ms和250ms之间的半工作周期持续时间的波形，处理的效果明显更好。
基于以上的描述，下面的方法被推荐以用TTF场来处理肿瘤：处理应该用至少两个场方向来进行，以使得每一对电极在持续时间(其优选地在50ms和250ms之间)的接通时段(On period)被激活，其间插入相似的持续时间的断开时段(Off period)。TTF场基本交变频率(其对应于幅度调制系统中的载波频率)应该优选地在50～500kHz的范围之内，并且更优选地在100～200kHz的范围之内。场的强度优选地至少是1V/cm，并且更优选地在1～10V/cm之间。
图5是用于通过驱动位于目标周围的第一电极对11和第二电极对12在不同方向上产生TTF场的系统的框图。AC信号发生器41产生一个正弦波，优选地在100～200kHz之间；方波发生器43产生一个方波，其相似于图2中所示的波21。优选地，方波的输出在50ms和250ms之间为高而对于在每一个周期中的相等的时间量为低，尽管偏离于50％的工作周期也可以被使用。反向器44反向该方波，从而提供图2所示的第二种波22。当它们的控制输入在一种状态下的时候，放大器42放大正弦波；当它们的控制输入在另一种状态下的时候，放大器42断开。因为两个放大器的控制输入是非同相的，所以放大器将会交替地驱动第一电极对11或者第二电极对12以在目标区域产生第一电场15或者第二电场16。当然，本领域的技术人员将会意识到：很多各种其他电路可能被用来交替地驱动第一或者第二对电极。例如，一个合适的转换电路可能被提供以把单个的放大器的输出以交替的方式路由到第一或者第二对电极，该转换被单个方波控制。
就像在专利6,868,289中所解释的一样，对于体内应用来讲，绝缘电极是优选的。可优选地，应该小心以避免由于电容电流和绝缘电极中的介电损耗使组织过热。在转换处理的过程中，避免尖峰信号(spike)的产生也是优选的。例如，通过当AC信号被切断时进行转换本身，并且之后立即接通信号，可以做到这一点。场接通t3和场切断t4的速率应该优选地以一个速率被操作，这个速率相对于场的频率的倒数(例如时段t5)慢，而相对于半周期持续时间t1、t2快，就像对于波形61在图6中所看到的一样。适合的接通速率t3和切断速率t4的一个例子是在大约1～5ms之内达到稳定状态值的90％。用于实现这个慢接通的电路可以通过使用各种方法被实现，这些方法对于本领域的技术人员来说是清楚的，例如使用慢升控制信号以驱动精确的AM调制器，或者通过用方波驱动放大器的增益控制和插入一个低通滤波器与增益控制输入串联。
尽管本发明的例子在F98胶质瘤和Vx2癌的背景下被描述，通过做实验以确定最好的转换速率，并且随后使用该转换速率处理未来情形中的问题，转换速率也可能被优化用于其他癌症或者其他快速增殖细胞。

Claims (13)

1.一种施加治疗电场到病人的目标区域的设备，该设备包括：
第一对绝缘电极，每一个电极具有导体和表面，该表面被配置成靠着病人的身体放置并与导体绝缘；
第二对绝缘电极，每一个电极具有导体和表面，该表面被配置成靠着病人身体放置并与导体绝缘；
控制信号发生器，其产生具有第一和第二输出状态的周期性控制信号，其中第一输出状态的持续时间是20和500ms之间，第二输出状态的持续时间是20和500ms之间；
AC信号发生器，其在控制信号处于第一输出状态时在第一对绝缘电极的导体之间产生具有50和500kHz之间频率的第一AC信号，并且在控制信号处于第二输出状态时在第二对绝缘电极的导体之间产生具有50和500kHz之间频率的第二AC信号，其中通过第一和第二输出状态之间的切换，而在第一对绝缘电极的导体之间产生第一AC信号和第二对绝缘电极的导体之间产生第二AC信号之间进行切换。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中第一输出状态的持续时间是50和250ms之间，并且第二输出状态的持续时间是50和250ms之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中第一和第二AC信号的频率在100和200kHz之间。
4.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中AC信号发生器包括单一信号源和开关，该开关分配单一信号源的输出到第一对绝缘电极或者第二对绝缘电极。
5.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中AC信号发生器包括可操作地连接到第一对绝缘电极的第一信号源和可操作地连接到第二对绝缘电极的第二信号源。
6.一种施加电场到目标区域的施加于组织培养物的方法，该方法包括下述步骤：
产生具有第一和第二输出状态的周期性控制信号，其中第一输出状态的持续时间在20和500ms之间，而第二输出状态的持续时间在20和500ms之间；
当控制信号在所述第一输出状态时在第一对绝缘电极之间产生具有50和500kHz之间频率的第一AC信号，以在目标区域中感应第一方向的至少具有1V/cm的场强的第一电场；和
当控制信号在第二输出状态时在第二对绝缘电极之间产生具有50和500kHz之间频率的第二AC信号，以在目标区域中感应第二方向的至少具有1V/cm的场强的第二电场；
其中通过第一和第二输出状态之间的切换，而在第一对绝缘电极之间产生第一AC信号和第二对绝缘电极之间产生第二AC信号之间进行切换。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中第一输出状态的持续时间是50和250ms之间，第二输出状态的持续时间是50和250ms之间。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中第一和第二AC信号具有在100和200kHz之间的频率。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述控制信号是方波信号。
10.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述AC信号由AC发生器的单一信号源产生，并且该单一信号源的输出通过开关被分配到第一对绝缘电极或者第二对绝缘电极。
11.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述第一AC信号和所述第二AC信号由可操作地连接到相应的第一对和第二对绝缘电极的AC信号发生器的第一和第二信号源产生。
12.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中第一方向基本上垂直于第二方向。
13.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中第一输出状态的持续时间大致等于第二输出状态的持续时间。
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