CN104768948B - 作为选择性parp-1抑制剂的4-甲酰氨基-异二氢吲哚酮衍生物 - Google Patents
作为选择性parp-1抑制剂的4-甲酰氨基-异二氢吲哚酮衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104768948B CN104768948B CN201380055668.XA CN201380055668A CN104768948B CN 104768948 B CN104768948 B CN 104768948B CN 201380055668 A CN201380055668 A CN 201380055668A CN 104768948 B CN104768948 B CN 104768948B
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- 201000002510 thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000472 traumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229940121358 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004704 ultra performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- JNAHVYVRKWKWKQ-CYBMUJFWSA-N veliparib Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC(C(N)=O)=C2NC=1[C@@]1(C)CCCN1 JNAHVYVRKWKWKQ-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011257 veliparib Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了取代的4‑甲酰氨基‑异二氢吲哚酮衍生物,其相对于聚(ADP‑核糖)聚合酶PARP‑2选择性抑制聚(ADP‑核糖)聚合酶PARP‑1的活性。本发明的化合物因此用于治疗疾病,例如癌症、心血管疾病、中枢神经系统损伤和不同形式的炎症。本发明还提供制备这些化合物的方法、包含这些化合物的药物组合物和使用包含这些化合物的药物组合物治疗疾病的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供新的取代的4-甲酰氨基-异二氢吲哚酮衍生物,经证实相对于其聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶-2(PARP-2)是有效和选择性的聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶-1(PARP-1)抑制剂,且由此用于治疗癌症、心血管疾病、神经系统损伤和炎症。本发明还提供制备这些化合物的方法、包含这些化合物的药物组合物和使用包含这些化合物的药物组合物治疗疾病的方法。
背景技术
聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶属于催化将ADP-核糖单元加入至DNA或不同受体蛋白的18成员家族,其影响如下多种细胞过程:复制,转录,分化,基因调节、蛋白质降解和纺锤体保持。PARP-1和PARP-2是PARPs中唯一由DNA损伤激活的且涉及DNA修复的酶。
PARP-1是由3个结构域组成的核蛋白质:含有两种锌指的N-末端DNA-结合结构域,自动修饰结构域,和C-末端催化结构域。PARP-1通过锌-指结构域结合至DNA断裂单链(SSB),裂解NAD+,和使多个ADP-核糖单元附着于靶蛋白,例如组蛋白类和多种DNA修复酶。这导致高度地带负电荷的靶,其又通过碱基切除修复途径导致损伤DNA的解链和修复。在人工破坏特定基因的小鼠模型中,PARP-1的缺失损害DNA修复,但是它不是胚胎致死的。而双敲除PARP-1和PARP-2小鼠死于胚胎发育早期,其暗示两种酶显示不完全重叠的功能。增强的PARP-1表达和/或活性已被显示于不同肿瘤细胞系中,包括恶性淋巴瘤,肝细胞癌,子宫颈癌,结直肠癌,白血病。这可以允许肿瘤细胞抵抗基因毒性应激和增加它们对DNA-损伤剂的耐药性。因此,已经显示,通过小分子抑制PARP-1使肿瘤细胞对细胞毒性治疗(例如替莫唑胺、铂,拓扑异构酶抑制剂和辐射)敏感。显著窗口(window)似乎存在于PARP抑制剂实现治疗利益的能力和不期望的副作用之间。然而组合PARP抑制剂与DNA损伤剂的治疗用途不是新的,使用这些试剂作为单一治疗,特别是在同源的重组DNA修复中肿瘤遗传学背景缺乏的情况下,代表新的方法。BRCA-1或BRCA-2同源重组修复基因中杂合生殖细胞系突变的个体显示出生存时发展乳腺癌和其它癌的高风险。在突变载体中出现的肿瘤通常丧失野生类型等位基因,且不表达功能性BRCA-1和BRCA-2蛋白。
因此,这些两种蛋白的丧失导致在由同源重组引起的双链断裂的修复中的肿瘤-特异性功能障碍。已知的是,当PARP-1被抑制时,碱基切除修复减少,在正常的细胞周期期间产生的单链断裂持续。也已经明确的是,复制叉遭遇未修复断裂可以形成双链断裂,其通常由同源重组修复。与野生型细胞相比,在同源重组修复(例如BRCA-1和BRCA-2突变体)中缺乏的肿瘤细胞因此对PARP抑制高度敏感。这与合成致死性的概念一致,其中两种途径各自缺陷是无害的,但是其组合缺陷变为致死的:PARP抑制剂在具有特异性DNA修复缺陷的肿瘤患者中可以更有效,而所述抑制剂没有影响正常的杂合组织。除了表示大部分的遗传性的乳腺癌和卵巢癌的BRCA突变体,推定的患者群体还包括重要部分的偶发的癌,其在同源重组修复中具有缺陷,一种被称为“BRCAness”的现象。例如,甲基化BRCA-1或FANCF基因的启动子和扩增EMSY基因,其编码BRCA-2相互作用蛋白质。通过合理推断PARP和BRCA-1和BRCA-2的合成致死性,可能的是,在双链断裂修复中不多余的任何基因缺乏应对PARP抑制敏感。例如,在患有T-细胞前淋巴细胞白血病和B-细胞慢性淋巴细胞白血病和乳腺癌的患者中发现的ATM缺陷,以及在肉瘤、乳腺癌、卵巢癌和脑肿瘤中鉴定的CHK2生殖细胞系突变,在与PARP缺陷以及其它已知的HR途径蛋白(包括RAD51、DSS1、RAD54、RPA1、NBS1、ATR、CHK1、CHK2、FANCD2、FANCA、FANCC和pTEN)中的缺乏相组合的情况下,也显示出是合成致死的。在胰腺癌中已发现FANCC和FANCG突变。已经发现在卵巢癌、乳腺癌、子宫颈癌、肺癌中甲基化的FANCF启动子。BRCA-突变的癌可以对PARP抑制剂单一治疗敏感的第一临床证据来自于口服小分子PARP抑制剂奥拉帕利的I期试验。在富集的BRCA突变载体I期群体中,在19名具有BRCA突变和乳腺癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌患者中观察到有47%的目标响应率。目前已知,在II期临床试验中,其它PARP抑制剂、例如Rucaparib和Veliparib与单一活性剂的组合。早期迹象是这些治疗显示作为单一活性剂的低毒性。无论如何,在长期治疗计划表或组合方面,预期对PARP-1具有高选择性的化合物显示甚至毒性更低。
PARP-1也已经涉及血管发生。特别地,PARP-1抑制似乎导致减少转录缺氧-可诱导的因子1α肿瘤细胞适应于缺氧的重要调节子的蓄积。
促炎症性刺激触发导致产生过硝酸盐和羟基残基的促炎症性介质的释放,其反过来又产生DNA单链断裂以及随后的PARP-1的激活。PARP-1的过度激活消耗NAD+,且能量储存,最终导致细胞功能障碍和坏死。这种细胞自杀原理已经涉及如下病症的病理机理:中风,心肌局部缺血,糖尿病,糖尿病-相关的心血管功能障碍,休克,创伤性中枢神经系统损伤,关节炎,结肠炎,变应性脑脊髓炎和多种其它形式的炎症。特别感兴趣的是PARP-1增强核因子kB-介导的转录,其在炎症性细胞因子、趋化因子和炎症性介质的表达中发挥重要作用。
在发明人为Janssen Pharmaceutica的WO 2007/047646中描述了用于治疗激酶病症的取代的二氢-异吲哚酮类;Wender等人在US7,232,842中请求保护作为激酶抑制剂的异吲哚酮类似物。Gandhi等人的专利申请US 2008/0108659描述了作为聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶抑制剂的3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚类,还报道在如下文献中:Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,2010,20,1023-1026。发明人均为Nerviano Medical Sciences的WO 2011/006794和WO2011/006803描述了作为选择性PARP-1抑制剂的3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺类。
发明内容
本发明提供了新的4-甲酰氨基-异二氢吲哚酮衍生物,经证实其相对于PARP-2是有效和选择性的PARP-1抑制剂,并且因此适用于治疗癌症、心血管疾病、神经系统损伤和炎症。
本发明还提供制备这些化合物的方法、包含这些化合物的药物组合物和使用包含这些化合物的药物组合物治疗疾病的方法。
因此,本发明的第一个目的在于提供式(I)的化合物:
其中:
R是氢或氟;且
n、m、R1和R2具有如下含义:
a)n是0且m是0、1、2或3;
R1是3-至6-元环烷基或4-至6-元杂环基;且
R2是3-,5-或6-元环烷基、4-至6-元杂环基、芳基或杂芳基;
或
b)n是1且m是0;
R1是3-至6-元环烷基或芳基,它们各自任选地进一步被一个或多个直链或支链(C1-C6)-烷基取代;且
R2不存在、为3-至6-元环烷基、4-至6-元杂环基、芳基或杂芳基,它们各自任选地进一步被一个或多个直链或支链(C1-C6)-烷基取代;
或
c)n是2或3,且m是0;
R1是3-至6-元环烷基、4-至6-元杂环基、芳基或杂芳基,它们各自任选地进一步被一个或多个直链或支链(C1-C6)-烷基取代;且
R2不存在、为3-至6-元环烷基、4-至6-元杂环基、芳基或杂芳基,它们各自任选地进一步被一个或多个直链或支链(C1-C6)-烷基取代;
或
d)n和m各自独立地是1、2或3;
R1和R2各自独立地是3-至6-元环烷基、4-至6-元杂环基、芳基或杂芳基;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物相对于PARP-2是有效和选择性的PARP-1抑制剂,且因此用于癌症、心血管疾病、神经系统损伤和炎症疗法。
本发明还提供合成如上述所定义的式(I)的取代的4-甲酰氨基-异二氢吲哚酮衍生物的方法,通过由标准合成转化组成的过程来进行。
本发明还提供治疗由PARP-1蛋白介导的疾病的方法,包括对有此需要的哺乳动物、优选人施用有效量的如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物。
本发明的一种优选的方法是治疗由PARP-1蛋白介导的疾病,其选自癌症、心血管疾病、神经系统损伤和炎症。
本发明的另一种优选的方法是治疗具体类型的癌症,包括、但不限于:癌、例如膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、肾癌、肝癌、肺癌,包括小细胞肺癌、食管癌、胆囊癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、宫颈癌、甲状腺癌、前列腺癌和皮肤癌,包括鳞状细胞癌;淋巴系的造血系统癌(hematopoietic tumor),包括白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病、急性成淋巴细胞白血病、B-细胞淋巴瘤、T-细胞淋巴瘤、何杰金淋巴瘤、非何杰金淋巴瘤、毛细胞淋巴瘤和伯基特淋巴瘤;髓系的造血系统癌,包括急性和慢性髓性白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征和前髓细胞性白血病;间质起源的肿瘤,包括纤维肉瘤、尤因肉瘤和横纹肌肉瘤;中枢和周围神经系统肿瘤,包括星形细胞瘤、神经细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤和许旺细胞瘤;和其它肿瘤,包括黑素瘤、精原细胞瘤、畸胎瘤、骨肉瘤、着色性干皮病、角化黄瘤(keratoxanthoma)、甲状腺毛囊癌和卡波西肉瘤。
此外,本发明的方法还提供对肿瘤血管发生和转移的抑制。
另一个本发明优选的方法用于治疗特定类型的心血管疾病,所述疾病包括但不限于:心肌再灌注损伤、心肌病、糖尿病性心血管功能障碍。
另一个本发明优选的方法用于治疗特定类型的神经系统损伤,所述损伤包括但不限于中风、脑损伤和神经变性障碍。
另一个本发明优选的方法用于治疗特定类型的炎症疾病,所述疾病包括但不限于结肠炎、关节炎和葡萄膜炎。
本发明还提供用于选择性抑制PARP-1蛋白活性的体外方法,包括使所述蛋白接触有效量的如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物。
本发明进一步提供了包括如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物连同放射治疗或化疗方案同时、单独或连续用于抗癌治疗的治疗疾病的方法。
本发明也提供包含治疗有效量的如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和药学上可接受的赋形剂、载体或稀释剂的药物组合物。
除式(I)的化合物外,本发明的药物组合物还可以包含一种或多种化疗剂-例如细胞生长抑制剂或细胞毒类药、抗生素类药剂、烷化剂、抗代谢药剂、激素类药剂、免疫药剂、干扰素类药剂、环加氧酶抑制剂(例如COX-2抑制剂)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂、端粒末端转移酶抑制剂、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、抗生长因子受体药剂、抗HER药剂、抗EGFR药剂、抗血管发生药剂(例如血管发生抑制剂)、法尼基转移酶抑制剂、ras-raf信号转导途径抑制剂、细胞周期抑制剂、其它cdks抑制剂、微管蛋白结合药剂、拓扑异构酶I抑制剂、拓扑异构酶II抑制剂等。优选地,所述化疗剂是烷化剂。甚至更优选地,所述烷化剂是替莫唑胺。
此外,本发明提供包含如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和一种或多种化疗药物的产品,所述产品为组合制剂形式,所述如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和一种或多种化疗药物同时、单独或连续用于抗癌治疗。优选地,所述化疗剂是烷化剂。甚至更优选地,所述烷化剂是替莫唑胺。
此外,本发明提供如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,用作药剂,优选用作具有抗癌活性的药剂。
仍在另一个方面,本发明提供如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,用于治疗癌症的方法中。
最终,本发明提供如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备具有抗癌活性的药剂中的用途。
式(I)的化合物可以具有一个或多个不对称中心且因此可以作为各光学异构体或外消旋混合物或非对映异构体存在。因此,式(I)的化合物的所有可能的异构体及其混合物均属于本发明的范围。如上所述,式(I)的化合物的盐也属于本发明的范围。
除非另有指定,否则当涉及式(I)的化合物自身和任意其药物组合物或包含它们的任意治疗时,本发明包括本发明化合物的所有异构体、互变体、水合物、溶剂合物、N-氧化物和药学上可接受的盐。
如果在本发明的化合物中存在手性中心或异构中心的另一种形式,本文意欲包含该异构体的所有形式,包含对映异构体和非对映异构体。含有手性中心的化合物可用作外消旋混合物,富含对映体的混合物或外消旋混合物可通过众所周知的技术分离,可单独使用独立的对映体。在含有不饱和的碳-碳双键的化合物的实例中,顺式(Z)和反式(E)异构体均在本发明的范围中。
在其中化合物可以以互变异构体的形式,例如酮-烯醇互变异构体存在的情况下,考虑将各互变异构体的形式包括在本发明之内,无论其是否存在于平衡状态或主要以一种形式存在。
对于术语卤素原子,我们意指氟、氯、溴或碘原子。
对于术语“直链或支链(C1-C6)-烷基”,我们意指任何的例如甲基、乙基、正-丙基、异丙基、正-丁基、异丁基、叔-丁基、仲-丁基、正-戊基、正-己基等的基团。
对于术语“3-至6-元环烷基”,除非另有说明,我们意指3-至6-元全碳(all-carbon)单环,其可以含有一个或多个双键,但不含有完全共轭的π-电子系统。环烷基非限制性的实例是环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环戊烯基、环己基、环己烯基和环己二烯基。
对于术语“4-至6-元杂环基”,我们意指4-至6-元饱和的或部分不饱和的碳环,其中一个或多个碳原子被例如氮、氧或硫的杂原子替代;杂环基环可以任选地与芳族或非芳族碳环和杂环稠合或连接。杂环基的非限制性实例是,例如,吡喃基、吡咯烷基、吡咯啉基、咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、吡唑烷基、吡唑啉基、噻唑啉基、噻唑烷基、二氢呋喃基、四氢呋喃基、1,3-二氧杂环戊烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、吗啉基等。
术语"芳基"意指具有1至4个环系统的单-、二-或多-碳环烃,所述环系统任选地进一步相互稠合或通过单键连接,其中至少一个碳环是“芳族的”,其中术语“芳族的”意指完全共轭的π-电子键系统。该芳基的非限制性实例是苯基、α-或β-萘基或联苯基基团。
本文所用术语“杂芳基”意指芳族的杂环,典型地是具有1至3个选自N、O或S的杂原子的5-至8-元杂环;杂芳基环可以任选地进一步稠合或连接至芳族的和非芳族的碳环和杂环。该杂芳基的非限制性实例是,例如,吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吲哚基、咪唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、吡咯基、苯基-吡咯基、呋喃基、苯基-呋喃基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、吡唑基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、异二氢吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、吲唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、1,2,3-三唑基、1-苯基-1,2,3-三唑基、2,3-二氢吲哚基、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃基、2,3-二氢苯并噻吩基;苯并吡喃基、2,3-二氢苯并噁嗪基、2,3-二氢喹喔啉基等。
根据本发明,且除非另有提供,当任何上述基团可以任选地被取代时,在其任何空着的位置可以被一个或多个直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基取代。
术语式(I)化合物的“药学上可接受的盐”意指那些保留生物学有效性和母体化合物性质的盐,因此,式(I)的化合物的药学上可接受的盐包括与无机酸或有机酸形成的酸加成盐,所述无机酸或有机酸例如硝酸、盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、高氯酸、磷酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、丙酸、羟乙酸、(D)或(L)乳酸、草酸、抗坏血酸、富马酸、丙二酸、苹果酸、马来酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、羟乙磺酸、琥珀酸和水杨酸。
式(I)的化合物的药学上可接受的盐也包括与无机碱或有机碱形成的盐,所述碱例如碱金属或碱土金属,特别是钠、钾、钙、铵或镁的氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐,和无环或环状胺类,优选甲胺、乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、哌啶等。
在第一个优选的实施方案中,本发明提供如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物,其特征在于:
R是氢或氟;且
n、m、R1和R2具有如下含义:
a)n是0且m是0或1;
R1是6-元杂环基;且
R2是3-或6-元环烷基、6-元杂环基、芳基或杂芳基;
或
b)n是1且m是0;
R1是芳基,其任选地被一个或多个直链或支链(C1-C6)-烷基取代;且
R2不存在;
或
c)n是2或3,且m是0;
R1是6-元杂环基、芳基或杂芳基,它们各自任选地进一步被一个或多个直链或支(C1-C6)-烷基链取代;且
R2不存在、为6-元杂环基或芳基;
或
d)n是2或3,且m是1;
R1是6-元杂环基;且
R2是芳基;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一个更优选的实施方案中,本发明提供如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物,其特征在于:
R是氢或氟;且
n、m、R1和R2具有如下含义:
a)n是0且m是0或1;
R1是6-元杂环基;且
R2是3-或6-元环烷基、6-元杂环基、芳基或杂芳基;
或
c)n是2或3,且m是0;
R1是6-元杂环基、芳基或杂芳基,它们各自任选地进一步被一个或多个直链或支链(C1-C6)-烷基取代;且
R2不存在、为6-元杂环基或芳基;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
甚至更优选地,本发明提供如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物,其特征在于:
R是氢或氟;且
n、m、R1和R2具有如下含义:
a)n是0且m是0或1;
R1是6-元杂环基;且
R2是3-或6-元环烷基、6-元杂环基、芳基或杂芳基;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
最优选地,本发明提供如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物,其特征在于:
R是氢或氟;且
n、m、R1和R2具有如下含义:
a)n是0且m是0或1;
当m是0时,R1是哌啶环,且R2是环己基环;
当m是1时,R1是哌啶环,且R2是吡啶环;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明的特别优选的化合物(cpd)如下所列:
1. 2-苄基-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
2. 3-氧代-2-苯乙基-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
3. 2-[2-(3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基)-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
4. 3-氧代-2-(2-哌啶-1-基-乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
5. 2-(2-吗啉-4-基-乙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
6. 2-(3-吗啉-4-基-丙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
7. 2-[2-(3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-基)-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
8. 3-氧代-2-(1-吡啶-4-基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
9. 3-氧代-2-(1-噻吩-2-基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
10. 3-氧代-2-(1-吡啶-3-基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
11. 2-(1-环己基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
12. 2-(1-呋喃-2-基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
13. 3-氧代-2-(1-噻吩-3-基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
14. 2-(1-呋喃-3-基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
15. 3-氧代-2-(1-吡啶-2-基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
16. 3-氧代-2-[1-(1H-吡咯-2-基甲基)-哌啶-4-基]-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
17. 3-氧代-2-(3-苯基-丙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
18. 3-氧代-2-(2-吡啶-2-基-乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
19. 2-[3-(3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
20. 2-[3-(3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
21. 2-[3-(4-甲基-哌嗪-1-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
22. 3-氧代-2-[3-(4-苯基-哌嗪-1-基)-丙基]-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
23. 6-氟-2-(3-吗啉-4-基-丙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
24. 2-(1-环丙基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
25. 3-氧代-2-(3-哌啶-1-基-丙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
26. 2-(3-[1,4']联哌啶-1'-基-丙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
27. 2-[3-(2,6-二甲基-哌啶-1-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
28. 3-氧代-2-[1-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-哌啶-4-基]-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
29. 2-(1-环己基-哌啶-4-基)-6-氟-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
30. 2-(1-苄基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
31. 2-[2-(1-苄基-哌啶-4-基)-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
32. 2-[3-(4-苄基-哌啶-1-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
33. 2-[1-(4,4-二甲基-环己基)-哌啶-4-基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
34. 2-[1-(4,4-二甲基-环己基)-哌啶-4-基]-6-氟-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
35. 6-氟-3-氧代-2-(1-螺[2.5]辛-6-基-哌啶-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
36. 3-氧代-2-(1-螺[2.5]辛-6-基-哌啶-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明还提供制备如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物的方法。
因此,本发明的方法包含如下步骤顺序之一:
顺序A(当R是氟时,方案1):
步骤a)卤化4-氟-2-甲基-苯基胺(XI):
步骤b)使得到的式(X)的化合物氰基-脱-氨基化:
其中Hal是卤素,例如Cl、Br和I;
步骤c)水解得到的式(IX)的化合物:
其中Hal如上述所定义,和
步骤d)水解得到的式(VIII)的化合物:
其中Hal如上述所定义;
或
步骤e)卤化4-氟-2-甲基-苯甲酸(XII):
然后:
步骤f)酯化步骤d)或e)中得到的式(VII)的化合物,
其中Hal如上述所定义;
步骤g)使得到的式(VI)的化合物氰基-脱-卤化:
其中T是(C1-C6)-烷基或芳基-(C1-C6)-烷基,且Hal如上述所定义;
步骤h)通过与适合的式(XIII)的胺反应环化得到的式(V)的化合物:
其中T如上述所定义,所述适合的式(XIII)的胺为:
X-R1-[CH2]n-NH2(XIII)
其中R1和n如上述所定义,且X是R2-[CH2]m-,其中R2和m如上述所定义;或当R1是含氮杂环基时,X是适合的氮保护基;
步骤c’)水解得到的式(IV)的化合物:
其中R1、n和X如上述所定义,以便得到
如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物,此时X是R2-[CH2]m-,其中R2和m如上述所定义;或
式(III)的化合物,此时R1是含氮杂环基,且X是适合的氮保护基,
其中n如上述所定义,R1是含氮杂环基,且X是适合的氮保护基;
步骤i)使如上述所定义的式(III)的化合物脱保护,以便得到
如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物,或
式(II)的化合物:
其中R1和n如上述所定义;
步骤l)用式(XIV)的适合的烷化剂使得到的如上述所定义的式(II)的化合物烷基化,
R2-[CH2]m-1-Y(XIV)
其中Y是甲酰基,或当m=1时,是通过双键连接至R2的氧原子(=O),以便得到式(I)的化合物。
顺序B(当R是氢时,方案2):
步骤m)用式(XIII)的适合的胺对呋喃-2-甲醛(XV)进行还原氨基化:
所述式(XIII)的适合的胺为:
X-R1-[CH2]n-NH2(XIII)
其中R1和n如上述所定义,且X是R2-[CH2]m-,其中R2和m如上述所定义,或当R1是含氮杂环基时,X是适合的氮保护基;
步骤n)对得到的式(XVI)的化合物进行狄尔斯-阿德耳反应:
其中R1、n和X如上述所定义;
步骤o)使得到的式(XVII)的化合物芳化:
其中R1、n和X如上述所定义;
步骤p)使得到的式(XVIII)的化合物的酰胺化:
其中R1,n和X如上述所定义,以便得到
如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物,此时X是R2-[CH2]m-,其中R2和m如上述所定义;或
式(XX)的化合物,此时R1是含氮杂环基,且X是适合的氮保护基,
其中n如上述所定义,R1是含氮杂环基,且X是适合的氮保护基;
步骤i’)使如上述所定义的式(XX)的化合物脱保护;
步骤l’)用式(XIV)的适合的烷化剂使得到的式(XXI)的化合物烷基化:
其中R1和n如上述所定义,所述式(XIV)的适合的烷化剂为:
R2-[CH2]m-1-Y(XIV)
其中Y是甲酰基,或当m=1时,是通过双键连接至R2的氧原子(=O),以便得到如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物。
在步骤o过程的情况中,由式(XVII)的化合物芳构化得到的化合物是式(XIX)的化合物,即当X是不稳定的氮保护基时,进行如下步骤q:
步骤q)在得到的式(XIX)的化合物上安装适合的氮保护基:
其中R1和n如上述所定义,以便得到式(XVIII)的化合物,其中R1和n如上述所定义,且X是适合的氮保护基,然后进行反应p)、i’)和l’)的顺序,以便得到如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物。
如果必要或需要,上述方法包含通过已知化学反应将式(I)的化合物转化成不同的式(I)的化合物;和/或,如果期望,则将式(I)的化合物转化成其药学上可接受的盐或将盐转化成游离的式(I)的化合物。
能够将化合物转化成不同化合物这样的已知化学反应包含,例如还原氨基化(Cv1)。
所有上述方法均为可以根据众所周知的方法并且在本领域公知的适合的条件下进行的类似方法。
根据上述合成方法合成式(I)的化合物可以按照分步方式进行,由此分离每种中间体并且通过标准化纯化技术纯化,例如柱色谱法,然后进行随后的反应。或者,合成顺序的两个或多个步骤可以按照如本领域公知的所谓的“单罐”方法进行,由此仅分离和纯化从两个或多个步骤得到的化合物。
如下方案1-2显示如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物的制备。
方案1
顺序A
方案2
顺序B
根据步骤a),可以通过按照本领域中公知的各种方式和实验条件卤化4-氟-2-甲基-苯基胺(XI)得到式(X)的化合物。优选地,该反应在N-溴琥珀酰亚胺、N-碘琥珀酰亚胺、N-氯琥珀酰亚胺、溴、碘、氢溴酸/过氧化氢的存在下,在适合的溶剂例如乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二噁烷、二甲亚砜、乙酸或水中,在约室温至回流的温度下进行约1h-约96h的不同时间期限。
根据步骤b),可以通过按照本领域中公知的各种方式和实验条件的两步反应顺序由式(X)的化合物得到式(IX)的化合物。第一步优选在亚硝酸钠/盐酸或叔丁腈的存在下,在适合的溶剂例如四氢呋喃、二甲氧基乙烷、二甲亚砜、乙酸或水中,在约-20℃至室温的温度下进行10min-约24h的不同时间期限。第二步优选在氰化钠、氰化铜或氰化钾的存在下,通常在添加剂例如氯化铜或氯化钾的存在下,在适合的溶剂例如四氢呋喃、二甲氧基乙烷、二甲亚砜、乙酸、甲苯或水中,在约-20℃至回流的温度下进行10min-约96h的时间期限。
根据步骤c),式(IX)的化合物水解成式(VIII)的化合物,可以按照各种方式、根据将氰基转化成酰胺的常规方法进行。优选地,该反应在适合的溶剂例如甲醇、乙醇、丁醇、1,4-二噁烷、甲苯、水或其混合物中,在适合的酸或碱例如硫酸、甲磺酸、盐酸、三氟乙酸、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠或适合的试剂例如过氧化氢、过硼酸钠或或铟(III)盐的存在下,在乙醛肟的存在下进行。典型地,该反应在室温至回流的温度下进行约1h-约96h的不同时间。
根据步骤d),根据常规方法将式(VIII)的化合物转化成式(VII)的化合物。优选地,该反应如下进行:在水的存在下,通过用碱例如碳酸钾或碳酸钠、氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠处理,在适合的溶剂中,例如甲醇或乙醇,在室温至回流的温度下,反应进行约30min-约96h的时间。或者,该反应在亚硝酸钠/乙酸、硫酸、磷酸的存在下,在室温至回流的温度下进行约1h-约96h的不同时间。
根据步骤e),将4-氟-2-甲基-苯甲酸(XII)卤化成式(VII)的化合物按照各种方式、根据用于卤化反应的常规方法进行。优选地,该反应使用溴化叔丁基铵和/或碘在苯基碘(III)双(三氟乙酸盐)或苯基碘(III)二乙酸盐作为卤素源的存在下,在适合的溶剂例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二氯乙烷中,在室温至回流的温度下进行约1h-约48h的不同时间。催化剂通常是金属,最常见的是钯衍生物,例如氯化钯(II)或乙酸钯(II)。
根据步骤f),根据常规方法将式(VII)的化合物转化成式(VI)的化合物。优选地,该反应在盐水、硫酸或乙酸的存在下,通过将甲醇、乙醇、水或其混合物作为溶剂,在室温至回流的温度下进行约1h-约96h的不同时间。或者,该反应可以使用烷基碘、溴化物或甲苯磺酸盐在适合的碱例如碳酸钠或碳酸钾和氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂或氢氧化钾的存在下,在室温至回流的温度下进行约1h-约96h的不同时间。
根据步骤g),按照各种方式、根据用于氰化反应的常规方法将式(VI)的化合物转化成式(V)的化合物。优选地,该反应如下进行:在氰化亚铜(I)或六氰合铁酸钾(II)作为氰基源的存在下,在适合的溶剂中,例如甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、1,4-二噁烷、甲苯、二甲苯、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺或其混合物,在室温至回流的温度下,反应进行约1h-约96h的不同时间。如果需要催化剂,则它通常是金属,最常见的是钯衍生物,例如四(三苯膦)钯(0)、氯化钯(II)或乙酸钯(II),在适合的碱的存在下进行,例如碳酸钠、碳酸钾或碳酸铯和氟化铯。
根据步骤h),可以通过按照本领域中公知的各种方式和实验条件的两步反应顺序由式(V)的化合物在式(XIII)的化合物的存在下得到式(IV)的化合物。第一步优选在N-溴琥珀酰亚胺与自由基引发剂例如过氧化苯甲酰或偶氮二异丁腈的存在下,在适合的溶剂例如四氯化碳、氯仿、二氯甲烷或新戊酸甲酯中,在约室温至回流的温度下进行10min-约24h的不同时间期限。第二步可以在碱性或酸性条件下,例如在碳酸钠或碳酸钾、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、吡啶或乙酸、盐酸的存在下,在适合的溶剂例如四氢呋喃、二甲氧基乙烷、1,4-二噁烷或甲苯中,在室温至回流的温度下进行1h-约96h的不同时间期限。
根据步骤c’),式(IV)的化合物水解得到式(I)的化合物或式(III)的化合物可以按照各种方式和实验条件进行。优选地,按照与对步骤c)所报道的类似的方式进行。
根据步骤i),在式(III)的化合物中,当X是保护基例如叔丁氧基羰基、4-甲氧基苄基、2,4-二甲氧基苄基和三苯基甲基保护基时,可以通过下列步骤得到式(I)的化合物或式(II)的化合物:在酸性条件下除去这些保护基,优选地在无机酸或有机酸的存在下,例如盐酸、三氟乙酸或甲磺酸、三溴化硼或三氯化铝,在适合的溶剂中,例如二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、二噁烷或低级醇,例如甲醇或乙醇,在室温至回流的温度下进行。在式(III)的化合物中,当X是氮保护基例如苄氧基羰基等时,可以通过在还原条件下例如在氢和氢化催化剂的存在下在适合的溶剂例如甲醇、乙酸乙酯或其混合物中除去这些保护基得到式(I)的化合物或式(II)的化合物。催化剂通常是金属,最常见的是钯衍生物,例如披钯碳、氢氧化钯或钯黑。在式(III)的化合物中,当X是氮保护基例如甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、9-芴基甲氧基羰基等时,可以通过下列步骤得到式(I)的化合物或式(II)的化合物:在碱性条件下,例如碳酸钠、碳酸钾或碳酸铯、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或氢氧化钡、肼、哌啶、吗啉等,在适合的溶剂中,例如甲醇、乙醇、水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺等,在室温至回流的温度下,除去这些保护基。
根据步骤l),式(II)的化合物在式(XIV)的化合物的存在下进行还原烷基化,得到式(I)的化合物,该过程可以按照各种方式、根据用于进行还原氨基化的常规方法进行。优选地,该反应在适合的溶剂例如甲醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、苯、甲苯或其混合物中,在适合的还原剂例如硼氢化钠、硼氢化四烷基铵、氰基硼氢化钠、三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠、三乙酰氧基硼氢化四甲基铵的存在下,在酸或碱催化剂例如乙酸、三氟乙酸、氯化锌、溴化锌、氯化锡(IV)、氯化钛(IV)、三氟化硼或三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺或吡啶的存在下,在约0℃至回流的温度下进行约1h-约96h的不同时间。
根据步骤m),通过在式(XIII)的化合物的存在下的还原氨基化可以由呋喃-2-甲醛(XV)得到式(XVI)的化合物。优选地,该反应在适合的溶剂例如甲醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、苯、甲苯或其混合物中,在适合的还原剂例如硼氢化钠、硼氢化四烷基铵、氰基硼氢化钠、三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠或三乙酰氧基硼氢化四甲基铵的存在下,在酸或碱催化剂例如乙酸、三氟乙酸、氯化锌、溴化锌、氯化锡(IV)、氯化钛(IV)、三氟化硼或三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺或吡啶的存在下,在约0℃至回流的温度下进行约1h-约96h的不同时间。
根据步骤n),对式(XVI)的化合物进行狄尔斯-阿德耳反应得到式(XVII)的化合物,可以按照各种方式、根据用于进行这些反应的常规方法进行。优选地,该反应在适合的溶剂例如四氢呋喃、苯、甲苯或邻-二甲苯中,在马来酸酐的存在下,在室温至回流的温度下进行约1h-约96h的不同时间。
根据步骤o),将式(XVII)的化合物转化成式(XVIII)的化合物或式(XIX)的化合物,可以按照各种方式、根据常规方法进行。优选地,该反应在适合的溶剂例如四氢呋喃、甲苯或水中在盐酸、对甲苯磺酸或磷酸的存在下在室温至回流的温度下进行约1h-约24h的不同时间。
根据步骤p),按照缩合反应领域广泛公知的各种方式和实验条件使式(XVIII)的化合物反应得到式(I)的化合物或式(XX)的化合物。优选地,式(XVIII)的化合物与氨或氨源例如铵盐如下进行反应:在活化剂的存在下,例如羰基二咪唑、苯并三唑-1-基氧基)三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐、2-(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲四氟硼酸盐)、(O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐、二环己基碳二亚胺、二异丙基碳二亚胺、1-乙基-3-(3’-二甲基氨基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐,任选地在羟基苯并三唑的存在下。优选地,该反应在适合的溶剂例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷或1,4-二噁烷的存在下和在质子清除剂例如吡啶、三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺的存在下在室温至回流的温度下进行约30min-约96h的时间。
根据步骤i’),可以按照各种方式和实验条件使式(XX)的化合物脱保护,得到式(XXI)的化合物。优选地,按照与对步骤i)所报道的类似的方式进行。
根据步骤l’),在式(XIV)的化合物的存在下,式(XXI)的化合物的还原烷基化得到式(I)的化合物,该过程可以按照各种方式和实验条件进行。优选地,按照与对步骤l)所报道的类似的方式进行。
根据步骤q),可以按照各种方式和实验条件保护式(XIX)的化合物,得到式(XVIII)的化合物,其中X是适合的氮保护基。优选地,当保护基是叔丁氧基羰基时,该反应可以在二碳酸二叔丁酯的存在下在不同溶剂例如甲醇、乙腈、四氢呋喃或二氯甲烷中,在碱例如吡啶、N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、碳酸钠或碳酸钾的存在下在室温至回流的温度下进行约1h-约96h的不同时间。
根据转化1(Cv1),可以按照各种方式和实验条件对式(I)的化合物进行还原烷基化,得到式(I)的化合。优选地,按照与对步骤l)所报道的类似的方式进行。
取代的异二氢吲哚酮衍生物可以使用有机合成中的标准方法制备,例如在Smith,Michael-March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry:reactions mechanisms andstructure-第6版,Michael B.Smith和Jerry March,John Wiley&Sons Inc.,New York(NY),2007中报道的。本领域技术人员已知就化学官能团转化成另一种化学官能团可能需要在包含该官能团的化合物的一个或多个反应中心必须被保护,以避免不期望的副反应。保护这样的反应中心和随后在合成转化结束时脱保护可以按照例如如下文献中所述的标准方法进行:Green,Theodora W.和Wuts,Peter G.M.-Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis,第3版,John Wiley&Sons Inc.,New York(NY),1999。
在其中式(I)的化合物包含一个或多个不对称中心的情况中,可以通过本领域技术人员公知的方法将所述化合物分离成单一异构体。这样的方法包含标准色谱技术,包括使用手性固定相的色谱法或结晶。例如在如下文献中报道了包含一个或多个不对称中心的化合物的一般分离方法:Jacques,Jean;Collet,André;Wilen,Samuel H.-Enantiomers,Racemates and Resolutions,John Wiley&Sons Inc.,New York(NY),1981。
可以根据本领域技术人员公知的标准方法将式(I)的化合物转化成药学上可接受的盐。或者,可以根据本领域技术人员公知的标准方法将作为盐得到的式(I)的化合物转化成游离碱或游离酸。
本发明方法的原料即4-氟-2-甲基-苯基胺(XI)、4-氟-2-甲基-苯甲酸(XII)、呋喃-2-甲醛(XV)和式(XIII)和(XIV)的化合物是商购的或可以通过使用众所周知的方法制备。
药理学
PARP-1是DNA损伤-诱导聚合酶,其催化NAD+裂解为烟酰胺和ADP-核糖,然后将后者用于合成支化的类核-酸聚合物聚(ADP-核糖)。体内最富集的聚(ADP-核糖基化的)蛋白质是PARP-1自身,其次是组蛋白类。PARP-1负责90%的这种DNA损伤-诱导活性,而剩余的10%由PARP-2负责。
生物化学测定
测试化合物的亲和力评价和它们相对于所关注的不同PARP同工型的选择性在置换测试中被评估。
提供筛选方法对能够结合几种PARP蛋白的化合物进行鉴定,所述方法包括下列步骤:
a)提供反应混合物,其包含:
研究中的PARP蛋白同工型,
式(IP)的化合物:
其中R11是氢或甲基,B是(CH2)n-NH基团,其中n是2-6;m是0或1,且X---是抗衡离子;和
测试化合物的连续稀释液;
b)比较在没有测试化合物的存在下生成的极化信号与在有不同浓度测试化合物的存在下生成的极化信号;和
c)评价测试化合物置换因荧光极化水平下降所示的如上述所定义的式(IP)的化合物的能力。
优选地,对于上述筛选方法,预混合PARP蛋白和5H-菲啶-6-酮-衍生的式(IP)的探针,或预混合PARP蛋白和测试化合物。在另一个优选的筛选方法中,PARP蛋白是PARP-1、PARP-2和PARP-3。术语“PARP蛋白”包括全长天然蛋白及其片段。更优选地,R11是氢或甲基,m是0或1;当m是1时,n是3或6,X---是三氟乙酸根。选择具有结合PARP蛋白能力的5H-菲啶-6-酮-衍生的探针(IP),包括全长天然蛋白及其片段。
例如,用平板读出器例如Saphire2(Tecan)测定极化信号。例如,通过使用Dynafit软件进行数据分析。例如,还通过使用Excel表格程序(Microsoft Inc.Seattle,USA)使置换数据拟合4参数逻辑模型(4PL)或希尔-斜率模型。该测定用于测试本发明的化合物。式(I)的测试化合物的置换能力与该化合物对酶的NAD袋的亲和力相关。用于测定的式(IP)的特异性探针是:
P1.9-二甲基氨基-11,11-二甲基-1-(3-{甲基-[(6-氧代-5,6-二氢-菲啶-2-基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基甲酰基}-丙基)-2,3,4,11-四氢-萘并[2,3-g]喹啉鎓三氟乙酸盐;
P2.9-二甲基氨基-11,11-二甲基-1-[3-(3-{[(6-氧代-5,6-二氢-菲啶-2-基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基}-丙基氨基甲酰基)-丙基]-2,3,4,11-四氢-萘并[2,3-g]喹啉鎓三氟乙酸盐;
P3.9-二甲基氨基-11,11-二甲基-1-[3-(6-{[(6-氧代-5,6-二氢-菲啶-2-基氨基甲酰基)-甲基]-氨基}-己基氨基甲酰基)-丙基]-2,3,4,11-四氢-萘并[2,3-g]喹啉鎓三氟乙酸盐。
可以如WO 2010/133647中所述制备如上述所定义的式(IP)的化合物。
该测定法基于结合NAD结合袋的式(IP)的探针的应用且利用在该探针结合PARP-1、-2和-3时所观察到的极化信号的显著性改变。式(IP)的探针结合全长PARP-1、-2和-3的能力已有先前报道(WO2010/133647)。该测定法如WO 2010/133647中所述得以验证。
可以如WO 2010/133647中解释的测定测试化合物的亲和结合常数(Kd)和DC50s(与未处理的对照组相比极化信号减少50%时的化合物浓度)。
通过使用探针P1或探针P3的测定法用于评价式(I)的化合物的生化效能,如表1中是报道的。
表1
*使用化合物P3作为探针的测定。在所有其它情况中,化合物P1用作探针。
基于拟合误差<50%的测定灵敏度限度。
从上述数据中,本领域技术人员显而易见本发明式(I)的化合物作为PARP-1抑制剂是高度有效的且相对于PARP-2和PARP-3具有极大选择性(比较上表1中的PARP-1、PARP-2和PARP-3DC50和Kd值)。
细胞测定
PAR测定
通过测量对在HeLa细胞(ECACC)中过氧化氢导致的PAR形成的抑制,评价PARP-1抑制剂的细胞活性。细胞的PAR水平采用免疫细胞化学进行测量并使用ArrayScan vTi仪器(Cellomics Thermo Scientific)进行定量。
研究如下实施:将6000细胞/孔接种于96孔板中(Perkin Elmer)的MEM/10%FCS中,在37℃、5%二氧化碳温育24h。然后以30min为期限加入需要浓度的测试化合物。然后以15min为期限,通过加入0.1mM浓度的过氧化氢诱发DNA损伤。在MEM/10%FCS中采用在DMSO中的化合物母液制备浓度曲线,最终DMSO浓度是0.002%(v/v)。采用20μM的典型最高化合物浓度和系列稀释1∶3,在各浓度点制备双份孔。板经干燥,并加入冷甲醇-丙酮(70∶30)溶液在室温固定15min,吸出固定溶液,风干孔5min,然后在PBS中脱水。通过在含有5%(w/v)FBS 0.05%tween20的PBS中温育孔30min,阻断非特异性结合位置。然后在室温,在PBS中温育孔1小时,所述PBS包含在阻断溶液中稀释度为1∶200的抗PAR小鼠单克隆抗体(Anti-PAR,Mouse mAb 10H、Tulip Cat N°1020)。在PBS中洗涤3次之后,在PBS(w/v)5%FBS 0.05%Tween20中温育孔,所述PBS(w/v)5%FBS 0.05%Tween20含有2μg/ml Cy2-共轭的山羊抗小鼠二次抗体(Amersham Pharmacia Biotech cat.N°PA 42002)(最大吸收489nm最大荧光506nm)和1μg/ml DAPI(最大吸收359nm最大荧光461nm)(4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚乳酸氢盐)(Sigma cat.N°D9564),一种高敏感性核苷酸染色染料。在PBS中又洗涤3次之后,如下评价细胞的PAR免疫反应性:使用配有Zeiss 10X 0.5N.A.目镜的ArrayScan vTi仪器,和采用配有XF100过滤器的Cytotoxicity.V3算法(Cellomics/Thermo Fisher)。各孔读取至少10个视野,对应于至少900细胞。IC50值表示化合物浓度,在该浓度细胞的PAR信号与未治疗的对照组相比减少50%。
使用下列式:
IC50=底部+(顶部-底部)/(1+10^((LogEC50-X)));
X是浓度的对数,IC50是反应值;IC50由底部开始且以S字形到达顶部。
在上述测定中,本发明式(I)的化合物抑制PAR形成,其IC50值低于5μM,如表2中所示。
表2
集落形成测定
使MDA-MB-436乳腺癌BRCA-1突变的细胞以600细胞/cm2的密度生长在补充了10%胎牛血清的RPMI培养基中。24h后,从10μM浓度开始加入不同剂量的化合物,一式两份。10天后,固定细胞,用结晶紫染色。使用红外扫描器(Odyssey Li-Cor)对集落进行计数。使用Prism计算抗增殖IC50。
药代动力学
在专用(ad hoc)药代动力学研究中采用小鼠(Balb,Nu/Nu,Harlan,Italy),考察化合物的药代动力学性质和口服生物利用度。针对静脉内大丸剂(bolus)施用,在10%吐温80/葡萄糖中配制化合物,而使用在0.5%甲基纤维素中配制的化合物实施口服施用。施用10mg/kg剂量的单次施用,针对各途径使用3只雄性动物。在静脉内施用之后5min、30min、1h、3h、6h、24h和在口服施用之后15min、30min、1h、3h、6h、24h,从后眶静脉取所有血样。通过将200μL乙腈加入到96孔板中20μL的血浆的血浆蛋白沉淀,制备血浆样品。在封盖和涡旋混合之后,将板以4000rpm离心15min。上清液被认为是最终提取物,并被注射入LC-MS-MS系统(UPLC系统:Waters Acquity,使用BEH C1850*2.1mm 1.7μm分析柱;MS仪器:配备以阳离子方式操作的电喷雾源的Waters TQD)。定量下限是5.0ng/ml,定量上限是5000ng/mL。使用非室方法(自然对数-转化的血浆浓度的线性梯形法则和线性回归分析与时间数据的关系)。根据平均口服-IV(静脉内)剂量标准化的血浆AUC(曲线下面积)值之比,计算绝对生物利用度(F)。
本文使用的缩写具有下列含意:
AUC(在血浆浓度与时间曲线下多至最后一次检测浓度的面积)
Cl(血浆清除率)
Cmax(最大血浆浓度)
T1/2(终末半衰期)
Vdss(稳态分布体积)
评价某些代表性的式(I)化合物的药代动力学参数,所述参数以平均值的形式在下表3中报道。
表3
根据上文所述,本领域技术人员清楚的是,式(I)的化合物具有良好至出色的药代动力学性质和口服生物利用度。
体内功效研究
依照涉及保护用于试验或其它科学目的的动物的欧洲共同体委员会导则第86/609/EEC号,将来自Harlan(Italy)的Balb无胸腺的Nu/Nu雄性小鼠饲养在具有灭菌滤纸盖子、食物、垫层和酸化水的笼子中。Capan-1人胰腺癌肿瘤的片段被皮下移植。选择携带可触及的肿瘤(100-200mm3)的小鼠,并将其随机分入对照和治疗组。各组包括7只动物。在随机分组之后一天开始治疗。采用甲基纤维素(methocel)悬浮液的形式以所示剂量和次数通过口服途径施用式(I)的化合物。在试验期间通过测径器定期测量肿瘤尺寸,如在Simeoni M.等人,Cancer Res 64,1094-1101(2004)中所描述计算肿瘤质量。根据如下方程计算肿瘤生长抑制(TGI,%):%TGI=100-(治疗组的平均肿瘤重量/对照组的平均肿瘤重量)*100。
评价某些代表性的式(I)的化合物作为单一药剂对Capan-1BRCA-2突变的小鼠模型的抗肿瘤活性并且报道在表4中。以体重减少为基础评价毒性(治疗的7只小鼠中未观察到体重减少)。
表4
化合物 | 剂量 | 计划表 | Max TGI(%) | 毒性 |
(11) | 75mg/kg | 每日1-8 | 42% | 0/7 |
(15) | 75mg/kg | 每日1-10 | 54% | 0/7 |
评价与替莫唑胺组合的代表性的式(I)的化合物对Capan-1BRCA-2突变的小鼠模型的抗肿瘤活性。通过口服途径施用式(I)的化合物和替莫唑胺。通过测径器评价肿瘤生长。记录两种直径,根据下列式计算肿瘤重量:长度(mm)x宽度2/2。以肿瘤的指数生长发作延迟评价抗肿瘤治疗效果(参见文献Anticancer drugs 7:437-60,1996)。这种延迟(T-C值)被定义为治疗组(T)和对照组(C)肿瘤达到预定尺寸(1g)需要时间(以天计)的不同。以体重减少和动物存活率为基础评价毒性。当式(I)的化合物与替莫唑胺组合时,观察到的T-C优于通过简单加和通过单一治疗得到的T-C所预期的,表明存在明显协同作用。
因此,本发明提供用于疗法的式(I)的化合物。
适合于对哺乳动物例如对人施用的本发明式(I)的化合物可以通过常规途径施用,且剂量水平取决于患者的年龄、体重、病情和施用途径。
例如,适合于口服施用式(I)的化合物的适合的剂量可以在约1-约1000mg/剂量的范围,每日1-5次。可以通过各种剂型施用本发明的化合物,例如,口服,以片剂、胶囊、糖衣片或薄膜衣片、液体溶液或混悬液的形式;直肠,以栓剂形式;胃肠外,例如肌内;或通过静脉内和/或鞘内和/或脊柱内注射或输注。
如上所述,本发明还包括药物组合物,其包含式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与药学上可接受的可以为载体或稀释剂的赋形剂。
通常按照常规方法制备包含本发明化合物的药物组合物,且以适合的药物剂型施用。例如,固体口服剂型除包含活性化合物外,还可以包含:例如稀释剂,例如乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、蔗糖、纤维素、玉米淀粉或马铃薯淀粉;润滑剂,例如二氧化硅、滑石粉、硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸钙和/或聚乙二醇;粘合剂,例如淀粉、阿拉伯树胶、明胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;崩解剂,例如淀粉、藻酸、藻酸盐或羟基乙酸淀粉钠;泡腾混合物;染料;甜味剂;湿润剂,例如卵磷脂、聚山梨醇酯、月桂基硫酸盐;和一般无毒性和无药理学活性的用于药物制剂的物质。可以通过公知方式,例如通过混合、制粒、压片、包糖衣或薄膜包衣工艺制备这些药物制剂。
用于口服施用的液体分散体可以是,例如糖浆剂、乳剂和混悬液、作为实例。糖浆剂可以包含蔗糖或蔗糖与甘油和/或甘露糖醇和山梨醇作为载体。
混悬液和乳剂可以包含天然树胶、琼脂、藻酸钠、果胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素或聚乙烯醇作为载体的实例。用于肌内注射的混悬液或溶液除活性化合物外还可以包含药学上可接受的载体,例如无菌水、橄榄油、油酸乙酯、二醇类例如丙二醇,且如果期望,可以包含适量的盐酸利多卡因。
用于静脉内注射或输注的溶液可以包含无菌水作为载体,或优选地它们可以是无菌等渗盐水溶液的形式,或它们可以包含丙二醇作为载体。
栓剂除包含活性化合物外还可以包含药学上可接受的载体,例如可可脂、聚乙二醇、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯表面活性剂或卵磷脂。
实验部分
当提及本发明的任何特定的式(I)的化合物时,所述化合物任选地以药学上可接受的盐的形式存在,参见实验部分和权利要求。参照下述实施例,使用本文描述的方法或本领域众所周知的其它方法,合成本发明的化合物。
本文使用的简写形式和缩略语具有如下含意:
amu(原子质量单位)
calcd.(理论值)
μM(微摩尔)
μL(微升)
μm(微米)
mol(摩尔)
mM(毫摩尔)
mmol(毫摩尔)
nm(纳米)
g(克)
mg(毫克)
ng(毫微克)
h(小时)
min(分钟)
DC50(半最大置换浓度)
IC50(半最大抑制浓度)
PAR(聚(ADP-核糖))
MEM(最小必需培养基)
FCS(胎牛血清)
FBS(胎牛血清)
PBS(磷酸盐缓冲盐水)
LC-MS(液相层析法-质谱测定法)
HPLC(高效液相色谱法)
TLC(薄层色谱法)
MHz(兆赫)
Hz(赫兹)
DMSO-d6(氘代二甲亚砜)
CDCl3(氘代氯仿)
ESI(电喷雾离子化)
为更好的阐述本发明的目的,而不对其形成任何限制,现给予下述实施例。
本文使用的符号和在该方法、方案和实施例中使用的约定与那些同代的科学文献中使用的一致,所述文献例如Journal of the American Chemical Society或Journal ofBiological Chemistry。
除非另有说明,所有材料均从商业供应商得到,为最优级,且没有进一步纯化而使用。无水溶剂例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷和甲苯从Aldrich化学公司得到。所有涉及对空气或水分敏感的化合物的反应在氮气或氩气气氛下进行。
一般纯化和分析方法
在硅胶(Merck级9395,)上进行快速色谱。在Waters X Terra RP 18(4,6x50mm,3.5μm)柱上进行HPLC,使用配备996Waters PDA检测器和微量模式(Micromass mod)的Waters 2790HPLC系统。配备电喷雾(ESI)离子源的ZQ单四级杆质谱仪。流动相A是乙酸铵5mM缓冲液(pH 5.5用乙酸-乙腈95∶5),流动相B是水-乙腈(5∶95)。梯度为在8min内从10至90%的B,维持90%的B 2min。UV检测在220nm和254nm。流速1mL/min。注射体积10μL。全扫描,质量范围从100至800amu。毛细管电压是2.5KV;源温度是120℃;锥孔电压10V。以min在220nm或254nm给出保留时间(HPLC r.t.)。以m/z比率给出质量。
当必需时,通过制备型HPLC,在Waters Symmetry C18(19x 50mm,5μm)柱上或在Waters X Terra RP 18(30x 150mm,5μm)柱上,使用配备996Waters PDA检测器和微量模式的Waters制备型HPLC 600,纯化化合物。ZMD单四级杆质谱仪,电喷雾离子化,阳离子模式。流动相A是水-0.01%三氟乙酸,流动相B是乙腈。梯度为在8min内从10至90%的B,维持90%的B 2min。流速20mL/min。可代替地,流动相A是水-0.1%氢氧化铵,流动相B是乙腈。梯度为在8min内从10至100%的B,维持100%的B 2min。流速20mL/min。
使用在400.5MHz操作的Varian Inova 400和在300.0MHz操作的Varian Mercury300在DMSO-d6或CDCl3中完成1H-NMR光谱。在75.0MHz在DMSO-d6中完成13C NMR光谱。
将残留溶剂信号用作参比(δ=2.50或7.27ppm)。化学位移(δ)以兆北率报道(ppm)且偶合常数(J)以Hz报道。因多样性使用下列缩写:s=单峰;br.s.=宽信号;d=双峰;t=三重峰;m=多重峰;dd=双组双重峰。
用直接连接如上所述的1100微量-HPLC系统(Agilent,Palo Alto,US)的Q-TofUltima(Waters,Manchester,UK)得到ESI(+)高分辨质谱(HRMS)(Colombo,M.,Sirtori,F.R.和Rizzo,V.(2004)A fully automated method for accurate mass determinationusing high-performance liquid chromatography with a quadrupole/orthogonalacceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer.Rapid Commun.Mass Spectrom.18,511-517)。
具体实施方式
实施例1
步骤a
2-溴-4-氟-6-甲基-苯基胺(X)[Hal=Br]
在20℃将N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(18.7g,0.105mol)在70mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的溶液滴加到4-氟-2-甲基-苯胺(XI)(12.5g,0.1mol)在70mL相同溶剂中的溶液中。将该反应混合物搅拌过夜。将深色溶液倾入水(1000mL)、盐水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(300mL)的混合物。将该混合物转入分液漏斗,振摇,分离。用乙酸乙酯(4x 150mL)萃取水相。用水(5x 100mL)、盐水(2x 100mL)洗涤合并的有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。通过快速色谱法纯化产物(洗脱液乙酸乙酯:正-己烷=1:8)。合并纯级分,蒸发,得到14.9g产物。合并不纯级分,浓缩,再溶于乙醚(30mL),用5%盐酸(5x 10mL)萃取。用氢氧化钾水溶液碱化酸相,用乙醚萃取,又得到0.8g标题化合物。总收率为15.7g(77%)。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 2.16(s,3H),4.83(br.s,2H),6.91(dd,JH-F=9.3Hz,JH-H=2.9Hz,1H),7.16(dd,JH-F=8.3Hz,JH-H=2.9Hz,1H).
步骤b
2-溴-4-氟-6-甲基-苄腈(IX)[Hal=Br]
将氰化钾(16.25g,0.25mol)在20mL水中的溶液加入到新鲜制备的氯化亚铜(I)(9.5g,0.096mol)在40mL水中的溶液中。然后加入甲苯(30mL),将该混合物冷却至0℃。将2-溴-4-氟-6-甲基-苯基胺(X)(15.7g,0.077mol)加入到16.5ml 36%盐酸水溶液和40mL水的混合物中。将得到的混悬液加热至形成溶液。将该溶液冷却至2℃,胺盐酸盐沉淀。缓慢地加入亚硝酸钠(5.34g,0.078mol)在15mL水中的溶液,保持该反应混合物温度低于5℃。分小份加入粉状十水合碳酸钠以调整该反应混合物的pH至约7。然后将得到的重氮盐溶液缓慢地加入到预先制备的氰基铜酸盐试剂中,再次保持该反应混合物温度低于5℃。亮红-橙色沉淀形成。将该反应混合物温至20℃,保持在该温度下过夜。然后将其在70℃加热1h。沉淀几乎完全溶解。将反应混合物冷却至20℃并过滤。分离有机相,用甲苯(3x70mL)萃取水相。用水(2x 100mL)、盐水(2x 100mL)洗涤合并的有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。不经进一步纯化使用粗腈(IX)(13.9g,84%)。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 2.52(s,3H),7.44(dd,JH-F=9.4Hz,JH-H=2.1Hz,1H),7.73(dd,JH-F=8.2Hz,JH-H=2.1Hz,1H).
13C NMR(75.0MHz,DMSO-d6)δ115.8,112.7(d,JC-F=3Hz),117.0(d,JC-F=23Hz),118.4(d,JC-F=27Hz),126.1(d,JC-F=11Hz),147.8(d,JC-F=11Hz),163.5(d,JC-F=257Hz).
步骤c
2-溴-4-氟-6-甲基-苯甲酰胺(VIII)[Hal=Br]
将2-溴-4-氟-6-甲基-苄腈(IX)(0.428g,2mmol)在70%硫酸水溶液(2mL)中在150℃加热过夜。将该反应混合物倾入冰,用乙酸乙酯(4x 2mL)萃取。用水(4x 2mL)、盐水(2x2mL)洗涤有机相,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到300mg粗2-溴-4-氟-6-甲基-苯甲酰胺(VIII)。通过从苯中重结晶得到纯样品。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 3.31(s,3H),7.17(dd,JH-F=9.8Hz,JH-H=2.2Hz,1H),7.41(dd,JH-F=8.6Hz,JH-H=2.2Hz,1H),7.89(br.s,1H),7.65(br.s,1H).
步骤d
2-溴-4-氟-6-甲基-苯甲酸(VII)[Hal=Br]
在80℃将2-溴-4-氟-6-甲基-苯甲酰胺(VIII)(0.9g,3.9mmol)溶于75%硫酸水溶液(4mL)。在1h过程中谨慎地分小份加入亚硝酸钠(0.5g,7.2mmol)。将该反应混合物冷却至20℃,将冷水(15ml)加入到该反应混合物中。用乙酸乙酯(6x 2mL)萃取产物。用水(4x2mL)、水(2x 2mL)洗涤有机相,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到0.879g(97%)纯固体(VII)。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 2.31(s,1H),7.22(dd,JH-F=9.6Hz,JH-H=2.2Hz,1H),7.47(dd,JH-F=8.5Hz,JH-H=2.4Hz,1H),13.7(br.s,1H).
13C NMR(75.0MHz,DMSO-d6+CCl4)δppm 19.5,116.0(d,JC-F=22Hz),116.8(d,JC-F=24Hz),118.3(d,JC-F=10Hz),134.0(d,JC-F=3Hz),138.4(d,JC-F=8Hz),163.0(d,JC-F=250Hz),168.0.
步骤f
2-溴-4-氟-6-甲基-苯甲酸甲酯(VI)[Hal=Br;T=甲基]
将2-溴-4-氟-6-甲基-苯甲酸(VII)(1.94g,8.33mmol)、无水碳酸钾(1.72g,12.5mmol)、碘甲烷(2.36g,17mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(15mL)中的混合物在20℃剧烈搅拌23h。将该混悬液倾入70mL水。浓稠油状物分离出来。用乙酸乙酯(4x 25mL)萃取产物。用水(5x 20mL)、盐水(2x 20mL)洗涤有机相,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到2.07g(定量收率)的2-溴-4-氟-6-甲基-苯甲酸甲酯(VI)。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,CDCl3)δppm 2.35(s,3H),3.96(s,3H),6.91(dd,JH-F=9.0Hz,JH-H=2.2Hz,1H),7.18(dd,JH-F=8.1Hz,JH-H=2.4Hz,1H).
步骤g
2-氰基-4-氟-6-甲基-苯甲酸甲酯(V)[T=甲基]
将2-溴-4-氟-6-甲基-苯甲酸甲酯(VI)(275mg,1.12mmol)、六氰高铁酸钾(II)(206mg,0.56mmol)、无水碳酸钠(237mg,2.24mmol)和乙酸钯(II)(5mg,0.0224mmol)在3mLN-甲基吡咯烷酮中的混合物在120℃在密封试管中在氩气气氛中加热过夜。用二氯甲烷稀释该反应混合物,通过C盐垫过滤。用水(13x 6mL)、盐水(2x 6mL)洗涤有机相,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。进行柱色谱(正-己烷/乙酸乙酯:7/3),得到2-氰基-4-氟-6-甲基-苯甲酸甲酯(76mg,35%)。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 2.42(s,3H),3.93(s,3H),7.65(dd,JHF=9.6,JHH=2.6Hz,1H),7.85(dd,JHF=8.3,2.6Hz,1H).
步骤h
6-氟-2-(3-吗啉-4-基-丙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-腈(IV)[n=3;R1=吗啉-4-基;X=不存在,此时m=0且R2=不存在]
向2-氰基-4-氟-6-甲基-苯甲酸甲酯(V)(208mg,1.07mmol)在新戊酸甲酯(2mL)中的溶液中加入N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(310mg,1.74mmol)和过氧化苯甲酰(20mg,0.097mmol)。将该反应混合物在85℃在氮气气氛中搅拌3h。用Gooch过滤粗产物,用甲苯洗涤。蒸发挥发性物质,将残余物溶于乙腈(3mL)。加入三乙胺(0.41mL,2.9mmol)和3-吗啉-4-基-丙基胺(XIII)(140mg,0.97mmol),将该反应混合物在90℃搅拌3h。用二氯甲烷稀释粗产物,用15%氢氧化铵洗涤。用Na2SO4干燥有机相,过滤,蒸发。进行柱色谱(氯仿/甲醇:96/4-氯仿/甲醇:94/6梯度),得到6-氟-2-(3-吗啉-4-基-丙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-腈(IV)(130mg,40%收率)。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,CDCl3)δppm 1.87(五重峰,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.34-2.49(m,6H),3.62-3.74(m,6H),4.45(s,2H),7.42(dd,JH-F=7.3Hz,JH-H=2.0Hz,1H),7.47(dd,JH-F=8.3Hz,JH-H=2.0Hz,1H).
步骤c’
6-氟-2-(3-吗啉-4-基-丙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd23
[R=F;n=3;R1=吗啉-4-基;m=0;R2=不存在]
将6-氟-2-(3-吗啉-4-基-丙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-腈(IV)(100mg,0.33mmol)在1.5mL 36%盐酸中的溶液在50℃加热10h。蒸发全部挥发性物质,将残余物溶于2mL冷水。用碳酸钠固体中和该溶液。将沉淀的固体溶于二氯甲烷,用饱和碳酸钠水溶液(2x 1mL)、盐水(2x 1mL)洗涤有机相,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到73mg(73%)6-氟-2-(3-吗啉-4-基-丙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I)。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.79(五重峰,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.28-2.35(m,6H),3.47-3.52(m,4H),3.59(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.58(s,2H),7.68(dd,JHF=7.8,JHH=2.6Hz,1H),7.83(br.s.,1H),7.89(dd,JHF=10.9,JHH=2.6Hz,1H),10.81(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C16H21FN3O3[M+H]+的理论值322.1562;实测值322.1565
实施例2
步骤e
4-氟-2-碘-6-甲基-苯甲酸(VII)[Hal=I]
通过循环真空和氮气3次给4-氟-2-甲基-苯甲酸(XII)(20.00g,0.130mol)、二乙酸碘苯酯(50.15g,0.156mol)、碘(39.52g,0.156mol)和乙酸钯(II)(1.46g,0.006mol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(360mL)中的混合物脱气,然后在100℃内部温度下在氩气气氛中加热18h。将得到的深色混合物冷却至室温,用甲基叔丁基醚(200mL)稀释,用偏亚硫酸钠(250g)的水(500mL)溶液在高效搅拌下处理。然后通过缓慢地添加浓盐酸(130mL)酸化该黄色混合物。分离水层,用甲基叔丁基醚(mL100x 2)洗涤2次。用氢氧化钠颗粒(80g)的水(300mL)溶液在搅拌下处理合并的有机萃取物。排出仅包含碘苯的有机层,同时向水层中加入氯化钠,冷却至冰冻温度,用浓盐酸(130mL)达到极低pH。用甲基叔丁基醚(100mL x 3)从这种水性介质中萃取产物,用Na2SO4干燥合并的萃取物,最终减压浓缩,得到30.5g(84%)4-氟-2-碘-6-甲基-苯甲酸,为棕色固体。将该粗物质不经纯化用于下一步。
1H NMR(300.0MHz,CDCl3)δppm 2.46(s,3H),6.96(dd,JHF=9.1,JHH=2.6Hz,1H),7.45(dd,JHF=7.9,2.3Hz,1H).
步骤f
4-氟-2-碘-6-甲基-苯甲酸甲酯(VI)[Hal=I;T=甲基]
在高效磁搅拌下向4-氟-2-碘-6-甲基-苯甲酸(VII)(30.05g,0.109mol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(300mL)中的溶液中加入无水碳酸钾(22.0g,0.16mol)。15min后,加入对甲苯磺酸甲酯(30.7g,0.16mol)。将该棕色混悬液在室温搅拌2h。然后将乙酸钾(12.4g,0.13mol)加入以破坏未反应的对甲苯磺酸甲酯,将该混合物搅拌过夜。用甲基叔丁基醚(100mL)稀释浓稠反应混合物,用水(600mL)洗涤;分离水层,用甲基叔丁基醚(70mL x 2)萃取2次。用盐水(50mL)洗涤合并的有机萃取物,用Na2SO4干燥,减压浓缩,得到固体残余物。通过色谱法纯化该物质(洗脱液正-己烷/乙酸乙酯9:1),得到26.2g(81%)产物,为无色油状物。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 2.27(s,3H),3.86(s,3H),7.25(dd,JHF=9.6,JHH=2.4Hz,1H),7.63(dd,JHF=8.2,JHH=2.4Hz,1H).
步骤g
2-氰基-4-氟-6-甲基-苯甲酸甲酯(V)[T=甲基]
用氰化铜(I)(12.18g;0.136mol)处理4-氟-2-碘-6-甲基-苯甲酸甲酯(VI)(26.02g,88.48mmol)在260mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的溶液,在110℃搅拌5h。将深色混合物冷却至约60℃,用105g 560粗品(Fluka)在高效搅拌下处理,用乙酸乙酯(250mL)稀释。冷却至室温后,将该混合物缓慢地倾入0.25N氢氧化钠水溶液(500mL),然后过滤。用乙酸乙酯(100mL)洗涤反应烧瓶和板面。分离水层,用乙酸乙酯(250mL+100mL)萃取2次。用盐水(200mL)洗涤合并的有机萃取物,用Na2SO4干燥,减压浓缩,得到22.00g粗产物,为黄色固体。使该物质从正-己烷(40mL)中结晶:冷却至室温后,通过过滤采集固体,减压浓缩母液。使如此得到的固体残余物从正-己烷(20mL)中结晶,过滤固体后,得到第二批产物。最终通过色谱法纯化合并的批量(14.15g),用正-己烷/甲基叔丁基醚9:1-正-己烷/乙酸乙酯9:1梯度洗脱。蒸发级分后,得到12.0g(70%)2-氰基-4-氟-6-甲基-苯甲酸甲酯(V)。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 2.42(s,3H),3.93(s,3H),7.65(dd,JHF=9.6,JHH=2.6Hz,1H),7.85(dd,JHF=8.3,2.6Hz,1H).
步骤h
2-(1-环己基-哌啶-4-基)-6-氟-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-腈(IV)[R=F;n=m=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;R2=1-环己基]
向2-氰基-4-氟-6-甲基-苯甲酸甲酯(V)(208mg,1.07mmol)在新戊酸甲酯(2mL)中的溶液中加入N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(310mg,1.74mmol)和过氧化苯甲酰(20mg,0.097mmol)。将该反应混合物在85℃在氮气气氛中搅拌3h。过滤粗产物,用甲苯洗涤。蒸发挥发性物质,将残余物溶于乙腈(3mL)。加入碳酸钾(670mg,4.85mmol)和1-环己基-哌啶-4-基胺二盐酸盐一水合物(XIII)(265mg,0.97mmol),将该反应混合物在90℃搅拌3h。用二氯甲烷稀释粗产物,用15%氢氧化铵洗涤。用Na2SO4干燥有机相,过滤,蒸发。进行柱色谱(二氯甲烷/甲醇/氨溶液,7N的甲醇溶液:97/2/1),得到2-(1-环己基-哌啶-4-基)-6-氟-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-腈(IV)(100mg,30%)。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.02-1.13(m,1H),1.16-1.27(m,4H),1.55-1.62(m,1H),1.68-1.80(br.s.,7H),2.23-2.39(m,3H),2.87-2.97(m,2H),3.95(br.s.,1H),4.52(s,2H),7.86(dd,JHF=8.3,JHH=2.2Hz,1H),7.98(dd,JHF=9.3,JHH=2.2Hz,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C20H25FN3O[M+H]+的理论值342.1976;实测值342.1988
步骤c’
2-(1-环己基-哌啶-4-基)-6-氟-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd29
[R=F;n=m=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;R2=1-环己基]
在30min过程中向搅拌的2-(1-环己基-哌啶-4-基)-6-氟-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-腈(IV)(100mg,0.3mmol)在乙酸(5mL)中的溶液中滴加浓硫酸(2.7mL)。然后将该反应体系在80℃温热9h,在室温冷却,倾入冷水(10mL)。然后通过添加浓氨水使水相呈碱性,用二氯甲烷(3x 10mL)萃取。用2N氢氧化钠水溶液(2X 12mL)和盐水洗涤合并的有机相,用Na2SO4干燥,真空蒸发至干。通过柱色谱法纯化((二氯甲烷/甲醇/氨溶液,7N的甲醇溶液:97/2/1)后得到标题化合物,为白色固体(43mg,40%)。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.00-1.14(m,1H),1.14-1.28(m,4H),1.53-1.61(m,1H),1.67-1.80(m,6H),2.25-2.36(m,3H),2.88-2.95(m,2H),3.94-4.03(m,1H),4.55(s,2H),7.66(dd,JHF=7.7,JHH=2.6Hz,1H),7.85(br.s.,1H),7.89(dd,JHF=10.9,JHH=2.6Hz,1H),10.78(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C20H27FN3O2[M+H]+的理论值360.2082;实测值360.2098
实施例3
步骤m
4-[(呋喃-2-基甲基)-氨基]-哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯(XVI)[n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;X=叔丁氧基羰基]
向等摩尔的呋喃-2-甲醛(XV)(250mg,2.6mmol)和4-氨基-哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯(XIII)(473mg,2.6mmol)在二氯甲烷(14mL)中的溶液中加入1M氯化钛(IV)的二氯甲烷溶液(1.3mL,1.3mmol)和三乙胺(0.32mL,2.6mmol)。将该反应混合物在氮气气氛中搅拌2天。然后在搅拌下滴加氰基硼氢化钠(493mg,7.8mmol)在甲醇(7mL)中的溶液,将该溶液在室温搅拌过夜。加入35%氢氧化钠,用乙酸乙酯萃取产物。分离有机相,用盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,真空蒸发至干。通过快速色谱法纯化粗产物(二氯甲烷/甲醇95:5),得到标题化合物,为红色油状物(406mg,56%)。
HRMS(ESI+):C15H25N2O3[M+H]+的理论值281.1860;实测值281.1867.
按照类似方式操作,但使用适当取代的原料(XIII),得到如下化合物:
苄基-呋喃-2-基甲基-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C12H14NO[M+H]+的理论值188.1070;实测值188.1075
呋喃-2-基甲基-苯乙基-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C13H16NO[M+H]+的理论值202.1226;实测值202.1230
[2-(3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基)-乙基]-呋喃-2-基甲基-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C16H21N2O[M+H]+的理论值257.1648;实测值257.1642
呋喃-2-基甲基-(2-哌啶-1-基-乙基)-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C12H21N2O[M+H]+的理论值209.1648;实测值209.1650
呋喃-2-基甲基-(2-吗啉-4-基-乙基)-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C11H19N2O2[M+H]+的理论值211.1441;实测值211.1446
呋喃-2-基甲基-(3-吗啉-4-基-丙基)-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C12H21N2O2[M+H]+的理论值225.1598;实测值225.1590
[2-(3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-基)-乙基]-呋喃-2-基甲基-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C16H21N2O[M+H]+的理论值257.1648;实测值257.1652
呋喃-2-基甲基-(3-苯基-丙基)-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C14H18NO[M+H]+的理论值216.1383;实测值216.1387
呋喃-2-基甲基-(2-吡啶-2-基-乙基)-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C12H15N2O[M+H]+的理论值203.1179;实测值203.1181
[3-(3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基)-丙基]-呋喃-2-基甲基-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C17H23N2O[M+H]+的理论值271.1805;实测值271.1799
[3-(3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-基)-丙基]-呋喃-2-基甲基-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C17H23N2O[M+H]+的理论值271.1805;实测值271.1811
呋喃-2-基甲基-[3-(4-甲基-哌嗪-1-基)-丙基]-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C13H24N3O[M+H]+的理论值238.1914;实测值238.1912
呋喃-2-基甲基-[3-(4-苯基-哌嗪-1-基)-丙基]-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C18H26N3O[M+H]+的理论值300.2070;实测值300.2077
呋喃-2-基甲基-(3-哌啶-1-基-丙基)-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C13H23N2O[M+H]+的理论值223.1805;实测值223.1802
(3-[1,4']联哌啶-1'-基-丙基)-呋喃-2-基甲基-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C18H32N3O[M+H]+的理论值306.2540;实测值306.2544
[3-(2,6-二甲基-哌啶-1-基)-丙基]-呋喃-2-基甲基-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C15H27N2O[M+H]+的理论值251.2118;实测值251.2120
呋喃-2-基甲基-[1-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-哌啶-4-基]-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C15H25N2O2[M+H]+的理论值265.1911;实测值265.1919
(1-苄基-哌啶-4-基)-呋喃-2-基甲基-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C17H23N2O[M+H]+的理论值271.1805;实测值271.1807
[2-(1-苄基-哌啶-4-基)-乙基]-呋喃-2-基甲基-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C19H27N2O[M+H]+的理论值299.2118;实测值299.21222
[3-(4-苄基-哌啶-1-基)-丙基]-呋喃-2-基甲基-胺(XVI)
HRMS(ESI+):C20H29N2O[M+H]+的理论值313.2274;实测值313.2280
(1-环己基-哌啶-4-基)-呋喃-2-基甲基-胺(XVI)
通过使用迪安-斯达克仪器将等摩尔的呋喃-2-甲醛(XV)(1.3g,13.5mmol)和1-环己基-哌啶-4-基胺(XIII)(2.46g,13.5mmol)在甲苯(140mL)中的溶液回流加热8h。真空浓缩该反应混合物,用(50mL)乙醇冲洗。加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(3.8g,17.93mmol),将该混合物在室温静置过夜。然后用氨水(8%)碱化,分离水层,用乙醚萃取。用无水硫酸钠干燥有机相,减压浓缩,得到标题化合物,为黄色油状物,不经任何另外的纯化用于下一步。
HRMS(ESI+):C16H27N2O[M+H]+的理论值263.2118;实测值263.2120
步骤n
3-(1-叔丁氧基羰基-哌啶-4-基)-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)[n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;X=叔丁氧基羰基]
向4-[(呋喃-2-基甲基)-氨基]-哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯(XVI)(5.6g,21mmol)在甲苯(300mL)中的溶液中加入马来酸酐(2.1g,21mmol)。将该反应混合物回流6h,在室温搅拌过夜。过滤得到的沉淀固体,用乙醚洗涤,干燥,得到期望的化合物(6.5g,82%),为白色固体。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.40(s,9H),1.40-1.63(m,4H),2.45(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),2.75(br.s.,2H),2.76(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),3.59(d,J=11.6Hz,1H),3.88(d,J=11.60Hz,1H),3.90(m,1H),3.96-4.06(m,2H),4.95(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),6.42(dd,J=5.6,1.7Hz,1H),6.55(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),12.03(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C19H27N2O6[M+H]+的理论值379.1864;实测值379.1876
按照类似方式操作,但使用适当取代的原料(XVI),得到如下化合物:
3-苄基-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C16H16NO4[M+H]+的理论值286.1074;实测值286.1078
4-氧代-3-苯乙基-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C17H18NO4[M+H]+的理论值300.1230;实测值300.1237
3-[2-(3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基)-乙基]-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C20H23N2O4[M+H]+的理论值355.1652;实测值355.1657
4-氧代-3-(2-哌啶-1-基-乙基)-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C16H23N2O4[M+H]+的理论值307.1652;实测值307.1660
3-(2-吗啉-4-基-乙基)-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C15H21N2O5[M+H]+的理论值309.1445;实测值309.1446
3-(3-吗啉-4-基-丙基)-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C16H23N2O5[M+H]+的理论值323.1601;实测值323.1609
3-[2-(3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-基)-乙基]-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C20H23N2O4[M+H]+的理论值355.1652;实测值355.1660
4-氧代-3-(3-苯基-丙基)-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C18H20NO4[M+H]+的理论值314.1387;实测值314.1392
4-氧代-3-(2-吡啶-2-基-乙基)-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C16H17N2O4[M+H]+的理论值301.1183;实测值301.1179
3-[3-(3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基)-丙基]-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C21H25N2O4[M+H]+的理论值369.1809;实测值369.1811
3-[3-(3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-基)-丙基]-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C21H25N2O4[M+H]+的理论值369.1809;实测值369.1801
3-[3-(4-甲基-哌嗪-1-基)-丙基]-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C17H26N3O4[M+H]+的理论值336.1918;实测值336.1920
4-氧代-3-[3-(4-苯基-哌嗪-1-基)-丙基]-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C22H28N3O4[M+H]+的理论值398.2074;实测值398.2079
4-氧代-3-(3-哌啶-1-基-丙基)-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C17H25N2O4[M+H]+的理论值321.1809;实测值321.1812
3-(3-[1,4']联哌啶-1'-基-丙基)-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C22H34N3O4[M+H]+的理论值404.2544;实测值404.2540
3-[3-(2,6-二甲基-哌啶-1-基)-丙基]-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C19H29N2O4[M+H]+的理论值349.2122;实测值349.2119
4-氧代-3-[1-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-哌啶-4-基]-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C19H27N2O5的理论值[M+H]+363.1914;实测值363.1920
3-(1-苄基-哌啶-4-基)-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C21H25N2O4[M+H]+的理论值369.1809;实测值369.1799
3-[2-(1-苄基-哌啶-4-基)-乙基]-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C23H29N2O4[M+H]+的理论值397.2122;实测值397.2127
3-[3-(4-苄基-哌啶-1-基)-丙基]-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
HRMS(ESI+):C24H31N2O4[M+H]+的理论值411.2278;实测值411.2283
3-(1-环己基-哌啶-4-基)-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 11.98(br.s.,1H),6.58(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),6.44(dd,J=5.6,1.6Hz,1H),4.97(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),4.00-4.11(m,1H),3.96(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),3.55(d,J=11.0Hz 1H),3.38-3.48(m,2H),3.04-3.2(m,3H),2.79(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),2.48(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),1.55-2.01(m,8H),1.04-1.44(m,6H).
HRMS(ESI+):C20H29N2O4[M+H]+的理论值361.2122;实测值361.2129
步骤o
3-氧代-2-哌啶-4-基-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸盐酸盐(XIX)[n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基]
将3-(1-叔丁氧基羰基-哌啶-4-基)-4-氧代-10-氧杂-3-氮杂-三环[5.2.1.0*1,5*]癸-8-烯-6-甲酸(XVII)(6.35g,16.8mmol)溶于37%盐酸(80mL),将得到的溶液回流3h。减压除去溶剂,用甲醇稀释残余物,滗析,得到期望的产物(XIX),为白色固体(4.06g,82%)。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.95-2.12(m,4H),3.01-3.18(m,2H),3.36-3.45(m,2H),4.36-4.46(m,1H),4.72(s,2H),7.85(dd,J=7.7,7.5Hz,1H),7.95(dd,J=7.5,0.8Hz,1H),8.17(dd,J=7.7,0.8Hz,1H),8.53(br.s.,1H),8.79(br.s.,1H),15.86(s,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C14H17N2O3[M+H]+的理论值261.1234;实测值261.1222
按照类似方式操作,但使用适当取代的原料(XVII),得到如下化合物:
2-苄基-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C16H14NO3[M+H]+的理论值268.0968;实测值268.0972
3-氧代-2-苯乙基-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C17H16NO3[M+H]+的理论值282.1125;实测值282.1131
2-[2-(3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基)-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C20H21N2O3[M+H]+的理论值337.1547;实测值337.1541
3-氧代-2-(2-哌啶-1-基-乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C16H21N2O3[M+H]+的理论值288.1547;实测值288.1552
2-(2-吗啉-4-基-乙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C15H19N2O4[M+H]+的理论值291.1339;实测值291.1335
2-(3-吗啉-4-基-丙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C16H21N2O4[M+H]+的理论值305.1496;实测值305.1492
2-[2-(3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-基)-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C20H21N2O3[M+H]+的理论值337.1547;实测值337.1549
3-氧代-2-(3-苯基-丙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C18H18NO3[M+H]+的理论值296.1281;实测值296.1290
3-氧代-2-(2-吡啶-2-基-乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C16H15N2O3[M+H]+的理论值283.1077;实测值283.1080
2-[3-(3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C21H23N2O3[M+H]+的理论值351.1703;实测值351.1706
2-[3-(3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C21H23N2O3[M+H]+的理论值351.1703;实测值351.1699
2-[3-(4-甲基-哌嗪-1-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C17H24N3O3[M+H]+的理论值318.1812;实测值318.1820
3-氧代-2-[3-(4-苯基-哌嗪-1-基)-丙基]-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C22H26N3O3[M+H]+的理论值380.1969;实测值380.1971
3-氧代-2-(3-哌啶-1-基-丙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C17H23N2O3[M+H]+的理论值303.1703;实测值303.1702
2-(3-[1,4']联哌啶-1'-基-丙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C22H32N3O3[M+H]+的理论值386.2438;实测值386.2442
2-[3-(2,6-二甲基-哌啶-1-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C19H27N2O3[M+H]+的理论值331.2016;实测值331.2011
3-氧代-2-[1-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-哌啶-4-基]-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C19H25N2O4[M+H]+的理论值345.1809;实测值345.1816
2-(1-苄基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C21H23N2O3[M+H]+的理论值351.1703;实测值351.1708
2-[2-(1-苄基-哌啶-4-基)-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C23H27N2O3[M+H]+的理论值379.2016;实测值379.2020
2-[3-(4-苄基-哌啶-1-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C24H29N2O3[M+H]+的理论值393.2173;实测值393.2177
2-(1-环己基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)
HRMS(ESI+):C20H27N2O3[M+H]+的理论值343.2016;实测值343.2019
步骤q
2-(1-叔丁氧基羰基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)[n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;X=叔丁氧基羰基]
向3-氧代-2-哌啶-4-基-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(3.9g,13.2mmol)在吡啶(15mL)中的溶液中依次加入碳酸钾(3.6g,26.5mmol)和甲醇(40mL)。然后加入二碳酸二叔丁酯(3.16g,14.5mmol),将该反应混合物在室温搅拌4h,直到HPLC分析揭示出原料消失。减压除去溶剂,将残余物溶于二氯甲烷。用5%硫酸氢钾将该溶液洗涤2次,用Na2SO4干燥有机相,真空浓缩。用乙醚稀释得到的粗产物,滗析,得到标题化合物(3.7g,78%),为白色固体。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.42(s,9H),1.04-1.74(m,2H),1.80-1.88(m,2H),2.89(br.s.,2H),4.04-4.12(m,2H),4.23-4.32(m,1H),4.73(s,2H),7.83(dd,J=7.5,0.8Hz,1H),7.91(dd,J=7.5,0.8Hz,1H),8.17(dd,J=7.7,0.8Hz,1H),16.03(br.s.,1H).
步骤p
4-(7-氨基甲酰基-1-氧代-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基)-哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯(XX)[n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;X=叔丁氧基羰基]
方法A:向2-(1-叔丁氧基羰基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)(3.7g,10.3mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(60mL)中的溶液中加入羟基苯并三唑铵盐(3.15g,20.7mmol)、1-乙基-3-(3’-二甲基氨基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(3.34g,20.7mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(5.3mL,30.9mmol)。将该反应混合物在室温搅拌过夜。减压除去溶剂,将残余物溶于乙酸乙酯。用饱和碳酸钠水溶液将该溶液洗涤2次,用无水硫酸钠干燥有机相,真空浓缩。通过快速色谱法纯化粗产物(二氯甲烷/甲醇97:3),得到标题化合物(2.74g,74%),为白色固体。
方法B:将2-(1-叔丁氧基羰基-哌啶-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酸(XVIII)(5.5g,15.3mmol)和羰基二咪唑(3.7g,22.8mmol)在无水四氢呋喃(80mL)中的溶液在室温搅拌4h。然后加入浓氨水(25mL),将该反应混合物在室温静置,直到原料消失(3h)。减压蒸发溶剂,不经任何进一步纯化使用得到的粗伯酰胺(1.1g,20%)。
HRMS(ESI+):C19H26N3O4[M+H]+的理论值360.1918;实测值360.1921
根据方法A操作,但使用适当取代的原料,得到如下化合物:
2-苄基-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 1
[R=H;n=1;R1=苯基;m=0;R2=不存在]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.72-1.88(m,4H),2.04-2.13(m,2H),2.88-2.96(m,2H),3.51(s,2H),4.00-4.11(m,1H),4.56(s,2H),7.20-7.30(m,1H),7.31-7.37(m,4H),7.66(br.s.,1H),7.71(dd,J=7.6,7.4Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J=7.6,1.5Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.4,1.5Hz,1H),10.72(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C16H15N2O2[M+H]+的理论值267.1128;实测值267.1120
3-氧代-2-苯乙基-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 2
[R=H;n=2;R1=苯基;m=0;R2=不存在]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 2.97(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),3.82(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),4.49(s,2H),7.17-7.24(m,1H),7.24-7.32(m,4H),7.66(br.s.,1H),7.70(dd,J=7.5,7.3Hz,1H),7.74(dd,J=7.5,1.5Hz,1H),8.19(dd,J=7.3,1.5Hz,1H),10.68(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C17H15N2O2[M+H]+的理论值281.1285;实测值281.1295
2-[2-(3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基)-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 3
[R=H;n=2;R1=3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基;m=0;R2=不存在]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 2.73-2.84(m,6H),3.65(s,2H),3.81(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),4.65(s,2H),7.00-7.12(m,4H),7.66(br.s.,1H),7.69(dd,J=7.6,7.7Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J=7.6,1.2Hz,1H),8.19(dd,J=7.7,1.2Hz,1H),10.75(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C20H23N3O2[M+H]+的理论值336.1707;实测值336.1722
3-氧代-2-(2-哌啶-1-基-乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 4
[R=H;n=2;R1=哌啶-1-基;m=0;R2=不存在]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.33-1.40(m,2H),1.43-1.50(m,4H),2.35-2.43(m,4H),2.54(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.68(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),4.63(s,2H),7.66(br.s.,1H),7.72(dd,J=7.7,7.4Hz,1H),7.78(dd,J=7.4,1.2Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.7,1.2Hz,1H),10.75(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C16H22N3O2[M+H]+的理论值288.1707;实测值288.1712
2-(2-吗啉-4-基-乙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 5
[R=H;n=2;R1=吗啉-4-基;m=0;R2=不存在]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 2.41-2.46(m,4H),2.59(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.52-3.57(m,4H),3.71(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),4.64(s,2H),7.66(br.s.,1H),7.72(dd,J=7.7,7.6Hz,1H),7.78(dd,J=7.6,1.3Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.7,1.3Hz,1H),10.73(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C15H20N3O3[M+H]+的理论值290.1499;实测值290.1507
2-(3-吗啉-4-基-丙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 6
[R=H;n=3;R1=吗啉-4-基;m=0;R2=不存在]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.80(五重峰,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.28-2.38(m,6H),3.47-3.54(m,4H),3.61(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.58(s,2H),7.65(br.s.,1H),7.71(dd,J=7.6,7.4Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=7.4,1.2Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.6,1.2Hz,1H),10.76(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C16H22N3O3[M+H]+的理论值304.1656;实测值304.1664
2-[2-(3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-基)-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 7
[R=H;n=2;R1=3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-基;m=0;R2=不存在]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.79-1.89(m,2H),2.64-2.70(m,2H),3.27-3.31(m,2H),3.56(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.76(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.65(s,2H),6.44-6.49(m,1H),6.70-6.75(m,1H),6.85-6.89(m,1H),6.92-6.97(m,1H),7.69(br.s.,1H),7.72(dd,J=7.6,7.6Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=7.6,1.3Hz 1H),8.20(dd,J=7.6,1.3Hz,1H),10.68(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C20H22N3O2[M+H]+的理论值336.1707;实测值336.1692
3-氧代-2-(3-苯基-丙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 17
[R=H;n=3;R1=苯基;m=0;R2=不存在]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.97(五重峰,J=7.9Hz,2H),2.64(t,J=7.9Hz2H),3.61(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),4.59(s,2H),7.15-7.20(m,1H),7.23-7.31(m,4H),7.67(br.s.,1H),7.72(dd,J=7.6,7.4Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=7.6,1.5Hz,1H),8.21(dd,J=7.4,1.5Hz,1H),10.74(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C18H19N2O2[M+H]+的理论值295.1441;实测值295.1433
3-氧代-2-(2-吡啶-2-基-乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 18
[R=H;n=2;R1=吡啶-2-基;m=0;R2=不存在]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 3.12(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),3.96(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),4.52(s,2H),7.23(ddd,J=7.5,4.9,1.2Hz,1H),7.32(ddd,J=7.8,1.2,0.8Hz,1H),7.65(br.s.,1H),7.71(m,1H),7.70(dd,J=7.6,7.4Hz,1H),7.75(dd,J=7.6,1.3Hz,1H),8.19(dd,J=7.4,1.3Hz,1H),8.48(ddd,J=4.9,1.8,0.8Hz,1H),10.66(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C16H16N3O2[M+H]+的理论值282.1237;实测值282.1243
2-[3-(3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 19
[R=H;n=3;R1=3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基;m=0;R2=不存在]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.92(五重峰,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.52(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.64-2.70(m,2H),2.76-2.82(m,2H),3.57(s,2H),3.64(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),4.60(s,2H),7.00-7.70(m,4H),7.66(br.s.,1H),7.70(dd,J=7.6,7.4Hz,1H),7.75(dd,J=7.4,1.3Hz,1H),8.19(dd,J=7.6,1.3Hz,1H),10.76(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C21H24N3O2[M+H]+的理论值350.1863;实测值350.1866
2-[3-(3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 20
[R=H;n=3;R1=3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-基;m=0;R2=不存在]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.80-1.87(m,2H),1.90(五重峰,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.65(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.22-3.26(m,2H),3.27-3.30(m与水信号重叠,2H),3.64(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.59(s,2H),6.42-6.47(m,1H),6.54-6.58(m,1H),6.83-6.87(m,1H),6.89-6.94(m,1H),7.67(br.s.,1H),7.72(dd,J=7.6,7.6Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=7.6,1.3Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.6,1.3Hz,1H),10.72(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C21H24N3O2[M+H]+的理论值350.1863;实测值350.1868
2-[3-(4-甲基-哌嗪-1-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 21
[R=H;n=3;R1=4-甲基-哌嗪-1-基;m=0;R2=不存在]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.80(五重峰,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.11(s,3H),2.15-2.43(br.s.,8H),2.33(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.60(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.58(s,2H),7.66(br.s.,1H),7.72(dd,J=7.6,7.4Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=7.6,1.3Hz,1H),8.21(dd,J=7.4,1.3Hz,1H),10.79(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C17H25N4O2[M+H]+的理论值317.1972;实测值317.1975
3-氧代-2-[3-(4-苯基-哌嗪-1-基)-丙基]-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 22
[R=H;n=3;R1=哌嗪-1-基;m=0;R2=4-苯基]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.85(五重峰,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.39(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.02-3.10(m,4H),3.63(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.60(s,2H),6.75(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.89(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.19(dd,J=7.9,7.3Hz,2H),7.66(br.s.,1H),7.70(dd,J=7.7,7.4Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J=7.4,1.2Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.7,1.2Hz,1H),10.78(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C22H27N4O2[M+H]+的理论值379.2129;实测值379.2145
3-氧代-2-(3-哌啶-1-基-丙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺盐酸盐(I),cpd25
[R=H;n=3;R1=哌啶-1-基;m=0;R2=不存在]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.29(m,1H),1.50-1.73(m,3H),1.75-1.85(m,2H),2.00-2.09(m,2H),2.79-2.92(m,2H),3.03-3.14(m,2H),3.40-3.50(m,2H),3.66(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),4.59(s,2H),7.71(br.s.,1H),7.74(dd,J=7.6,7.4Hz,1H),7.80(dd,J=7.4,1.1Hz,1H),8.21(dd,J=7.6,1.1Hz,1H),8.93(br.s.,1H),10.58(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C17H24N3O2[M+H]+的理论值302.1863;实测值302.1865
2-(3-[1,4']联哌啶-1'-基-丙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺二盐酸盐(I),cpd 26
[R=H;n=3;R1=哌啶-1-基;m=0;R2=4-哌啶-1-基]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.33-1.49(m,1H),1.57-1.74(m,3H),1.74-1.94(m,4H),1.95-2.13(m,2H),2.16-2.30(m,2H),2.87-3.72(m,11H),3.66(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),4.59(s,2H),7.72(br.s.,1H),7.75(dd,J=7.6,6.7Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),8.21(dd,J=7.6,1.2Hz,1H),9.38(br.s.,2H),10.58(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C22H33N4O2[M+H]+的理论值385.2598;实测值385.2611
2-[3-(2,6-二甲基-哌啶-1-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺盐酸盐(I),cpd 27
[R=H;n=3;R1=2,6-二甲基-哌啶-1-基;m=0;R2=不存在]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.25(d,J=6.3Hz,6H),1.40-1.55(m,3H),1.80-1.91(m,2H),1.95-2.05(m,2H),3.02-3.46(m,4H),3.68(m,2H),4.63(s,2H),7.70(br.s.,1H),7.74(dd,J=7.6,7.6Hz,1H),7.80(dd,J=7.6,1.2Hz,1H),8.21(dd,J=7.6,1.2Hz,1H),8.72(br.s.,1H),10.58(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C19H28N3O2[M+H]+的理论值330.2176;实测值330.2176
3-氧代-2-[1-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-哌啶-4-基]-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 28
[R=H;n=m=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;R2=1-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.38-1.50(m,2H),1.65-1.72(m,2H),1.73-1.81(m,4H),2.18-2.28(m,2H),2.43-2.47(m,1H),2.97-3.04(m,2H),3.30(m与水信号重叠,2H),3.89(dd,J=11.1,3.9Hz,2H),4.02(m,1H),4.55(s,2H),7.66(br.s.,1H),7.71(dd,J=7.6,7.4Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J=7.4,1.5Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.6,1.5Hz,1H),10.74(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C19H26N3O3[M+H]+的理论值344.1969;实测值344.1962
2-(1-苄基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 30
[R=H;n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;m=1;R2=苯基]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.70-1.88(m,4H),1.99-2.13(m,2H),2.89-2.96(m,2H),3.51(s,2H),4.00-4.11(m,1H),4.56(s,2H),7.20-7.30(m,1H),7.30-7.36(m,4H),7.66(br.s.,1H),7.71(dd,J=7.6,7.4Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J=7.6,1.5Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.4,1.5Hz,1H),10.72(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C21H24N3O2[M+H]+的理论值350.1863;实测值350.1874
2-[2-(1-苄基-哌啶-4-基)-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺盐酸盐(I),cpd 31
[R=H;n=2;R1=哌啶-4-基;m=1;R2=苯基]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.29-1.41(m,2H),1.43-1.54(m,1H),1.56-1.64(m,2H),1.92-2.00(m,2H),2.83-2.96(m,2H),3.30(m与水信号重叠,2H),3.61(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),4.25(d,J=5.1Hz,2H),4.57(s,2H),7.47(s,5H),7.69(br.s.,1H),7.72(dd,J=7.6,7.4Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=7.4,1.3Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.6,1.3Hz,1H),9.22(br.s.,1H),10.68(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C23H28N3O2[M+H]+的理论值378.2176;实测值378.2178
2-[3-(4-苄基-哌啶-1-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 32
[R=H;n=3;R1=哌啶-1-基;m=1;R2=苯基]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.93-1.12(m,2H),1.34-1.53(m,3H),1.68-1.82(m,4H),2.22-2.33(m,2H),2.41(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.75-2.85(m,2H),3.59(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),4.56(s,2H),7.09-7.14(m,2H),7.14-7.19(m,1H),7.23-7.29(m,2H),7.65(br.s.,1H),7.72(dd,J=7.4,7.4Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=7.4,1.3Hz,1H),8.21(dd,J=7.4,1.3Hz,1H),10.78(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C24H30N3O2[M+H]+的理论值392.2333;实测值392.2346
步骤i’
3-氧代-2-哌啶-4-基-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺盐酸盐(XXI)
[n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基]
将4-(7-氨基甲酰基-1-氧代-1,3-二氢-异吲哚-2-基)-哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯(XX)(2.7g,7.5mmol)在4M盐酸的二噁烷溶液(18mL,75mmol)中的溶液在50℃搅拌2h,直到HPLC分析揭示出原料消失。减压除去溶剂,将产物溶于乙醚,过滤,得到标题化合物(2.09g,95%),为其盐酸盐。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.93-2.09(m,4H),3.03-3.17(m,2H),3.35-3.48(m与水信号重叠,2H),4.32-4.45(m,1H),4.56(s,2H),7.71(br.s.,1H),7.75(dd,J=7.5,7.5Hz,1H),7.82(dd,J=7.5,1.1Hz 1H),8.21(dd,J=7.5,1.1Hz,1H),8.59(br.s.,1H),8.82(br.s.,1H),10.58(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C14H18N3O2[M+H]+的理论值260.1394;实测值260.1398
步骤l’
2-(1-环己基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 11
[R=H;n=m=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;R2=1-环己基]
方法A:向3-氧代-2-哌啶-4-基-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺盐酸盐(56mg,0.19mmol)在二氯甲烷(2mL)中的混悬液中加入环己酮(XIV)(27.5mg,0.28mmol)。乙酸钠(32mg,0.38mmol)和甲醇(0.3mL)。将得到的溶液在室温搅拌5h。然后加入氰基硼氢化钠(13mg,0.21mmol),将该混合物搅拌过夜。减压除去溶剂,将残余物溶于二氯甲烷,用水洗涤2次。用Na2SO4干燥有机相,真空浓缩,通过快速色谱法纯化残余物(二氯甲烷/甲醇95:5),得到27mg(40%)2-(1-环己基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺。
方法B:向2-哌啶-4-基-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺盐酸盐(4.4g,14.8mmol)和环己酮(2.2g,22.45mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(100mL)中的溶液中加入冰醋酸(4.5mL)和三乙酰氧基硼氢化四甲基铵(11.8g,44.85mmol)。将得到的溶液在室温搅拌过夜。
然后减压蒸发溶剂,用8%氨水溶液稀释得到的残余物,用乙酸乙酯萃取。用无水硫酸钠干燥有机相,浓缩。通过快速色谱法纯化粗产物(二氯甲烷/甲醇95:5),随后溶于少量甲醇,用乙醚沉淀。过滤沉淀,用乙醚洗涤,得到1.77g期望的产物,为白色固体(35%)。
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.00-1.14(m,1H),1.14-1.32(m,4H),1.55-1.62(m,1H),1.70-1.80(m,8H),2.25-2.37(m,3H),2.88-2.98(m,2H),3.95-4.06(m,1H),4.55(s,2H),7.66(br.s.,1H),7.71(dd,J=7.6,7.6Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J=7.6,1.5Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.6,1.5Hz,1H),10.74(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C20H28N3O2[M+H]+的理论值342.2176;实测值342.2175
根据方法A操作,但使用适当取代的原料(XIV),得到如下化合物:
3-氧代-2-(1-吡啶-4-基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 8
[R=H;n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;m=1;R2=吡啶-4-基]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.75-1.92(m,4H),2.11-2.22(m,2H),2.88-2.95(m,2H),3.56(s,2H),4.02-4.14(m,1H),4.58(s,2H),7.33-7.38(m,2H),7.68(br.s.,1H),7.73(dd,J=7.6,7.6Hz,1H),7.78(dd,J=7.6,1.51H),8.21(dd,J=7.6,1.4Hz,1H),8.51-8.55(m,2H),10.72(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C20H23N4O2[M+H]+的理论值351.1816;实测值351.1817
3-氧代-2-(1-噻吩-2-基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 9
[R=H;n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;m=1;R2=噻吩-2-基]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.73-1.88(m,4H),2.06-2.20(m,2H),2.94-3.03(m,2H),3.73(s,2H),4.01-4.11(m,1H),4.58(s,2H),6.96-7.00(m,2H),7.42-7.46(m,1H),7.67(br.s.,1H),7.72(dd,J=7.6,7.4Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=7.6,1.5Hz,1H),8.21(dd,J=7.4,1.5Hz,1H),10.72(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C19H22N3O2S[M+H]+的理论值356.1427;实测值356.1430
3-氧代-2-(1-吡啶-3-基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 10
[R=H;n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;m=1;R2=吡啶-3-基]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.70-1.80(m,4H),2.08-2.18(m,2H),2.87-2.96(m,2H),3.55(s,2H),4.01-4.12(m,1H),4.56(s,2H),7.37(dd,J=7.7,4.8Hz 1H),7.66(br.s.,1H),7.71(t,J=7.7,7.4Hz,1H),7.73(信号与其它信号重叠,1H),7.76(dd,J=7.7,1.3Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.4,1.3Hz,1H),8.48(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),8.52(s,1H),10.71(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C20H23N4O2[M+H]+的理论值351.1816;实测值351.1822
2-(1-呋喃-2-基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 12
[R=H;n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;m=1;R2=fur-2-基]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.70-1.87(m,4H),2.07-2.16(m,2H),2.90-2.97(m,1H),3.53(s,2H),3.98-4.06(m,1H),4.55(s,2H),6.30(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),6.41(dd,J=2.4,1.8Hz,1H),7.59(br.s.,1H),7.66(br.s.,1H),7.71(dd,J=7.6,7.4Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J=7.4,1.3Hz,1H),8.19(dd,J=7.6,1.3Hz,1H),10.71(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C19H22N3O3[M+H]+的理论值340.1656;实测值340.1651
3-氧代-2-(1-噻吩-3-基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 13
[R=H;n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;m=1;R2=噻吩-3-基]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.72-1.90(m,4H),2.00-2.12(m,2H),2.90-2.99(m,2H),3.53(s,2H),4.00-4.09(m,1H),4.57(s,2H)7.08(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),7.33(br.s.,1H),7.49(dd,J=4.6,2.8Hz,1H),7.67(br.s.,1H),7.72(dd,J=7.6,7.4Hz,1H),7.75(dd,J=7.6,1.3,1H),8.21(dd,J=7.4,1.3Hz,1H),10.73(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C19H22N3O2S[M+H]+的理论值356.1427;实测值356.1432
2-(1-呋喃-3-基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 14
[R=H;n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;m=1;R2=fur-3-基]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.72-1.89(m,4H),2.02-2.12(m,2H),2.90-3.02(m,2H),3.37(s,2H),4.00-4.10(m,1H),4.56(s,2H),6.45(s,1H),7.58(s,1H),7.62(s,1H),7.67(br.s.,1H),7.72(dd,J=7.6,7.4Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J=7.4,1.5Hz,1H),8.21(dd,J=7.6,1.5Hz,1H),10.73(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C19H22N3O3[M+H]+的理论值340.1656;实测值340.1649
3-氧代-2-(1-吡啶-2-基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 15
[R=H;n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;m=1;R2=吡啶-2-基]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.74-1.93(m,4H),2.12-2.28(m,2H),2.91-3.00(m,2H),3.65(s,2H),4.02-4.13(m,1H),4.58(s,2H),7.28(dd,J=6.8,4.8Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.67(br.s.,1H),7.73(dd,J=7.4,7.4Hz,1H),7.76-7.83(m,2H),8.21(dd,J=7.4,1.3Hz,1H),8.51(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),10.73(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C20H23N4O2[M+H]+的理论值351.1816;实测值351.1815
3-氧代-2-[1-(1H-吡咯-2-基甲基)-哌啶-4-基]-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd 16
[R=H;n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;m=1;R2=1H-吡咯-2-基]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.70-1.88(m,4H),1.96-2.09(m,2H),2.88-2.99(m,2H),3.44(s,2H),3.94-4.09(m,1H),4.55(s,2H),5.89(br.s.,1H),5.94(br.s.,1H),6.65(br.s.,1H),7.67(br.s.,1H),7.72(dd,J=7.6,7.4Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=7.6,1.3Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.4,1.3Hz,1H),10.65(br.s.,1H),10.73(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C19H23N4O2[M+H]+的理论值339.1816;实测值339.1812
2-(1-环丙基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺(I),cpd24
[R=H;n=0;R1=哌啶-4-基;m=1;R2=环丙基]
1H NMR(400.5MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.06-0.12(m,2H),0.44-0.50(m,2H),0.80-0.89(m,1H),1.72-1.88(m,4H),2.00-2.11(m,2H),2.21(d,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.04-3.13(m,2H),3.98-4.09(m,1H),4.56(s,2H),7.66(br.s.,1H),7.72(dd,J=7.6,7.6Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=7.6,1.2Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.6,1.2Hz,1H),10.73(br.s.,1H).
HRMS(ESI+):C18H24N3O2[M+H]+的理论值314.1863;实测值314.1860
Claims (14)
1.式(I)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中:
R是氢或氟;且
n、m、R1和R2具有如下含义:
a)n是0且m是0或1;
R1是哌啶基;且
R2是环丙基或环己基;
或c)n是2或3且m是0;
R1是4-至6-元杂环基、芳基或杂芳基,它们各自任选地进一步被一个或多个直链或支链(C1-C6)-烷基取代;且
R2不存在;或
当R是氢时,n是0且m是1;
R1是哌啶基;且
R2是吡咯或吡啶基。
2.权利要求1的式(I)的化合物,其特征在于
c)n是2或3,且m是0;
R1是6-元杂环基,任选地进一步被一个或多个直链或支链(C1-C6)-烷基取代;且
R2不存在。
3.权利要求1的式(I)的化合物,其特征在于:
a)n是0且m是0或1;
当m是0,R1是哌啶基,且R2是环己基环;
当m是1,R是氢,R1是哌啶基,且R2是吡啶环。
4.式(I)的化合物,选自:
3-氧代-2-苯乙基-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
2-[2-(3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基)-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
3-氧代-2-(2-哌啶-1-基-乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
2-(2-吗啉-4-基-乙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
2-(3-吗啉-4-基-丙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
2-[2-(3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-基)-乙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
2-(1-环己基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
3-氧代-2-(1-吡啶-2-基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
3-氧代-2-[1-(1H-吡咯-2-基甲基)-哌啶-4-基]-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
2-[3-(3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
2-[3-(3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
2-[3-(4-甲基-哌嗪-1-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
6-氟-2-(3-吗啉-4-基-丙基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
2-(1-环丙基甲基-哌啶-4-基)-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
3-氧代-2-(3-哌啶-1-基-丙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
2-[3-(2,6-二甲基-哌啶-1-基)-丙基]-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;和
2-(1-环己基-哌啶-4-基)-6-氟-3-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-甲酰胺;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
5.制备权利要求1的式(I)的化合物的方法,该方法包含下列步骤顺序之一:
顺序A:
步骤h)通过与式(XIII)的适合的胺反应环化得到的式(V)的化合物:
其中T是(C1-C6)-烷基或芳基-(C1-C6)-烷基,所述式(XIII)的适合的胺为:
X-R1-[CH2]n-NH2 (XIII)
其中R1和n如权利要求1中所定义,且X是R2-[CH2]m-,其中R2和m如权利要求1中所定义;或当R1是含氮杂环基时,X是适合的氮保护基;
步骤c’)水解得到的式(IV)的化合物:
其中R1、n和X如上述所定义,以便得到:
如权利要求1中所定义的式(I)的化合物,此时X是R2-[CH2]m-,其中R2和m如权利要求1中所定义;或
式(III)的化合物,此时R1是含氮杂环基,且X是适合的氮保护基,
其中n如上述所定义,R1是含氮杂环基,且X是适合的氮保护基;
步骤i)使如上述所定义的式(III)的化合物脱保护,以便得到:
如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物;或
式(II)的化合物:
其中R1和n如上述所定义;
步骤l)用式(XIV)的适合的烷化剂使得到的如上述所定义的式(II)的化合物烷基化,
R2-[CH2]m’-1-Y (XIV)
其中Y是甲酰基;或当m’=1时,式(XIV)化合物为R2-Y的情况下,Y是通过双键连接至R2的氧原子(=O),以便得到如上所定义的式(I)的化合物;或
顺序B:
步骤m)用式(XIII)的适合的胺对呋喃-2-甲醛(XV)进行还原氨基化:
X-R1-[CH2]n-NH2 (XIII)
其中R1和n如上述所定义,且X是R2-[CH2]m-,其中R2和m如上述所定义;或当R1是含氮杂环基时,X是适合的氮保护基;
步骤n)对得到的式(XVI)的化合物进行狄尔斯-阿德耳反应:
其中R1、n和X如上述所定义;
步骤o)使得到的式(XVII)的化合物芳化:
其中R1、n和X如上述所定义;
步骤p)使得到的式(XVIII)的化合物酰胺化:
其中R1、n和X如上述所定义,以便得到
如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物,此时X是R2-[CH2]m-,其中R2和m如上述所定义;或
式(XX)的化合物,此时R1是含氮杂环基,且X是适合的氮保护基,
其中n如上述所定义,R1是含氮杂环基,且X是适合的氮保护基;
步骤i’)使如上述所定义的式(XX)的化合物脱保护;
步骤l’)用式(XIV)的适合的烷化剂使得到的式(XXI)的化合物烷基化:
其中R1和n如上述所定义,所述式(XIV)的适合的烷化剂为:
R2-[CH2]m’-1-Y (XIV)
其中Y是甲酰基;或当m’=1时,式(XIV)化合物为R2-Y的情况下,Y是通过双键连接至R2的氧原子(=O),以便得到如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物;
此外,在步骤o过程的情况中,从式(XVII)的化合物芳化得到的化合物是式(XIX)的化合物,即当X是不稳定的氮保护基时,进行如下步骤q:
步骤q)在得到的式(XIX)的化合物上安装适合的氮保护基:
其中R1和n如上述所定义,以便得到式(XVIII)的化合物,其中R1和n如上述所定义,且X是适合的氮保护基,然后进行上述反应p)、i’)和l’)的顺序,以便得到如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物。
6.用于选择性地抑制PARP-1蛋白活性的体外方法,包含使所述蛋白接触有效量的如权利要求1中所定义的式(I)的化合物。
7.药物组合物,包含治疗有效量的如权利要求1中所定义的式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂、载体或稀释剂。
8.权利要求7的药物组合物,还包含一种或多种化疗剂。
9.权利要求8的药物组合物,其中所述化疗剂是烷化剂。
10.权利要求9的药物组合物,其中所述烷化剂是替莫唑胺。
11.产品,包含如权利要求1中所定义的式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和一种或多种化疗剂,其作为组合制剂用于同时、单独或依次用于抗癌疗法中。
12.权利要求11的产品,其中所述化疗剂是烷化剂。
13.权利要求12的产品,其中所述烷化剂是替莫唑胺。
14.如权利要求1中所定义的式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备具有抗癌活性的药剂中的用途。
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