CN104744693B - 聚合物与分散液 - Google Patents
聚合物与分散液 Download PDFInfo
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 aminoalkyl pyrrolidones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium sulfide Chemical compound [Cd]=S CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000684 Cobalt-chrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010952 cobalt-chrome Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIBMHJPPKCXONB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-2,2-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)O CIBMHJPPKCXONB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJORCZCMNWLHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-aminopropyl)pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound NCCCN1CCCC1=O HJORCZCMNWLHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXDJCCTWPBKUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminophenyl)-(4-imino-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]aniline;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC(=N)C(C)=CC1=C(C=1C=CC(N)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 AXDJCCTWPBKUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108700032487 GAP-43-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- MUCRYNWJQNHDJH-OADIDDRXSA-N Ursonic acid Chemical compound C1CC(=O)C(C)(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@]5(C(O)=O)CC[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)[C@H]5C4=CC[C@@H]3[C@]21C MUCRYNWJQNHDJH-OADIDDRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Cu] Chemical compound [Cr].[Cu] GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUNAPVYQLLNFOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Pb++].[Pb++].[Pb++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Pb++].[Pb++].[Pb++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O AUNAPVYQLLNFOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- USEGQPUGEPSVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pr].[Zr] Chemical compound [Pr].[Zr] USEGQPUGEPSVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- RIVZIMVWRDTIOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Co].[Co].[Co] RIVZIMVWRDTIOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNSIWZRTNZEWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Co] NNSIWZRTNZEWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229940051250 hexylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HEQBUZNAOJCRSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(ii) chromite Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Fe+3] HEQBUZNAOJCRSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FPSFKBGHBCHTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium 3-hydroxy-4-[(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C(N=NC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C(=CC=2O)S(O)(=O)=O)C(C)=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 FPSFKBGHBCHTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CZIRZNRQHFVCDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L titan yellow Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=C(C)C(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C2SC(C3=CC=C(C=C3)/N=N/NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C3=NC4=CC=C(C(=C4S3)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)=NC2=C1 CZIRZNRQHFVCDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供的聚合物,具有式1的结构:其中R1是C2‑18的烷撑基或C6‑18的芳撑基;R2是C1‑18的烷撑基;R3是式2的官能基:其中X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、及X6各自独立,是H或甲基,且X7是H或‑OCH3;p、q、及r各自独立,是1至10的整数;以及m与n各自独立,是1至50的整数。
Description
技术领域
本发明是关于分散剂,更特别关于其组成。
背景技术
在微粉的安定化分散中,金属微粉因内聚力强而聚集,且密度高而易沉降,导致金属微粉的分散安定难度最高。若以金属微粉作为导电浆料,金属微粉、非挥发性分散剂、黏着剂、与添加剂的用量将影响导电涂层的导电度高低。若采用金属微粉形成低黏度(4~20cps,25℃)的喷印墨水,如何使金属微粉在具备高导电度的同时,也能克服重力沉降而有高分散稳定性,分散剂扮演关键的角色。然而目前并无针对导电金属粉体分散用的分散剂技术与产品,而且针对微米级到纳米级的各种尺寸金属微粉其所需的分散剂分子大小皆不同。
综上所述,目前亟需开发针对金属微粉大小量身订作的分散剂。
发明内容
本发明一实施例提供的聚合物,具有式1的结构:
其中R1是C2-18的烷撑基或C6-18的芳撑基;R2是C1-18的烷撑基;R3是式2的官能基:
其中X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、及X6各自独立,是H或甲基,且X7是H或-OCH3;p、q、及r各自独立,是1至10的整数;以及m与n各自独立,是1至50的整数。
本发明一实施例提供的分散液,包括:100重量份的粉体;1至80重量份的分散剂,其中该分散剂是上述的聚合物;以及100至900重量份的溶剂。
具体实施方式
本发明一实施例提供的聚合物,具有式1的结构:
其中R1是C2-18的烷撑基或C6-18的芳撑基;R2是C1-18的烷撑基;R3是式2的官能基:
其中X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、及X6各自独立,是H或甲基,且X7是H或-OCH3;p、q、及r各自独立,是1至10的整数;以及m与n各自独立,是1至50的整数。
在本发明一实施例中,上述聚合物的合成方式如下。值得注意的是,下述合成方式仅用以说明而非局限本发明。本技术领域中普通技术人员白可依其实验室设备与药品商采用合适的步骤,合成式1所示的聚合物。首先,取环氧树脂置于反应瓶中,搅拌并加热至110℃至160℃。若温度过高,则环氧树脂易凝结于反应瓶壁上,导致环氧树脂比例偏离原始配制的比例。若温度过低,则环氧树脂无法融熔成液态,导致开环反应不易进行,聚合度会过低且分子量不均匀。接着将氨烷基吡咯烷酮缓缓加入反应瓶中,待完全加入后再加热至110℃至160℃反应1至6小时,控制环氧树脂∶氨烷基吡咯烷酮当量比值大于1,即可得两端为环氧基的中间产物。若反应温度过高及/或反应时间过长,则聚合物颜色会变成深褐色(产生质变)。若反应温度过低及/或反应时间过短,则不易完全反应,导致分子量过低。上述反应如式3所示。在式3中,R1、R2、与n定义同前述。在本发明一实施例中,环氧树脂可为1,6-己二醇环氧树脂(长春化工)、双酚A环氧树脂(BE-188)(长春化工)、或聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(Mn=500,购白Aldrich),氨烷基吡咯烷酮可为1-(3-氨丙基)-2-吡咯烷酮(Aldrich)。在本发明一实施例中,氨烷基吡咯烷酮与环氧树脂的摩尔比为s∶s+1,s为大于或等于1的整数,则可得到两端为环氧基的中间产物。
接着将H2NR3加入反应瓶中,于110至160℃反应1至6小时,即可得式1的产物。若反应温度过高及/或反应时间过长,则聚合物颜色易变成深褐色(产生质变)。若反应温度过低及/或反应时间过短,则不易完全反应,导致分子量过低。上述反应如式4所示。在式4中,R1、R2、R3、m与n定义同前述。在本发明一实施例中,两端为环氧基的中间产物与H2NR3的摩尔比为t∶t+1,t为大于或等于1的整数,则可得到两端为胺基的最终产物。
在本发明一实施例中,R1是己烃基;R2是丙烃基;X1是CH3,X2是H,X3是CH3,X4是H,X5是H,X6是H,且X7是-OCH3;p=1,q=9,且r=1;m是1至5的整数;且n是1至10的整数。
长链乙二醇及异丙二醇共聚物的一级胺分子H2NR3即为聚合物的溶媒端,其分子长度取决于乙二醇及异丙二醇的聚合度。溶媒端间的距离可由环氧树脂的分子量控制。聚合物中的吡咯烷酮基可作为锚钉(anchoring)基团,对金属有螯合作用。视金属微粉大小,可选择适当的溶媒端分子长度与溶媒端间距,以降低稳定分散金属微粉所需的分散剂用量,可进一步提高分散液的导电度。
在本发明一实施例中,可混合100重量份的粉体、1至80重量份的分散剂(式1所示的聚合物)、以及100至900重量份的溶剂,以形成分散液。若分散剂的用量过高,则分散液导电度下降。若分散剂的用量过低,则分散液不稳定,导电微粒易沉降。在本发明一实施例中,粉体包括金属、金属氧化物、无机颜料、或有机颜料。金属可为银、铜、金、铝、铂。金属氧化物可为二氧化钛、氧化铁、氧化锌、氧化铝、或氧化锆。无机颜料可为黄色(Yellow)无机颜料如镉黄(PY35,C.I.77205,CAS#12237-67-1)、钛镍黄(PY53,C.I.77788,CAS#8007-18-9)、镨锆黄(PY159,C.I.77997,CAS#68187-15-5)、铬钛黄(PY162,C.I.77896,CAS#68611-42-7;PY163,C.I.77897,CAS#68186-92-5)、或铋黄(PY184,C.I.771740,CAS#14059-33-7)。洋红色(Magenta)无机颜料可为铁红(PR101,C.I.77491,CAS#1317-60-8)、镉红(PR108,C.I.77202,CAS#58339-34-7)、铅铬红(PR104,C.I.77605,CAS#12656-85-8;PR105,C.I.77578,CAS#1314-41-6)或铁锆红(PR232,C.I.77996,CAS#68412-79-3)。青色(Cyan)无机颜料可为钴蓝(PB28,C.I.77364,CAS#68187-40-6)或钴铬蓝(PB36,C.I.77343,CAS#68187-11-1)。黑色(Black)无机颜料可为锰铁黑(PBK26,C.I.77494,CAS#68186-94-7;PBK33,C.I.77537,CAS#75864-23-2)、钴铁铬黑(PBK27,C.I.77502,CAS#68186-97-0)、铜铬黑(PBK28,C.I.77428,CAS#68186-91-4)、铬铁黑(PBK30,C.I.77504,CAS#71631-15-7)或钛黑(PBK35,C.I.77890,CAS#70248-09-8)。白色(White)无机颜料可为钛白(PW6,C.I.77891,CAS#13463-67-7)、锆白(PW12,C.I.77990,CAS#1314-23-4)、或锌白(PW4,C.I.77947,CAS#1314-13-2)。橘色(Orange)无机颜料可为镉橘(PO20,C.I.77199,CAS#12656-57-4)或橘铬黄(PO21,C.I.77601,CAS#1344-38-3)。绿色(Green)无机颜料可为铬绿(PG17,C.I.77288,CAS#1308-38-9)、钴绿(PG19,C.I.77335,CAS#8011-87-8)、钴铬绿(PG26,C.I.77344,CAS#68187-49-5)、或钴钛绿(PG50,C.I.77377,CAS#68186-85-6)。溶剂可为醚醇类如二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、二乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯、乙二醇丁醚、四乙二醇二甲醚、或上述的组合。在本发明一实施例中,粉体粒径介于20纳米至10微米之间。
在本发明一实施例中,上述分散液中的粉体为金属如银。前述粉体粒径可介于20纳米至10微米之间,例如介于20纳米至100纳米之间。将分散液施加至基板上后,以60℃至180℃烘烤基板上的分散液,以去除溶剂并形成导电图案。上述分散液即所谓的导电胶。由于本发明的分散剂不会大幅影响最后形成的导电图案的导电性,因此不需高温工艺以进一步去除分散剂。如此一来,上述分散液可施加至耐热性较差的基板如塑料,以进一步应用于可挠性电子组件。
在本发明一实施例中,上述分散液中的粉体为无机颜料如玻璃颜料。玻璃颜料中,黑色(Black)无机颜料可为铜铬黑(CAS#68186-91-4)、洋红色(Magenta)无机颜料可为镉红(CAS#58339-34-7)、黄色(Yellow)无机颜料可为镉黄(CAS#8007-18-9)、青色(Cyan)无机颜料可为钴蓝(CAS#68187-40-6)、白色(White)无机颜料可为钛白(CAS#13463-67-7)。将分散液施加至基板上后,以40℃至90℃烘烤基板上的分散液,以去除溶剂与分散剂并形成图案。
为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征、和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举数个实施例作详细说明如下:
实施例1-1
以氮气冲灌反应瓶,将20.00克(86.84毫摩尔)的1,6-己二醇环氧树脂置于反应瓶中,机械搅拌并升温至130℃。接着将6.17克(43.42毫摩尔)的1-(3-氨丙基)-2-吡咯烷酮慢慢加入反应瓶(约30分钟),再升温到145℃并反应2.5小时。之后于145℃下将39.0克(65.13毫摩尔)的B60加入反应瓶中,在145℃下再反应3小时。降到室温即可得到聚合物(产率99%),其外观为黄色液体。其反应过程如式5所示:
在此实施例中,式5的n=1且m=2,B-60的结构为H2N-R3,且R3的结构如式6:
经氢谱NMR测量与积分面积的计算可知,产物的数均分子量(Mn)为3200。相关光谱数据如下列:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,d,ppm):0.89~1.04(CH3),1.27,1.46(backbone CH2),1.54,1.80,2.17(AP CH2),2.25~2.70(CH2),3.13~3.65(Jeffamine CH,CH2,OCH3).13C NMR(DMSO-d6,d,ppm):17.2~17.7(m),24.6,25.7,29.4,30.6,46.5(t),50.3(d),52.7(d),58.5(t),67.7~74.47(m),173.8(AP C=O).IR(KBr):3429cm-1(O-H stretch),2967,2928,2865cm-1(C-H stretch),1668cm-1(C=O stretch).Mn(From calculating the H area):3200,n≈1,m≈2.
实施例1-2
与实施例1-1类似,差别在于1,6-己二醇环氧树脂的用量为20.00克(86.84摩尔),1-(3-氨丙基)-2-吡咯烷酮的用量为6.17克(43.42摩尔),且B60的用量为32.56克(54.27摩尔)。至于其他反应步骤与实施例1-1类似。在此实施例中,式5的n=1且m=4。经氢谱NMR测量与积分面积的计算可知,产物的数均分子量(Mn)为5580。相关光谱数据如下列:1HNMR(DMSO-d6,d,ppm):0.98~1.13(CH3),1.27,1.46(backbone CH2),1.54,1.89,2.18(AP CH2),2.25~2.85(CH2),3.14~3.70(Jeffamine CH,CH2and OCH3).13C NMR(DMSO-d6,d,ppm):17.2~17.7(m),24.6,25.7,29.4,29.7,46.4,52.7(d),52.8(d),58.5(t),67.7~74.7(m),173.8(AP C=O).IR(KBr):3422cm-1(O-H stretch),2967,2933,2865cm-1(C-Hstretch),1671cm-1(C=O stretch).Mn(From calculating the H area):5580.n≈1,m≈4.
实施例1-3
与实施例1-1类似,差别在于1,6-己二醇环氧树脂、1-(3-氨丙基)-2-吡咯烷酮、B60的不同摩尔数比,使聚合度n介于1~10、聚合度m介于1~5,其产物的数均分子量推算如表1所示(J代表B60、AP代表1-(3-氨丙基)-2-吡咯烷酮、HE代表1,6-己二醇环氧树脂)。
表1
编号 | n | m | J | AP | HE | Mn |
HEAP60-020102 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1829.3 |
HEAP60-040203 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3059.6 |
HEAP60-060304 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 4289.9 |
HEAP60-080405 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 5520.2 |
HEAP60-100506 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 6750.5 |
HEAP60-030202 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2229.3 |
HEAP60-060403 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 3859.6 |
HEAP60-090604 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 5489.9 |
HEAP60-120805 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 12 | 7120.2 |
HEAP60-151006 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 10 | 15 | 8750.5 |
HEAP60-040302 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2629.3 |
HEAP60-080603 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 4659.6 |
HEAP60-120904 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 12 | 6689.9 |
HEAP60-161205 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 12 | 16 | 8720.2 |
HEAP60-201506 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 15 | 20 | 10750.5 |
HEAP60-050402 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 3029.3 |
HEAP60-100803 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 10 | 5459.6 |
HEAP60-151204 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 12 | 15 | 7889.9 |
HEAP60-201605 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 16 | 20 | 10320.2 |
HEAP60-252006 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 20 | 25 | 12750.5 |
HEAP60-060502 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 3429.3 |
HEAP60-121003 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 12 | 6259.6 |
HEAP60-181504 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 15 | 18 | 9089.9 |
HEAP60-242005 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 20 | 24 | 11920.2 |
HEAP60-302506 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 25 | 30 | 14750.5 |
HEAP60-070602 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 3829.3 |
HEAP60-141203 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 12 | 14 | 7059.6 |
HEAP60-211804 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 18 | 21 | 10289.9 |
HEAP60-282405 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 24 | 28 | 13520.2 |
HEAP60-353006 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 30 | 35 | 16750.5 |
HEAP60-080702 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 8 | 4229.3 |
HEAP60-161403 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 14 | 16 | 7859.6 |
HEAP60-242104 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 21 | 24 | 11489.9 |
HEAP60-322805 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 28 | 32 | 15120.2 |
HEAP60-403506 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 35 | 40 | 18750.5 |
HEAP60-090802 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 9 | 4629.3 |
HEAP60-181603 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 18 | 8659.6 |
HEAP60-272404 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 27 | 12689.9 |
HEAP60-363205 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 32 | 36 | 16720.2 |
HEAP60-454006 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 40 | 45 | 20750.5 |
HEAP60-100902 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 10 | 5029.3 |
HEAP60-201803 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 18 | 20 | 9459.6 |
HEAP60-302704 | 9 | 3 | 4 | 27 | 30 | 13889.9 |
HEAP60-403605 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 36 | 40 | 18320.2 |
HEAP60-504506 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 45 | 50 | 22750.5 |
HEAP60-111002 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 11 | 5429.3 |
HEAP60-222003 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 20 | 22 | 10259.6 |
HEAP60-333004 | 10 | 3 | 4 | 30 | 33 | 15089.9 |
HEAP60-444005 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 40 | 44 | 19920.2 |
HEAP60-555006 | 10 | 5 | 6 | 50 | 55 | 24750.5 |
实施例1-4
与实施例1-1类似,固定1,6-己二醇环氧树脂与胺基分子比例为24∶25,改变1-(3-氨丙基)-2-吡咯烷酮与B60的用量,可制备高分子主链长度相同但溶媒端分支数不同的分散剂,其产物的数均分子量推算如表2所示(J代表B60、AP代表1-(3-氨丙基)-2-吡咯烷酮、HE代表1,6-己二醇环氧树脂)。
表2
n | m | J | AP | HE | Mn | |
HEAP60-242104 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 21 | 24 | 11489.9 |
HEAP60-241807 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 18 | 24 | 12780.8 |
HEAP60-241609 | 2 | 8 | 9 | 16 | 24 | 13641.4 |
HEAP60-241213 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 24 | 15362.6 |
实施例1-5
与实施例1-1类似,固定1,6-己二醇环氧树脂、1-(3-氨丙基)-2-吡咯烷酮、与Jeffamine的比例为18∶12∶7,改变型号为B60(分子量为600)、L100(分子量为1000)、L200(分子量为2000)、L300(分子量为3000),可制备高分子主链长度相同但溶媒端长度不同的分散剂,其产物的数均分子量推算如表3所示(AP代表1-(3-氨丙基)-2-吡咯烷酮,HE代表1,6-己二醇环氧树脂,J代表商品B60、L100、L200、L300)。
表3
n | m | J | AP | HE | Mn | |
HEAP60-181207 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 12 | 18 | 10380.8 |
HEAP100-181207 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 12 | 18 | 13193.8 |
HEAP200-181207 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 12 | 18 | 20193.8 |
HEAP300-181207 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 12 | 18 | 27193.8 |
实施例2-1
分别取不同粒径的纳米银粉、二乙二醇丁醚、与编号HEAP60-040203的聚合物作为分散剂,混合后以20W的超声波振荡1小时,观察其分散现象如表4所示。在此实施例中,纳米银粉占分散液的10wt%,而分散剂/纳米银粉(D/P)的比例分别为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、与0.5。
表4
由表4可知,在固定银粉浓度的情况下,对应不同银粉粒径可挑选不同的分散剂/银粉比例以达分散效果。
比较例1-1
取0.03g的市售分散剂P-2070(BYK)、3g的银粉(1~5微米)、及6.7g的二乙二醇丁醚混合后以三滚筒分散后,涂布于玻璃基板上后置入150℃的烘箱30分钟,形成导电图案。此导电图案的片电阻、厚度、与电阻率如表5所示。
比较例1-2
取0.03g的市售分散剂P-110(购自BYK)、3g的银粉(1~5微米)、及6.7g的二乙二醇丁醚混合后以三滚筒分散后,涂布于玻璃基板上后置入150℃的烘箱30分钟,形成导电图案。此导电图案的片电阻、厚度、与电阻率如表5所示。
实施例3-1
取3g的银粉(1~5微米)、0.03g实施例HEAP60-241213的聚合物作为分散剂及6.7g的二乙二醇丁醚混合后以三滚筒分散后,涂布于玻璃基板上后置入150℃的烘箱30分钟,形成导电图案。此导电图案的片电阻、厚度、与电阻率如表5所示。
表5
片电阻(mΩ/□) | 膜厚(μm) | 电阻率(Ω·cm) | |
比较例1-1 | 105.5 | 12.8 | 1.35E-04 |
比较例1-2 | 103.0 | 12.2 | 1.26E-04 |
实施例3-1 | 103.0 | 11.0 | 1.13E-04 |
由表5可知,含有本发明的共聚物作为分散剂的微米银浆,在烘烤后具有较佳的导电性。
比较例2-1
取7.2g的中国台湾专利公告号I361812的实施例1的聚合物、3g的纳米银粉(10-40nm)、及9.8g的二乙二醇乙醚混合后,分散剂/纳米银粉(D/P)的比例为2.4,以20W的超声波振荡1小时,涂布于玻璃基板上后置入170℃的烘箱30分钟,形成导电图案。此导电图案的电阻率为10-1Ω·cm。
比较例2-2
与比较例2-1类似,差别在于烘箱温度为300℃。最后形成的导电图案的电阻率为10-5Ω·cm。
实施例4
取0.03g的实施例1-2的聚合物、3g的纳米银粉(60nm)、及6.7g的二乙二醇乙醚混合后,分散剂/纳米银粉(D/P)的比例为0.1,以20W的超声波振荡1小时,涂布于玻璃基板上后置入150℃的烘箱30分钟,形成导电图案。此导电图案的电阻率为10-5Ω·cm。
由比较例2-1与2-2及实施例4的比较可知,本发明的聚合物可取代现有分散剂。另一方面,本申请案的分散剂适用于较高浓度的纳米银粉,且在较低温烘烤下即可得高导电性的导电图案,不需高温烘烤。
实施例5
取0.6g的编号HEAP60-201506的聚合物、3g的玻璃颜料(1~10微米)、及6.4g的二乙二醇二乙醚混合后,以球磨机(Bead:0.5mm)研磨6小时,制备得玻璃颜料含量30wt%的分散液。玻璃颜料为100重量份的玻璃与50重量份的颜料,黑色无机颜料(铜铬黑,购自松江实业,料号:10400)、洋红色无机颜料(镉红化合物,购自松江实业,料号:10768)、黄色无机颜料(镉黄化合物,购自松江实业,料号:10350)、青色无机颜料(铬蓝氧化物,购自松江实业,料号:10294)、白色无机颜料(钛白,购自松江实业,料号:10900)。上述分散液中,聚合物与玻璃颜料的重量比为0.2。以动态光散粒径仪(DLS,Malvern Nano-S)测量分散液中的粉体粒径,并以白金环法(Tensiometer,KRUSS K 100)表张仪测量分散液于25℃下的表面张力,如表6所示。由外观来看,所有颜料的分散液为均匀分散而无分层现象。
表6
黄色颜料 | 桃红色颜料 | 青色颜料 | 黑色颜料 | 白色颜料 | |
平均粒径(nm) | 198 | 205 | 220 | 208 | 185 |
表面张力 | 35 | 32 | 32 | 35 | 33 |
Claims (7)
1.一种聚合物,其特征在于,具有式1的结构:
其中R1是C2-18的烷撑基或C6-18的芳撑基;
R2是C1-18的烷撑基;
R3是式2的官能基:
其中X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、及X6各自独立,是H或甲基,且X7是-OCH3;
p、q、及r各自独立,是1至10的整数;以及
m与n各自独立,是1至50的整数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚合物,其中:
R1是己撑基;
R2是丙撑基;
X1是CH3,X2是H,X3是CH3,X4是H,X5是H,X6是H,且X7是-OCH3;
p=1,q=9,且r=1;
m是1至5的整数;以及
n是1至10的整数。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚合物,其特征在于,作为粉体的分散剂。
4.一种分散液,其特征在于,包括:
100重量份的粉体;
1至80重量份的分散剂,其中该分散剂是权利要求1所述的聚合物;以及
100至900重量份的溶剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的分散液,其中该粉体包括金属、金属氧化物、无机颜料、或有机颜料的其中一种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的分散液,其中该溶剂包括二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、二乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯、乙二醇丁醚、四乙二醇二甲醚、或上述的组合。
7.根据权利要求4所述的分散液,其中该粉体的粒径介于20纳米至10微米之间。
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