CN104741369B - The method that chromium-polluted soil is repaired with molasses - Google Patents
The method that chromium-polluted soil is repaired with molasses Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Purposes and restorative procedure of a kind of molasses in chromium-polluted soil reparation, molasses are used in chromium-polluted soil reparation, specific step of repairing includes the pretreatment of chromium-polluted soil, the preparation of molasses medicament, determine the dosage of molasses medicament, the mixing of contaminated soil and molasses medicament, the reaction of contaminated soil and molasses medicament, the maintenance of soil and late detection Chromium in Soil pollutant concentration ensure stability after reparation, the present invention utilize molasses for chromium-polluted soil reparation in as biochemical reduction medicament, remediation efficiency is high, and the indigenous mushroom microorganism that is added in soil of molasses provides organic carbon source and trace element, promote the breeding metabolism of microorganism, biological prosthetic effect is strengthened;Additionally, it is molasses wide material sources, cheap, anions and canons are not introduced, soil texture is improved after reparation, is conducive to subsequent development to utilize, and can be used for large-scale engineering implementation, effectively prevents secondary pollution.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of soil remediation, and in particular to a kind of molasses chromium-polluted soil reparation in purposes and
Restorative procedure.
Background technology
At present, domestic pollution of chromium place is more and widely distributed, such as chromium plating factory, Leather Factory, chromium salt factory, especially left over by history
The place contaminated time is more long, and the content of pollutant is high in place, easily to around spreading, to local environment quality and health
Bring grave danger.The general heavy contamination of contaminated soil in pollution of chromium place, and buried depth is big, as the difficulty that soil remediation is captured
Point.Chromium-polluted soil reparation mainly has two kinds of approach:One is the existing forms for changing Chromium in Soil, makes its migration in the environment
Property and bioavailability reduction, such as curing technology, reduction stabilization technology, vitrification;Two are removed from soil
Chromium, makes its residual concentration reach reparation desired value, such as Soil leaching technology, electric repairing technique, phytoremediation technology.
In the prior art, repair medicament and be mainly ferrous sulfate, iron ammonium sulfate or sodium pyrosulfite, these material costs
High, efficiency is low and soil quality easily sustains damage after the completion of repairing;The recovery technique of use is mainly curing/stabilizing, soil
Earth drip washing, electro reclamation, phytoremediation or microorganism remediation technology etc..
Curing technology such as Publication No. " A of CN 101862749 ", entitled " the reparation side of soil polluted by chromium residue
In the patent of method ", treatment is dried to contaminated soil, and carries out broken and milled processed, then carry out solidification and stabilization,
Cumbersome, time-consuming more long, there is difficult point, and curing materials using cement, lime, plant ash etc. in quality control, pH is higher, right
Cr(VI)Solidification effect is poor, is typically only extremely difficult to Cr using curing technology(VI)Pollution risk is controlled.
Soil leaching technology such as Publication No. " CN 101708501A ", entitled " chromium-polluted soil two-stage countercurrent is washed
Wash adding medicine stabilization combined restoration method " patent, it has the limitation of itself:(1)Be not suitable for permeability it is poor,
Quality relatively glues the soil of weight;(2)Likely result in pollutant level or vertical proliferation;(3)There is recovery in the waste liquid that drip washing goes out
With post processing problem, while its process time is very long, the surfactant for being used is likely to remain in water-bearing layer, easily causes two
Secondary pollution;(4)Large area cannot be used in actual repair engineering, the relatively good eluent cost of effect is high, be adjusted in equipment
The aspects such as examination, transport, power consumption, certainly will influence its repairing efficiency and rehabilitation cost.
Electric repairing technique such as Publication No. " B of CN 102240667 ", entitled " inscription contaminated soil and underground water
The patent of electro reclamation and reduction and detoxication method ", is primarily adapted for use in hypotonicity soil, and there is more limiting factor, in work
It is difficult to hold its controllability in journey implementation process.The domestic electro reclamation research to chromium-polluted soil is that just had fragmentary in recent years
Report, and have not seen the report for carrying out on-the-ground test.It is relatively costly, complex operation that electronic electricity repairs maximum technical disadvantages,
Currently, it is difficult to be used widely in engineering practice.
Plant or microorganism remediation technology such as Publication No. " B of CN 102941224 ", it is entitled " a kind of contaminated
Patent of the biologic detoxication method of Cr VI in soil " etc., the limiting factor of phytoremediation mainly has:(1)Rehabilitation plant is to dirt
Contaminate the limitation of material patience;(2)The depth of reparation is limited, is typically limited to only the reparation of topsoil;(3)Plant growth needs suitable
Suitable environmental condition, the area that temperature is too low or other growth conditions are difficult to meet is difficult to use;(4)Rehabilitation plant growth cycle
It is general more long, it is difficult to meet demand of quick repairing polluted soil etc.;(5)Contain a large amount of Cr after reparation(VI)At the plant of pollutant
Problem is put currently without clear and definite solution.Microorganism remediation is currently in conceptual phase and without system research, is applied to
Large-scale engineering need to be investigated, though it belongs to environmental protection reparation, the microorganism remediation cycle is long, it is difficult to meet quick reparation
Demand of contaminated soil etc..
The content of the invention
Present invention aim at purposes and restorative procedure of a kind of molasses in chromium-polluted soil reparation is provided, solve existing
The reparation chemical stabilization effect that technology of repairing chromium contaminated soil is used is bad and adding of agent is higher, repair rear stability
Difference, the technical barrier for easily causing secondary pollution;Also solve existing reparation medicament be readily incorporated it is excessive reduce soil quality from
Son, cause repair after soil increase-volume than it is larger, be unfavorable for the problem that subsequent development is utilized;Additionally, also solving existing recovery technique
Complex operation, repair reagent cost it is high, be not suitable for the technical barrier of extensive soil remediation application.
To reach above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that:
A kind of purposes of molasses in chromium-polluted soil reparation is provided, the method bag of chromium-polluted soil reparation is carried out with molasses
Include following steps:
The pretreatment of step one, chromium-polluted soil:Using showering, sieved after chromium-polluted soil is excavated,
Building clinker is sifted out, it is ensured that follow-up medicament repairing effect;
The preparation of step 2, molasses medicament:Market purchasing molasses or self-control molasses are used as molasses medicament, it is ensured that molasses used
Uniform quality stabilization;
Step 3, the dosage for determining molasses medicament:Take a small amount of molasses and carry out preliminary experiment and determine that molasses add ratio, method
It is as follows:
1)Appropriate chromium-polluted soil sample difference natural air drying one week or so is taken, 5 mm stainless steels sieve is crossed;Through infrared quick
Moisture teller determines moisture content;The moisture holding capacity of pedotheque is determined using Buchner funnel;
2)Chromium-polluted soil sample 100g accurately is weighed, 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 8% molasses medicament is added respectively, use graduated cylinder
The running water of respective amount is measured, make that soil moisture content is saturated aqueous rate 80 ~ 90% are injected in corresponding hermetically sealed can;
3)After contaminated soil sample is sufficiently mixed, each hermetically sealed can is covered tightly, it is ensured that its sealing, placed 15 days, period ensures
Room temperature>20 degrees Celsius;
4)After 15 days, each processing unit sample is delivered into testing agency and detects moisture content, total chromium concn, Cr(VI)Concentration and
Toxicity leaches metal target concentration;
5)After the completion of experiment, all appts equipment is cleaned, and remaining sample is properly disposed.
The mixing of step 4, contaminated soil and molasses medicament:Chromium-polluted soil and molasses medicament are stirred, it is ensured that molasses medicine
Agent and Polluted Soil are sufficiently mixed uniformly, are stacked in reaction tank;
The reaction of step 5, contaminated soil and molasses medicament:The stage of reaction, molasses are made as electron donor in microorganism
Under, soil environment is set to remain reducing environment, Cr in soil(VI)It is reduced to Cr(Ⅲ), and generate stabilization with organic egency
Chelate;
The maintenance of soil after step 6, reparation:Soil after reparation is conserved, to heap body water distribution uniformity, contains soil
Water rate remains the 80 ~ 90% of saturated aqueous rate, and with low density polyethylene (LDPE) antiseepage film covering curing;
Step 7, detection Chromium in Soil pollutant concentration, until detectable concentration reaches reparation target call, are entered using molasses
Capable chromium-polluted soil reparation terminates.
Wherein, it is preferred that the molasses are cane molasses or beet molasses.
It is furthermore preferred that containing 42%~50% polysaccharide, 3%~4% soluble colloid, 8%~10% mineral in the molasses
Matter.
Further, in the step 2, the preparation method of molasses is:The sugar-cane juice or beet juice inspissation that will be purified, obtain
To the massecuite with crystal, centrifuge massecuite is used, separated after crystal sugar and mother liquor, will centrifugation point after mother liquor again inspissation
It is centrifuged after, the mother liquor for obtaining again inspissation, circulating repetition, extremely cannot inspissation crystallization, the mother liquor for now obtaining as molasses again.
Further, in the step 3, molasses are added than 0~15% for soil weight in wet base, preferably the 1% of soil weight in wet base
~10%, more preferably the 3%~8% of soil weight in wet base.
It is further preferred that the bottom surface of the showering reaction tank and side pool wall from outer to inner include basis successively
Layer, bentonite pad, density polyethylene film with high impervious barrier and fibre non-woven geotextile long, are set in the pond body of showering reaction tank
After soil heap body, the supplement pipe network of water and medicament is laid at the top of heap body.
Further, in the showering reaction tank, be close to soil heap body top be also covered with thickness 0.075~
The low density polyethylene (LDPE) antiseepage film of 0.11mm, completely covers soil heap body, extends to the film outer behind ground beyond excavation pit
The m of border 0.3~0.5.
Further, iron compound medicament or sulphur compound are added with the molasses.
Further, medicament wheat bran or stalk are added with the molasses.
Compared with prior art, it is of the invention it is a technical advantage that:
1st, remediation efficiency is high, repair result has long-time stability:Proposition of the present invention carries out chromium-polluted soil with molasses
Repair, restorative procedure is stabilized as a kind of biochemical reduction, add molasses medicament, be well mixed with contaminated soil, molasses
Medicament under microbial action, makes soil environment remain reducing environment, Cr in soil as biochemical reduction medicament(VI)
It is reduced to Cr(Ⅲ), and stable chelate is generated with organic egency, eliminate the health risk of chromium pollutant;
2nd, biological prosthetic effect is strengthened:The indigenous mushroom microorganism that is added in soil of molasses provides organic carbon source, micro-
Secondary element, promotes the breeding metabolism of microorganism, enhances microbial action, has further speeded up Cr(VI)Conversion, soil
The efficiency of reparation is greatly improved, and long term monitoring result shows, the chromium-polluted soil Cr after being repaired through molasses(VI)Concentration be in compared with
Low-level, repairing has long-time stability;
3rd, it is a kind of production waste material to repair medicament molasses, wide material sources, cheap, reaction speed are fast, efficiency high, environmental protection
And can maintain a long-term stability, molasses main component is sugar and mineral element, and major part is decomposed utilization under microbial action,
A small amount of residual.Anions and canons are not introduced, soil texture is improved after reparation, be conducive to subsequent development to utilize, meeting country can
Sustainable development strategy requirement;
4th, operational sequence is simple, it is easy to operate, and can be used for large-scale engineering implementation, unique antiseepage in showering place
Pool body design, effectively prevents secondary pollution.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that molasses of the present invention are used for the method flow diagram that chromium-polluted soil is repaired;
Fig. 2 be embodiment step 3 preliminary experiment in it is remaining in pedotheque after various concentrations molasses treatment chromium-polluted soil
Cr(VI)Concentration;
Fig. 3 be embodiment step 3 preliminary experiment in various concentrations molasses treatment chromium-polluted soil after the total chromium of leaching it is dense
Degree;
Fig. 4 be embodiment step 3 preliminary experiment in various concentrations molasses treatment chromium-polluted soil after leaching Cr(VI)It is dense
Degree;
Fig. 5 is that the molasses of embodiment repair Cr before and after chromium-polluted soil in chromium-polluted soil(VI)Concentrations versus;
Fig. 6 be embodiment molasses repair chromium-polluted soil before and after chromium-polluted soil pH contrast.
Specific embodiment
The present invention uses showering mode, and selection wide material sources, cheap molasses are used as Cr(VI)Also active compound
Agent, Cr in soil(VI)It is reduced to Cr(Ⅲ), realize fast and efficiently repairing chromium-polluted soil.The molasses can be sweet
Cane molasses or beet molasses, by market purchasing, wherein containing 42%~50% polysaccharide, 3%~4% soluble colloid, 8%~10%
Mineral matter.
Such as Fig. 1, comprise the following steps that:
The pretreatment of step one, chromium-polluted soil:Using showering, sieved after chromium-polluted soil is excavated,
Building clinker is sifted out, chromium-polluted soil to be repaired is sieved, the building clinker by particle diameter more than 5 cm is sifted out, it is ensured that follow-up medicine
Agent repairing effect.
The preparation of step 2, molasses medicament:Market purchasing molasses or self-control molasses are used as molasses medicament, it is ensured that molasses used
Uniform quality stabilization;The preparation method of molasses is:The sugar-cane juice or beet juice inspissation that will be purified, obtain the sugar with crystal
Cream, uses centrifuge massecuite, separates after crystal sugar and mother liquor, and by centrifugation after mother liquor again inspissation, the mother liquor for obtaining is again
It is centrifuged after secondary inspissation, circulating repetition, extremely cannot inspissation crystallization, the mother liquor for now obtaining as molasses again.
Step 3, the dosage for determining molasses medicament:Ratio is added according to what pilot plant test result determined molasses;Molasses are added
Than 0~15% for soil weight in wet base, preferably the 1%~10% of soil weight in wet base, more preferably the 3%~8% of soil weight in wet base.
Preliminary experiment determines that molasses add ratio:
1)Appropriate chromium-polluted soil sample difference natural air drying one week or so is taken, 5 mm stainless steels sieve is crossed;Through infrared quick
Moisture teller determines moisture content;The moisture holding capacity of pedotheque is determined using Buchner funnel;
2)Chromium-polluted soil sample 100g accurately is weighed, 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 8% molasses medicament is added respectively, use graduated cylinder
The running water of respective amount is measured, make that soil moisture content is saturated aqueous rate 80 ~ 90% are injected in corresponding hermetically sealed can;
3)After contaminated soil sample is sufficiently mixed, each hermetically sealed can is covered tightly, it is ensured that its sealing, placed 15 days, period ensures
Room temperature>20 degrees Celsius;
4)After 15 days, each processing unit sample is delivered into testing agency and detects moisture content, total chromium concn, Cr(VI)Concentration and
Toxicity leaches metal target concentration;
5)After the completion of experiment, all appts equipment is cleaned, and remaining sample is properly disposed.
According to Fig. 2,3,4, as seen from the figure, the Cr of sample after the different addition concentration treatment of molasses(VI)Concentration, total chromium
Leaching concentration and Cr(VI)Leaching concentration increases the trend of tapering off with medicament addition concentration.The chromium-polluted soil of molasses treatment,
Initial Cr(VI)The mg/Kg of concentration 1483, add than for 8% when, Cr(VI)Close to repair target call, 50~80 mg/Kg it
Between.
Preliminary experiment conclusion:Molasses are added than 0~15% for soil weight in wet base, preferably the 1%~10% of soil weight in wet base, more excellent
Elect the 3%~8% of soil weight in wet base as.
The mixing of step 4, contaminated soil and molasses medicament:Chromium-polluted soil and molasses medicament are stirred, it is ensured that molasses medicine
Agent and Polluted Soil are sufficiently mixed uniformly, are stacked in showering reaction tank;The functional areas bottom of reaction tank need to spread impervious barrier, prevent
Infiltration layer is sandwich construction, and basal layer, bentonite pad, density polyethylene film with high impervious barrier and fibre nonwoven long are from outer to inner included successively
Geotextiles, after setting soil heap body in the pond body of showering reaction tank, lay the supplement pipe of water and medicament at the top of heap body
Net.In the showering reaction tank, be close to soil heap body top be also covered with 0.075~0.11mm of thickness low-density gather
Ethene antiseepage film, completely covers soil heap body, extends to the film outer behind ground beyond the m of excavation pit border 0.3~0.5.With
Prevent from polluting cleaning soil.Chromium-polluted soil is transported in showering reaction tank in batches, using excavator by every batch of Polluted Soil
Continuously stirred 3 times with molasses medicament, it is ensured that molasses medicament and Polluted Soil are sufficiently mixed uniformly;It is less than for pollution of chromium concentration
The Polluted Soil of 1500mg/kg, molasses additive amount of medicament is 1%~10%, and suitable adds than being 3%~8%.
The reaction of step 5, contaminated soil and molasses medicament:The stage of reaction, molasses are made as electron donor in microorganism
Under, soil environment is set to remain reducing environment, Cr in soil(VI)It is reduced to Cr(Ⅲ), and generate stabilization with organic egency
Chelate.
The maintenance of soil after step 6, reparation:Soil after reparation is conserved, to heap body water distribution uniformity, contains soil
Water rate remains the 80 ~ 90% of saturated aqueous rate, and with low density polyethylene (LDPE) antiseepage film covering curing.
Step 7, detection Chromium in Soil pollutant concentration, until detectable concentration reaches reparation target call, are entered using molasses
Capable chromium-polluted soil reparation terminates.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 represent before and after molasses chemicals treatment Cr in Polluted Soil respectively(VI)Concentration and pH value change.At the beginning of Polluted Soil
Beginning Cr(VI)Concentration maxima is 182 mg/kg, minimum value 22.5 mg/kg, average value 115mg/kg, more than reparation desired value
It is required that 70 mg/kg.By after the reaction of 44 days, Cr(VI)Concentration maxima is reduced to 4.4 mg/kg from 182 mg/kg, puts down
Average is 2.08 mg/kg, much smaller than preprosthetic initial value.This explanation, molasses as biochemical reduction medicament, herein instead
Under the conditions of answering, to Cr(VI)There is preferable reduction effect.And continue to monitor interpretation of result, the contaminated soil after molasses chemicals treatment
With long-time stability.
The maximum of pH value is reduced to 8.0 from 10.1, and the use of this explanation molasses medicament, the pH value to basic soil has
Adjustment effect.Because during the course of the reaction, microorganism carries out breathing work using the organic components in molasses medicament as carbon source
With, some organic acid substances are produced while itself obtains energy, make OH in soil-Neutralized, soil pH value reduction.
In sum, as pollution of chromium place Cr(VI)When concentration is less than 1500mg/kg, biochemical reduction medicament can be used
Repair.After molasses chemicals treatment, Cr (VI) concentration can reach reparation target call, and relative chemical reduction medicament does not have to soil property
There is big influence, soil texture can be improved.
The present invention uses molasses as medicament is repaired, and achieves relatively good repairing effect.Row those skilled in the art understand
After the present invention, by changing molasses sugar content, to addition iron compound medicament, sulphur compound medicament or wheat bran, stalk in molasses
Deng material, but play a major role is still molasses medicament, it should be considered as of the invention a kind of flexible;The present invention is repaiied using dystopy
Chromium-polluted soil is processed again, builds dystopy reaction tank by molasses medicament and contaminated soil hybrid reaction in pond, but simultaneously, do not make
With reaction tank, but structure ground structures reactor, it is also possible to make molasses with chromium-polluted soil in structures or reactor
Complete to repair reaction, while can not be excavated to soil, molasses are added in soil in the original location using plant equipment, complete former
Position is repaired, and such repair mode should be regarded as of the invention a kind of flexible;Molasses medicament is generally used for soil Cr pollution amelioration, but such as
After extracting polluted underground water out earth's surface, it is possible to use molasses medicament carries out the reparation of pollution of chromium underground water, due to present subject matter
It is molasses to Cr(VI)Reduction static stabilization, not strictly be directed to certain pollution medium, therefore, use molasses medicament
To Cr(VI)The reparation of polluted underground water should be regarded as of the invention a kind of flexible.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method that chromium-polluted soil reparation is carried out with molasses, the pollution of chromium of 1500mg/Kg is less than for pollution of chromium concentration
Soil, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
The pretreatment of step one, chromium-polluted soil:Using showering, sieved after chromium-polluted soil is excavated, by grain
Building clinker of the footpath more than 5cm is sifted out, it is ensured that follow-up medicament repairing effect;
The preparation of step 2, molasses medicament:Market purchasing molasses or self-control molasses are used as molasses medicament, it is ensured that the matter of molasses used
Amount is uniform and stable;
Step 3, the dosage for determining molasses medicament:Carry out preliminary experiment and determine that molasses add ratio;
Preliminary experiment determine molasses add than method it is as follows:
1)Appropriate chromium-polluted soil sample difference natural air drying one week or so is taken, 5 mm stainless steels sieve is crossed;Through infrared quick moisture
Analyzer determines moisture content;The moisture holding capacity of pedotheque is determined using Buchner funnel;
2)Chromium-polluted soil sample 100g accurately is weighed, 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 8% molasses medicament is added respectively, measured with graduated cylinder
The running water of respective amount, make that soil moisture content is saturated aqueous rate 80 ~ 90% are injected in corresponding hermetically sealed can;
3)After contaminated soil sample is sufficiently mixed, each hermetically sealed can is covered tightly, it is ensured that its sealing, placed 15 days, period ensures room temperature>
20 degrees Celsius;
4)After 15 days, each processing unit sample is delivered into testing agency and detects moisture content, total chromium concn, Cr(VI)Concentration and toxicity
Leach metal target concentration;
5)After the completion of experiment, all appts equipment is cleaned, and remaining sample is properly disposed;
The mixing of step 4, contaminated soil and molasses medicament:Chromium-polluted soil and molasses medicament are stirred, it is ensured that molasses medicament and
Contaminated soil is sufficiently mixed uniformly, is stacked in reaction tank;
The reaction of step 5, contaminated soil and molasses medicament:The stage of reaction, molasses as electron donor, under microbial action,
Soil environment is set to remain reducing environment, Cr in soil(VI)It is reduced to Cr(Ⅲ), and chelated with organic egency generation stabilization
Thing;
The maintenance of soil after step 6, reparation:Soil after reparation is conserved, to the uniform moisturizing of heap body, makes soil moisture content
Remain the 80 ~ 90% of saturated aqueous rate, and with low density polyethylene (LDPE) antiseepage film covering curing;
Step 7, detection Chromium in Soil pollutant concentration, until detectable concentration reaches reparation target call, are carried out using molasses
Chromium-polluted soil reparation terminates;
The molasses are cane molasses or beet molasses;Containing 42%~50% polysaccharide, 3%~4% soluble glue in the molasses
Body, 8%~10% mineral matter;
In the step 3, molasses are added than 0%~15% for soil weight in wet base;
The bottom surface of the showering reaction tank that the showering is used and side pool wall are from outer to inner followed successively by basal layer, swelling
Soil pad, high density polyethylene (HDPE) antiseepage film and fibre non-woven geotextile long, set soil heap body in the pond body of showering reaction tank
Afterwards, the supplement pipe network of water and medicament is laid at the top of heap body;
In the showering reaction tank, the top for being close to soil heap body is also covered with the low-density of 0.075~0.11mm of thickness
Polyethylene antiseepage film, completely covers soil heap body, extends to the film outer behind ground beyond the m of excavation pit border 0.3~0.5.
2. a kind of method that chromium-polluted soil reparation is carried out with molasses according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
In rapid two, the preparation method of molasses is:The sugar-cane juice or beet juice inspissation that will be purified, obtain the massecuite with crystal, with centrifugation
Machine is centrifuged massecuite, separates after crystal sugar and mother liquor, by centrifugation after mother liquor again inspissation, the mother liquor for obtaining again after inspissation from
The heart, circulating repetition extremely cannot inspissation crystallization, the mother liquor for now obtaining as molasses again.
3. a kind of method that chromium-polluted soil reparation is carried out with molasses according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step
In rapid three, molasses are added than 1%~10% for soil weight in wet base.
4. a kind of method that chromium-polluted soil reparation is carried out with molasses according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step
In rapid three, molasses are added than 3%~8% for soil weight in wet base.
5. a kind of method that chromium-polluted soil reparation is carried out with molasses according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sugar
Iron compound medicament or sulphur compound medicament are added with sweet medicament.
6. a kind of method that chromium-polluted soil reparation is carried out with molasses according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sugar
Wheat bran or stalk are added with sweet medicament.
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