CN104736366B - 电动车辆 - Google Patents

电动车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104736366B
CN104736366B CN201280076485.1A CN201280076485A CN104736366B CN 104736366 B CN104736366 B CN 104736366B CN 201280076485 A CN201280076485 A CN 201280076485A CN 104736366 B CN104736366 B CN 104736366B
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China
Prior art keywords
power
power line
storage device
electric
electrical storage
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201280076485.1A
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CN104736366A (zh
Inventor
桥元庆太
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B60L1/04—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line
    • B60L1/06—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line using only one supply
    • B60L1/08—Methods and devices for control or regulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/30—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

EHC(140)构成为在通电时对催化剂进行电加热，所述催化剂对从搭载于电动车辆的内燃机的排气路径排出的排气气体进行净化。充电器(120)通过包含绝缘变压器(330)的电力变换路径，将从外部电源(210)向充电口供给的交流电力变换为蓄电装置(70)的充电电力。EHC(140)与设置在该电力变换路径上的绝缘变压器(330)的初级侧、被输出直流电压的电力线(352p、352g)电连接。在车辆行驶时使EHC(140)工作的情况下，充电器(120)通过外部充电时的电力变换的一部分的逆变换，将来自蓄电装置(70)的电力变换为输出至与EHC(140)连接的电力线(352p、352g)的直流电压。

Description

电动车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及搭载内燃机和车辆行驶用电动机的电动车辆，特别涉及在内燃机的排气通路设置电加热式催化剂装置(以下也称为“EHC：Electrical Heated Catalyst”)，且能够从车辆外部的电源对车载的蓄电装置进行充电的电动车辆。
背景技术
在日本特开2009-274479号公报(专利文献1)中，公开了在作为能够从车辆外部的电源(以下也称为“外部电源”。)对车载蓄电装置进行充电的电动车辆的代表例的混合动力汽车中，搭载了具备EHC的排气气体净化装置的情况下的电气系统的构成。在工作时，EHC通过通电而发热，使催化剂温度上升。以下，也将利用外部电源对车载蓄电装置的充电仅称为“外部充电”。
在专利文献1中公开了用于使用外部充电用充电器向EHC通电的电气系统的构成。具体而言，公开了在由包含变压器的绝缘型电力变换器构成的充电器中，将EHC与变压器的初级绕组或次级绕组并联连接的构成。其结果，能够利用在变压器绕组产生的交流电压使EHC工作。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2009-274479号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2009-274470号公报
专利文献3：日本特开2009-286337号公报
专利文献4：日本特开2009-274471号公报
专利文献5∶日本特开平8-61048号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
由于EHC暴露于烟尘、水中，所以有可能产生由绝缘电阻的降低而导致的电气异常。因此，优选，EHC利用内置了变压器等的绝缘型电源而被通电。在专利文献1中，共用由绝缘型构成的外部充电用充电器的电压变换部，在外部充电时和行驶时这两方，都能够向EHC供给电力。
然而，在专利文献1的构成中，由于向EHC施加高频的交流电压，所以基本上由电阻体构成的EHC的通电电力的控制变得困难。特别是，在外部充电时，兼顾蓄电装置的充电电力的控制并控制EHC的通电电力困难性让人担心。
本发明为解决这样的问题而提出的，其目的在于，在搭载了EHC的能够进行外部充电的电动车辆中，使用外部充电用的绝缘型充电器向EHC供电，以使得能够容易地控制EHC的通电电力。
用于解决问题的手段
在本发明的一种方式中，一种电动车辆，搭载内燃机和车辆行驶用电动机，并包含：蓄电装置，存储向电动机供给的电力；受电部，接受从车辆外部的电源(外部电源)供给的电力；充电器，用于在从外部电源进行供电时，执行将受电部接受到的电力变换为蓄电装置的充电电力的交流/直流电力变换；以及电加热式催化剂装置。充电器通过经由绝缘机构的电力变换路径执行交流/直流电力变换，所述绝缘机构构成为了在将与受电部电连接的初级侧和与蓄电装置电连接的次级侧电绝缘之后传递电能。充电器具有向线间输出直流电压的第1电力线和第2电力线。第1电力线和第2电力线在电力变换路径的途中与绝缘机构的初级侧电连接。电加热式催化剂装置构成为与第1电力线和第2电力线电连接，并对催化剂进行电加热，所述催化剂对从内燃机排出的排气气体进行净化。充电器构成为通过交流/直流电力变换的一部分的逆变换，将来自蓄电装置的电力变换为向第1电力线和第2电力线输出的直流电压。
优选，在由电源对蓄电装置进行充电时使电加热式催化剂装置工作的情况下，充电器通过第1电力线和第2电力线间的直流电压的控制，控制向电加热式催化剂装置的供电电力，并且通过第1电力线和第2电力线与蓄电装置之间的直流电力变换的控制，控制蓄电装置的充电电力。
另外，优选，在并非由电源进行供电时使电加热式催化剂装置工作的情况下，充电器执行逆变换，将来自蓄电装置的电力变换为直流电压并向第1电力线和第2电力线输出。
在本发明的另一中方式中，一种电动车辆，搭载内燃机和车辆行驶用电动机，并包含：蓄电装置，存储向电动机供给的电力；受电部，接受从车辆外部的电源(外部电源)供给的电力；充电器，用于在进行来自外部电源的供电时，将受电部接受到的电力变换为蓄电装置的充电电力；以及电加热式催化剂装置。充电器具有第1变换器和第2电力变换器。第1电力变换器构成为将受电部接受到的交流电力变换为直流电力并向第1电力线和第2电力线间输出。第2电力变换器构成为：通过电力变换路径在蓄电装置与第1电力线和第2电力线之间进行双向的电力变换，所述电力变换路径是经由绝缘机构的路径，所述绝缘机构构成为将与第1电力线和第2电力线电连接的初级侧和与蓄电装置电连接的次级侧电绝缘之后传递电能。电加热式催化剂装置构成为与第1电力线和第2电力线电连接，并对催化剂进行电加热，所述催化剂对从内燃机排出的排气气体进行净化。
优选，在由电源对蓄电装置进行充电时使电加热式催化剂装置工作的情况下，充电器通过由第1电力变换器控制第1电力线和第2电力线间的直流电压，控制向电加热式催化剂装置的供电电力，并且通过第2电力变换器控制蓄电装置的充电电力。
另外，优选，电动车辆还包含：第1切断机构，配置在第1电力线与电加热式催化剂装置之间；和第2切断机构，配置在第2电力线与电加热式催化剂装置之间。
发明的效果
根据本发明，在搭载了EHC的能够进行外部充电的电动车辆中，能够使用外部充电用的绝缘型充电器向EHC供电，以使得能够容易地控制EHC的通电电力。
附图说明
图1是作为本发明实施方式的能够进行外部充电的电动车辆的代表例示出的混合动力汽车的整体框图。
图2是动力分配装置的列线图。
图3是表示图1所示的充电器的构成例的电路图。
图4是用于说明图3的电路中的EHC的通电控制的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图详细说明本发明的实施方式。另外，对于图中同一或相当部分标注同一标号而不重复其说明。
图1是作为本发明实施方式的能够进行外部充电的电动车辆的代表例示出的混合动力汽车的整体框图。
参照图1，混合动力汽车1具备发动机10、第1MG(Motor Generator：电动发马达)20、第2MG30、动力分配装置40、减速器50、马达驱动装置60、蓄电装置70以及驱动轮80。另外，混合动力汽车1还具备排气通路130、EHC140以及ECU(Electronic Control Unit：电子控制单元)150。发动机10、第1MG20以及第2MG30与动力分配装置40连结。
混合动力汽车1利用从发动机10和第2MG30中的至少一方输出的驱动力行驶。发动机10产生的动力由动力分配装置40分配给两条路径。即，一方是经由减速器50向驱动轮80传递的路径，另一方是向第1MG20传递的路径。
发动机10构成为利用由燃料的燃烧得到的能量输出车辆驱动力。EHC140设置在发动机10的排气通路130中，并构成为对催化剂进行电加热，所述催化剂对从发动机10排出的排气气体进行净化。EHC140在工作时因通电引起的发热而使催化剂温度上升。此外，EHC140能够应用各种公知的EHC。
第1MG20和第2MG30是交流电动机，例如由三相交流同步电动机构成。马达驱动装置60通过在蓄电装置70与第1MG20和第2MG30之间进行双向的电力变换，控制第1MG20和第2MG30的输出(转速和/或力矩)。
第1MG20使用由动力分配装置40分配的发动机10的动力进行发电。由第1MG20发电产生的电力通过马达驱动装置60从交流变换为直流，并存储在蓄电装置70中。
第2MG30利用存储在蓄电装置70中的电力和由第1MG20发电产生的电力的至少一方而产生驱动力。而且，第2MG30的驱动力经由减速器50传递给驱动轮80。此外，在图1中，驱动轮80表示为前轮，但也可以取代前轮而利用第2MG30驱动后轮，或利用第2MG30驱动前轮和后轮。
此外，在车辆的制动时等，通过驱动轮80经由减速器50驱动第2MG30，第2MG30作为发马达工作。由此，第2MG30也作为将车辆的动能转换为电力的再生制动器起作用。而且，由第2MG30发电产生的电力存储在蓄电装置70中。
动力分配装置40由包含太阳轮、小齿轮、行星架以及齿圈的行星齿轮组成。小齿轮与太阳轮和齿圈接合。行星架将小齿轮支撑能够为自转，并且与发动机10的曲轴连结。太阳轮与第1MG20的旋转轴连结。齿圈与第2MG30的旋转轴和减速器50连结。
并且，如图2所示，通过发动机10、第1MG2O以及第2MG30经由由行星齿轮构成的动力分配装置40连结，发动机10、第1MG20以及第2MG30的转速在列线图中成为由直线连结的关系。
再次参照图1，马达驱动装置60从蓄电装置70接受电力，并基于来自ECU150的控制信号驱动第1MG20和第2MG30。另外，马达驱动装置60基于来自ECU150的控制信号，将由第1MG20和/或第2MG30发电产生的交流电力变换为直流电力并向蓄电装置70输出。
蓄电装置70是能够再充电的直流电源，例如由镍氢、锂离子等二次电池构成。蓄电装置70的电压例如为200V左右。如后所述，在蓄电装置70中，除了由第1MG20和第2MG30发电产生的电力外，还存储了从外部电源210供给的电力。此外，作为蓄电装置70，也能够采用大容量的电容器。
作为用于外部充电的构成，混合动力汽车1还具备充电口110和充电器120。
充电口110是用于从外部电源210接受电力的电力接口。在外部充电时，在充电口110连接用于从外部电源210向车辆供给电力的充电电缆的连接器200。此外，对于充电口110，除了利用电缆的电连接外，还能够设为保持非接触的状态将外部电源与车辆电磁耦合，由此从外部电源供给电力的构成。即，在混合动力汽车1中从外部电源210向充电口110的电力供给的方式没有被特别限定，对这一点进行了确认性记载。
充电器120与充电口110、蓄电装置70以及EHC140(后述)电连接。充电器120构成为：在外部充电时，基于来自ECU150的控制信号，将从外部电源210供给的电力变换为蓄电装置70的充电电力。进而，在本实施方式中，充电器120构成为：在外部充电时和包含车辆行驶时的并非由外部电源进行供电时的每一个中，向EHC140供给电力。此外，稍后将详细说明充电器120的构成例和工作。
ECU150构成为内置未图示的CPU(Central Processing Unit：中央处理器)和存储器，并基于存储在该存储器中的映射和程序，进行使用了各传感器的检测值的运算处理。或者，ECU150的至少一部分也可以构成为由电子电路等硬件来执行预定的数值逻辑运算处理。
ECU150生成用于驱动马达驱动装置60和充电器120的控制信号，并将该生成的控制信号向马达驱动装置60和充电器120输出。
图3是表示图1所示的充电器120的构成例的电路图。
参照图3，充电器120包含AC/DC变换部310、DC/DC转换部320、绝缘变压器330、继电器380、电压传感器370、376、378以及电流传感器372、374。
继电器380配设在充电口110与AC/DC变换部310之间，并根据来自ECU150的控制信号SE1而接通/断开。在外部充电时，交流电力从外部电源210经由继电器380和充电口110输入至电力线351。电力线351的交流电压Vac和交流电流Iac分别由电压传感器370和电流传感器372检测。电压传感器370和电流传感器372的检测值向ECU150输出。
AC/DC变换部310由单相全桥电路构成。DC/DC转换部320具有各自由单相全桥电路构成的电压变换部340、350和绝缘变压器330。
AC/DC变换部310在外部充电时基于来自ECU150的控制信号PWMC1，将电力线351的交流电力变换为直流电力，并向电力线352p、352g间输出。在电力线352p、352g间连接有电容器C2。电力线352p、352g间的直流电压Vdc由电压传感器376检测。电压传感器376的检测值向ECU150输出。
例如，AC/DC变换部310通过构成全桥的开关元件的接通断开，控制插置连接于电力线351的电抗器的通过电流。此时，AC/DC变换部310通过控制电抗器电流以使得交流电流Iac的电流波形(相位和振幅)与目标电流波形一致，并向电力线352p输出直流电流。进而，通过使该目标电流波形的相位与交流电压Vac的相位一致，能够提高来自外部电源210的输入电力的功率因数。另外，通过根据直流电压Vdc的检测值与目标值的偏差调整目标电流波形的振幅，能够将直流电压Vdc控制为目标值。
DC/DC转换部320的电压变换部340在外部充电时基于来自ECU150的控制信号PWMC2，将从AC/DC变换部310向电力线352p、352g输出的直流电力变换为高频的交流电力，并向电力线353输出。电力线353与绝缘变压器330的初级线圈332连接。
绝缘变压器330具有由磁性材料构成的芯、卷绕于芯的初级线圈332和次级线圈334。初级线圈332和次级线圈334彼此电绝缘。而且，在绝缘变压器330中，根据初级线圈332和次级线圈334的匝数比，在初级线圈332的交流电压与次级线圈334的交流电压之间变换电压电平。绝缘变压器330的次级线圈334与电力线354连接。
电压变换部350在外部充电时基于来自ECU150的控制信号PWMC3，将电力线354的交流电力变换为直流电力，并向电力线355p、355g间输出。电力线355p和355g分别与蓄电装置70的正极和负极电连接。在蓄电装置70配置有用于检测电压Vb和电流Ib的电压传感器381和电流传感器382。检测到的蓄电装置70的电压Vb和电流Ib向ECU150输出。
在电力线355p、355g间连接有电容器C1。也可以在电力线355p、355g与蓄电装置70之间设置根据来自ECU150的控制信号SE4而接通断开的充电继电器430。
在电力线355p、355g配置有用于检测直流电流Ic和直流电压Vc的电流传感器374和电压传感器378。电流传感器374和电压传感器378的检测值向ECU150输出。
在外部充电时，通过构成电压变换部340、350的开关元件的接通断开，能够控制蓄电装置70的充电电力(电压Vc和电流Ic)。即，由电压变换部340、350和绝缘变压器330构成的DC/DC转换部320通过经由绝缘变压器330的电力变换路径，将电力线355p、355g的直流电力变换为蓄电装置70的充电电力。
通过由能够双向进行电力变换的全桥电路构成电压变换部340、350，DC/DC转换部320能够在包含车辆行驶中的非外部充电时，通过外部充电时的电力变换的逆变换，通过经由绝缘变压器330的电力变换路径，将来自蓄电装置70的直流电力变换为向电力线352p、352g输出的直流电力。此时，通过构成电压变换部340、350的开关元件的接通断开，能够将电力线352p、352g的直流电压Vdc控制为目标值。这样，DC/DC转换部320构成为在蓄电装置70与电力线352p、352g之间，执行双向的直流电力变换。
EHC140与利用充电器120的电力变换路径的途中的电力线352p、352g电连接。电力线352p、352g通过绝缘变压器330与蓄电装置70电绝缘。
进而，在EHC140与电力线352p之间设置EHC继电器410，在EHC140与电力线352g之间设置EHC继电器420。EHC继电器410、420根据来自ECU150的控制信号SE2、SE3而接通断开。此外，作为EHC继电器410、420，能够应用可控制接通断开的任意的开闭器作为“切断机构”来取代继电器。
通过接通EHC继电器410和420，电力线352p、352g间的直流电压Vdc被供给至EHC140。当将EHC140的电阻值设为R时，EHC140的通电电力为(Vdc)2/R。即，通过控制直流电压Vdc，能够控制决定EHC140的发热量的通电电力。
在图4中示出了用于说明EHC140的通电控制的流程图。图4所示的一系列处理由ECU150执行。
参照图4，ECU150通过步骤S100判定EHC140的工作条件是否成立。例如，在车辆行驶期间，在催化剂温度比预定温度低时，EHC140的工作条件成立。或者，在外部充电时，也能够设定EHC140的工作条件，以备外部充电完成后的车辆运转而预先对催化剂进行预热。
在EHC140的工作条件不成立时(在S100判定为否时)，不对EHC140通电(步骤S180)，处理结束。
在EHC140的工作条件成立时(在S100判定为是时)，ECU150判定是否为外部充电时(步骤S110)。
当在外部充电时请求EHC140的工作时(在S110判定为是时)，ECU150通过步骤S120，将向充电器120中的AC/DC变换部310的直流电压Vdc的目标值设定为与EHC140充分发挥功能的适当的通电电力对应的电压值。由此，在从充电器120的充电口110向蓄电装置70的电力变换中，能够利用向电力线352p、352g间输出的直流电压Vdc对EHC140通电。由此，能够利用来自外部电源210的电力向EHC140供电(步骤S130)。通过AC/DC变换部310将直流电压Vdc控制为目标值，能够容易地控制EHC140的通电电力。
进一步，通过控制DC/DC转换部320的直流电力变换，能够将适于EHC140的通电的直流电压Vdc变换为用于适当地对蓄电装置70进行充电的充电电压Vc和充电电流Ic。即，在外部充电时，共用充电器120而能够并行地向EHC140和蓄电装置70这两方供电，并且能够通过AC/DC变换部310和DC/DC转换部320分别控制向这两方的供电电力。
此外，在蓄电装置70的充电完成后，在对充电口110输入来自外部电源210的电力的状态(例如，连接器200与充电口110保持连接的状态)时，通过仅使充电器120中的AC/DC变换部310工作，也能够利用来自外部电源210的电力向EHC140供电。
在非外部充电时请求EHC140的工作时(在S110判定为否时)，ECU150通过步骤S150接通充电继电器430，并且使充电器120中的至少DC/DC转换部320工作。
DC/DC转换部320将从蓄电装置70输出的直流电力变换为用于对EHC140通电的直流电压Vdc，并向电力线352p、352g间输出。其结果，在不能使用来自外部电源210的电力的情况下(代表性地，车辆行驶期间)，也能够利用蓄电装置70的电力对EHC140通电(步骤S160)。此时，通过利用DC/DC转换部320控制直流电压Vdc，能够容易地控制EHC140的通电电力。直流电压Vdc的目标值能够设定为与EHC140充分发挥功能的适当通电电力对应的电压值。
这样，在非外部充电时，利用作为外部充电时的从充电口110向蓄电装置70的电力变换的逆变换的一部分的、从蓄电装置70向电力线352p、352g的电力变换，能够向EHC140供电。
此外，关于AC/DC变换部310，在非外部充电时且非行驶时，也可以工作以使得将电力线352p、352g间的直流电压变换为与外部电源210(例如商用系统电源)同等的交流电力。这样一来，通过将电缆与充电口110连接，能够利用蓄电装置70的存储电力，对车辆外部供给电力。
再次参照图3，蓄电装置70和EHC140之间通过绝缘变压器330而电绝缘。因此，即使在利用蓄电装置70的电力实现的EHC140的工作期间在EHC140产生漏电等电气异常，也能确保与蓄电装置70电连接的行驶系统(图1所示的马达驱动装置60、第1MG20以及第2MG30等)与EHC140的电绝缘。
另外，通过EHC继电器410和420，EHC140能够从电力线352p、352g这两方电切断。因此，假设即使在EHC140发生了漏电等电气异常，也能够使EHC140从充电器120中的电力变换路径电绝缘。
这样，在本实施方式的混合动力汽车(电动车辆)中，使用用于进行外部充电的充电器120，在外部充电和包含车辆行驶期间的非外部充电时的任一情况下，都能够向EHC140供给能够控制的直流电压。因此，能够容易地控制EHC140的通电电力以使得EHC140充分发挥功能。另外，由于通过蓄电装置70和EHC140被充电器120的绝缘变压器330电绝缘的构成而能够向EHC140供电，所以即使在EHC140发生漏电等电气异常，也能够防止给与蓄电装置70电连接的行驶系统带来不良影响。
进一步，通过在EHC140的正极侧和负极侧这两方设置EHC继电器410、420(切断机构)，即使在EHC140发生漏电等电气异常，也能够防止给外部充电带来不良影响。另外，在外部充电时，由于独立地控制输出向EHC140供给的直流电压Vdc的变换器(AC/DC变换部310)和将直流电压Vdc变换为蓄电装置70的充电电力的变换器(DC/DC转换部320)，所以在分别控制了向EHC140的供电电力和蓄电装置70的充电电力之后，能够并行地向EHC140和蓄电装置70这两方供电。
此外，在本实施方式中，针对能够利用动力分配装置40分配发动机10的动力并传递给驱动轮80和第1MG20的串联/并联型混合动力汽车进行了说明，但本发明的应用不限定于在实施方式中的例示。应用了本发明的电动车辆总括地包含能够利用电能产生车辆驱动力的车辆，如果是搭载内燃机和EHC的能够外部充电的电动车辆，则能够同样地应用本申请发明而不限定驱动系统的构成。例如，对于不具备动力分配装置而通过发动机和马达驱动车轮的所谓的并联型混合动力汽车、将发动机仅用于发电的串联型混合动力汽车，也能够应用本发明。
在本实施方式中示出的充电器120与本发明中的“充电器”的一个实施例对应。充电器120的构成并不限定于图3的构成例，只要是使用绝缘机构(变压器)将蓄电装置70与充电口110之间电绝缘之后执行电力变换的构成，则能够应用任意的电路构成。在该情况下，通过利用绝缘机构使EHC140与蓄电装置70绝缘且与输出直流电压的电力线电连接，也能够与本实施方式同样地供给EHC140的通电电力。
在上述说明中，发动机10与本发明中的“内燃机”的一个实施例对应，第2MG30与本发明中的“电动机”的一个实施例对应。另外，充电口110与本发明中的“受电部”的一个实施例对应，EHC140与本发明中的“电加热式催化剂装置”的一个实施例对应。EHC继电器410、420分别与本发明中的“第1切断机构”和“第2切断机构”的一个实施例对应。
另外，在充电器120中，电力线352p和352g分别与本发明中的“第1电力线”和“第2电力线”的一个实施例对应，绝缘变压器330与本发明中的“绝缘机构”的一个实施例对应。进而，AC/DC变换部310与本发明中的“第1电力变换器”的一个实施例对应，DC/DC转换部320与本发明中的“第2电力变换器”的一个实施例对应。
应该认为本次公开的实施方式在所有方面都是举例说明的内容而并不是限制性内容。本发明的范围并不通过上述的实施方式的说明来限定，而是通过权利要求的范围来限定，与权利要求等同的含义以及权利要求范围内的所有变更也包含在本发明中。
产业上的可利用性
本发明能够应用于搭载内燃机和车辆行驶用电动机且具备电加热式催化剂装置的电动车辆。
标号说明
1 混合动力汽车，10 发动机，20 第1MG，30 第2MG，40 动力分配装置，50 减速器，60 马达驱动装置，70 蓄电装置，80 驱动轮，110 充电口，120 充电器，130 排气通路，140EHC，150 ECU，200 连接器，210 外部电源，310 AC/DC变换部，320 DC/DC转换部，330 绝缘变压器，332 初级线圈，334 次级线圈，340、350 电压变换部，351、352g、352p、353、354、355p、355g 电力线，370、376、378、381 电压传感器，372、374、382 电流传感器，380 继电器，410、420 EHC继电器，430 充电继电器，C1、C2 电容器，Ib 电流(蓄电装置)，Ic 直流电流(充电电流)，PWMC1、PWMC2、PWMC3、SE1～SE4 控制信号，Vb 电压(蓄电装置)，Vc 直流电压(充电电压)。

Claims (6)

1.一种电动车辆，搭载内燃机(10)和车辆行驶用的电动机(30)，并具备：
蓄电装置(70)，存储向所述电动机供给的电力；
受电部(110)，接受从车辆外部的电源(210)供给的电力；以及
充电器(120)，用于通过电力变换路径，在进行来自所述电源的供电时，执行将所述受电部接受到的电力变换为所述蓄电装置的充电电力的交流/直流电力变换，所述电力变换路径是经由绝缘机构(330)的路径，所述绝缘机构(330)构成为将与所述受电部电连接的初级侧和与所述蓄电装置电连接的次级侧电绝缘之后传递电能，
所述充电器在所述电力变换路径上具有与所述绝缘机构的初级侧电连接的第1电力线和第2电力线(352p，352g)，直流电压向所述第1电力线和所述第2电力线间输出，
所述电动车辆还具备与所述第1电力线和所述第2电力线电连接、并用于对催化剂进行电加热的电加热式催化剂装置(140)，所述催化剂对从所述内燃机排出的排气气体进行净化，
所述充电器构成为能够通过所述交流/直流电力变换的一部分的逆变换，将来自所述蓄电装置的电力变换为向所述第1电力线和所述第2电力线输出的直流电压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆，
在由所述电源对所述蓄电装置进行充电时使所述电加热式催化剂装置工作的情况下，所述充电器通过所述第1电力线和所述第2电力线间的所述直流电压的控制，控制向所述电加热式催化剂装置的供电电力，并且通过所述第1电力线和所述第2电力线与所述蓄电装置之间的直流电力变换的控制，控制所述蓄电装置的充电电力。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆，
在并非由所述电源进行供电时使所述电加热式催化剂装置工作的情况下，所述充电器通过所述逆变换，将来自所述蓄电装置的电力变换为所述直流电压并向所述第1电力线和所述第2电力线输出。
4.一种电动车辆，搭载内燃机(10)和车辆行驶用电动机(30)，并具备：
蓄电装置(70)，存储向所述电动机供给的电力；
受电部(110)，接受从车辆外部的电源(210)供给的电力；以及
充电器(120)，用于在进行来自所述电源的供电时，将所述受电部接受到的电力变换为所述蓄电装置的充电电力，
所述充电器包含：
第1电力变换器(310)，用于将所述受电部接受到的交流电力变换为直流电力并向第1电力线和第2电力线间输出；以及
第2电力变换器(320)，用于通过电力变换路径在所述蓄电装置与所述第1电力线和所述第2电力线之间进行双向的电力变换，所述电力变换路径是经由绝缘机构(330)的路径，所述绝缘机构(330)构成为将与所述第1电力线和所述第2电力线电连接的初级侧和与所述蓄电装置电连接的次级侧电绝缘之后传递电能，
所述电动车辆还具备与所述第1电力线和所述第2电力线电连接、并用于对催化剂进行电加热的电加热式催化剂装置(140)，所述催化剂对从所述内燃机排出的排气气体进行净化。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电动车辆，
在由所述电源对所述蓄电装置进行充电时使所述电加热式催化剂装置工作的情况下，所述充电器通过由所述第1电力变换器控制所述第1电力线和所述第2电力线间的直流电压，控制向所述电加热式催化剂装置的供电电力，并且通过所述第2电力变换器控制所述蓄电装置的充电电力。
6.根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的电动车辆，还具备：
第1切断机构(410)，配置在所述第1电力线与所述电加热式催化剂装置(140)之间；和
第2切断机构(410)，配置在所述第2电力线与所述电加热式催化剂装置(140)之间。
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