CN104726113B - A kind of four sections of moving bed environment rich gas retorts of bulk and its method for destructive distillation - Google Patents
A kind of four sections of moving bed environment rich gas retorts of bulk and its method for destructive distillation Download PDFInfo
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- CN104726113B CN104726113B CN201510150935.2A CN201510150935A CN104726113B CN 104726113 B CN104726113 B CN 104726113B CN 201510150935 A CN201510150935 A CN 201510150935A CN 104726113 B CN104726113 B CN 104726113B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of block four sections of moving bed environment rich gas retorts and its method for destructive distillation.The gas retort includes the drying and preheating section set gradually from top to bottom, seal section, retort section, cooling section, drying and preheating section top is provided with charging aperture and bottom is provided with air inlet, top is provided with exhaust outlet away from inlet port, the star feeder that seal section is set by inside connects the drying and preheating section and the retort section of bottom on top, in the middle part of retort section or bottom is provided with coal gas of high temperature entrance and top is provided with the oil gas vent connected with gas recovery system for oil, cooling section is connected with retort section, cooling section bottom setting coke outlet is connected with coking system and bottom is provided with cooled coal gas entrance.The method for destructive distillation includes drying and preheating, sealing, destructive distillation, cooling step.The present invention has the characteristics of power consumption is low, energy utilization rate is high, oil productivity is high, oil quality is good, oil gas Dust Capacity is few, calorific value of gas is high, resource utilization is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of energy and chemical technology, and in particular to a kind of power consumption is low, energy utilization rate is high, oil productivity
High, oil quality is good, oil gas Dust Capacity is few, calorific value of gas is high, resource utilization is high four sections of moving bed environment rich of bulk are done
Furnace and its method for destructive distillation.
Background technology
Low-order coal（Such as weakly caking coal, dross coal, long bituminous coal, lignite, peat）, oil shale exploitation, main path is exactly logical
Cross clean energy resource --- oil, gas, semicoke that low temperature distillation obtains high added value.Due to the property of two kinds of organic mineral substances, composition,
Characteristic is different, and destructive distillation purpose is different, and the distillation process technology used is also not quite similar.But it is how fuel-displaced, go out good oil；Calorific value of gas
Height, is conducive to developing；Semicoke quality（Refer mainly to volatile matter）It is good, it is easy to control, this distillation process technology institute being only
Should possess.
Bulk low temperature distillation technology is more at present, using gas heat carrier moving bed mode, comparatively comparative maturity.
Low temperature distillation such as coal has the strange three sections of stoves of three river stoves, Shandong, and oil shale low temperature distillation has Fushun stove, Maoming stove, Jilin Cheng great Lu, love
Sha Niya Abel Kiviats stove, Brazil's Pei Teluosekesi stoves etc., every kind of gas retort has its advantage and disadvantage.Such as the three of coal low temperature distillation
River stove, is with semicoke（Semi-coke）For major product, tar is byproduct, and it is low that coal gas rushes dilute calorific value by flue gas；The strange three sections of stoves in Shandong, be with
Tar is major product, and semicoke is byproduct, and coal gas equally rushes dilute by flue gas, the low not good utilisation of calorific value.The low temperature distillation technology of coal,
It is primarily present problem：Oil product low yield, of poor quality, calorific value of gas is low, not good utilisation.
Oil shale low temperature distillation purpose is to obtain high yield, high-quality shale oil, and such as Fushun stove, Maoming stove is to carry
The gas retort of segment occurred, is using circulating gas and producer gas as heat carrier, it is possible to use the potential chemical heat of part semicoke（By
It is larger in oil shale block footpath, so fixed carbon utilizes limited）, coal gas rushes dilute by flue gas, the low not good utilisation of calorific value；Abel Kiviat stove,
It is that, using hot cigarette as destructive distillation heat carrier, semicoke potential chemical heat is not utilized, coal gas equally rushes dilute by flue gas；Jilin Cheng great Lu, bar
Xi Peiteluosekesi stoves, are that, using circulating gas as heat carrier, calorific value of gas is high, is easy to processing and utilization.Although having reclaimed semicoke
Sensible heat, but the semicoke potential chemical heat of oil shale do not utilize.No matter which kind of above-mentioned carbonization furnace, exist dry, it is dry
The gas phase for evaporating generation is mixed, and gas heat carrier has watered down pyrolysis coal gas, makes pyrolysis calorific value of gas low, is unfavorable for later-stage utilization；It is dry
The vapor of dry generation is mixed into oil gas so that gas recovery system for oil is relatively bulky, complexity；In addition, dry, preheating is same with destructive distillation
Stove, adds the heat supply of retort process；And be difficult to form environment rich in gas retort so that oil product yield is not high, quality compared with
Difference.
The content of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of power consumption is low, energy utilization rate is high, oil productivity is high, oil quality
Good, four sections of moving bed environment rich gas retorts of bulk that oil gas Dust Capacity is few, calorific value of gas is high, resource utilization is high；Second mesh
Be a kind of method for destructive distillation for realizing the first purpose is provided.
What the first object of the present invention was realized in：Including the drying and preheating section set gradually from top to bottom, seal section,
Retort section, cooling section, the drying and preheating section top is provided with charging aperture and bottom is provided with air inlet, top away from air inlet
End is provided with exhaust outlet, and the star feeder that the seal section is set by inside connects drying and preheating section and the bottom on top
In the middle part of retort section, the retort section or bottom is provided with coal gas of high temperature entrance and top is provided with what is connected with gas recovery system for oil
Oil gas vent, the cooling section is connected with retort section, and the cooling section bottom sets coke outlet to be connected with coking system and bottom
It is provided with cooled coal gas entrance.
What the second object of the present invention was realized in：Including drying and preheating, sealing, destructive distillation, cooling step, specific bag
Include：
A, drying and preheating：Destructive distillation raw material is gradually put into drying and preheating section, self-desiccation preheating pars infrasegmentalis is passed through 300 ~ 400
DEG C heat smoke carries out heating heat drying to destructive distillation raw material to 110 DEG C of moisture ＜ 1% and temperature ＞, dry waste gas collect after through upper
Discharge side；
B, sealing：Destructive distillation raw material after step A drying and preheating is gradually fallen on the star feeder set in seal section, is led to
Star feeder and destructive distillation raw material is crossed to seal off drying and preheating section and retort section；
C, destructive distillation：Destructive distillation raw material in step B enters retort section by the rotation of star feeder through distribution device, certainly dry
Evaporate in the middle part of section or bottom is passed through heating gas of 650 ~ 750 DEG C of the coal gas of high temperature with rising from cooling section and destructive distillation raw material is entered jointly
Row heating heating pyrolysis step by step, fugitive constituent is exported to gas recovery system for oil separation and oil recovery by the oil gas vent on retort section top
Gas；
D, cooling：Semicoke after step C destructive distillation falls into cooling section, and be passed through cooled coal gas from cooling pars infrasegmentalis drops to semicoke
Its sensible heat is gently reclaimed, the coal gas after heating rises to coal gas of high temperature of the retort section with being passed through together as destructive distillation thermal source, cools down
Semicoke afterwards is discharged of the coke by cooling section bottom.
The present invention is passed through heat smoke in gas retort drying and preheating pars infrasegmentalis, and destructive distillation material is directly contacted with heat smoke to be done
Dry and preheating, equally in the middle part of retort section or bottom is passed through coal gas of high temperature, destructive distillation material is directly contacted further with coal gas of high temperature
Mild pyrolysis is risen, so that destructive distillation material forms gradually warm process, rather than fluid bed, air flow bed, solid thermal carriers（Hot semicoke or
Hot ash etc.）Destructive distillation is " isothermal " process like that, and moisture in coal or oil shale, that the effusion of volatile matter moment causes heat to collapse is broken, so that
The Dust Capacity in discharge flue gas and destructive distillation oil gas can effectively be reduced；Destructive distillation material particular diameter in the present invention is larger, and in destructive distillation
The speed of service is slow in stove, and generation friction probability is small between particle and equipment between particle, and material degree of crushing is low, therefore
Dust Capacity in oil gas is small.Therefore, the present invention is mitigated by the special oil gas collection and derived type structure of gas retort so as to effective
Gas solid separation technical barrier in destructive distillation oil gas.Destructive distillation material carries out drying and dehydrating and preheating before destructive distillation, significantly reduces dry
Evaporate the heating load of section, and dry, preheating section it is less demanding to thermal source mass, flue gas that is common, being easy to get can be used, widened drying,
The thermal source of preheating, so as to reduce production cost.In drying and preheating section and the intersegmental setting seal section of destructive distillation, by being set in seal section
Star feeder（Or referred to as impeller lock）, both it is isolated dry, preheating section and retort section, retort process is can guarantee that again
Continuity, and the height of gas retort can be effectively reduced on year-on-year basis, structure is compacter, and the pyrolysis coal gas that retort section is produced
The other inert gas gases for being not dried by preheating rush dilute, and calorific value is high, is easy to following process to utilize；Because of the trip of coal or oil shale
Among the oil gas that destructive distillation generation is not mixed into from water, but from the individually discharge of drying and preheating section, alleviate gas recovery system for oil and bear
Lotus；Among destructive distillation oil gas, the simply pyrolysis water of destructive distillation material, therefore Waste water is greatly reduced, so also reducing
Wastewater treatment load；It is simultaneously relative to improve content of phenol in waster, add the economic value of Sewage treatment phenol.Heat half after destructive distillation
Burnt directly to be cooled down through bottom input cooled coal gas, the coal gas after then heating enters retort section and participates in dry jointly with coal gas of high temperature
Evaporate, both reclaimed the sensible heat of semicoke, efficiency of energy utilization is improved again.In addition, the pyrolysis coal gas that carbonization is produced, wherein hydrogeneous
Amount>30%, and destructive distillation material destructive distillation thermal source produces for itself and the hydrogen-rich pyrolysis coal gas through indirectly heat, so that in gas retort
Environment rich is formed, the free radical that the destructive distillation material such as coal or oil shale, oil-sand is formed in pyrolytic process is easily combined with hydrogen
And obtain saturation generation light oil and separate out, it is to avoid form macromolecular components（Heavy oil or pitch）With semicoke component, and it can improve dry
Evaporating the saturation degree of oil product, there is provided oil productivity and oil quality.And face hydrogen, catalysis and certain temperature effect under, coal tar or
Hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogeneration, hydrogenation deoxidation, HDM, alkene and aromatic hydrocarbon hydrogenation saturation and hydrogenation occur for shale oil
Cracking（The heavy oil of conversion is further cracked into light component, improve light oil yield）Deng reaction, reach remove in oil product sulphur,
The impurity such as nitrogen, oxygen and metal impurities and the purpose for making alkene saturation, greatly improve oil quality and performance.In addition, this hair
Bright gas retort is quiet body equipment, and destructive distillation material is run slowly in stove, so, the gas retort power consumption is low, if
It is standby to wear and tear small.In addition, the gas retort of the present invention is either dried, preheated, or destructive distillation, cooling, it is gas heat carrier and coal
Or oil shale is directly contacted, therefore heat-transfer effect is good, and unit efficiency is high.Therefore, the present invention has that power consumption is low, energy utilization rate
The characteristics of high, oil productivity is high, oil quality is good, oil gas Dust Capacity is few, calorific value of gas is high, resource utilization is high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is gas retort structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 star feeder broken section structural representation；
Fig. 3 is method for destructive distillation flow chart of the present invention；
In figure：1- drying and preheatings section, 11- charging apertures, 12- air inlets, 13- exhanst gas outlets, 14- exhaust outlets, 2- seal sections,
21- star feeders, 211- impellers, 212- housings, 213- decelerators, 214 drivers, 215- charging apertures, 216- discharging openings, 3-
Retort section, 31- coal gas of high temperature entrances, 32- oil gas vents, 4- cooling sections, 41- coke outlets, 42- cooled coal gas entrances, 5- blower fans, 6-
Gas channel, 7- expansion chambers, 71- dust outlets, 72- valves, 73- lower clapboards, 74- upper spacers, 8- shaking devices, 9- horn shapes
Box, A- heating furnaces, A1- air intakes, A2- fuel ports, A3- SAPMAC method gas ports, A4- thermal cycle gas ports, the hot mouths of A5-.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the present invention is not subject in any way
Limitation, based on present invention teach that any changes and modifications made, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the drying and preheating section 1, seal section 2, dry that the gas retort of the present invention includes setting gradually from top to bottom
Evaporate section 3, cooling section 4,1 top of drying and preheating section is provided with charging aperture 11 and to be provided with air inlet 12, top remote for bottom
The end of air inlet 12 is provided with exhaust outlet 14, and the star feeder 21 that the seal section 2 is set by inside connects the drying on top
The retort section 3 of preheating section 1 and bottom, the middle part of retort section 3 or bottom is provided with coal gas of high temperature entrance 31 and top is provided with
The oil gas vent 32 connected with gas recovery system for oil, the cooling section 4 is connected with retort section 3, and the bottom of cooling section 4 is set out
Burnt mouth 41 is connected with coking system and bottom is provided with cooled coal gas entrance 42.
The middle part of drying and preheating section 1 is provided with exhanst gas outlet 13 and it is connected by blower fan 5 with air inlet 12.
The outside of retort section 3 is provided with gas channel 6 and downside is provided with the expansion chamber 7 with dividing plate, and the oil gas goes out
Mouth 32 is connected with the top of gas channel 6, and the bottom of gas channel 6 is connected through expansion chamber 7 with gas recovery system for oil.
The expansion chamber 7 is in " W " shape structure and bottom is provided with dust outlet 71, and the dust outlet 71 is provided with valve
72, the expansion chamber 7 sets up the lower clapboard 73 of upper opening from valve 72, and the expansion chamber 7 is in the both sides of lower clapboard 73
The upper spacer 74 from top down and lower openings is respectively arranged between the interface of gas channel 6 and oil gas vent.
Expansion chamber 7 and/or gas channel 6 outer wall is provided with heat-insulation layer.
As shown in Fig. 2 the star feeder 21 includes centrally disposed impeller 211, is connected and props up with the inwall of seal section 2
Hold the housing 212 of impeller 211, the decelerator 213 and driver 214 that are connected with the axle of impeller 211 and be respectively arranged at housing
The charging aperture 215 and discharging opening 216 of 212 upper and lower sides, the inner side of the housing 212 with the outer circumferential of impeller 211 is radially closed matches somebody with somebody
Close, the excircle of impeller 211 is provided with material containing groove.
The drying and preheating section 1 and/or the outer wall of seal section 2 are provided with shaking device 8.
Horn shape box 9 or grid wall, the horn shape are provided with the drying and preheating section 1 and/or retort section 3, cooling section 4
Box 9 or grid wall are connected with air inlet 12 and/or coal gas of high temperature entrance 31, cooled coal gas entrance 42.
The horn shape box 9 is connected with exhaust outlet 14 and/or oil gas vent 32.
The horn shape box 9 Heterogeneous Permutation successively from top to bottom in drying and preheating section 1 and/or retort section 3, cooling section 4.
The horn shape box 9 is the under shed box-like structure that " Λ " shape or " Λ " shape add the side shield of bottom two.
The gas retort is cuboid or cube structure, the two ends of horn shape box 9 and drying and preheating section 1 and/or destructive distillation
Section 3, the connection of the two side of cooling section 4.
As shown in figure 3, the method for destructive distillation of the present invention includes drying and preheating, sealing, destructive distillation, cooling step, specifically include：
A, drying and preheating：Destructive distillation raw material is gradually put into drying and preheating section, self-desiccation preheating pars infrasegmentalis is passed through 300 ~
400 DEG C of heat smokes carry out heating heat drying to destructive distillation raw material to 110 DEG C of moisture ＜ 1% and temperature ＞, and dry waste gas is passed through after collecting
Discharge upside；
B, sealing：Destructive distillation raw material after step A drying and preheating is gradually fallen on the star feeder set in seal section, is led to
Star feeder and destructive distillation raw material is crossed to seal off drying and preheating section and retort section；
C, destructive distillation：Destructive distillation raw material in step B enters retort section by the rotation of star feeder through distribution device, certainly dry
Evaporate in the middle part of section or bottom is passed through heating gas of 650 ~ 750 DEG C of the coal gas of high temperature with rising from cooling section and destructive distillation raw material is entered jointly
Row heating heating pyrolysis step by step, fugitive constituent is exported to gas recovery system for oil separation and oil recovery by the oil gas vent on retort section top
Gas；
D, cooling：Semicoke after step C destructive distillation falls into cooling section, and be passed through cooled coal gas from cooling pars infrasegmentalis drops to semicoke
Its sensible heat is gently reclaimed, the coal gas after heating rises to coal gas of high temperature of the retort section with being passed through together as destructive distillation thermal source, cools down
Semicoke afterwards is discharged of the coke by cooling section bottom.
The flue gas of the drying and preheating step formation leads to again after being mixed by the exhanst gas outlet export in the middle part of it with heat smoke
Enter in drying and preheating step as thermal source.
Destructive distillation raw material in the drying and preheating and/or sealing step falls into lower floor after being shaken by shaking device.
The confined layer thickness formed in the seal section is 2 ~ 3m.
The destructive distillation raw material is 15 ~ 80mm of granularity coal, oil shale or oil-sand.
Fugitive constituent in the retorting step passes through large volume of gas channel lead-in zone from top to bottom through oil gas vent
The expansion chamber formation " V " shape or " W " shape warpage of dividing plate are flowed with dedusting.
Semicoke in the cooling step is cooled to through cooled coal gas<Discharged of the coke after 150 DEG C using reciprocating or water seal rotating disc type
System is discharged of the coke.
Operation principle and the course of work of the present invention：
The present invention is passed through heat smoke in gas retort drying and preheating pars infrasegmentalis, and destructive distillation material is directly contacted with heat smoke to be done
Dry and preheating, equally in the middle part of retort section or bottom is passed through coal gas of high temperature, destructive distillation material is directly contacted further with coal gas of high temperature
Mild pyrolysis is risen, so that destructive distillation material forms gradually warm process, rather than fluid bed, air flow bed, solid thermal carriers（Hot semicoke or
Hot ash etc.）Destructive distillation is " isothermal " process like that, and moisture in coal or oil shale, that the effusion of volatile matter moment causes heat to collapse is broken, so that
The Dust Capacity in discharge flue gas and destructive distillation oil gas can effectively be reduced；Destructive distillation material particular diameter in the present invention is larger, and in destructive distillation
The speed of service is slow in stove, and generation friction probability is small between particle and equipment between particle, and material degree of crushing is low, therefore
Dust Capacity in oil gas is small；Therefore, the present invention is mitigated by the special oil gas collection and derived type structure of gas retort so as to effective
Gas solid separation technical barrier in destructive distillation oil gas.Destructive distillation material carries out drying and dehydrating and preheating before destructive distillation, significantly reduces dry
The heating load of section is evaporated, and dry, preheating section is less demanding to thermal source mass, can be widened with flue gas that is common, being easy to get as thermal source
Drying, the thermal source of preheating, so as to reduce production cost.Particularly the flue gas of drying and preheating section is mixed by blower fan with heat smoke
Again as the thermal source of drying and preheating section after conjunction, and destructive distillation will be directly participated in after the cooled coal gas heating of cooling section, can effectively dropped
Low heat production cost, improves efficiency of energy utilization.In drying and preheating section and the intersegmental setting seal section of destructive distillation, by seal section
The star feeder of setting（Or referred to as impeller lock）, both it is isolated dry, preheating section and retort section, destructive distillation is can guarantee that again
The continuity of journey, and the height of gas retort can be effectively reduced on year-on-year basis, structure is compacter, and the pyrolysis that retort section is produced
Other inert gas gases that coal gas is not dried by preheating rush dilute, and calorific value is high, is easy to following process to utilize；Because of coal or oil shale
Free water be not mixed into destructive distillation generation oil gas among, but from drying and preheating section individually discharge, alleviate petroleum vapor recovery system
System load；Among destructive distillation oil gas, the simply pyrolysis water of destructive distillation material, therefore Waste water is greatly reduced, so also dropping
Low wastewater treatment load；It is simultaneously relative to improve content of phenol in waster, add the economic value of Sewage treatment phenol.Further exist
Set from top to bottom in drying and preheating section and/or retort section, cooling section successively the horn shape box or grid wall of Heterogeneous Permutation lead
Enter heat smoke/coal gas of high temperature/cooled coal gas, make the heating of destructive distillation material more uniform；Simultaneously on drying and preheating section and retort section top
Multilayer horn shape box is shifted to install, the flue gas produced, pyrolysis oil gas are dried in stove to collect, horn shape box structure barrier can be passed through
The dust of entrained gas, can reduce gas flow rate by big cavity horn shape box again, be conducive to dust in gas to precipitate back accordingly
Drying and preheating section and/or retort section, reduction collect gas in dust content, be easy to subsequent treatment.Further in retort section
Both sides set large space gas channel, and the guiding fugitive constituent such as heating gas and oil gas flows to the heavy of downside band dividing plate from top to bottom
Room is dropped, expansion chamber is particularly set into V-shaped structure, gas stream formation " V " shape or " W " shape warpage are made by internal dividing plate
Flowing, accesses gas recovery system for oil is imported after cyclone dust collectors if necessary again, can be by among oil gas by natural subsidence mode
Dust effectively remove.Hot semicoke after destructive distillation is directly cooled down through bottom input cooled coal gas, and the coal gas after heating enters
Retort section participates in destructive distillation jointly with coal gas of high temperature, has both reclaimed the sensible heat of semicoke, and efficiency of energy utilization is improved again.In addition, destructive distillation
It is pyrolyzed the pyrolysis coal gas produced, wherein hydrogen content>30%, and destructive distillation material destructive distillation thermal source produces for itself and through indirectly heat
Hydrogen-rich is pyrolyzed coal gas, so that forming environment rich in gas retort, makes the destructive distillation material such as coal or oil shale, oil-sand in pyrolytic process
The free radical of middle formation is easily combined with hydrogen and obtains saturation generation light oil and separate out, it is to avoid form macromolecular components（Heavy oil or
Pitch）With semicoke component, and the saturation degree of destructive distillation oil product can be improved there is provided oil productivity and oil quality.And facing hydrogen, catalysis
And under certain temperature effect, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogeneration, hydrogenation deoxidation, HDM, alkene occur for coal tar or shale oil
Satisfy and be hydrocracked with aromatic hydrocarbon hydrogenation（The heavy oil of conversion is further cracked into light component, improve light oil yield）Deng anti-
Should, reach the impurity such as the sulphur removed in oil product, nitrogen, oxygen and metal impurities and make the purpose of alkene saturation, greatly improve oil quality
Amount and performance.In addition, the gas retort of the present invention is quiet body equipment, and destructive distillation material is run slowly in stove, so,
The gas retort power consumption is low, and equipment attrition is small.In addition, the gas retort of the present invention is either dried, preheated, or it is destructive distillation, cold
But, it is that gas heat carrier is directly contacted with coal or oil shale, therefore heat-transfer effect is good, unit efficiency is high.In a word, the present invention has
Power consumption is low, energy utilization rate is high, oil productivity is high, oil quality is good, oil gas Dust Capacity is few, calorific value of gas is high, the utilization of resources
The characteristics of rate is high.
Embodiment 1
As shown in figure 3, destructive distillation material, which is 15 ~ 18mm of granularity, accounts for 83%, no more than 25mm and accounted for more than 18mm 17% lignite
Block, is comprised the following steps that：
1st, above-mentioned lignite block is gradually put into gas retort drying and preheating section, while self-desiccation preheating pars infrasegmentalis passes through in it
If " Λ " shape Multi-layer staggered horn shape box 350 ~ 400 DEG C of heat smoke is passed through into lignite block, lignite block is directly heated
To 110 DEG C of moisture ＜ 1% and temperature ＞, " Λ " shape Multi-layer staggered horn shape box at middle part is collected in dry flue gas self-desiccation preheating section
After export, again from the importing of drying and preheating pars infrasegmentalis as drying source after mix through blower fan pressurization with heat smoke, dry waste gas with
Flue gas is discharged after being collected through " Λ " shape Multi-layer staggered horn shape box of drying and preheating section internal upper part from the exhaust outlet of upside, after removing dust
Discharged to air；
2nd, the lignite block after drying and preheating is shaken by the outer shaking device set of drying and preheating section, fallen into from charging aperture
In seal section on star feeder impeller, impeller coordinates with inner walls makes drying and preheating section mutually completely cut off with retort section；
3rd, it is gradually fallen into retort section by lignite block by the rotation of power source impeller through discharging opening in seal section, and certainly
Retort section middle part or bottom are passed through temperature as 700 ~ 750 DEG C of high-temperature coal by " Λ " shape Multi-layer staggered horn shape box set in it
Gas, coal gas of high temperature is common to lignite block progress heating heating pyrolysis step by step, coal gas and destructive distillation with the heating gas risen from cooling section
The horn shape box that the pyrolysis fugitive constituent such as oil gas is set by retort section internal upper part collect after through oil gas vent by gas channel from upper
The expansion chamber of lower lead-in zone dividing plate, makes the dust carried in gas stream formation " W " shape warpage flowing, natural subsidence oil gas, then
It is passed through again after the further dedusting of cyclone dust collectors and imports gas recovery system for oil separation and recovery oil gas；
4th, reclaim the semicoke formed after oil gas and slowly fall into cooling layer, while being passed through cooled coal gas to semicoke from cooling layer bottom
Directly cooled, the coal gas after heating rises to retort section from cooling layer and participates in destructive distillation, is cooled to 130 DEG C of ＜ semicoke by cold
But section bottom is discharged of the coke using reciprocating system.
Embodiment 2
Destructive distillation material is that granularity is less than 80mm and no more than 75mm and accounts for 77%, no more than 75mm and accounted for more than 70mm 23% oil
Shale block, is comprised the following steps that：
1st, above-mentioned oil shale block is gradually put into gas retort drying and preheating section, while self-desiccation preheating pars infrasegmentalis passes through it
The Multi-layer staggered horn shape box inside set is passed through 300 ~ 350 DEG C of heat smoke into lignite block, oil shale block is directly heated to
Exported after the Multi-layer staggered horn shape box at middle part is collected in 150 DEG C of moisture ＜ 1% and temperature ＞, dry flue gas self-desiccation preheating section, warp
Blower fan pressurization is imported as waste heat thermal source is dried from drying and preheating pars infrasegmentalis again after being mixed with heat smoke, and dry waste gas and flue gas are passed through
The Multi-layer staggered horn shape box of drying and preheating section internal upper part is discharged after collecting from the exhaust outlet of upside, is discharged after removing dust to air；
2nd, the oil shale block after drying and preheating is shaken by the outer shaking device set of drying and preheating section, fallen from charging aperture
Enter in seal section on star feeder impeller, impeller coordinates with inner walls makes drying and preheating section mutually completely cut off with retort section；
3rd, dry when the oil shale block in drying and preheating section, it is preheated after, oil shale block shakes in outer wall and filled in seal section
Under the vibrations put, and it is gradually fallen into by retort section through discharging opening by the rotation of power source impeller, and from the middle part of retort section
Or bottom is passed through temperature as 650 ~ 700 DEG C of coal gas of high temperature, coal gas of high temperature by " Λ " shape Multi-layer staggered horn shape box set in it
With heating gas common heated up step by step to the progress of oil shale block the heating pyrolysis, coal gas and carbonization oil gas etc. risen from cooling section
Horn shape box that fugitive constituent is set by retort section internal upper part collect after through oil gas vent by gas channel from top to bottom lead-in zone every
The expansion chamber of plate, making gas stream formation, " W shapes warpage is flowed, the dust carried in natural subsidence oil gas, and whirlwind is then passed through again and is removed
Gas recovery system for oil separation is imported after the further dedusting of dirt device and oil gas is reclaimed；
4th, reclaim the semicoke formed after oil gas and slowly fall into cooling layer, while being passed through cooled coal gas to semicoke from cooling layer bottom
Directly cooled, the coal gas after heating rises to retort section from cooling layer and participates in destructive distillation, is cooled to 150 DEG C of ＜ semicoke by cold
But section bottom is discharged of the coke using water seal rotating disc type system.
Embodiment 3
Destructive distillation material is that 35 ~ 40mm of granularity accounts for 88%, no more than 45mm and accounted for more than 35mm 12% lignite block, specific steps
It is as follows：
1st, above-mentioned lignite block is gradually put into gas retort drying and preheating section, while self-desiccation preheating pars infrasegmentalis passes through in it
If Multi-layer staggered horn shape box 330 ~ 370 DEG C of heat smoke is passed through into lignite block, lignite block is directly heated to moisture
Exported after the Multi-layer staggered horn shape box at middle part is collected in 130 DEG C of ＜ 1% and temperature ＞, dry flue gas self-desiccation preheating section, through blower fan
Pressurization is imported as waste heat thermal source is dried from drying and preheating pars infrasegmentalis again after being mixed with heat smoke, and dry waste gas and flue gas are through drying
The Multi-layer staggered horn shape box of preheating section internal upper part is discharged after collecting from the exhaust outlet of upside, is discharged after removing dust to air；
2nd, the oil shale block after drying and preheating is shaken by the outer shaking device set of drying and preheating section, fallen from charging aperture
Enter in seal section on star feeder impeller, impeller coordinates with inner walls makes drying and preheating section mutually completely cut off with retort section；
3rd, dry when the lignite block in drying and preheating section, it is preheated after, oil shale block is in outer wall shaking device in seal section
Vibrations under, and it is gradually fallen into by retort section through discharging opening by the rotation of power source impeller, and from the middle part of retort section or
Bottom is passed through temperature as 680 ~ 720 DEG C of coal gas of high temperature by " Λ " shape Multi-layer staggered horn shape box set in it, coal gas of high temperature with
The heating gas risen from cooling section is common to destructive distillation raw material progress heating heating pyrolysis step by step, and coal gas and carbonization oil gas etc. are waved
The horn shape box that is set by retort section internal upper part of hair part passes through gas channel lead-in zone dividing plate from top to bottom after collecting through oil gas vent
Expansion chamber, make the dust carried in gas stream formation " W " shape warpage flowing, natural subsidence oil gas, be then introduced into petroleum vapor recovery
System separates and reclaimed oil gas；
4th, reclaim the semicoke formed after oil gas and slowly fall into cooling layer, while being passed through cooled coal gas to semicoke from cooling layer bottom
Directly cooled, the coal gas after heating rises to retort section from cooling layer and participates in destructive distillation, is cooled to 150 DEG C of ＜ semicoke by cold
But section bottom is discharged of the coke using reciprocating system.
Claims (9)
1. four sections of moving bed environment rich gas retorts of a kind of bulk, it is characterised in that the drying including setting gradually from top to bottom is pre-
Hot arc（1）, seal section（2）, retort section（3）, cooling section（4）, the drying and preheating section（1）Top is provided with charging aperture（11）With
Bottom is provided with air inlet（12）, top is away from air inlet（12）End is provided with exhaust outlet（14）, the seal section（2）By interior
The star feeder that portion is set（21）Connect the drying and preheating section on top（1）With the retort section of bottom（3）, the retort section（3）
Middle part or bottom are provided with coal gas of high temperature entrance（31）The oil gas vent connected with gas recovery system for oil is provided with top（32）,
The cooling section（4）With retort section（3）Connection, the cooling section（4）Bottom sets coke outlet（41）Be connected with coking system and
Bottom is provided with cooled coal gas entrance（42）；The drying and preheating section（1）And/or retort section（3）, cooling section（4）Inside it is provided with angle
Shape box（9）Or grid wall, the horn shape box（9）Or grid wall and air inlet（12）And/or coal gas of high temperature entrance（31）, it is cold
Gas entry（42）Connection；The horn shape box（9）With exhaust outlet（14）And/or oil gas vent（32）Connection.
2. gas retort according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the drying and preheating section（1）Middle part is provided with exhanst gas outlet
（13）And pass through blower fan（5）With air inlet（12）Connection.
3. gas retort according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the retort section（3）Outside is provided with gas channel（6）
Downside is provided with the expansion chamber with dividing plate（7）, the oil gas vent（32）With gas channel（6）Top is connected, the oil gas
Passage（6）Bottom is through expansion chamber（7）Connected with gas recovery system for oil.
4. gas retort according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the expansion chamber（7）Set in " W " shape structure and bottom
There is dust outlet（71）, the dust outlet（71）It is provided with valve（72）, the expansion chamber（7）From valve（72）Set up
There is the lower clapboard of upper opening（73）, the expansion chamber（7）In lower clapboard（73）Both sides and gas channel（6）Interface and oil gas go out
The upper spacer from top down and lower openings is respectively arranged between mouthful（74）.
5. gas retort according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the star feeder（21）Including centrally disposed leaf
Wheel（211）With seal section（2）Inwall connects and supports impeller（211）Housing（212）With impeller（211）The deceleration of axle connection
Device（213）And driver（214）And it is respectively arranged at housing（212）The charging aperture of upper and lower side（215）And discharging opening（216）,
The housing（212）Inner side and impeller（211）Outer circumferential radially close fit, the impeller（211）Excircle is provided with
Material containing groove；The drying and preheating section（1）And/or seal section（2）Outer wall is provided with shaking device（8）.
6. gas retort according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in drying and preheating section（1）And retort section（3）Top misplaces
Multilayer horn shape box is set（9）, the horn shape box（9）Add the box-packed knot of the under shed of the side shield of bottom two for " Λ " shape or " Λ " shape
Structure.
7. the method for destructive distillation of any block four sections of moving beds environment rich gas retort described in a kind of utilization claim 1 to 6, it is special
Levy and be to include drying and preheating, sealing, destructive distillation, cooling step, specifically include：
A, drying and preheating：Destructive distillation raw material is gradually put into drying and preheating section, self-desiccation preheating pars infrasegmentalis is passed through 300 ~ 400 DEG C of heat
Flue gas carries out heating heat drying to destructive distillation raw material to 110 DEG C of moisture ＜ 1% and temperature ＞, and dry waste gas is arranged after collecting through upside
Go out；
B, sealing：Destructive distillation raw material after step A drying and preheating is gradually fallen on the star feeder set in seal section, passes through star
Shape batcher and destructive distillation raw material seal off drying and preheating section and retort section；
C, destructive distillation：Destructive distillation raw material in step B enters retort section by the rotation of star feeder through distribution device, from retort section
Middle part or bottom be passed through 650 ~ 750 DEG C of coal gas of high temperature with the heating gas that rises from cooling section it is common destructive distillation raw material is carried out by
Level heating heating pyrolysis, fugitive constituent is exported to gas recovery system for oil by the oil gas vent on retort section top separates and reclaims oil gas；
D, cooling：Semicoke after step C destructive distillation falls into cooling section, from cooling pars infrasegmentalis be passed through cooled coal gas to semicoke carry out cooling and
Its sensible heat is reclaimed, the coal gas after heating rises to retort section and the coal gas of high temperature that is passed through together as destructive distillation thermal source, after cooling
Semicoke is discharged of the coke by cooling section bottom.
8. method for destructive distillation according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the flue gas of the drying and preheating step formation passes through it
The exhanst gas outlet export at middle part is passed through in drying and preheating step as thermal source again after being mixed with heat smoke；The drying and preheating and/
Or sealing step in destructive distillation raw material shaken by shaking device after fall into lower floor.
9. the method for destructive distillation according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that the destructive distillation raw material for 15 ~ 80mm of granularity coal,
Oil shale or oil-sand；Fugitive constituent in the retorting step is led from top to bottom through oil gas vent by large volume of gas channel
Enter expansion chamber formation " V " shape or " W " shape warpage with dividing plate to flow with dedusting.
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| US3526586A (en) * | 1966-10-21 | 1970-09-01 | Arthur L Saxton | Retorting of oil shale |
| CN102260509A (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2011-11-30 | 吴启成 | Methane-circulating retort capable of handling 500 to 1,000 tons of oil shale daily |
| CN102295282B (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2015-11-04 | 北京国电富通科技发展有限责任公司 | Carbonization-activation integral furnace |
| CN103160299B (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2014-08-27 | 中煤能源黑龙江煤化工有限公司 | Fluidized bed low-temperature destructive distillation system and low-temperature destructive distillation method of low-rank coal |
| CN202671496U (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2013-01-16 | 吴植仁 | Vertical low temperature retort furnace |
| CN103242872A (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-14 | 北京低碳清洁能源研究所 | Carbon material pyrolysis device |
| CN103468292B (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2014-12-03 | 王树宽 | Device and method for pyrolyzing pea coal by utilizing internally heated vertical furnace |
| CN204529742U (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-08-05 | 曲靖众一精细化工股份有限公司 | A kind of block four sections of moving-beds rich hydrogen environment gas retort |
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