CN104232127A

CN104232127A - Internal and external heating combination type compound destructive distillation method for granular coals

Info

Publication number: CN104232127A
Application number: CN201310250529.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋佰盈
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-06-24
Filing date: 2013-06-24
Publication date: 2014-12-24

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of coal chemical industry and relates to an internal heating and external heating combination type compound destructive distillation device for granular coals, wherein the device is used for preparing coal tar, shale oil, semicoke and a destructive distillation gas. The device is characterized in that a destructive distillation gas collecting cavity and a middle direct cooler are arranged in the middle part in a destructive distillation furnace body from top to bottom, wherein a destructive distillation oil gas leading-out tube is arranged at one side of the destructive distillation gas collecting cavity; a low temperature destructive distillation section consists of the destructive distillation gas collecting cavity, a thin-layer destructive distillation cavity, a tubular type combustor, a radiation heating cavity and a gas heat carrier outlet; the low temperature destructive distillation section adopts an internal-heating and external-heating combination type destructive distillation technology, wherein the external heating is to carry out built-in combustion in a tubular combustor and heat the raw materials by virtue of radiation heating; the internal heating comprises the following steps of recycled destructive distillation gas from the lower part of the radiation heating cavity is heated to 550-900 DEG C by the outer side of the tubular combustor, then enters a thin-layer destructive distillation cavity from a gas heat carrier outlet to heat and carry out heating pyrolysis on coals; by combining the internal heating with the external heating, the defects that external heating temperature gradient is great and destructive distillation heat transmission time is long, and the treatment amount is small are overcome. The thin-layer destructive distillation technology can be used for lowering the destructive distillation thickness and reducing the material layer resistance mode, and is suitable for treating the raw materials such as coals and oil shale with a grain size of 0.1-30mm.

Description

Thermal bond moulded coal compound method for destructive distillation inside and outside small-particle

Technical field

The invention belongs to coal chemical technology, relate to for preparing coal tar, shale oil, semicoke, carbonization gas, be specially thermal bond moulded coal composite dry distillation unit inside and outside a kind of small-particle.

Background technology

China is the energy structure of the few oil of rich coal, and coal accounts for the proportion of primary energy source consumption about 70%.Have again brown coal (about 13%) and the sub-bituminous coal (about 42%) of about 55% in coal, be high-volatile, High water cut, is rich in organic matter, the low-rank coal (degree of coalification is low) that efficiency of combustion is low.The dominant position of energy expenditure determines to realize coal high-efficiency clean utilization, is solve China's coal burning pollution, oil shortage, realizes the important channel of resource, the energy, environment global optimization and Sustainable development.Extracting directly oil gas/chemical is the inevitable choice that its high-efficiency cleaning utilizes.Carbonization utilizes coal itself to form the mild gasification process of producing with constitutional features and substituting hydrocarbon resources.The oil produced by carbonization belongs to stock oil, can produce oil fuel through hydrogenation, also deep processing can produce fine chemical product.Carbonization is the important mode of production of industrial chemicals, compared with gasification mode, improves the utilization ratio of hydrogen content of coal, compares with direct liquefaction, greatly reduces investment and technical difficulty.Generally there is following requirement to the selection of destructive distillation device: the performance (granularity, oil length, water ratio, heat collapse, calorific value etc.) of raw material and the change for the treatment of capacity can be adapted to.There is the requirements such as relatively high carbonization gas calorific value, raw material availability, low sewage waste gas waste sludge discharge.

Medium temperature carbonization technique

With non-caking coal, weakly caking coal 25-120mm lump coal is raw material, adopts medium temperature carbonization stove retorting technique, and in Datong District, northern Shensi, Inner Mongol, northeast, the ground such as Xinjiang extensively adopts.By the type of heating of medium temperature carbonization stove to coal destructive distillation, can be divided three classes:

External-heat medium temperature carbonization stove.Heat required for coal charge retort process, by firing tunnel in coking furnace after combustion chambers burn, is imported into heat by furnace wall, and coal charge is under the condition of isolated air, and the heat transfer type based on thermal conduction carries out dry distillation charring.

Its principal feature of this kind of type of furnace is, the charing coal gas combustibleconstituents content of destructive distillation gained is high, and gaseous mass is good, and calorific value is high, generally can reach 3300 ~ 3700kcal/m3, semicoke constant product quality.

Internal heat type medium temperature carbonization stove.Heat required for coal charge retort process is directly entered in coking chamber by high-temperature flue gas and carries out Contact Heating with coal charge.Heat transfer type based on convection heat transfer carries out dry distillation charring.

Its feature: because a large amount of flue gas enters coking chamber, enhance the heating rate to coal charge, carbonization time is short, it is large that burnt ability is produced in the charing of unit volume.But its coal gas produced, due to containing a large amount of N2 and CO2(about 60 ~ 65%), calorific value is low, is generally 1100 ~ 1300kcal/m3.Coal semicoke quality product is good, but owing to there is remaining oxygen in flue gas, in coking chamber and fuel combustion, can make surface attachment ash, affect quality, and lose coal charge, and it is low to produce burnt rate.

Inside and outside backheat mating type medium temperature carbonization stove.Simultaneously this kind of type of furnace adopts to reclaim the coal gas after tar through condensing cooling on external heating type medium temperature carbonization furnace foundation, part enters the cooling section of bottom of carbonization chamber, cool by the upgraded coal going out body of heater, make full use of the sensible heat of upgraded coal, the coal gas introduced in coking chamber is heated up, enters retort section.Both the heat of coking chamber destructive distillation inside had been added, and enhance the effect of transmission of heat by convection, the acceleration charing that the coal gas that the high heating value making this medium temperature carbonization vapourizing furnace have external-heat medium temperature carbonization stove concurrently to produce, gaseous mass are good and internal heat type medium temperature carbonization stove have, improves the feature that unit volume produces burnt ability.

The gas retort of carbonization gas recycle gas thermal barrier

This type of is the internal heat type type of furnace of gaseous heat-carrier, and the thermal barrier of heating is circulation carbonization gas, and destructive distillation oil gas is after purification, send carbonization gas process furnace to heat, heat the gaseous heat-carrier of about 700 DEG C, send through air channel in the middle part of gas retort, enter in destructive distillation raw material by cloth wind even structure, carry out destructive distillation.Advantage is owing to being rich in hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide etc. in circulation gas, and oil has the phenomenon of lighting relatively, and oily yield is higher.

Abel Kiviat stove:

For upright columnar gas combustion retort (structure is as figure).There is rectangle combustion chamber both sides in the middle of the stove first half and in the middle part of stove, air is passed into and destructive distillation circulation gas burns by burner, the heat smoke generated enters two destructive distillation room heating shale on stove top as thermal barrier, destructive distillation room is thin layer rectangle, be conducive to gas distribution and reduce resistance, the oil vapour radial direction generated derives, and decreases condensing steps again, is also conducive to the type of furnace and amplifies.Resinous shale block footpath 25 ~ 100mm, thermo-efficiency about 73%, day process 1kt oil shale retort stove puts into production.

Inquire about through State Patent Office's CD the Chinese Academy of Sciences's process retrieved retorting technique be: coal low temperature directional thermal decomposition liquefaction gas technology, its dry distillation reactor device is external-heat heating, the mode of air collecting chamber is adopted to collect oil gas, concrete patent content is as follows: the patent No.: 201110098415.3., patent name: a kind of enhancement method of carbonaceous material pyrolysis and device.The patent No.: 201210069945.X, patent name: a kind of for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization device and method.This technology adopts inner member structure, strengthens the effect of heat transfer, reaches the function of enhances pyrolysis, increases the treatment capacity of unit.Carbonization gas calorific value is high.

The gas retort of external-heat, heat is imported into by furnace wall, and coal charge is under the condition of isolated air, and the heat transfer type based on thermal conduction carries out dry distillation charring.Will reach destructive distillation effect completely like this, comparatively large with the temperature difference of furnace wall in the middle of coal, there is gradient in the temperature field of destructive distillation, otherwise does not have the impellent of heat transfer, and solid heat transfer is slow simultaneously, and topmost shortcoming is that treatment capacity is little.

The gas volume of internal heat type is comparatively large, and band dust quantity is therefore more.Gas transmitting power consumption is simultaneously large.The raw material of inapplicable process small particle size, the Pei Teluosekesi stove that carbonization gas recycle gas thermal barrier class gas retort is mainly Brazilian, China becomes the recycle to extinction stove of large group.Especially Pei Teluosekesi stove, shortcoming is that carbonization gas purification system is huge in order to overcome process furnace carbon deposit, and the large power consumption of gas circulation amount is also large.Relative investment is high.

Inside and outside backheat mating type medium temperature carbonization vapourizing furnace: the mainly vertical type type of furnace of Kao Baisi stove class, the shortcoming of such stove is when doing destructive distillation, and especially the raw material gap of small particle size is little, and air resistance is large, can not utilize the raw material of end or small particle size.

For the raw material of process Large stone, no matter adopting that mode, is all that heat conducts heat from outside to inside, and because particle diameter is large, be first that heat transfer time is long, retorting time is long, and treatment capacity is relatively little.The more important thing is because high-temperature zone is all the time at skin, and much ability higher than the best destructive distillation final temperature of raw material inwardly heat transfer, when donor center temperature reaches best pyrolysis temperature, tar is from central section pyrolytic tar, have to pass through high-temperature zone during outside release, tar produces second pyrolysis, and tar oil becomes heavy, oil mass reduces, and pyrolysis gas increases.This is also why general block destructive distillation is medium temperature carbonization, and can not be the major reason of low-temperature pyrolysis.

Inner member enhances pyrolysis technology:

This technology is newer technology, and feature is enhancement of heat transfer, requires structurally to add more heat transfer piece, and refractory metal consumption is large, and cost is high; Owing to being the indirect heating by metal, raw material is divided into different intervals by inner member, and the heat transfer of raw material has greatly improved, but is still uneven; Complex structure requires high to the obstruction of raw material and cohesiveness simultaneously, and the use range of raw material is diminished; Under the complicated high temperature of metal construction, the impact of flow of metal on equipment is more.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to utilize end and short grained raw material destructive distillation, improve the utilization ratio of raw material; Make full use of the semicoke heat of destructive distillation, the energy consumption reducing destructive distillation adopts low-temperature burning technology, and the discharged nitrous oxides produced when reducing gas fuel combustion, realizes green energy resource novel process; Improve tar yield and oily light, the combustion gas of by-product high heating value, improve the utilization ratio of feed hydrogen; Find a kind of less investment, the leading technique that the destructive distillation of good economy performance, pyrolysis, upgraded coal and resinous shale utilize.The object of the present invention is achieved like this: it can be combined by single or several monomer destructive distillation bodies of heater, and destructive distillation body of heater comprises feeding chamber, charging machine, dryer section, low-temperature pyrolysis section, medium temperature carbonization section, the direct cooling section of middle temperature semicoke gas, low temperature semicoke water cooling chamber, blanking machine, tremie pipe, carbonization gas air collecting chamber, thin layer destructive distillation chamber, pipe burner, radiation heating chamber, gaseous heat-carrier exports, gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet, middle directly cold gas spout, gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet, water-cooled tube, fuel gas preheater, the fin of pipe burner, destructive distillation body of heater, destructive distillation body of heater upper end is provided with feeding chamber, charging machine, bottom is provided with blanking machine, tremie pipe, is characterized in that: the both sides in destructive distillation body of heater are provided with identical described pipe burner, radiation heating chamber, gaseous heat-carrier exports, gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet, gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet, water-cooled tube, in destructive distillation body of heater, middle part is top-down is provided with described carbonization gas air collecting chamber, middle direct cooler, destructive distillation oil gas fairlead is installed in carbonization gas air collecting chamber side.

Described low-temperature pyrolysis section comprises carbonization gas air collecting chamber, thin layer destructive distillation chamber, pipe burner, radiation heating chamber, gaseous heat-carrier outlet; The described direct cooling section of middle temperature semicoke gas comprises gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet, middle directly cold gas spout, gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet.

Exported by described carbonization gas air collecting chamber, thin layer destructive distillation chamber, pipe burner, radiation heating chamber, gaseous heat-carrier, formed low-temperature pyrolysis section, low-temperature pyrolysis section is Nei Re and outer thermal bond retorting technique, outer heat, by pipe burner built-in combustion, relies on radiant heat heating raw; Interior heat is the circulation carbonization gas on bottom, radiation heating chamber, outside pipe burner, be heated to 550 to 900 DEG C, enter thin layer destructive distillation chamber through gaseous heat-carrier outlet, heating pyrolysis is carried out to coal, overcome outer hot thermograde by inside and outside thermal bond large, destructive distillation heat transfer time long process amount is little.

The temperature of described pipe burner, between 600 ~ 950 DEG C, reduces the generation of the oxynitride of gas heating power type, from the discharge of source decreasing pollution thing, controls pyrolysis temperature flexibly, for the segmentation destructive distillation realizing low temperature and middle temperature is given security according to need of production; The thickness in described thin layer destructive distillation chamber is arranged between 100mm ~ 800mm, and actual (real) thickness becomes according to property of raw material difference; Retort section is divided into described low-temperature pyrolysis section and described medium temperature carbonization section two sections, low-temperature pyrolysis section is gentle destructive distillation mainly, effect is the tar for obtaining lightweight, medium temperature carbonization section mainly reaches complete destructive distillation and is more separated by the protium in raw material, obtains methane and the hydrogen of Fu Qing; Retort section is middle is carbonization gas air collecting chamber, both sides are thin layer destructive distillation chambeies, outside is pipe burner, radiation heating chamber, both sides, thin layer destructive distillation chamber stop that solid material passes through, gas by pane formula heat transfer wall, simultaneously radiant heat can be transmitted in the ventilation space of wall; Described carbonization gas air collecting chamber and the front in radiation heating chamber are rectangle, and side is shape wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and when this shape makes the dry distillation of coal, the window shutter of air collecting chamber and the inwall in radiation heating chamber are reverse V-shaped, make coal charge descending easier, prevent raw material to build bridge blocking.

The described direct cooling section of middle temperature semicoke gas establishes cold destructive distillation circulation gas gas distribution structure, middle directly cold gas spout both sides are hot semicokes, be the window format structure of gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet outside semicoke, the destructive distillation circulation gas after heat exchange enters burner radiation heating chamber by it.

Destructive distillation heat supply adopts pipe burner, and pipe burner can adopt circle, square structure, and pipe burner can adopt and is arranged on separately in radiation heating chamber, can also adopts the mode be combined into one with radiation heating chamber.The burner be combined into one need establish the functions such as the structure-reinforced heat transfer of fin type and abrasionproof.Described method is realized by following steps:

The acceptable material that step one, particle diameter are less than 30mm send warehouse, and send raw material drying device dry through belt I, raw material enters from moisture eliminator upper entrance, and the flue gas from gas retort enters from raw material drying device bottom, carries out counter current drying from bottom to top to raw material; Raw material surface water is evaporated.Raw material removes moisture content at moisture eliminator inner drying, and remove tiny dust simultaneously, the dried feed of granularity between 0.5mm ~ 30mm scope after water content reduces, send into through belt II in the feeding chamber of destructive distillation furnace roof and store, raw material in feeding chamber enters stove top through top filling machine, the vapour lock formed by dried feed and the common destructive distillation oil gas that stops of charging machine sealing leak, raw material drying section enters the thin layer destructive distillation chamber of low-temperature pyrolysis section, radiant heat and gaseous heat-carrier sensible heat is jointly provided by pipe burner and air heat carrier outlet, by heating raw materials low-temperature pyrolysis, carbonization generates carbonization gas, tar, semicoke, raw material after low-temperature pyrolysis enters medium temperature carbonization section, medium temperature carbonization heat provides radiant heat by the pipe burner of bottom, to the coal heating after low-temperature pyrolysis, make destructive distillation complete and voluminous carbonization gas, fully change the hydrogen in coal into gas, simultaneously as in the sealing of the direct cooling section gas of warm semicoke gas, destructive distillation oil gas (carbonization gas and tar) enters carbonization gas air collecting chamber, gas retort is drawn through fairlead, destructive distillation is advanced into the direct cooling section of middle temperature semicoke gas under raw material semicoke completely, the circulation carbonization gas direct heat exchange sprayed with direct cold gas spout and gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet is lowered the temperature, lower the temperature through low temperature semicoke water cooling chamber again, the most laggard as the cooling of fuel gas preheater, semicoke cools, through blanking machine, tremie pipe discharges gas retort.

Step 2, destructive distillation oil gas are drawn through gas retort, enter coke tar recovery system, reclaim heavy tar, middle oil.Oil is received again through electric trap for oil.The carbonization gas received after oil pressurizes through carbonization gas booster fan, a part send the desulfurization of carbonization gas desulphurization system, the gases such as the hydrogen sulfide deviate from send process outside through hydrogen sulfide output tube major part, a part adds in circulation carbonization gas through hydrogen sulfide transferpump, by increasing the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in carbonization gas, for low-temperature pyrolysis provides hydrogen donor, play the effect of tar lighting, sweet dry gas send a point hydrogen system separating hydrogen gas, hydrogen is sent outside through hydrogen output tube, dry gas after dehydrogenation is as fuel pneumatic transmission gas retort fuel gas preheater preheats, the air stoichiometry sending pipe burner and blower fan to send after preheating burns, and according to the best pyrolysis temperature of raw material, control combustion actuator temperature provides heat for low-temperature pyrolysis section and medium temperature carbonization section.The flue gas that pipe burner is discharged, send raw material drying device dried feed.Drying device top flue gas is exported to dust separation, send chimney emptying after smoke filtration through blower fan.Another part, without carbonization gas desulphurization system, directly send the gas blowout mouth of the direct cooling section of the high-temperature semi-coke of gas retort, enters in high-temperature semi-coke, to semicoke cooling, simultaneously gas heating.One partial gas is directly to the certain thick seam of upper warp, enter carbonization gas air collecting chamber, major part passes semicoke thin layer through gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet, enter radiation heating chamber, gas reaches pyrolysis temperature through heating, enters thin layer destructive distillation chamber through gaseous heat-carrier outlet, destructive distillation raw material, generate destructive distillation oil gas, destructive distillation oil gas collects oil gas through carbonization gas air collecting chamber, draws gas retort through outlet.

Step one Raw particle diameter is coal or the shale of 0mm to 30mm; In step one, the flue-gas temperature of tubular type roasting kiln is between 150 DEG C to 250 DEG C; Step one low-temperature pyrolysis section pyrolysis temperature controls between 480 DEG C to 650 DEG C, and medium temperature carbonization section pyrolysis temperature controls between 650 DEG C to 900 DEG C; The temperature of combustion of step one pipe burner controls between 600 DEG C to 950 DEG C, and realizing low nitrogen burning is also low-temperature pyrolysis section and the heat supply of medium temperature carbonization section.

The oil-collecting ratio of step 2 reaches 83% ~ 92%(lattice gold oil length); Step 2 circulation gas power consumption comparatively recycle to extinction gaseous heat-carrier reduces by 70%; The concentration of the hydrogen sulfide in step 2 in circulation gas controls between 1 to 2 times of the former concentration of hydrogen sulfide of carbonization gas, for destructive distillation provides active high hydrogen supply material, and the lighting function of strengthening tar; Comparatively external-heat heat-transfer intensity improves 1.5 to 4 times; Low-temperature pyrolysis section retorting time 1 to 3 hour, blanking velocity 0.8 to 2.5 m/h.

The another kind of form of low-temperature pyrolysis section: namely the position of radiation heating chamber and carbonization gas air collecting chamber is exchanged, radiation heating chamber is arranged on centre and becomes one, carbonization gas air collecting chamber is arranged on outside and becomes two, corresponding destructive distillation oil gas fairlead becomes two, middle installation is also changed in gaseous heat-carrier outlet simultaneously, gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet, and gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet is arranged on above middle direct cooler.

The technical characterstic that the materialbeds comminution of the present invention's comprehensive Abel Kiviat stove thin layer destructive distillation is little; The vertical type stove semicoke heats such as inside and outside thermal bond destructive distillation fully reclaim, the low constructional feature of arranging with body of heater assembled arrangement of energy consumption; The technical concept of Pei Teluosekesi stove and full circulation carbonization furnace, on the advantage basis of drawing the above-mentioned type of furnace, opening one's minds is combined with tubular type low NO group, reaches energy-saving and cost-reducing, the effect of low pollution emission.

First the utilization of energy consumption from strengthening Pyrolysis Char heat is reduced: the high position heat of semicoke is combined with destructive distillation, the low level of semicoke heat is combined with heating tube; Reduce the thermosteresis of semicoke; Low-temperature flue gas is used for raw material drying, recovery waste heat.Secondly gas retort is combined with process furnace, reduces the cost of process furnace, and overall body of heater thermosteresis reduces; Finally burn for destructive distillation heat by gas low temperature, reduce the discharge of oxynitride.

Accompanying drawing illustrates: Fig. 1 is the thin layer composite method for destructive distillation principle flow chart of thermal bond inside and outside small-particle of the present invention; Fig. 2 is destructive distillation body of heater cross-section structure principle schematic of the present invention; Fig. 3 is carbonization gas air collecting chamber of the present invention, thin layer destructive distillation chamber, radiation heating chamber section plan structure principle schematic; Fig. 4 is pipe burner of the present invention straight mounting means structural principle schematic diagram; Fig. 5 is pipe burner of the present invention U-shaped mounting means structural principle schematic diagram; Fig. 6 is that radiation heating chamber of the present invention integrally combines installation form structural principle schematic diagram; Fig. 7 is that radiation heating chamber of the present invention arranges separately form installation form structural principle schematic diagram.

Embodiment: it comprises feeding chamber 1, charging machine 2, dryer section 3, low-temperature pyrolysis section 4, medium temperature carbonization section 5, the direct cooling section 6 of middle temperature semicoke gas, low temperature semicoke water cooling chamber 7, blanking machine 8, tremie pipe 9, carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11, pipe burner 12, radiation heating chamber 13, gaseous heat-carrier outlet 14, gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15, middle directly cold gas spout 16, gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet 17, water-cooled tube 18, fuel gas preheater 19, the fin 20 of pipe burner, destructive distillation body of heater 37, destructive distillation body of heater 37 upper end is provided with feeding chamber 1, charging machine 2, bottom is provided with blanking machine 8, tremie pipe 9, is characterized in that: the both sides in destructive distillation body of heater 37 are provided with identical described pipe burner 12, radiation heating chamber 13, gaseous heat-carrier outlet 14, gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15, gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet 17, water-cooled tube 18, in destructive distillation body of heater 37, middle part is top-down is provided with described carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, middle direct cooler 38, described low-temperature pyrolysis section 4 comprises carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11, pipe burner 12, radiation heating chamber 13, gaseous heat-carrier outlet 14, the described direct cooling section 6 of middle temperature semicoke gas comprises gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15, middle directly cold gas spout 16, gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet 17.

Exported 14 by described carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11, pipe burner 12, radiation heating chamber 13, gaseous heat-carrier, formed low-temperature pyrolysis section 4, low-temperature pyrolysis section 4 is Nei Re and outer thermal bond retorting technique, outer heat, by pipe burner 12 built-in combustion, relies on radiant heat heating raw; Interior heat is the circulation carbonization gas on bottom, radiation heating chamber 13,550 to 900 DEG C are heated to outside pipe burner 12, thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11 is entered through gaseous heat-carrier outlet 14, heating pyrolysis is carried out to coal, overcome outer hot thermograde by inside and outside thermal bond large, destructive distillation heat transfer time long process amount is little.

The temperature of described pipe burner 12 is between 600 ~ 950 DEG C, reduce the generation of the oxynitride of gas heating power type, from the discharge of source decreasing pollution thing, control pyrolysis temperature flexibly according to need of production, for the segmentation destructive distillation realizing low temperature and middle temperature is given security; The thickness in described thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11 is arranged between 100mm ~ 800mm, and actual (real) thickness becomes according to property of raw material difference; Retort section is divided into described low-temperature pyrolysis section 4 and described medium temperature carbonization section 5 two sections, low-temperature pyrolysis section 4 is gentle destructive distillation mainly, effect is the tar for obtaining lightweight, medium temperature carbonization section 5 mainly reaches complete destructive distillation and is more separated by the protium in raw material, obtains methane and the hydrogen of Fu Qing; Retort section is middle is carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, both sides are thin layer destructive distillation chambeies 11, outside is pipe burner 12, radiation heating chamber 13, both sides, thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11 stop that solid material passes through, gas by pane formula heat transfer wall, simultaneously radiant heat can be transmitted in the ventilation space of wall; Described carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10 and the front in radiation heating chamber 13 are rectangle, side is shape wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, when this shape makes the dry distillation of coal, the window shutter of air collecting chamber 10 and the inwall in radiation heating chamber 13 are reverse V-shaped, make coal charge descending easier, prevent raw material to build bridge blocking.

The described direct cooling section of middle temperature semicoke gas 6 establishes cold destructive distillation circulation gas gas distribution structure, middle directly cold gas spout 16 both sides are hot semicokes, be the window format structure of gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15 outside semicoke, the destructive distillation circulation gas after heat exchange enters burner radiation heating chamber 13 by it.

Destructive distillation heat supply adopts pipe burner, and pipe burner can adopt circle, square structure, and pipe burner can adopt and is arranged on separately in radiation heating chamber, can also adopts the mode be combined into one with radiation heating chamber.The burner be combined into one need establish the functions such as the structure-reinforced heat transfer of fin type and abrasionproof.The layout likeness in form of pipe burner and quantity can adjust according to actual needs, are not subject to the restriction of embodiment and figure.

Described method is realized by following steps:

The acceptable material that step one, particle diameter are less than 30mm send warehouse 21, send raw material drying device 23 dry through belt I 22, raw material enters from moisture eliminator 23 upper entrance, and the flue gas from gas retort enters from raw material drying device 23 bottom, carries out counter current drying from bottom to top to raw material; Raw material surface water is evaporated.Raw material removes moisture content at moisture eliminator 23 inner drying, and remove tiny dust simultaneously, the dried feed of granularity between 0.5mm ~ 30mm after water content reduces, send into through belt II 24 in the feeding chamber 1 of destructive distillation furnace roof and store, raw material in feeding chamber 1 enters stove top through top filling machine 2, the vapour lock formed by dried feed and charging machine 2 seal the common destructive distillation oil gas that stops and leak, raw material drying section 3 enters the thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11 of low-temperature pyrolysis section 4, radiant heat and gaseous heat-carrier sensible heat is jointly provided by pipe burner 12 and air heat carrier outlet 14, by heating raw materials low-temperature pyrolysis, carbonization generates carbonization gas, tar, semicoke, raw material after low-temperature pyrolysis enters medium temperature carbonization section 5, medium temperature carbonization heat provides radiant heat by the pipe burner 12 of bottom, to the coal heating after low-temperature pyrolysis, make destructive distillation complete and voluminous carbonization gas, fully change the hydrogen in coal into gas, simultaneously as in the sealing of warm semicoke gas direct cooling section 6 gas, destructive distillation oil gas (carbonization gas and tar) enters carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, gas retort is drawn through fairlead, destructive distillation is advanced into the direct cooling section 6 of middle temperature semicoke gas under raw material semicoke completely, the circulation carbonization gas direct heat exchange sprayed with direct cold gas spout 16 and gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet 17 is lowered the temperature, lower the temperature through low temperature semicoke water cooling chamber 7 again, the most laggardly to lower the temperature as fuel gas preheater 19, semicoke cools, through blanking machine 8, tremie pipe 9 discharges gas retort.

Step 2, destructive distillation oil gas are drawn through gas retort, enter coke tar recovery system 25, reclaim heavy tar, middle oil.Oil is received again through electric trap for oil 26.The carbonization gas received after oil pressurizes through carbonization gas booster fan 27, a part send carbonization gas desulphurization system 28 desulfurization, the gases such as the hydrogen sulfide deviate from send process outside through hydrogen sulfide output tube 29 major part, a part adds in circulation carbonization gas through hydrogen sulfide transferpump 36, by increasing the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in carbonization gas, for low-temperature pyrolysis provides hydrogen donor, play the effect of tar lighting, sweet dry gas send point hydrogen system 30 separating hydrogen gas, hydrogen is sent outside through hydrogen output tube 31, dry gas after dehydrogenation is as the preheating of fuel pneumatic transmission gas retort fuel gas preheater 19, the air stoichiometry sending pipe burner 12 and blower fan 32 to send after preheating burns, and according to the best pyrolysis temperature of raw material, control combustion actuator temperature provides heat for low-temperature pyrolysis section 4 and medium temperature carbonization section 5.The flue gas that pipe burner 12 is discharged, send raw material drying device 23 dried feed.Drying device 23 top flue gas is exported to dust separation 33, send chimney 35 emptying after smoke filtration through blower fan 34.Another part, without carbonization gas desulphurization system 28, directly send the gas blowout mouth 16 of the direct cooling section 6 of the high-temperature semi-coke of gas retort, enters in high-temperature semi-coke, to semicoke cooling, simultaneously gas heating.One partial gas is directly to the certain thick seam of upper warp, enter carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, major part passes semicoke thin layer through gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15, enter radiation heating chamber 13, gas reaches pyrolysis temperature through heating, enters thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11 through gaseous heat-carrier outlet 14, destructive distillation raw material, generate destructive distillation oil gas, destructive distillation oil gas collects oil gas through carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, draws gas retort through destructive distillation oil gas vent 39.

Step one Raw particle diameter is coal or the shale of 0mm to 30mm; In step one, the flue-gas temperature of tubular type roasting kiln is between 150 DEG C to 250 DEG C; Step one low-temperature pyrolysis section 4 pyrolysis temperature controls between 480 DEG C to 650 DEG C, and medium temperature carbonization section 5 pyrolysis temperature controls between 650 DEG C to 900 DEG C; The temperature of combustion of step one pipe burner 12 controls between 600 DEG C to 950 DEG C, and realizing low nitrogen burning is also low-temperature pyrolysis section 4 and medium temperature carbonization section 5 heat supply.

The oil-collecting ratio of step 2 reaches 83% ~ 92%(lattice gold oil length); Step 2 circulation gas power consumption comparatively recycle to extinction gaseous heat-carrier reduces by 70%; The concentration of the hydrogen sulfide in step 2 in circulation gas controls between 1 to 2 times of the former concentration of hydrogen sulfide of carbonization gas, for destructive distillation provides active high hydrogen supply material, and the lighting function of strengthening tar; Comparatively external-heat heat-transfer intensity improves 1.5 to 4 times; Low-temperature pyrolysis section 4 retorting time 1 to 3 hour, blanking velocity 0.8 to 2.5 m/h.The another kind of form of low-temperature pyrolysis section 4: namely radiation heating chamber 13 is exchanged with the position of carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, radiation heating chamber 13 is arranged on centre and becomes one, carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10 is arranged on outside and becomes two, corresponding destructive distillation oil gas fairlead 39 becomes two, middle installation is also changed in gaseous heat-carrier outlet simultaneously 14, gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15, and gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15 is arranged on above middle direct cooler 38.

In cryogenic gas thermal barrier warp, the direct cooling section gas spout of warm semicoke gas sprays into, the sensible heat absorbing high-temperature semi-coke heats up, lower the temperature to semicoke simultaneously, small part hot gas directly rises and enters into carbonization gas gas collector, the spout of major part through outside enters the cavity of pipe burner, heat further through pipe burner, retort section is entered by spout, radiant heat with pipe burner gives raw material heat supply jointly, due to the heat transfer effect of gaseous heat-carrier, the thermograde of thin layer stock both sides reduces, homogeneous heating.The destructive distillation oil gas generated and gaseous heat-carrier discharge gas retort by carbonization gas gas collector, and tar removing reclaims and aftertreatment device.The carbonization gas of the purification after hydrogen is divided through desulfurization, preheating cavity is entered from the entrance of stove bottom cryogenic fuel gas preheating section, after preheating, enter pipe burner and air carries out low-temperature burning, for destructive distillation heat supply, the low-temperature flue gas of discharge, through raw material drying device dried feed, simultaneously by thin for part dirt blowout, reduces the band particle concentration of raw material.

The acceptable material that particle diameter is less than 30mm send warehouse 21, send raw material drying device 23 dry through belt I 22, raw material enters from moisture eliminator 23 upper entrance, and 150 DEG C to the 250 DEG C flue gases from gas retort enter from raw material drying device 23 bottom, carry out counter current drying from bottom to top to raw material; Raw material surface water is evaporated.Raw material removes moisture content at moisture eliminator 23 inner drying, and remove tiny dust simultaneously, the dried feed of granularity between 0.1mm ~ 30mm after water content reduces, send into through belt II 24 in the feeding chamber 1 of destructive distillation furnace roof and store, raw material in feeding chamber 1 enters stove top through top filling machine 2, the vapour lock formed by dried feed and charging machine 2 seal the common destructive distillation oil gas that stops and leak, raw material drying section 3 enters the thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11 of low-temperature pyrolysis section 4, radiant heat and gaseous heat-carrier sensible heat is jointly provided by pipe burner 12 and air heat carrier outlet 14, by heating raw materials to low-temperature pyrolysis between 480 ~ 600 DEG C, carbonization generates carbonization gas, tar, semicoke, raw material after low-temperature pyrolysis enters medium temperature carbonization section 5, medium temperature carbonization heat provides radiant heat by the pipe burner 12 of bottom, to the coal heating after low-temperature pyrolysis, make destructive distillation complete and voluminous carbonization gas, fully change the hydrogen in coal into gas, simultaneously as in the sealing of warm semicoke gas direct cooling section 6 gas, destructive distillation oil gas (carbonization gas and tar) enters carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, gas retort is drawn through fairlead, destructive distillation is advanced into the direct cooling section 6 of middle temperature semicoke gas under raw material semicoke completely, the circulation carbonization gas direct heat exchange sprayed with direct cold gas spout 16 and 17 is lowered the temperature, lower the temperature through semicoke water cooling chamber 17 again, the most laggardly to lower the temperature as fuel gas preheater 19, semicoke is cooled to less than 100 DEG C, through blanking machine 8, tremie pipe 9 discharges gas retort.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing in detail preferred embodiment is described in detail: monomer destructive distillation body of heater 37 is with medullary ray symmetrical structure from the side.Body of heater outside is provided with heat insulation layer, and inside is each parts of gas retort.Low-temperature pyrolysis section 4 comprises: carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11, pipe burner 12, radiation heating chamber 13, when pipe burner 12 and gaseous heat-carrier export 14 adopt integrally combine form time, there is fin 20 side that pipe burner 12 is positioned at thin layer destructive distillation chamber, for the protection of pipe burner 12, make pipe burner 12 wear-resisting, and enhancement of heat transfer effect, gaseous heat-carrier outlet 14; The direct cooling section 6 of middle temperature semicoke gas comprises: gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15, middle directly cold gas spout 16, gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet 17; Wherein destructive distillation air collecting chamber 10 is by the ventilative wall with parallel two pieces of shutters, and two of window shutter is connected with body of heater side, surrounds cavity.The top seal of the air collecting chamber 10 of destructive distillation simultaneously, bottom is hatch frame, top seal does not make raw material enter, the raw material discharge destructive distillation air collecting chamber 10 that lower openings facilitates laying dust and is strayed into, the function of destructive distillation air collecting chamber 10 is that destructive distillation oil gas destructive distillation produced is joined concentrated, and the opening destructive distillation oil gas outlet 39 through side draws body of heater; Thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11 is combined by the side of destructive distillation air collecting chamber 10 and air heat carrier outlet 14(or pipe burner 12 and air heat carrier outlet 14) principal space of low-temperature pyrolysis section 4 that surrounds with gas retort side of the top, radiation heating chamber 13 that forms; The function in thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11 is by radiant heat and the common heat supply of gaseous heat-carrier, and strengthening destructive distillation effect, improves destructive distillation treatment capacity, carry out low-temperature pyrolysis to raw material; Radiation heating chamber 13 be by destructive distillation boiler face and gaseous heat-carrier export 14 and gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15(or pipe burner 12, gaseous heat-carrier export 14, gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15) surround with destructive distillation boiler face, in-built pipe burner 12, function is the workspace of radiation heating gaseous heat-carrier and the direct destructive distillation of radiant heat.

The direct cooling section 6 of middle temperature semicoke gas is by gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15, and middle directly cold gas spout 16, gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet 17, water cooler 38 is formed.And the direct cooling section 6 of middle temperature semicoke gas is divided into left and right two portions.Function is that the dry gas of low temperature enters water cooler 38, through centre, direct cold gas spout 16 sprays to middle temperature semicoke cooling, a part enters radiation heating chamber 13 through half focus layer through gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15, another part is up directly to be entered carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10 destructive distillation oil gas by half focus layer and draws through gas retort oil gas mouth, enter coke tar recovery system 25, reclaim heavy tar, middle oil.Oil is received again through electric trap for oil 26.Receive the carbonization gas after oil through carbonization gas booster fan 27, be pressurized to 2.5kpa ~ 20kpa, a part send carbonization gas desulphurization system 28 desulfurization, the gases such as the hydrogen sulfide deviate from send process outside through hydrogen sulfide output tube 29 major part, a part adds in circulation carbonization gas through hydrogen sulfide transferpump 36, by increasing the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in carbonization gas, for low-temperature pyrolysis provides hydrogen donor, play the effect of tar lighting, sweet dry gas send point hydrogen system 30 separating hydrogen gas, hydrogen is sent outside through hydrogen output tube 31, dry gas after dehydrogenation is as the preheating of fuel pneumatic transmission gas retort fuel gas preheater 19, the air stoichiometry sending pipe burner 12 and blower fan 32 to send after preheating burns, and according to the best pyrolysis temperature of raw material, control combustion actuator temperature between 600 ~ 950 DEG C for low-temperature pyrolysis section 4 and medium temperature carbonization section 5 provide heat.150 ~ 250 DEG C of flue gases that pipe burner 12 is discharged, send raw material drying device 23 dried feed.Drying device 23 top flue gas is exported to dust separation 33, send chimney 35 emptying after smoke filtration through blower fan 34.Another part, without carbonization gas desulphurization system 28, directly send the gas blowout mouth 16 of the direct cooling section 6 of middle temperature semicoke of gas retort, enters in high-temperature semi-coke, to semicoke cooling, simultaneously gas heating.One partial gas is directly to the certain thick seam of upper warp, enter carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, major part passes semicoke thin layer through gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15, enter radiation heating chamber 13, gas reaches pyrolysis temperature through heating, enters thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11 through gaseous heat-carrier outlet 14, destructive distillation raw material, generate destructive distillation oil gas, destructive distillation oil gas collects oil gas through carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, draws gas retort through outlet destructive distillation oil gas fairlead 39.In the present invention, the extraction of other destructive distillation oil gas is all complete through pipe 40.

The present invention has following beneficial effect:

1, the destructive distillation mode of Nei Re and outer thermal bond, overcomes the shortcoming that outer hot thermograde is large, and overall destructive distillation device medial temperature reduces, and energy consumption reduces, and pyrolysis temperature reduces simultaneously, to produce semi coking tar quality good; 2, the destructive distillation mode of Nei Re and outer thermal bond, overcomes interior hot gas thermal barrier consumption large, the shortcoming that power consumption is large, and comparatively external-heat destructive distillation improves treatment capacity again, and adopt low gas velocity destructive distillation, in tar, dust-producing amount is few, and quality of coke tar is good simultaneously; 3, thin layer retorting technique, reduces destructive distillation thickness, reduces materialbeds comminution mode, adapts to the raw material such as coal, resinous shale of process raw material particle size scope at 0.1 ~ 30mm; 4, cryogenic gas combustion technology is adopted, control the temperature of pipe burner, reduce the generation of the oxynitride of gas heating power type, raw from source decreasing pollution produce, dusty gas discharge significantly reduces, and is not increasing under investment situation, oxynitride can be reduced discharging, reduce environment-friendlydenitration denitration to drop into, meet the common prescription of economy and environmental protection, economic and social benefit is remarkable; The 5 flue gas drying raw materials utilizing pipe burner to discharge also by the fine dust blowout in raw material, are avoided entering in destructive distillation oil gas, dust quantity minimizing in oil gas, and oil quality is good; The feature of 6 techniques is small-particle raw materials of process 0.1 ~ 30mm, improves raw material availability; Inside and outside 7, thermal bond improves the treatment capacity of unit, relatively reduces investment outlay, and improves economy; 8 adopt integrated energy saving technology, and reclaim the heat energy of semicoke and flue gas, destructive distillation energy consumption is low, has significant energy-saving effect; 9 tar yields are high, reach 83% ~ 92%(lattice gold oil length).

The present invention reaches following beneficial outcomes (data sheet)

Table 1

Tar characteristics (seeing attached list 2, subordinate list 3)

Table 2

Table 3

By the known oil product produced through this implementing process method in table 2 ~ 3 due to hydrogeneous more in thermal barrier, oil product is comparatively light, saturated hydrocarbon content is higher simultaneously, and oil quality is good.The characteristic (seeing attached list 4) of carbonization gas

Table 4

High by the gas content such as methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide in the known carbonization gas obtained through this implementing process of subordinate list 4, gas heating value is high, is good geseous fuel and Coal Chemical Industry unstripped gas.

Embodiment 1: the qualified long-flame coal raw material that particle diameter is less than 0 ~ 25mm send warehouse 21, send raw material drying device 23 dry through belt I 22, raw material enters from moisture eliminator 23 upper entrance, and 185 DEG C of flue gases from gas retort enter from raw material drying device 23 bottom, carry out counter current drying from bottom to top to raw material; Raw material surface water is evaporated.Raw material removes moisture content at moisture eliminator 23 inner drying, water content reduces by less than 8%, and remove the dust of below 0.1mm simultaneously, granularity is in the dried feed of 0.1 ~ 25mm, send into through belt II 24 in the feeding chamber 1 of destructive distillation furnace roof and store, raw material in feeding chamber 1 enters stove top through top filling machine, the vapour lock formed by dried feed and charging machine 2 seal the common destructive distillation oil gas that stops and leak, raw material drying section 3 enters the thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11 of low-temperature pyrolysis section 4, the thickness in thin layer destructive distillation chamber is 300mm, thin layer air resistance 2.68kpa, radiant heat and gaseous heat-carrier sensible heat is jointly provided by pipe burner 12 and air heat carrier outlet 14, by heating raw materials low-temperature pyrolysis 4, pyrolysis temperature controls between 500 DEG C ~ 550 DEG C, best pyrolysis temperature 525 DEG C, carbonization generates carbonization gas, tar, semicoke, raw material after low-temperature pyrolysis enters medium temperature carbonization section 5, pyrolysis temperature controls between 700 DEG C ~ 750 DEG C, medium temperature carbonization heat provides radiant heat by the pipe burner 12 of bottom, to the coal heating after low-temperature pyrolysis, make destructive distillation complete and voluminous carbonization gas, fully change the hydrogen in coal into gas, gas index sees attached list 4 long-flame coals, simultaneously as in the sealing of warm semicoke gas direct cooling section 6 gas, destructive distillation oil gas (carbonization gas and tar) enters carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, gas retort is drawn through pipe 40, destructive distillation is advanced into the direct cooling section 6 of middle temperature semicoke gas under raw material semicoke completely, the circulation carbonization gas direct heat exchange sprayed with direct cold gas spout 16 and gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet 17 is lowered the temperature, lower the temperature through low temperature semicoke water cooling chamber 7 again, the most laggardly to lower the temperature as fuel gas preheater 19, semicoke is cooled to 80 DEG C, through blanking machine 8, tremie pipe 9 discharges gas retort.

480 DEG C ~ 520 DEG C destructive distillation oil gas are drawn through gas retort, enter coke tar recovery system 25, reclaim heavy tar, middle oil.Oil is received again through electric trap for oil 26.The carbonization gas received after oil pressurizes through carbonization gas booster fan 27, carbonization gas pressure 10kpa, a part send carbonization gas desulphurization system 28 desulfurization, the gases such as the hydrogen sulfide deviate from send process outside through hydrogen sulfide output tube 29 major part, a part adds in circulation carbonization gas through hydrogen sulfide transferpump 36, the concentration of the hydrogen sulfide in circulation gas controls 1 times of 0.14%(volume ratio at the former concentration of hydrogen sulfide of carbonization gas), for low-temperature pyrolysis provides hydrogen donor, play the effect of tar lighting, sweet dry gas send point hydrogen system 30 separating hydrogen gas, the hydrogen of hydrogen purity 99% is sent outside through hydrogen output tube 31, dry gas after dehydrogenation is as the preheating of fuel pneumatic transmission gas retort fuel gas preheater 19, the air stoichiometry of the 4kpa sending pipe burner 12 and blower fan 32 to send after preheating burns, and according to the best pyrolysis temperature 525 DEG C of this long-flame coal, top control combustion actuator temperature 630 DEG C provides heat for low-temperature pyrolysis section 4, bottom control combustion actuator temperature 800 DEG C is for providing heat with medium temperature carbonization section 5.The flue gas 185 DEG C that pipe burner 12 is discharged, send raw material drying device 23 dried feed.Drying device 23 top flue gas is exported to dust separation 33, send chimney 35 emptying after smoke filtration through blower fan 34.Another part, without carbonization gas desulphurization system 28, directly send the gas blowout mouth 16 of the direct cooling section 6 of the high-temperature semi-coke of gas retort, enters in high-temperature semi-coke, to semicoke cooling, simultaneously gas heating.One partial gas is directly to the certain thick seam of upper warp, enter carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, major part passes semicoke thin layer through gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15, enter radiation heating chamber 13, gas reaches pyrolysis temperature through heating, enters thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11 through gaseous heat-carrier outlet 14, destructive distillation raw material, generate destructive distillation oil gas, destructive distillation oil gas collects oil gas through carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, draws gas retort through destructive distillation oil gas vent 39.

Separate unit stove processed in units amount 1.8 tons/hour, low-temperature pyrolysis section 4 retorting time 1.98 hours, blanking velocity 0.95 m/h, coal tar dustiness 1.26%, the concrete data of raw material, oil product, carbonization gas etc. see attached list the long-flame coal data of 1 to subordinate list 4.

Embodiment 2: the qualified brown coal raw material that particle diameter is less than 0 ~ 30mm send warehouse 21, send raw material drying device 23 dry through belt I 22, raw material enters from moisture eliminator 23 upper entrance, and 150 DEG C of flue gases from gas retort enter from raw material drying device 23 bottom, carry out counter current drying from bottom to top to raw material; Raw material surface water is evaporated.Raw material removes moisture content at moisture eliminator 23 inner drying, water content reduces by less than 10%, and remove the dust of below 0.1mm simultaneously, granularity is in the dried feed of 0.1 ~ 30mm, send into through belt II 24 in the feeding chamber 1 of destructive distillation furnace roof and store, raw material in feeding chamber 1 enters stove top through top filling machine, the vapour lock formed by dried feed and charging machine 2 seal the common destructive distillation oil gas that stops and leak, raw material drying section 3 enters the thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11 of low-temperature pyrolysis section 4, the thickness in thin layer destructive distillation chamber is 250mm, thin layer air resistance 3.08kpa, radiant heat and gaseous heat-carrier sensible heat is jointly provided by pipe burner 12 and air heat carrier outlet 14, by heating raw materials low-temperature pyrolysis 4, pyrolysis temperature controls between 480 DEG C ~ 520 DEG C, best pyrolysis temperature 495 DEG C, carbonization generates carbonization gas, tar, semicoke, raw material after low-temperature pyrolysis enters medium temperature carbonization section 5, pyrolysis temperature controls between 700 DEG C ~ 750 DEG C, medium temperature carbonization heat provides radiant heat by the pipe burner 12 of bottom, to the coal heating after low-temperature pyrolysis, make destructive distillation complete and voluminous carbonization gas, fully change the hydrogen in coal into gas, gas index sees attached list 4 brown coal, simultaneously as in the sealing of warm semicoke gas direct cooling section 6 gas, destructive distillation oil gas (carbonization gas and tar) enters carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, gas retort is drawn through pipe 40, destructive distillation is advanced into the direct cooling section 6 of middle temperature semicoke gas under raw material semicoke completely, the circulation carbonization gas direct heat exchange sprayed with direct cold gas spout 16 and gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet 17 is lowered the temperature, lower the temperature through low temperature semicoke water cooling chamber 7 again, the most laggardly to lower the temperature as fuel gas preheater 19, semicoke is cooled to 80 DEG C, through blanking machine 8, tremie pipe 9 discharges gas retort.

450 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C destructive distillation oil gas are drawn through gas retort, enter coke tar recovery system 25, reclaim heavy tar, middle oil.Oil is received again through electric trap for oil 26.The carbonization gas received after oil pressurizes through carbonization gas booster fan 27, carbonization gas pressure 12kpa, a part send carbonization gas desulphurization system 28 desulfurization, the gases such as the hydrogen sulfide deviate from send process outside through hydrogen sulfide output tube 29 major part, a part adds in circulation carbonization gas through hydrogen sulfide transferpump 36, the concentration of the hydrogen sulfide in circulation gas controls 1 times of 0.2%(volume ratio at the former concentration of hydrogen sulfide of carbonization gas), for low-temperature pyrolysis provides hydrogen donor, play the effect of tar lighting, sweet dry gas send point hydrogen system 30 separating hydrogen gas, the hydrogen of hydrogen purity 99% is sent outside through hydrogen output tube 31, dry gas after dehydrogenation is as the preheating of fuel pneumatic transmission gas retort fuel gas preheater 19, the air stoichiometry of the 4kpa sending pipe burner 12 and blower fan 32 to send after preheating burns, and according to the best pyrolysis temperature 495 DEG C of these brown coal, top control combustion actuator temperature 600 DEG C provides heat for low-temperature pyrolysis section 4, bottom control combustion actuator temperature 750 DEG C is for providing heat with medium temperature carbonization section 5.The flue gas 150 DEG C that pipe burner 12 is discharged, send raw material drying device 23 dried feed.Drying device 23 top flue gas is exported to dust separation 33, send chimney 35 emptying after smoke filtration through blower fan 34.Another part, without carbonization gas desulphurization system 28, directly send the gas blowout mouth 16 of the direct cooling section 6 of the high-temperature semi-coke of gas retort, enters in high-temperature semi-coke, to semicoke cooling, simultaneously gas heating.One partial gas is directly to the certain thick seam of upper warp, enter carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, major part passes semicoke thin layer through gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15, enter radiation heating chamber 13, gas reaches pyrolysis temperature through heating, enters thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11 through gaseous heat-carrier outlet 14, destructive distillation raw material, generate destructive distillation oil gas, destructive distillation oil gas collects oil gas through carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, draws gas retort through destructive distillation oil gas vent 39.

Separate unit stove processed in units amount 1.35 tons/hour, low-temperature pyrolysis section 4 retorting time 2.5 hours, blanking velocity 0.8 m/h, coal tar dustiness 1.5%, the concrete data of raw material, oil product, carbonization gas etc. see attached list the brown coal data of 1 to subordinate list 4.

Embodiment 3: the qualified long-flame coal raw material that particle diameter is less than 0 ~ 30mm send warehouse 21, send raw material drying device 23 dry through belt I 22, raw material enters from moisture eliminator 23 upper entrance, and 150 DEG C of flue gases from gas retort enter from raw material drying device 23 bottom, carry out counter current drying from bottom to top to raw material; Raw material surface water is evaporated.Raw material removes moisture content at moisture eliminator 23 inner drying, water content reduces by less than 8%, and remove the dust of below 0.1mm simultaneously, granularity is in the dried feed of 0.1 ~ 30mm, send into through belt II 24 in the feeding chamber 1 of destructive distillation furnace roof and store, raw material in feeding chamber 1 enters stove top through top filling machine, the vapour lock formed by dried feed and charging machine 2 seal the common destructive distillation oil gas that stops and leak, raw material drying section 3 enters the thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11 of low-temperature pyrolysis section 4, the thickness in thin layer destructive distillation chamber is 250mm, thin layer air resistance 2.3kpa, radiant heat and gaseous heat-carrier sensible heat is jointly provided by pipe burner 12 and air heat carrier outlet 14, by heating raw materials low-temperature pyrolysis 4, pyrolysis temperature controls between 500 DEG C ~ 550 DEG C, best pyrolysis temperature 525 DEG C, carbonization generates carbonization gas, tar, semicoke, raw material after low-temperature pyrolysis enters medium temperature carbonization section 5, pyrolysis temperature controls between 700 DEG C ~ 750 DEG C, medium temperature carbonization heat provides radiant heat by the pipe burner 12 of bottom, to the coal heating after low-temperature pyrolysis, make destructive distillation complete and voluminous carbonization gas, fully change the hydrogen in coal into gas, gas index sees attached list 4 long-flame coals, simultaneously as in the sealing of warm semicoke gas direct cooling section 6 gas, destructive distillation oil gas (carbonization gas and tar) enters carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, gas retort is drawn through pipe 40, destructive distillation is advanced into the direct cooling section 6 of middle temperature semicoke gas under raw material semicoke completely, the circulation carbonization gas direct heat exchange sprayed with direct cold gas spout 16 and gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet 17 is lowered the temperature, lower the temperature through low temperature semicoke water cooling chamber 7 again, the most laggardly to lower the temperature as fuel gas preheater 19, semicoke is cooled to 80 DEG C, through blanking machine 8, tremie pipe 9 discharges gas retort.

480 DEG C ~ 520 DEG C destructive distillation oil gas are drawn through gas retort, enter coke tar recovery system 25, reclaim heavy tar, middle oil.Oil is received again through electric trap for oil 26.The carbonization gas received after oil pressurizes through carbonization gas booster fan 27, carbonization gas pressure 9kpa, a part send carbonization gas desulphurization system 28 desulfurization, the gases such as the hydrogen sulfide deviate from send process outside through hydrogen sulfide output tube 29 major part, a part adds in circulation carbonization gas through hydrogen sulfide transferpump 36, the concentration of the hydrogen sulfide in circulation gas controls 1 times of 0.14%(volume ratio at the former concentration of hydrogen sulfide of carbonization gas), for low-temperature pyrolysis provides hydrogen donor, play the effect of tar lighting, sweet dry gas send point hydrogen system 30 separating hydrogen gas, the hydrogen of hydrogen purity 99% is sent outside through hydrogen output tube 31, dry gas after dehydrogenation is as the preheating of fuel pneumatic transmission gas retort fuel gas preheater 19, the air stoichiometry of the 3.5kpa sending pipe burner 12 and blower fan 32 to send after preheating burns, and according to the best pyrolysis temperature 495 DEG C of these brown coal, top control combustion actuator temperature 600 DEG C provides heat for low-temperature pyrolysis section 4, bottom control combustion actuator temperature 750 DEG C is for providing heat with medium temperature carbonization section 5.The flue gas 150 DEG C that pipe burner 12 is discharged, send raw material drying device 23 dried feed.Drying device 23 top flue gas is exported to dust separation 33, send chimney 35 emptying after smoke filtration through blower fan 34.Another part, without carbonization gas desulphurization system 28, directly send the gas blowout mouth 16 of the direct cooling section 6 of the high-temperature semi-coke of gas retort, enters in high-temperature semi-coke, to semicoke cooling, simultaneously gas heating.One partial gas is directly to the certain thick seam of upper warp, enter carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, major part passes semicoke thin layer through gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet 15, enter radiation heating chamber 13, gas reaches pyrolysis temperature through heating, enters thin layer destructive distillation chamber 11 through gaseous heat-carrier outlet 14, destructive distillation raw material, generate destructive distillation oil gas, destructive distillation oil gas collects oil gas through carbonization gas air collecting chamber 10, draws gas retort through destructive distillation oil gas vent 39.

Separate unit stove processed in units amount 1.5 tons/hour, low-temperature pyrolysis section 4 retorting time 2 hours, blanking velocity 1 m/h, coal tar dustiness 1.2%, the concrete data of raw material, oil product, carbonization gas etc. see attached list the long-flame coal data of 1 to subordinate list 4.

Claims

1. a thermal bond moulded coal composite dry distillation unit inside and outside small-particle, it can be combined by single or several monomer destructive distillation bodies of heater, and destructive distillation body of heater comprises feeding chamber, charging machine, dryer section, low-temperature pyrolysis section, medium temperature carbonization section, the direct cooling section of middle temperature semicoke gas, low temperature semicoke water cooling chamber, blanking machine, tremie pipe, carbonization gas air collecting chamber, thin layer destructive distillation chamber, pipe burner, radiation heating chamber, gaseous heat-carrier exports, gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet, middle directly cold gas spout, gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet, water-cooled tube, fuel gas preheater, the fin of pipe burner, destructive distillation body of heater, destructive distillation body of heater upper end is provided with feeding chamber, charging machine, bottom is provided with blanking machine, tremie pipe, is characterized in that: the both sides in destructive distillation body of heater are provided with identical described pipe burner, radiation heating chamber, gaseous heat-carrier exports, gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet, gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet, water-cooled tube, in destructive distillation body of heater, middle part is top-down is provided with described carbonization gas air collecting chamber, middle direct cooler, destructive distillation oil gas fairlead is installed in carbonization gas air collecting chamber side.

2. thermal bond moulded coal composite dry distillation unit inside and outside a kind of small-particle according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

3. thermal bond moulded coal composite dry distillation unit inside and outside a kind of small-particle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: exported by described carbonization gas air collecting chamber, thin layer destructive distillation chamber, pipe burner, radiation heating chamber, gaseous heat-carrier, formed low-temperature pyrolysis section, low-temperature pyrolysis section is Nei Re and outer thermal bond retorting technique, outer heat, by pipe burner built-in combustion, relies on radiant heat heating raw; Interior heat is the circulation carbonization gas on bottom, radiation heating chamber, outside pipe burner, be heated to 550 to 900 DEG C, enter thin layer destructive distillation chamber through gaseous heat-carrier outlet, heating pyrolysis is carried out to coal, overcome outer hot thermograde by inside and outside thermal bond large, destructive distillation heat transfer time long process amount is little.

4. thermal bond moulded coal composite dry distillation unit inside and outside a kind of small-particle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the temperature of described pipe burner 12 is between 600 ~ 950 DEG C, reduce the generation of the oxynitride of gas heating power type, discharge from source decreasing pollution thing, pyrolysis temperature is controlled flexibly, for the segmentation destructive distillation realizing low temperature and middle temperature is given security according to need of production; The thickness in described thin layer destructive distillation chamber is arranged between 100mm ~ 800mm, and actual (real) thickness becomes according to property of raw material difference; Retort section is divided into described low-temperature pyrolysis section and described medium temperature carbonization section two sections, low-temperature pyrolysis section is gentle destructive distillation mainly, effect is the tar for obtaining lightweight, medium temperature carbonization section mainly reaches complete destructive distillation and is more separated by the protium in raw material, obtains methane and the hydrogen of Fu Qing; Retort section is middle is carbonization gas air collecting chamber, both sides are thin layer destructive distillation chambeies, outside is pipe burner, radiation heating chamber, both sides, thin layer destructive distillation chamber stop that solid material passes through, gas by pane formula heat transfer wall, simultaneously radiant heat can be transmitted in the ventilation space of wall; Described carbonization gas air collecting chamber and the front in radiation heating chamber are rectangle, and side is shape wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and when this shape makes the dry distillation of coal, the window shutter of air collecting chamber and the inwall in radiation heating chamber are reverse V-shaped, make coal charge descending easier, prevent raw material to build bridge blocking.

5. thermal bond moulded coal composite dry distillation unit inside and outside a kind of small-particle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described direct cooling section of middle temperature semicoke gas establishes cold destructive distillation circulation gas gas distribution structure, middle directly cold gas spout both sides are hot semicokes, be the window format structure of gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet outside semicoke, the destructive distillation circulation gas after heat exchange enters burner radiation heating chamber by it.

6. thermal bond moulded coal composite dry distillation unit inside and outside a kind of small-particle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: destructive distillation heat supply adopts pipe burner, pipe burner can adopt circle, square structure, and pipe burner can adopt and is arranged on separately in radiation heating chamber, can also adopts the mode be combined into one with radiation heating chamber.

7. one according to claim 1 utilizes thermal bond moulded coal composite dry distillation unit inside and outside claim 1 small-particle to realize compound method for destructive distillation, it is characterized in that: described method is realized by following steps:

The acceptable material that step one, particle diameter are less than 30mm send warehouse, and send raw material drying device dry through belt I, raw material enters from moisture eliminator upper entrance, and the flue gas from gas retort enters from raw material drying device bottom, carries out counter current drying from bottom to top to raw material, raw material surface water is evaporated, raw material removes moisture content at moisture eliminator inner drying, and remove tiny dust simultaneously, the raw material of granularity between 0.5mm ~ 30mm scope after water content reduces, send into through belt II in the feeding chamber of destructive distillation furnace roof and store, raw material in feeding chamber enters stove top through top filling machine, the vapour lock formed by dried feed and the common destructive distillation oil gas that stops of charging machine sealing leak, raw material drying section enters the thin layer destructive distillation chamber of low-temperature pyrolysis section, radiant heat and gaseous heat-carrier sensible heat is jointly provided by pipe burner and air heat carrier outlet, by heating raw materials low-temperature pyrolysis, carbonization generates carbonization gas, tar, semicoke, raw material after low-temperature pyrolysis enters medium temperature carbonization section, medium temperature carbonization heat provides radiant heat by the pipe burner of bottom, to the coal heating after low-temperature pyrolysis, make destructive distillation complete and voluminous carbonization gas, fully change the hydrogen in coal into gas, simultaneously as in the sealing of the direct cooling section gas of warm semicoke gas, destructive distillation oil gas (carbonization gas and tar) enters carbonization gas air collecting chamber, gas retort is drawn through fairlead, destructive distillation is advanced into the direct cooling section of middle temperature semicoke gas under raw material semicoke completely, the circulation carbonization gas direct heat exchange sprayed with direct cold gas spout and gaseous heat-carrier lower inlet is lowered the temperature, lower the temperature through low temperature semicoke water cooling chamber again, the most laggard as the cooling of fuel gas preheater, semicoke cools, through blanking machine, tremie pipe discharges gas retort,

Step 2, destructive distillation oil gas is drawn through gas retort, enter coke tar recovery system, reclaim heavy tar, middle oil, oil is received again through electric trap for oil, the carbonization gas received after oil pressurizes through carbonization gas booster fan, a part send the desulfurization of carbonization gas desulphurization system, the gases such as the hydrogen sulfide deviate from send process outside through hydrogen sulfide output tube major part, a part adds in circulation carbonization gas through hydrogen sulfide transferpump, by increasing the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in carbonization gas, for low-temperature pyrolysis provides hydrogen donor, play the effect of tar lighting, sweet dry gas send a point hydrogen system separating hydrogen gas, hydrogen is sent outside through hydrogen output tube, dry gas after dehydrogenation is as fuel pneumatic transmission gas retort fuel gas preheater preheats, the air stoichiometry sending pipe burner and blower fan to send after preheating burns, and according to the best pyrolysis temperature of raw material, control combustion actuator temperature provides heat for low-temperature pyrolysis section and medium temperature carbonization section, the flue gas that pipe burner is discharged, send raw material drying device dried feed, drying device top flue gas is exported to dust separation, send chimney emptying after smoke filtration through blower fan, another part, without carbonization gas desulphurization system, directly send the gas blowout mouth of the direct cooling section of the high-temperature semi-coke of gas retort, enters in high-temperature semi-coke, to semicoke cooling, simultaneously gas heating, one partial gas is directly to the certain thick seam of upper warp, enter carbonization gas air collecting chamber, major part passes semicoke thin layer through gaseous heat-carrier upper inlet, enter radiation heating chamber, gas reaches pyrolysis temperature through heating, enters thin layer destructive distillation chamber through gaseous heat-carrier outlet, destructive distillation raw material, generate destructive distillation oil gas, destructive distillation oil gas collects oil gas through carbonization gas air collecting chamber, draws gas retort through outlet.

8. thermal bond moulded coal compound method for destructive distillation inside and outside a kind of small-particle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step one Raw particle diameter is coal or the shale of 0mm to 30mm; In step one, the flue-gas temperature of tubular type roasting kiln is between 150 DEG C to 250 DEG C; Step one low-temperature pyrolysis section pyrolysis temperature controls between 480 DEG C to 650 DEG C, and medium temperature carbonization section pyrolysis temperature controls between 650 DEG C to 900 DEG C; The temperature of combustion of step one pipe burner controls between 600 DEG C to 950 DEG C, and realizing low nitrogen burning is also low-temperature pyrolysis section and the heat supply of medium temperature carbonization section.

9. thermal bond moulded coal compound method for destructive distillation inside and outside a kind of small-particle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the oil-collecting ratio of step 2 reaches 83% ~ 92%(lattice gold oil length); Step 2 circulation gas power consumption comparatively recycle to extinction gaseous heat-carrier reduces by 70%; The concentration of the hydrogen sulfide in step 2 in circulation gas controls between 1 to 2 times of the former concentration of hydrogen sulfide of carbonization gas, for destructive distillation provides active high hydrogen supply material, and the lighting function of strengthening tar; Comparatively external-heat heat-transfer intensity improves 1.5 to 4 times; Low-temperature pyrolysis section retorting time 1 to 3 hour, blanking velocity 0.8 to 2.5 m/h;