A kind of pyrolysis oven and rake stove combine the system for preparing activated carbon
Technical field
The utility model belongs to activated carbon preparing technical field, in particular to one kind with coal, house refuse, discarded
Biomass, municipal sludge combine the system for preparing activated carbon for the pyrolysis oven and rake stove of raw material.
Background technology
The biomass resource of China is enriched very much, and about 6.5 hundred million tons of agricultural stalks are produced every year, adds fuel wood and forestry is useless
Gurry etc., 4.6 hundred million tons of standard coals of reduced energy, it is contemplated that will be added to 9.04 hundred million tons to the year two thousand fifty, ton standard more than 600,000,000
Coal.The annual forest consumptive material of China reaches 2.1 billion cubic meters, converts into 1.2 hundred million tons of energy of standard coal.In addition, National urban thing
Material annual production, will be up to 2.1 hundred million tons to the year two thousand twenty annual production more than 1.5 hundred million tons, and the content of organic matter in rubbish is averagely about
40%, to produce per year in 1.5 hundred million tons of municipal refuse, the renewable resource value being dropped is up to 25,000,000,000 yuan.If these resources without
Improvement directly burns, drains into water body, pile up and will cause the wasting of resources, and the ring such as air, soil, surface water and groundwater
Pollute the deterioration with environment for human survival in border.
If but be raw material by biomass, rubbish, junked tire, waste and old organic matter, organic sludge etc., through can after carbonization
To produce fuel-displaced, gas and solid carbon, part substitutes the resources such as coal, oil, natural gas.But, in order to ensure economic benefit, still need
Develop to the suitable technique road of the things containing charcoal such as biomass, rubbish, junked tire, waste and old organic matter, organic sludge pyrolysis phase
Line.
At temperatures of some hundreds of degrees celsius by charing, reactivation can prepare activated carbon to carbon containing material.However, making at present
The system of standby activated carbon there are problems that preparing the line clogging of activated carbon leading portion pyrolytic process, dust, also exists and prepares activity
Charcoal plant energy consumption is high, serious heat loss, prepare the inferior problem of activated carbon, and can produce poisonous and harmful in process of production
Gas.
Utility model content
In order to solve the above problems, pyrolysis oven and rake stove are combined the utility model proposes one kind, with coal, life rubbish
Rubbish, abandoned biomass, municipal sludge are raw material, the system for preparing activated carbon, solve in pyrolytic process and pipeline occur and block up
Plug, dust weight, the problem of pyrolysis effect difference, whole system energy consumption is low, heat waste is few, prevents the generation of toxic and harmful.
One of the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of pyrolysis oven and rake stove combines the system for preparing activated carbon, bag
Include:Pretreatment unit, pyrolysis oven, rake stove and decontaminating separator;
The pretreatment unit includes that material inlet and pyrolysis feed are exported;
The pyrolysis oven includes pyrolysis feed entrance, carbon residue outlet, pyrolysis oil gas vent, burner and rotatable holds
Disk, the burner includes fuel gas inlet and exhanst gas outlet, and the burner is located at the top of the pyrolysis oven, described to hold disk
Positioned at the bottom of the pyrolysis oven;
The rake stove includes the outlet of carbon residue entrance, gas access and activated carbon;
The decontaminating separator includes smoke inlet and carbon dioxide outlet;
The pyrolysis feed entrance of the pyrolysis feed outlet connection pyrolysis oven of the pretreatment unit, the pyrolysis oven
The carbon residue entrance of the carbon residue outlet connection rake stove, the exhanst gas outlet of the burner connects the flue gas of the decontaminating separator
Entrance, the carbon dioxide outlet of the decontaminating separator connects the gas access of the rake stove.
Pyrolysis oven is used for the pyrolysis of material, and pyrolysis feed is held on disk into uniform being laid on after pyrolysis oven, pyrolysis feed
Relative to holding, disk is static, and time of the pyrolysis feed in pyrolysis oven is controllable.
Preferably, the pretreatment unit includes:One or more in screening machine, magnetic separator and disintegrating machine.Screening machine
Material is screened, the raw material containing large amount of organic can be obtained.Magnetic separator is left in organic matter after being used for magnetic separation screening
Metal.Disintegrating machine is used for the broken slabbing of organic matter, the pyrolysis feed of block and/or powdery after magnetic separation.According to material
Difference, pretreatment unit can select one or more in screening machine, magnetic separator and disintegrating machine.
Further, system of the present utility model also includes gs-oil separator, and the gs-oil separator includes pyrolysis oil gas
Entrance, pyrolysis gas outlet and pyrolysis oil export, the pyrolysis oil gas vent of the pyrolysis oven connect the pyrolysis of the gs-oil separator
Oil gas entrance, the pyrolysis gas outlet of the gs-oil separator connects the fuel gas inlet of the burner.
Further, the system for preparing activated carbon of the present utility model includes heater, and the heater enters including gas
Mouth and gas vent, the carbon dioxide outlet of the decontaminating separator connect the gas access of the heater, the heater
Gas vent connect the gas access of the rake stove.
Another object of the present utility model is to provide a kind of method for preparing activated carbon using above-mentioned system, including following
Step:
A, material is pre-processed, obtained pyrolysis feed;
B, the pyrolysis feed is sent into the pyrolysis oven carry out pyrolysis processing, obtain carbon residue and pyrolysis oil gas;
C, the carbon residue is sent into the rake stove, two are isolated in the flue gas that the decontaminating separator is produced from burner
Carbonoxide, carbon dioxide feeding rake stove is activated to the carbon residue, obtains activated carbon.
Used as preferred scheme, the pretreatment in the step A includes:Material is screened, organic matter raw material is obtained.
Used as the preferred scheme of the utility model, the pretreatment in the step A includes:Magnetic separation, magnetic separation are carried out to material
The metal gone out in material.
Further, the pretreatment in the step A includes:Material is crushed, pyrolysis feed is obtained.
Preferably, carbon dioxide feeding heater is heated in step C described in method of the present utility model, will
Carbon dioxide after heating sends into the rake stove.
Preferably, method of the present utility model also includes step:The pyrolysis oil pneumatic transmission is entered into the gs-oil separator to enter
Row is separated, and obtains pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil, and the pyrolysis gas are sent into the burner combustion of the pyrolysis oven.
The utility model pyrolysis oven and rake stove combine the system and method for preparing activated carbon, solve before preparing activated carbon
Line clogging, dust weight, the problem of pyrolysis effect difference in section pyrolytic process;Solve and prepare activated-carbon device high energy consumption, heat
Loss is serious, prepare the inferior problem of activated carbon;Whole process is simple, it is easy to operate, it can be ensured that the stability of operation;Separate
Used as activator, whole system prevents toxic and harmful generation to carbon dioxide in flue gas;Will separate obtain pyrolysis gas as
Fuel supplied burner, realizes that heat is confessed.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system schematic of the utility model embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that utility model embodiment prepares active carbon method.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, specific embodiment of the present utility model is described in more details, with
Just better understood when the advantage of scheme of the present utility model and its various aspects.However, specific implementations described below side
Formula and embodiment are only descriptive purposes, rather than to limitation of the present utility model.
Inventor has found, by direct with existing rake stove using the internal material pyrolysis oven for setting heat accumulation type radiant tube
Carry out combination and prepare activated carbon, and without transforming existing rake stove, you can it is hot by what is produced in material pyrolysis oven
Carbon residue delivers to rake stove and carries out activation generation activated carbon.It is activator with the carbon dioxide separated from flue gas, it is obtained
Activated carbon specific surface area is small, and pore size distribution is relatively wide.
As shown in Figure 1, on the one hand, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of pyrolysis oven and rake stove is combined and prepares activated carbon
System, including:Pretreatment unit 100, pyrolysis oven 200, decontaminating separator 300, heater 400, rake stove 500 and oil gas point
From device 600.
Pretreatment unit 100 is used to pre-process the material sent into, to obtain the pyrolysis feed needed for meeting pyrolysis.
Pretreatment unit 100 includes material inlet 101 and pyrolysis feed outlet 102.
Pretreatment unit 100 may include:One or more in screening machine, magnetic separator and disintegrating machine.Screening machine is to material
Screened, the raw material containing large amount of organic can be obtained.Magnetic separator is used for the metal being left in organic matter after magnetic separation screening.
Disintegrating machine is used for the broken slabbing of organic matter, the pyrolysis feed of block and/or powdery after magnetic separation.According to the difference of material, in advance
Processing unit can select one or more in screening machine, magnetic separator and disintegrating machine.
Pyrolysis oven 200 includes pyrolysis feed entrance 201, carbon residue outlet 202, pyrolysis oil gas vent 203, the and of burner 204
It is rotatable to hold disk 205.The pyrolysis feed outlet 102 of pretreatment unit connects the pyrolysis feed entrance 201 of pyrolysis oven.Pyrolysis
Feed(raw material)inlet 201 is arranged on the top of pyrolysis oven 200.
More traditional use gas heat carrier or solid thermal carriers are compared as the pyrolytic reaction device of pyrolysis thermal source, this reality
Preheating unit and carrier separative element need not be set with the pyrolysis oven of new embodiment, pyrolysis can be greatly simplified and activation is anti-
Technological process is answered, so as to significantly reduce the fault rate of device.
Multiple pyrolysis oil gas vent 203 is arranged on the top of pyrolysis oven 200.Yield according to pyrolysis oil gas can be opened individually
Certain or multiple pyrolysis oil gas vents are opened, the stabilization of pyrolysis oven furnace pressure during oil-producing gas is realized.Whole pyrolysis oven is used
Water seal, pyrolysis oven pyrolysis feed entrance is sealed using two-stage Starlike valve, it is ensured that material is carried out under oxygen-free atmosphere in whole burner hearth
Pyrolysis, while so that residence time of the pyrolysis gas in whole burner hearth more than 3s, it is to avoid generation dioxins materials.
Burner 204 includes fuel gas inlet 206 and exhanst gas outlet 207.Burner 204 is located at the top of pyrolysis oven 200, with
Just pyrolysis feed is heated.The top of burner 204 is located on the pyrolysis vertical direction of oil gas vent 203.Burner 204 is wrapped
Include multiple parallel and equally distributed heat accumulation type radiant tubes.Each heat accumulation type radiant tube internal-combustion atmosphere and the pyrolysis oven
Pyrolysis atmosphere in burner hearth is completely separated, it is ensured that pyrolysis oil gas has calorific value higher, while effectively inhibiting poisonous and harmful
The generation of gas.
Due to using heat accumulation type radiant tube to provide thermal source for pyrolytic process in pyrolysis oven 200, storage can be passed through by adjustment
The flow of the combustion gas of hot type radiant tube realizes the accurate temperature controlling to pyrolytic process, and the heat accumulation type radiant tube can by
Quick commutation and heat storage type combustion are realized in two ends, it is ensured that the uniformity in temperature field in pyrolysis oven, such that it is able to significantly improve pyrolysis
Efficiency.
Disk 205 is held positioned at the bottom of pyrolysis oven 200.Disk 205 is held for holding pyrolysis feed, the disk that holds of rotation can
Ensure the thermally equivalent of pyrolysis feed.Pyrolysis feed is relative to hold disk transfixion, it is to avoid the product of flying dust in pyrolytic process
It is raw.
Fraction solids Logistics are with pyrolysis when the pyrolysis oven of the utility model embodiment can solve to use other pyrolysis installations
Gas causes to block and the heavy problem of dust into pipeline and dust pelletizing system, while the loss for solving solid can take away part heat
Amount, causes the problem that heat loss is serious.Conventional pyrolysis installation, residence time of the solid in pyrolysis installation difficult control, causes
Part carbon residue also thoroughly just from discharging opening do not discharge by pyrolysis, can there is more tar in carbon residue, and existing for for tar is follow-up
Carbon residue activation increases difficulty, reduces the specific surface area of activated carbon.The pyrolysis oven of the utility model embodiment does not exist these problems.
Decontaminating separator 300 includes smoke inlet 301 and carbon dioxide outlet 302, and the exhanst gas outlet 207 of burner is connected
Decontaminating separator smoke inlet 301.Decontaminating separator 300 is used for the carbon dioxide separation in flue gas out, anti-for activating
Should.
Heater 400 includes gas access 401 and gas vent 402, and the connection of decontaminating separator carbon dioxide outlet 302 adds
Hot device gas access 401.Heater 400 is used for the preheating of gas, gas is reached reaction temperature needed for the activation of rake stove.So as to
Heat utilization efficiency is greatly improved, so that reducing energy consumption.
Rake stove 500 includes carbon residue entrance 501, gas access 502 and activated carbon outlet 503.Pyrolysis oven carbon residue outlet 202
Connection rake stove carbon residue entrance 501, heater air outlet 402 connects rake furnace gases entrance 502.Rake stove 500 can will be residual
Charcoal carries out activation process, so as to obtain activated carbon.Utility model people has found, direct by the hot carbon residue that will be produced in pyrolysis oven
Heat is delivered to rake furnace roof portion and is reacted with activator counter current contacting, can not only ensure that rake stove directly prepares activated carbon, Er Qieke
To significantly improve capacity usage ratio, and be conducive to the stability of the preparation activated carbon system.
Gs-oil separator 600 includes pyrolysis oil gas entrance 601, pyrolysis gas outlet 602 and pyrolysis oil export 603.Pyrolysis oven
The pyrolysis connection gs-oil separator pyrolysis oil gas of oil gas vent 203 entrance 601, the connection burning of gs-oil separator pyrolysis gas outlet 602
Device fuel gas inlet 206.The pyrolysis gas mixture for producing is pyrolyzed, it can be pyrolysis oven heat to be obtained pyrolysis gas and burnt by Oil-gas Separation
Solution provides heat.
As shown in Fig. 2 on the other hand, the offer of the utility model embodiment is a kind of to prepare activated carbon using above-mentioned system
Method, comprises the following steps:
1st, pre-process:By material by obtaining pyrolysis feed after pretreatment.
Above-mentioned pretreatment includes following one or more:
A) material is delivered into the screening machine, obtains the raw material containing large amount of organic;
B) by screening after containing large amount of organic raw material feeding magnetic separator in, screening organic matter in metal;
C) by magnetic separation after containing large amount of organic raw material feeding disintegrating machine in, the organic matter after magnetic separation can be broken into
Particle diameter is not more than 50mm sheets, the raw material of the met pyrolysis requirement of block or powdery.
2nd, charging feedstock:By in pyrolysis feed feeding pyrolysis oven, pyrolysis feed uniform distribution is being held on disk, thickness of feed layer
It is 50-300mm.
3rd, displacement and air-leakage test:Ensure entirely to prepare the unlatching of activated carbon system internal valves, each equipment is communicated, to
System one end is passed through a certain amount of nitrogen or vapor, and whole system is entered into line replacement, air in system of draining, and shuts vent valve,
Ensure that the air-tightness of whole system is good.
4th, it is pyrolyzed:Pyrolysis feed is carried out into pyrolysis processing in pyrolysis oven, carbon residue and pyrolysis oil gas is obtained.
5th, Oil-gas Separation:Pyrolysis oil pneumatic transmission is entered into gs-oil separator to be separated, pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil is obtained, will be pyrolyzed
Pneumatic transmission enters the burner combustion of pyrolysis oven.
6th, purification separation:The flue gas feeding decontaminating separator that burner is produced will be pyrolyzed, first flue gas will be purified, it is right
Flue gas after purification carries out the separation of carbon dioxide and other gases (mainly containing nitrogen), obtains dioxy of the purity more than 95%
Change carbon gas;Other gases (mainly containing nitrogen) the feeding air accumulator that will be obtained is standby, can not only be used for inert gas for each close
Envelope section carries out sealing gland isolation, but also as burner hearth and blowing pipeline displacement gas.
7th, gas heating:Isolated carbon dioxide is passed through in heater, carbon dioxide gas temperature is carried
Height to 600~950 DEG C, the temperature needed for reaching rake stove priming reaction.
8th, activated carbon is prepared:Carbon dioxide after carbon residue and heating is sent into rake stove, carbon residue is activated, lived
Property charcoal.
Embodiment 1
With Xinjiang region coal as raw material, preparing activated carbon system using pyrolysis oven and rake stove joint carries out activated carbon system
Standby, step is as follows:
(1) about 10 tons of coal charges are carried out into break process, obtains the coal grain of particle diameter 2-5mm;
(2) material feeding pyrolysis oven that will be broken is pyrolyzed, and holding on disk, thickness of feed layer is material uniform distribution
60mm;The carbon residue temperature for obtaining is 550 DEG C, and pyrolysis oil temperature degree is 600 DEG C, the carbon residue feeding rake stove of generation;
(3) the pyrolysis oil pneumatic transmission for producing will be pyrolyzed and enters gs-oil separator, obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil;
(4) burnt in pyrolysis gas being sent into burner;
(5) by the flue gas feeding purification separation device of burner combustion, denitration is carried out to flue gas, the flue gas after purification send
Entering gas fractionation unit carries out the separation of carbon dioxide and other gases (mainly containing nitrogen), obtains dioxy of the purity more than 98%
Change carbon gasification.
(6) isolated carbon dioxide is passed through heater, the carbon dioxide gas temperature after heating is 800 DEG C
Left and right, in feeding rake stove.
(7) carbon residue that the carbon dioxide that will be obtained in step (6) is obtained with step (2) is in the reverse haptoreaction of rake stove
Activated carbon is obtained, rake stove reaction temperature is controlled at 830 ± 20 DEG C;
Process described in the utility model can long-term smooth operation, resulting above-mentioned material is obtained activity product char
Yield and main character are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
It should be noted that each embodiment above by reference to described by accompanying drawing is only used to illustrate the utility model rather than limit
Scope of the present utility model is made, it will be understood by those within the art that, do not departing from spirit of the present utility model and model
The modification carried out to the utility model on the premise of enclosing or equivalent, all should cover within the scope of the utility model.
Additionally, signified outer unless the context, the word for occurring in the singular includes plural form, and vice versa.In addition, removing non-specifically
Explanation, then all or part of of any embodiment can combine all or part of of any other embodiment and use.