CN101775296B - Process and device for dry distillation of lignite on basis of coke-carried heat - Google Patents
Process and device for dry distillation of lignite on basis of coke-carried heat Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a process and a device for the dry distillation of lignite on the basis of coke-carried heat, particularly for the dry distillation and intensive processing of low-grade lignite. The device of the invention mainly comprises a crushing and screening device, a drying bed, a separator, a primary dry distiller, a secondary dry distiller, a combustion bed and an oil-gas separation system. The process of the invention comprises the following steps: crushing and screening lignite before being fed into the drying bed; drying the lignite by the flue gas from the combustion bed and feeding the dried lignite into the primary dry distiller; dry-distilling the lignite at certain temperature by the hot coke from the combustion bed and the coal gas of the secondary dry distiller as the heat carrier and carrier gas respectively; feeding the obtained oil and gas into the oil-gas separation system, and allowing the solid product to drop into the secondary dry distiller to carry out the secondary dry distillation on the solid product by the hot coke and high-temperature coal gas as the heat carrier; and cooling and feeding the obtained semi-coke product into a storage tank or the combustion bed for cycle use, wherein the hot coke and high-temperature flue gas are provided by the combustion bed through oxygen-controlled combustion. The invention has the advantages of small investment, even heat transfer, high rate, low heat consumption, high yield of semi-coke, tar and coal gas and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of brown coal distillation process and device based on coke carried heat; Be used for inferior coals such as brown coal and prepare semicoke, tar and coal gas through pyrolysis; Can be applicable to coal, Coal Chemical Industry, the energy and industries such as power, heat and power supply, belong to the energy utilization Apparatus and method for and improve the field.
Background technology
Though coal resources in China rich, high-quality coal resource only account for about half, all the other are coal resources such as brown coal.Coals such as brown coal are often regarded the inferior fuel steam coal because of moisture is high, ash content is high, volatile matter is high, calorific value is low; Be prone to oxidation and spontaneous combustion in addition, should not transport for long-distance, therefore become the coal resource that is difficult to the strange land processing and utilization.
Brown coal are high-volatile coals, and its molecular structure can be regarded the combination of hard coal and oil gas molecule as, take the pyrolytic working method to come out the oil gas component separating in the brown coal, can alleviate OIL SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN CHINA contradiction.From the comprehensive utilization angle, brown coal should should not processed separation to brown coal earlier as the low-quality resource, obtain semicoke, tar and coal gas, further again processing and utilization.Brown coal add the thermogenesis thermolysis under isolated oxygen condition, volatilize coal gas, tar gas, and remaining solid carbon amount raises, and calorific value increases, and is called semicoke.Can obtain suitable, the higher semicoke of calorific value of volatile content 500-600 ℃ of pyrolysis.Lignite semi-coke belongs to upgraded coal, is a kind of clean fuel, is used for industries such as calcium carbide, iron alloy, steel-making (iron), synthetic ammonia, gac, carbon product.
Along with fast development of national economy, China's oil consumption increases rapidly, and since 1993, China became the net importer of oil.China's oil import in 2005 reaches 1.36 hundred million tons, and externally interdependency reaches 43%.Estimate that China's oil aggregate demand scale in 2010 will reach 3.5 hundred million ~ 3.8 hundred million tons, petroleum import reaches 200,000,000 tons, and China reaches 51% ~ 53% to the interdependency of foreign oil, so develops into the year two thousand twenty, and this numeral will rise to more than 60%.
Oil belongs to strategic materials, is related to national security, and China is the country that petroleum resources lack relatively, and in order to reduce the dependence to Imported oil, China is implementing the diversification energy strategy.Developing clean coal technology is one of countermeasure of implementing the national energy diversification strategy.Wherein, coal cracking technology is because method is simple relatively, invests lessly, is competitive method.
Present brown coal pyrolytic process mainly contains:
(1) two sections heating process for upgrading of Hitachi, Ltd's exploitation; The drying machine that adopts is a kind of rotary kiln formula device; It is by the hot flue gas of roasting kiln generation and the vent gas indirect heating of destructive distillation device, and raw coal is supplied with destructive distillation device continuously through drying machine (100-150 ℃) back, and it is vertical gravity moving-bed; Temperature 300-400 ℃, by the hot flue gas indirect heating of another roasting kiln generation.The hot flue gas of roasting kiln is to burn kerosene to produce, but industriallization factory will replace with combustion unit.Coal becomes hydrophobicity after the destructive distillation after cooling off 50 ℃, in the tar applying device, carries out tar then and handles, and upgraded coal has reduced the possibility of spontaneous combustion.
(2) fluidized-bed process of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd company exploitation; It is the process for upgrading of fluidized-bed heating ground coal rank coal; Characteristics be under 80-150 ℃ of temperature dry to feed coal, in rapid heating under the 250-400 ℃ of temperature and cooling fast under 30-70 ℃ of temperature, obtain upgraded coal then.
(3) Beijing coalification institute multistage rotary kiln technology, feed coal are sent into the rotary kiln drying oven through feed appliance, contain wet moisture with being adjusted to the hot flue gases direct heat exchange below 300 ℃ and evaporating major part once more; Moisture-free coal gets in the revolution pyrolysis oven through star-like material feeder and burns, and heat is passed to the coal charge in the stove through the furnace wall, and pyrolysis temperature can be controlled in 550-750 ℃; Semicoke gets into semicoke through star-like material feeder and cools back converter after the pyrolysis, and water extinguishes in stove, and cooled semicoke transports the storage storehouse to.
(4) Australian Union's science and industrial research institute (CSIRO) fluidized bed pyrolysis device are per hour handled the rapid pyrolysis apparatus of 20kg coal.This device is made up of stoker, sand fluidized-bed reactor, 3 major portions of product recovery system.In this pyrolysis reactor, because fast pyrogenation (residence time is less than 0.5s) under the instantaneous heating condition has improved tar yield significantly than pyrolysis at a slow speed.
(5) U.S.'s section's coal cracking technology of thinking much, the dry coal that crushes is used the hot flue gases preheating from porcelain ball well heater in riser tube; Preheating is in the porcelain ball contact of pyrolysis oven neutralization heat, and concurrent estranged the separating of being heated produces semicoke and hydrocarbon vapour; Semicoke separates with the porcelain ball in roto-sifter and discharges; The porcelain ball separates back entering lifter and is raised, heats with semicoke.Well heater fuel is self-produced coal gas of this technology or oil fuel, recycles after the hot porcelain ball heating.
(6) Lu Qi-Rule lid this low-temperature pyrolysis method (L-R method) is the typical method of solid thermal carriers internal heat type.Raw material is brown coal, noncaking coal, weak caking coal and resinous shale.The 1950's, the pilot plant of this Teng Jianyou one cover processing power 10t/h coal of Dorr in the Germany, the thermal barrier of use is solid particulate (little porcelain ball, sand or a semicoke).Because the process product gas does not contain waste gas, so the equipment size of after-treatment system is little, caloric power of gas is higher, can reach 20.5-40.6MJ/m3.
Upgrading has good effect to above-mentioned processing unit to brown coal; But ubiquity consumes energy, water consumption is more; Big, the shortcomings such as equipment is heavy, investment cost height of some device occupied ground; The technology that has only limits to the brown coal upgrading, does not carry out real pyrolysis output tar and coke-oven gas or have problems such as hydrocarbon yield is not high, and some technology is limited to state of the art and scale can not industriallization.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of brown coal distillation process and device of coke carried heat, overcome the shortcoming of existing brown coal retorting technique, obtain the method for high-quality coal gas, tar and semicoke with coke carried heat and branch two-stage destructive distillation brown coal.Advantages such as this method has the semicoke quality better, the tar gas yield is high, energy consumption is low, reduced investment.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
Brown coal distillation process based on coke carried heat comprises the steps:
1) brown coal broken back in shredder assembly gets into the secondary screening plant; After screening; Particle diameter is that the coal of 0.5 ~ 6mm gets in the drying bed and carries out drying, and particle diameter gets into burning bed less than the coal of 0.5mm and burns, and particle diameter sends back in the shredder assembly broken again greater than the coal of 6mm;
2) the dried material of drying bed carries out gas solid separation through the drying bed separator; Gas after the separation after the dust-removal system dedusting from smoke stack emission or reuse as the dry gas of drying bed or the combustion-supporting gas of burning bed; The solid coal that separates enters into the destructive distillation of one-level dry distiller, and dust-removal system is removed the solid grit that gets off and also got into the destructive distillation of one-level dry distiller; Thick burnt gas-solid mixture after the destructive distillation of one-level dry distiller carries out gas solid separation through primary separator; The coal gas that obtains after gas entering oil and gas separating system after the separation is handled, purified is as carrier gas and thermal barrier in one-level dry distiller and the secondary dry distiller; The solid semicoke that is separated by primary separator gets into secondary dry distiller continuation destructive distillation, to reduce fugitive constituent;
3) carry out gas solid separation by the semicoke mixture after the destructive distillation of secondary dry distiller through second-stage separator; Gas after the separation is sent into the one-level dry distiller as carrier gas and thermal barrier; The solid semicoke that is separated by second-stage separator falls into the semicoke divider and distributes; The part semicoke is sent into burning bed and is acted as a fuel, and all the other semicokes are stored in stock chest after the cooling of semicoke cooling system;
4) particle diameter burns in burning bed less than the coal of 0.5mm with from the semicoke of semicoke divider and produces high-temperature coke and high-temperature flue gas provides institute of system heat requirement, and the required air of burning bed burning is provided by gas blower; The gas-solid mixture of burning bed carries out gas solid separation through the burning bed separator; Flue gas after the separation gets into to be sent into drying bed after the flue gas cooling system adjustment temperature brown coal is carried out drying, sends into one-level dry distiller and secondary dry distiller respectively as thermal barrier by burning bed separator high-temperature coke.
Be used for the brown coal destructive distillation device based on coke carried heat of above-mentioned technology, comprise:
1) shredder assembly that is used for broken brown coal raw material;
2) two-stage screening plant, this screening plant links to each other with shredder assembly, is used for sieving the brown coal after the fragmentation, and the macrobead brown coal after the screening are sent shredder assembly back to;
3) drying bed, being used for the dry screened device, to sieve the particle diameter that gets off be the brown coal of 0.5～6mm;
4) drying bed separator be used for separating the material that comes from drying bed, and the gas after will separating is sent into the dust-removal system dust removal process;
5) one-level dry distiller is used for solid brown coal that destructive distillation drying bed separator separates gets off and the dust-removal system dirt under removing, and generates thick burnt gas-solid mixture;
6) primary separator is used for separating the thick burnt gas-solid mixture that generates in the one-level dry distiller, and the gas after will separating is sent into oil and gas separating system and carried out gas-oil separation;
7) secondary dry distiller is used for the thick burnt solid that the destructive distillation primary separator separates, and reduces the volatile matter among thick Jiao;
8) second-stage separator is used for separating the semicoke gas-solid mixture that generates in the secondary dry distiller, and the gas after the separation is sent into the one-level dry distiller as carrier gas and thermal barrier;
9) semicoke divider is used for the solid semicoke that distributes second-stage separator to separate, and a part of semicoke is sent into semicoke cooling system cooling back stores, and another part semicoke is sent into the burning bed burning institute of system heat requirement is provided;
10) particle diameter that burning bed, the semicoke divider that is used for burning distribute the part semicoke that comes and screening plant to sieve to get off is less than the brown coal of 0.5mm.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and beneficial effect: the present invention carries out drying, the destructive distillation of brown coal with the coke carried heat that burning bed produces as thermal source, and can in system, recycle, and has practiced thrift heat energy greatly; Destructive distillation partly is divided into one-level destructive distillation and secondary destructive distillation, can control, be adjusted in destructive distillation brown coal under the differing temps, separates coal gas, tar effectively, and obtains the lower high-quality semicoke product of fugitive constituent, can effectively guarantee the productive rate of oil gas and semicoke.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is brown coal distillation process and the schematic representation of apparatus based on coke carried heat that the present invention relates to.
Among the figure: 1-shredder assembly, 2-secondary screening plant, 3-drying bed, 4-drying bed separator, 5-dust-removal system, 6-chimney; 7-one-level dry distiller, 8-primary separator, 9-oil and gas separating system, 10-storage tank, 11-gas-holder; 12-secondary dry distiller, 13-second-stage separator, 14-gas fan, 15-semicoke divider, 16-semicoke cooling system; 17-semicoke storage tank, 18-gas blower, 19-burning bed, 20-burning bed separator, 21-flue gas cooling system.
Embodiment
Describe concrete technology of the present invention and operational scheme in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Based on the brown coal destructive distillation device of coke carried heat, comprise shredder assembly 1, screening plant 2, drying bed 3, drying bed separator 4, dust-removal system 5, one-level dry distiller 7, primary separator 8, oil and gas separating system 9, storage tank 10, gas-holder 11, secondary dry distiller 8, second-stage separator 13, gas fan 14, semicoke divider 15, semicoke cooling system 16, burning bed 19, burning bed separator 20 and flue gas cooling system 21 etc.Particularly, this device comprises:
1) shredder assembly 1 that is used for broken brown coal raw material;
2) two-stage screening plant 2, this screening plant links to each other with shredder assembly 1, is used for sieving the brown coal after the fragmentation, and the macrobead brown coal after the screening are sent shredder assembly 1 back to;
3) drying bed 3, being used for the dry screened device, to sieve the particle diameter that gets off be the brown coal of 0.5～6mm;
4) drying bed separator 4 is used for separating the material from drying bed 3, and the gas after will separating is sent into dust-removal system 5 dust removal process;
5) one-level dry distiller 7 is used for solid brown coal that destructive distillation drying bed separator 4 separates and dust-removal system 5 dirt under removing, and generates thick burnt gas-solid mixture;
6) primary separator 8 is used for separating in the one-level dry distiller 7 the thick burnt gas-solid mixture that generates, and the gas after will separating is sent into oil and gas separating system 9 and carried out gas-oil separation;
7) secondary dry distiller 12 is used for the thick burnt solid that destructive distillation primary separator 8 separates, and reduces the volatile matter among thick Jiao;
8) second-stage separator 13 is used for separating the semicoke gas-solid mixture that generates in the secondary dry distiller 12, and the gas after the separation is sent into one-level dry distiller 7 as carrier gas and thermal barrier;
9) semicoke divider 15 is used for the solid semicoke that distributes second-stage separator 13 to separate, and a part of semicoke is sent into semicoke cooling system 16 cooling backs stores, and another part semicoke is sent into burning bed 19 burnings institute of system heat requirement is provided;
10) burning bed 19, the semicoke divider 15 that is used for burning distribute particle diameter that the part semicoke that comes and screening plant 2 the sieve brown coal less than 0.5mm.
Shown in accompanying drawing 1; The brown coal raw material at first gets into shredder assembly 1; Broken back gets into secondary screening plant 2 in shredder assembly 1; After screening, particle diameter is that the coal of 0.5 ~ 6mm gets in drying bed 3 dryings, and the flue gas of origin auto-combustion bed 19 carries out dry certain hour to remove part moisture at 100-150 ℃; Particle diameter gets into burning bed 19 less than the coal of 0.5mm and burns, and particle diameter sends back in the shredder assembly 1 broken again greater than the coal of 6mm.
Drying bed 3 dried materials carry out gas solid separation through drying bed separator 4; Gas after the separation discharges or recycles from chimney 6 after dust-removal system 5 dedusting; As the dry gas of drying bed 3 or the combustion-supporting gas of burning bed 19; The solid coal that drying bed separator 4 separates enters into 7 destructive distillation of one-level dry distiller, and dust-removal system 5 is removed the solid grit that gets off and also got into 7 destructive distillation of one-level dry distiller.The thermal barrier of one-level dry distiller 7 is the coal gas of high temperature of and secondary dry distiller 12 burnt from the heat of burning bed 19; Under the heat of thermal barrier; The brown coal that get in the one-level dry distiller 7 carry out low-temperature pyrolysis under 450 ℃-550 ℃; Behind the destructive distillation certain hour, the thick burnt mixture after the destructive distillation carries out gas solid separation through primary separator 8.Gas after primary separator 8 separates gets into oil and gas separating system 9 and handles, and the solids crude semicoke under the separator separates gets into secondary dry distiller 12 and continues destructive distillation, to reduce fugitive constituent.The oil gas that gets into oil and gas separating system 9 is treated, purify after, tar is stored in storage tank 10, coal gas is stored in gas-holder 11, coal gas is as carrier gas and thermal barrier in one-level dry distiller 7 and the secondary dry distiller 12.
Get into the thick semicoke of secondary dry distiller 12; The elevated temperature heat that is provided by burning bed 19 is burnt and carry out fluidisation and secondary destructive distillation through the coal gas that gas fan 14 blasts as thermal barrier; Further reduce the volatile content in the thick semicoke, the pyrolysis temperature of secondary dry distiller 12 is 700 ℃-850 ℃.Mixture after 12 destructive distillation of secondary dry distiller carries out gas solid separation through second-stage separator 13; Gas after the separation is sent into one-level dry distiller 7 as carrier gas and thermal barrier; Solid semicoke under second-stage separator 13 separates falls into semicoke divider 15 and distributes; After the distribution, a part of solid semicoke is sent into burning bed 19 and is acted as a fuel, and another part is stored in stock chest 19 as product after 16 coolings of semicoke cooling system.
Semicoke and particle diameter burn in burning bed 19 less than the coal of 0.5mm, and temperature of combustion is 900～1100 ℃.Burning bed 19 can be controlled its internal-combustion situation through the air quantity of control blower fan 18, can adjust temperature of combustion and Re Jiao and flue gas output according to operating mode.Burning produces high-temperature coke and high-temperature flue gas provides institute of system heat requirement; Gas-solid mixture carries out gas solid separation through burning bed separator 20; Send into 3 pairs of brown coal of drying bed after the flue gas entering flue gas cooling system 21 adjustment temperature and carry out drying; High-temperature coke is sent into one-level dry distiller 7 and secondary dry distiller 12 respectively as thermal barrier, can adjust the burnt amount of the heat that gets into one-level dry distiller 7 and secondary dry distiller 12 according to operating mode.
Be stored in coal gas in the gas-holder 11 by gas fan 14 suction secondary dry distillers 12; In secondary dry distiller 12 and one-level dry distiller 7, carry out fluidisation as carrier gas; And carry out heat exchange as thermal barrier and raw material, get into oil and gas separating system 9 afterwards once more and separate, recycle.
Claims (2)
1. the brown coal distillation process based on coke carried heat comprises the steps:
1) brown coal broken back in shredder assembly (1) gets into secondary screening plant (2); After screening; Particle diameter is that the coal of 0.5～6mm gets in the drying bed (3) and carries out drying; Particle diameter gets into burning bed (19) less than the coal of 0.5mm and burns, and particle diameter sends back in the shredder assembly (1) broken again greater than the coal of 6mm;
2) the dried material of drying bed (3) carries out gas solid separation through drying bed separator (4); Gas after the separation after dust-removal system (5) dedusting from chimney (6) discharging or reuse as the dry gas of drying bed (3) or the combustion-supporting gas of burning bed (19); The solid brown coal that drying bed separator (4) separates enter into one-level dry distiller (7) destructive distillation, and dust-removal system (5) is removed the solid grit that gets off and also got into one-level dry distiller (7) destructive distillation; Thick burnt gas-solid mixture after one-level dry distiller (7) destructive distillation carries out gas solid separation through primary separator (8); The coal gas that obtains after gas entering oil and gas separating system (9) after the separation is handled, purified is as carrier gas and thermal barrier in one-level dry distiller (7) and the secondary dry distiller (12); The thick burnt solid that is separated by primary separator (8) gets into secondary dry distiller (12) continuation destructive distillation, to reduce volatile matter;
3) carry out gas solid separation by the semicoke gas-solid mixture after secondary dry distiller (12) destructive distillation through second-stage separator (13); Gas after the separation is sent into one-level dry distiller (7) as carrier gas and thermal barrier; The solid semicoke that is separated by second-stage separator (13) falls into semicoke divider (15) and distributes; The part semicoke is sent into burning bed (19) and is acted as a fuel, and all the other semicokes are stored in stock chest (17) after semicoke cooling system (16) cooling;
4) particle diameter burns in burning bed (19) less than the coal of 0.5mm with from the semicoke of semicoke divider (15) and produces high-temperature coke and high-temperature flue gas provides institute of system heat requirement, and the required air of burning bed (19) burning is provided by gas blower (18); The gas-solid mixture of burning bed (19) carries out gas solid separation through burning bed separator (20); Flue gas after the separation gets into to be sent into drying bed (3) after flue gas cooling system (21) the adjustment temperature brown coal is carried out drying, and the high-temperature coke that is separated by burning bed separator (20) is sent into one-level dry distiller (7) and secondary dry distiller (12) respectively as thermal barrier.
2. brown coal destructive distillation device of implementing the described brown coal distillation process based on coke carried heat of claim 1 is characterized in that this device comprises:
1) shredder assembly (1) that is used for broken brown coal raw material;
2) a secondary screening plant (2), this screening plant links to each other with shredder assembly (1), is used for sieving the brown coal after the fragmentation, and the macrobead brown coal after the screening are sent shredder assembly (1) back to;
3) drying bed (3), being used for the dry screened device, to sieve the particle diameter that gets off be the brown coal of 0.5～6mm;
4) a drying bed separator (4) be used for separating the material that comes from drying bed (3), and the gas after will separating is sent into dust-removal system (5) dust removal process;
5) an one-level dry distiller (7) is used for solid brown coal that destructive distillation drying bed separator (4) separates and dust-removal system (5) dirt under removing, and generates thick burnt gas-solid mixture;
6) primary separator (8) is used for separating the thick burnt gas-solid mixture that generates in the one-level dry distiller (7), and the gas after will separating is sent into oil and gas separating system (9) and carried out gas-oil separation;
7) a secondary dry distiller (12) is used for the thick burnt solid that destructive distillation primary separator (8) separates, and reduces the volatile matter among thick Jiao;
8) second-stage separator (13) is used for separating the semicoke gas-solid mixture that generates in the secondary dry distiller (12), and the gas after the separation is sent into one-level dry distiller (7) as carrier gas and thermal barrier;
9) a semicoke divider (15) is used for the solid semicoke that distributes second-stage separator (13) to separate, and a part of semicoke is sent into semicoke cooling system (16) cooling back stores, and another part semicoke is sent into burning bed (19) burning institute of system heat requirement is provided;
10) burning bed (19), the semicoke divider (15) that is used for burning distribute particle diameter that the part semicoke that comes and screening plant (2) the sieve brown coal less than 0.5mm.
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| CN103980912B (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2016-04-27 | 长安大学 | A kind of brown coal method for destructive distillation and device |
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| CN110564437B (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2021-02-09 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | System and method for improving quality of coal in front of pulverized coal furnace |
| CN113512436A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2021-10-19 | 重庆富燃科技股份有限公司 | Process and method for producing coke by using high-volatile/high-moisture/high-sulfur/non-caking coal |
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| CN101775296A (en) | 2010-07-14 |
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