CN102703097B - Dry distillation device for coal with wide particle size distribution and method - Google Patents
Dry distillation device for coal with wide particle size distribution and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of coal chemical industry, in particular to a dry distillation device for coal with wide particle size distribution and a method. The dry distillation device for coal with wide particle size distribution, provided by the invention, comprises a semi-coke outlet (1), a combustion heating chamber (3), a coal feed port (5) and a pyrolysis gas discharge pipe (4); two layers of partition plates are also arranged in the dry distillation device; a pyrolysis gas channel (2) is formed between the two layers of partition plates; and pores are formed in the partition plates to form a gas flow path from a fuel bed to the pyrolysis gas channel (2). In the dry distillation device for coal, provided by the invention, an inner component with good heat transfer performance and made from high-temperature resistant material also can be arranged therein, thus the heat transfer of a heating wall on the fuel bed and in the fuel bed is enhanced. In the invention, the pyrolysis gas channel is added into the dry distillation reaction device, so that the gas-phase product generated in the coal dry distillation process can overflow in time; and due to the inner component, the heat transfer and mass transfer effects are improved, the secondary reaction is reduced, and the tar yield and quality are further improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of coal chemical industry, particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization device and method.
Background technology
Pyrolysis of coal is the primitive reaction in all coal conversion processes, and the coal tar obtaining in this process is the main raw material of coal chemical industry.At present, the mainly catalytic liquefaction based on gasification or coal of the production of coal-based alternative oil gas and chemical, utilizes the composition of coal and constitutional features to prepare the technological line of petroleum replacing, Sweet natural gas and chemical but exist by pyrolysis simultaneously.Calculating shows, utilizes volatile matter direct production oil fuel, the combustion gas of coal itself can improve efficiency 10%-20% compared with conventional art route, reduces water consumption 20%-30%, reduces CO
2discharge 0.3-0.9 ton/ton coal, and by the efficiency of pyrolysis and methanation production synthetic natural gas (SNG) can reach 75%, can be to 65% for the efficiency of oil fuel by pyrolysis and Hydrogenation.
Common destructive distillation heat-supplying mode can be divided into internal heat type and external-heat at present.Internal heat type technology is direct by high-temperature gas (or solid) thermal barrier and material contact heat-exchanging carries out pyrolysis.It is high that internal heat type pyrogenation and carbonization technology has heat transfer efficiency, and heating rate is fast, the advantage such as is heated evenly.But the problem existing is at present during with gaseous heat-carrier direct heating, raw material granularity is required higher, in the time processing small particle size broken coal, the dustiness of coal gas and tar is high; While heating with solid thermal carriers, generally adopt high temperature ash, high temperature semicoke etc. and coal particle direct contact heat transfer, but in actual production, pyrolysis gas entrained dirt is serious, makes quality of coke tar variation, when serious, can cause line clogging.For overcoming the above problems, some researchs are carried out.As: patent CN 101818071A is exactly taking high temperature ash as thermal barrier, by changing the pipeline of introducing high temperature ash into multistage branch shape, solid thermal carriers are incorporated into reactor middle and lower part, pyrolysis feed coal joins inside reactor by top simultaneously, and reinforced time, the introduction pipeline of thermal barrier can carry out preheating to raw material.The coal charge that is deposited in reactor top in pyrolytic process can play certain filteration to dust.But this structure of reactor complexity, is easy to cause line clogging if particularly run into the situations such as pyrolysis feed coking, cause the problems such as heat exchange is inhomogeneous.External-heat technology is to conduct heat to material by heated wall, the process that material bed ecto-entad heats up gradually.External-heat pyrolysis retorting technique is owing to not introducing other heat-carrying agent mediums, thereby the tar dustiness obtaining is relatively low, caloric power of gas is higher.But when pyrolysis feed particle diameter hour, because it piles up closely knit at device interior, external heat source is difficult to the inner coal of heating, cause material to be heated inhomogeneous, the pyrolysis gas effusion resistance that produces is large, overstand causes secondary reaction aggravation, thereby causes that tar yield is low, mink cell focus content is high, the problem such as poor quality, production efficiency are low.On the other hand, in the process of mining, produce the broken coal below a large amount of particle diameter 20mm with current coal-mining technique, find its mode tool that effectively utilizes is of great significance.Patent CN 102212378A is that still, this patent unresolved pyrolysis gas effusion resistance are large, the problem of overstand by adding inner member to strengthening the heat transfer in small particle size carbon raw material pyrolytic process in pyrolysis reactor, having certain effect.
Can be found out by above analysis, the key problem that wide particle diameter distribution dry distillation of coal process exists is at present the mass-and heat-transfer of how strengthening in its reaction process.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, for overcome rate of heat transfer that wide particle diameter distribution coal exists in external-heat indirect heating destructive distillation device slow and because pyrolysis gas effusion resistance is large, the residence time longly causes low, the inferior problem of tar yield, provides a kind of for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization device.By pyrolysis gases channel is set in pyrolysis reactor, the mass-and heat-transfer in strengthening pyrolysis of coal process.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of based on above-mentioned destructive distillation device for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization method.
Of the present invention for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization device, comprise: semicoke relief outlet 1, combustion heating chamber 3, coal filling hole 5 and pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4, wherein, two-layer dividing plate is also set in described destructive distillation device, between this two-layer dividing plate, form pyrolysis gases channel 2, described dividing plate is provided with hole, forms the gas flow path of zone of combustion to pyrolysis gas passage 2.
According to destructive distillation device of the present invention, wherein, described dividing plate is be arranged in shutter or arranged and formed by some tubular material 11 parallel interval with the sheet material 9 of sieve aperture or by some entity sheet material 10 parallel interval.
According to destructive distillation device of the present invention, wherein, described pyrolysis gases channel 2 closed upper parts are also connected with pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4, between passage top and destructive distillation device top cover, leave spacing, so that reinforced process Raw can be evenly distributed to around pyrolysis gases channel 2.
According to destructive distillation device of the present invention, wherein, the lower end of described pyrolysis gases channel 2 is connected with the semicoke relief outlet 1 arranging on destructive distillation device bottom, so that reacted the semicoke in rear eliminating pyrolysis gases channel 2.
According to destructive distillation device of the present invention, in described destructive distillation device, be also provided with some board-like inner members 6; Described board-like inner member 6 is to be placed in destructive distillation device perpendicular to the mode of destructive distillation device top and bottom, and wherein, board-like inner member 6 one end are connected in heated wall 8 and are uniformly distributed in two heated wall 8; Board-like inner member 6 extends in coal seam in destructive distillation device from heated wall 8, and does not contact pyrolysis gases channel 2.
Between above-mentioned board-like inner member 6 and destructive distillation device bottom, leave spacing, so that reacted rear eliminating semicoke.
Of the present invention for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization device group, composed in parallel by some destructive distillation devices, described destructive distillation device comprises: semicoke relief outlet 1, combustion heating chamber 3, coal filling hole 5 and pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4, wherein, two-layer dividing plate is also set in described destructive distillation device, between this two-layer dividing plate, formed pyrolysis gases channel 2, described dividing plate is provided with hole, forms the gas flow path of zone of combustion to pyrolysis gas passage 2; Pyrolysis gases channel 2 tops of described destructive distillation device are connected with pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4, and some pyrolysis gas vent pipes 4 are connected with main header road 7, and pyrolysis gas-phase product is discharged by main header road 7.
According to destructive distillation device group of the present invention, wherein, described dividing plate is be arranged in shutter or arranged and formed by some tubular material 11 parallel interval with the sheet material 9 of sieve aperture or by some entity sheet material 10 parallel interval.
According to destructive distillation device group of the present invention, wherein, in described destructive distillation device, be also provided with some board-like inner members 6; Described board-like inner member 6 is to be placed in destructive distillation device perpendicular to the mode of destructive distillation device top and bottom, and wherein, board-like inner member 6 one end are connected in heated wall 8 and are uniformly distributed in two heated wall 8; Board-like inner member 6 extends in coal seam in destructive distillation device from heated wall 8, and does not contact pyrolysis gases channel 2.
Of the present invention based on above-mentioned destructive distillation device for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization method, comprise the following steps:
1) pyrolyzing coal enters in destructive distillation device through coal filling hole 5, lays respectively at pyrolysis gases channel 2 both sides;
2) destructive distillation device on the one hand by combustion heating chamber 3 to heated wall 8 heat temperature raisings and then to pyrolyzing coal heating, pyrolyzing coal is heated to entrained heat in pyrolysis gases channel 2 moving process by pyrolysis gas-phase product on the other hand;
3) pyrolysis gas-phase product is pooled in pyrolysis gases channel 2 through the hole of pyrolysis gases channel 2 walls, and discharges through pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4, then carries out the separating treatment of pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil; Solid product is discharged by semicoke relief outlet 1, and does quenching processing.
For wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization method, wherein, be also provided with board-like inner member 6 in described destructive distillation device according to of the present invention, wherein, described board-like inner member 6 stretches into pyrolyzing coal coal seam, and heat and mass wherein can be strengthened by board-like inner member 6 in pyrolysis coal seam.
According to of the present invention, for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization method, wherein, described pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4 mouth of pipe places preferably arrange induced draft fan, make to form larger pressure difference between the mouth of pipe and pyrolysis gases channel 2, accelerate pyrolysis gas and discharge.
Be used for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization method according to the present invention, wherein, when described destructive distillation device contains board-like inner member 6, pyrolyzing coal is within coal filling hole 5 adds the destructive distillation device that pyrolysis gases channel 2 is housed, be positioned at pyrolysis gases channel 2 both sides, and make board-like inner member 6 stretch into coal seam.Destructive distillation device is on the one hand by combustion heating chamber's 3 indirect heating intensification pyrolyzing coals, carry out heat and mass transfer enhancement by board-like inner member 6 on the other hand, simultaneously pyrolysis gas-phase product also can carry out direct heating intensification to pyrolyzing coal to the entrained heat of pyrolysis gas in pyrolysis gases channel 2 moving process, and its temperature rise rate will increase sharply.
The invention has the advantages that, in dry distillation reactor device, added pyrolysis gases channel, the gas-phase product producing in dry distillation of coal process can be overflowed in time, simultaneously by inner member is set, improve heat and mass effect, reduced secondary reaction, be conducive to improve tar yield and quality.Simultaneously also can carry out direct heating intensification to raw material at pyrolysis gas-phase product to the entrained heat of pyrolysis gas in pyrolysis gases channel moving process, material temperature rise rate is improved greatly, heating uniformity is also improved, and efficiently solves the slow problem of rate of heat transfer that external-heat indirect heating pyrolysis reactor exists.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization apparatus structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization apparatus structure schematic diagram (containing board-like inner member);
Fig. 3 be the present invention for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization device top plan view, wherein, pyrolysis gases channel dividing plate is the sheet material with sieve aperture;
Fig. 4 be the present invention for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization device top plan view, wherein, pyrolysis gases channel dividing plate is arranged in shutter by some entity sheet material parallel interval;
Fig. 5 be the present invention for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization device top plan view, wherein, pyrolysis gases channel dividing plate is arranged and is formed by some tubular material parallel interval;
Fig. 6 is that the present invention is for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization device group structural representation.
Accompanying drawing mark
1, semicoke relief outlet 2, pyrolysis gases channel 3, combustion heating chamber
4, pyrolysis gas vent pipe 5, coal filling hole 6, board-like inner member
7, main header road 8, heated wall 9, the sheet material that contains sieve aperture
10, entity sheet material 11, tubular material 12, coal seam
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, describe for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization device and method of the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 1-6, of the present invention for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization device, comprise: semicoke relief outlet 1, combustion heating chamber 3, coal filling hole 5 and pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4, wherein, two-layer dividing plate is also set in described destructive distillation device, between this two-layer dividing plate, form pyrolysis gases channel 2, described dividing plate is provided with hole, forms the gas flow path of zone of combustion to pyrolysis gas passage 2.Described dividing plate is be arranged in shutter (Fig. 4) or arranged and formed (Fig. 5) by some tubular material 11 parallel interval with the sheet material 9 (Fig. 3) of sieve aperture or by some entity sheet material 10 parallel interval.Described pyrolysis gases channel 2 closed upper parts are also connected with pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4, between passage top and destructive distillation device top cover, leave spacing, so that reinforced process Raw can be evenly distributed to around pyrolysis gases channel 2.The lower end of described pyrolysis gases channel 2 is connected with the semicoke relief outlet 1 arranging on destructive distillation device bottom, so that reacted the semicoke in rear eliminating pyrolysis gases channel 2.
In described destructive distillation device, be also provided with some board-like inner members 6 (Fig. 2); Described board-like inner member 6 is to be placed in destructive distillation device perpendicular to the mode of destructive distillation device top and bottom, and wherein, board-like inner member 6 one end are connected in heated wall 8 and are uniformly distributed in two heated wall 8; Board-like inner member 6 extends in coal seam in destructive distillation device from heated wall 8, and does not contact pyrolysis gases channel 2.Between board-like inner member 6 and destructive distillation device bottom, leave spacing, so that reacted rear eliminating semicoke.
Of the present invention for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization device group, composed in parallel by some destructive distillation devices, as shown in Figure 6, described destructive distillation device comprises: semicoke relief outlet 1, combustion heating chamber 3, coal filling hole 5 and pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4, wherein, two-layer dividing plate is also set in described destructive distillation device, between this two-layer dividing plate, has formed pyrolysis gases channel 2, described dividing plate is provided with hole, forms the gas flow path of fuel bed to pyrolysis gas passage 2; Pyrolysis gases channel 2 tops of described destructive distillation device are connected with pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4, and some pyrolysis gas vent pipes 4 are connected with main header road 7, and pyrolysis gas-phase product is discharged by main header road 7.Described dividing plate is be arranged in shutter or arranged and formed by some tubular material 11 parallel interval with the sheet material 9 of sieve aperture or by some entity sheet material 10 parallel interval.In described destructive distillation device, be also provided with some board-like inner members 6; Described board-like inner member 6 is to be placed in destructive distillation device perpendicular to the mode of destructive distillation device top and bottom, and wherein, board-like inner member 6 one end are connected in heated wall 8 and are uniformly distributed in two heated wall 8; Board-like inner member 6 extends in coal seam in destructive distillation device from heated wall 8, and does not contact pyrolysis gases channel 2.
Of the present invention based on above-mentioned destructive distillation device for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization method, comprise the following steps:
1) pyrolyzing coal enters in destructive distillation device through coal filling hole 5, lays respectively at pyrolysis gases channel 2 both sides;
2) destructive distillation device on the one hand by combustion heating chamber 3 to heated wall 8 heat temperature raisings and then to pyrolyzing coal heating, pyrolyzing coal is heated to entrained heat in pyrolysis gases channel 2 moving process by pyrolysis gas-phase product on the other hand;
3) pyrolysis gas-phase product is pooled in pyrolysis gases channel 2 through the hole of pyrolysis gases channel 2 walls, and discharges through pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4, then carries out the separating treatment of pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil; Solid product is discharged by semicoke relief outlet 1, and does quenching processing.
Wherein, be also provided with board-like inner member 6 in described destructive distillation device, wherein, described board-like inner member 6 stretches into pyrolyzing coal coal seam, and heat and mass wherein can be strengthened by board-like inner member 6 in pyrolysis coal seam.Described pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4 mouth of pipe places preferably arrange induced draft fan, make to form larger pressure difference between the mouth of pipe and pyrolysis gases channel 2, accelerate pyrolysis gas and discharge.
When described destructive distillation device contains board-like inner member 6, pyrolyzing coal, within coal filling hole 5 adds the destructive distillation device that pyrolysis gases channel 2 is housed, is positioned at pyrolysis gases channel 2 both sides, and makes board-like inner member 6 stretch into coal seam 12.Destructive distillation device is on the one hand by combustion heating chamber's 3 indirect heating intensification pyrolyzing coals, carry out heat and mass transfer enhancement by board-like inner member 6 on the other hand, simultaneously pyrolysis gas-phase product also can carry out direct heating intensification to pyrolyzing coal to the entrained heat of pyrolysis gas in pyrolysis gases channel 2 moving process, and its temperature rise rate will increase sharply.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is the pyrolysis that the particle diameter of fixed bed, indirect heating mode is less than the Fugu coal of 5mm, as shown in Figure 1, destructive distillation device inside is provided with pyrolysis gases channel 2, comprise coal filling hole 5, combustion heating chamber 3, pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4 and semicoke relief outlet 1,2 liang of walls of pyrolysis gases channel are parallel with combustion heating chamber 3.In the combustion chamber of destructive distillation device both sides, fuel gas buring provides heat and is imported in pyrolysis coal seam by combustion heating chamber 3.Feed coal is packed in destructive distillation device by coal filling hole 5, the concurrent raw pyrolytic reaction that heats up, and pyrolysis gas-phase product enters pyrolysis gases channel 2 and is finally pooled to pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4 and drawn.Reach predetermined temperature of reaction and after the time, carry out coke discharging operation, coke is discharged by semicoke relief outlet 1.About quenching and tar, coal gas treatment technology can be by prior art processing.
Compared with not adding the destructive distillation device of pyrolysis gas-phase product exhaust channel, 100kg coal its core temperature in 3 hours rises to 420 DEG C by original 280 DEG C, shows that rate of heat transfer improves greatly.Meanwhile, tar yield improve 1 times above, containing dust rate below 0.5%.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is the pyrolysis that the board-like inner member strengthening particle diameter of fixed bed, indirect heating mode is less than the Fugu coal of 5mm, as shown in Figure 2, board-like inner member 6 and pyrolysis gases channel 2 are housed in destructive distillation device, comprise coal filling hole 5, combustion heating chamber 3, pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4 and semicoke relief outlet 1, board-like inner member 6 to be to be placed in destructive distillation device perpendicular to the mode of pyrolysis reactor both sides heated wall and furnace bottom, and pyrolysis gases channel 2 and combustion heating chamber 3 are parallel and between the board-like inner member 6 in two ends.In the combustion chamber of destructive distillation device both sides, fuel gas buring provides heat and is imported in pyrolysis coal seam by combustion heating chamber 3 and board-like inner member 6.Feed coal is packed in destructive distillation device by coal filling hole 5, the concurrent raw pyrolytic reaction that heats up, and pyrolysis gas-phase product enters pyrolysis gases channel 2 and derives.Final all pyrolysis gas-phase products are pooled to pyrolysis gas vent pipe 4 and are drawn, and reach predetermined temperature of reaction and after the time, carry out coke discharging operation, and coke is discharged by semicoke relief outlet 1.About quenching and tar, coal gas treatment technology can be by prior art processing.
Compare with the pyrolysis reactor of pyrolysis gas-phase product exhaust channel with not adding inner member, 100kg coal its core temperature in 3 hours rises to 553 DEG C by original 280 DEG C, shows that rate of heat transfer has raise 1 times.Meanwhile, tar yield is the more than 1.3 times of productive rate while not adding inner member, contains dust rate below 0.5%.
It is to be noted, for specific implementation method of the present invention, as the aperture of destructive distillation device inner chamber body limit wall, pore distribution, the shape of cavity, combining form and the operating method etc. of shape, size, installing space and distribution mode, pyrolysis reactor and other devices of inner member still can modify and improve, but can not deviate from therefrom scope of the present invention and the essence spirit of defined in claims.
Claims (9)
1. one kind for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization device, comprise: semicoke relief outlet (1), combustion heating chamber (3), coal filling hole (5) and pyrolysis gas vent pipe (4), it is characterized in that, two-layer dividing plate is also set in described destructive distillation device, between this two-layer dividing plate, form pyrolysis gases channel (2), described dividing plate is provided with hole, forms the gas flow path of fuel bed to pyrolysis gases channel (2); Wherein, described pyrolysis gases channel (2) closed upper part is also connected with pyrolysis gas vent pipe (4), between passage top and destructive distillation device top cover, leaves spacing, for evenly reinforced.
2. destructive distillation device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described dividing plate is the sheet material (9) with sieve aperture or is arranged in shutter or is arranged and formed by some tubular materials (11) parallel interval by some entity sheet materials (10) parallel interval.
3. destructive distillation device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the lower end of described pyrolysis gases channel (2) is connected with the semicoke relief outlet (1) arranging on destructive distillation device bottom, for discharging the semicoke of pyrolysis gases channel (2).
4. destructive distillation device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is also provided with some board-like inner members (6) in described destructive distillation device; Described board-like inner member (6) is to be placed in destructive distillation device perpendicular to the mode of destructive distillation device top and bottom, wherein, board-like inner member (6) one end is connected in heated wall (8) and is uniformly distributed in two heated wall (8); Board-like inner member (6) extends in coal seam in destructive distillation device from heated wall (8).
5. one kind for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization device group, composed in parallel by some destructive distillation devices, described destructive distillation device comprises: semicoke relief outlet (1), combustion heating chamber (3), coal filling hole (5) and pyrolysis gas vent pipe (4), it is characterized in that, two-layer dividing plate is also set in described destructive distillation device, between this two-layer dividing plate, form pyrolysis gases channel (2), described dividing plate is provided with hole, forms the gas flow path of fuel bed to pyrolysis gases channel (2); Pyrolysis gases channel (2) top of described destructive distillation device is connected with pyrolysis gas vent pipe (4), some pyrolysis gas vent pipes (4) are connected with main header road (7), and pyrolysis gas-phase product is discharged by main header road (7).
6. destructive distillation device group according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described dividing plate is the sheet material (9) with sieve aperture or is arranged in shutter or is arranged and formed by some tubular materials (11) parallel interval by some entity sheet materials (10) parallel interval.
7. destructive distillation device group according to claim 5, is characterized in that, is also provided with some board-like inner members (6) in described destructive distillation device; Described board-like inner member (6) is to be placed in destructive distillation device perpendicular to the mode of destructive distillation device top and bottom, wherein, board-like inner member (6) one end is connected in heated wall (8) and is uniformly distributed in two heated wall (8); Board-like inner member (6) extends in coal seam in destructive distillation device from heated wall (8).
Based on claim 1 for a wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization method, it is characterized in that, described method for destructive distillation comprises the following steps:
1) pyrolyzing coal enters in destructive distillation device through coal filling hole (5), lays respectively at pyrolysis gases channel (2) both sides;
2) destructive distillation device on the one hand by combustion heating chamber (3) to heated wall (8) heat temperature raising and then to pyrolyzing coal heating, pyrolyzing coal is heated to entrained heat in pyrolysis gases channel (2) moving process by pyrolysis gas-phase product on the other hand;
3) pyrolysis gas-phase product is pooled in pyrolysis gases channel (2) through the hole of pyrolysis gases channel (2) wall, and discharges through pyrolysis gas vent pipe (4); Solid product is discharged by semicoke relief outlet (1).
9. according to claim 8 for wide particle diameter distribution coal carbonization method, it is characterized in that, in described destructive distillation device, be also provided with board-like inner member (6), wherein, described board-like inner member (6) stretches into pyrolyzing coal coal seam, and heat and mass is wherein strengthened by board-like inner member (6) in pyrolysis coal seam.
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