CN110564437B - System and method for improving quality of coal in front of pulverized coal furnace - Google Patents
System and method for improving quality of coal in front of pulverized coal furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN110564437B CN110564437B CN201910879519.4A CN201910879519A CN110564437B CN 110564437 B CN110564437 B CN 110564437B CN 201910879519 A CN201910879519 A CN 201910879519A CN 110564437 B CN110564437 B CN 110564437B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/04—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/02—Dust removal
- C10K1/024—Dust removal by filtration
Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for improving the quality of stokehole coal of a pulverized coal furnace, and relates to the field of the quality improvement of low-rank coal. The system comprises a crushing device, a drying device, a dry distillation device, a drying and dust removing device, a drying and cooling device, a dry distillation and dust removing device, a filter material heating device, a dry distillation and cooling device, a coal gas purifying device, a combustion device and a flue gas dust removing device. The crushed low-rank raw coal sequentially enters a drying device and a dry distillation device, high-temperature smoke generated by a combustion device is used as a heat source to carry out quality improvement treatment on the low-rank raw coal, and the quality-improved coal is sent to a coal mill to prepare raw materials required by a pulverized coal furnace; the dry gas-phase product is sent into a descending section of a U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal furnace after dust removal and dehydration treatment to generate strong reducing atmosphere and inhibit NO in the furnacexGenerating; the dry distillation gas phase product is purified and then sent to the ascending section of the U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal furnace for exhaust gas reburning to further reduce NOxAnd (4) generating. The coal upgrading system provided by the invention is easy to realize in engineering, and the industrialization amplification is simple and feasible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system and a method for upgrading stokehole coal of a pulverized coal furnace, and belongs to the field of upgrading of low-rank coal.
Background
The pulverized coal boiler has the advantages of high combustion efficiency, low pollutant discharge and the like, and is a coal-fired industrial boiler with the greatest development prospect. And (3) displaying published data: the heat efficiency of the pulverized coal industrial boiler can reach more than 92 percent generally, and is equivalent to that of a pulverized coal boiler and an oil gas boiler of a power station, and dust and SO2And NOxAnd the actual emission of pollutants is close to that of a natural gas boiler. However, the pulverized coal boiler has relatively high requirements on the fuel quality, generally requires that the calorific value of raw material coal is about 6000 kcal/kg, the volatile component content is higher than 30%, the water content is lower than 5%, and the like, but the high-quality coal resources in China are limited, and more than 55% of the coal reserves are lignite and subbituminous coal. If the low-quality lignite and subbituminous coal are directly combusted in the pulverized coal furnace, incomplete combustion and NO can be generated due to the limitation of combustion spacexAnd the emission is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the applicability of the pulverized coal furnace to coal types and widen the sources of raw materials of the pulverized coal industrial boiler, the invention provides a stokehole coal upgrading system and a stokehole coal upgrading method for the pulverized coal furnace, which are used for processing low-quality lignite or subbituminous coal into raw materials suitable for the pulverized coal industrial boiler.
The invention provides a stokehole coal upgrading system of a pulverized coal furnace, which comprises: the device comprises a crushing device, a drying device, a dry distillation device, a dry dust removal device, a dry cooling device, a dry distillation dust removal device, a filter material heating device, a dry distillation cooling device, a coal gas purification device, a combustion device, a coal mill, a pulverized coal boiler and a flue gas dust removal device;
the crushing device is used for crushing the low-quality lignite and the sub-bituminous coal to be less than 10 mm;
the solid material inlet of the drying device is connected with the outlet of the crushing device, and the solid material outlet is connected with the solid material inlet of the dry distillation device and used for reducing the water content in the raw material coal to be below 3%;
the solid material outlet of the dry distillation device is connected with the coal mill inlet of the pulverized coal furnace, the airflow inlet of the dry distillation device for supplying heat is provided with an upper airflow inlet and a lower airflow inlet, the airflow inlet at the lower part of the dry distillation device is connected with the hot flue gas outlet of the combustion device, and the airflow inlet at the upper part of the dry distillation device is connected with the airflow outlet of the filter material heating device and is used for extracting residual moisture, 30-50% of volatile components, 35-65% of sulfur and 15-35% of nitrogen in the dried coal;
the solid material inlet of the combustion device is connected with the outlet of the crushing device, the airflow outlet of the combustion device is divided into two strands, one strand is connected with the lower airflow inlet of the dry distillation device, and the other strand is connected with the airflow inlet of the filter material heating device and used for generating high-temperature flue gas at 800-900 ℃;
the gas flow inlet of the flue gas dust removal device is connected with the gas flow outlet of the dry distillation device, which is used for supplying heat, and the gas flow outlet of the flue gas dust removal device is connected with the gas flow inlet of the drying device and is used for removing dust particles contained in the flue gas;
the gas flow inlet of the drying and dust removing device is connected with the gas flow outlet of the drying device, and the gas flow outlet of the drying and dust removing device is connected with the inlet of the drying and cooling device and used for removing coal dust in the outlet gas of the drying device;
the gas flow outlet of the drying and cooling device is connected with the gas inlet of the descending section of the U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal boiler and is used for removing water vapor in a dried gas-phase product;
the dry distillation dust removal device is characterized in that an airflow inlet of the dry distillation dust removal device is connected with a product gas outlet of the dry distillation device, an airflow outlet of the dry distillation dust removal device is connected with an airflow inlet of the dry distillation cooling device, and a solid material inlet of the dry distillation dust removal device is connected with a solid material outlet of the filter material heating device and used for removing coke dust particles in dry distillation product gas;
the filter material heating device is connected with an airflow inlet of the combustion device, and an airflow outlet of the filter material heating device is connected with an upper airflow outlet of the dry distillation device for supplying heat, and is used for heating the solid filter material to the temperature equivalent to that of the dry distillation device;
the gas flow outlet of the dry distillation cooling device is connected with the gas flow inlet of the gas purification device and is used for separating tar components in the dry distillation product gas;
and an air flow outlet of the coal gas purification device is connected with a waste gas inlet of an ascending section of the U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal boiler and is used for removing sulfur and nitrogen pollutants contained in the dry distillation gas.
In the device, an upper airflow outlet and a lower airflow outlet of the dry distillation device for supplying heat are communicated through a pipeline and then enter the flue gas dust removal device together; the combustion device adopts a bubbling fluidized bed mode to generate high-temperature flue gas at 800-900 ℃, the drying device adopts a fluidized bed, coal and the flue gas flow in a reverse direction, and the moisture in the raw coal is reduced to be below 3%; the dry distillation device adopts a moving bed type, and the heat exchange is carried out between the hot flue gas and the dry coal in an indirect mode; the carbonization cooling device adopts an indirect heat exchange mode to obtain a tar product; the drying dust removal device and the flue gas dust removal device adopt bag-type dust collectors or cyclone separators.
The invention also provides a stokehole coal upgrading method for the pulverized coal furnace, which is carried out by adopting the stokehole coal upgrading system and comprises the following steps:
the low-rank raw coal enters a crushing device, raw coal with the water content of 10-40% is crushed to be below 10mm, then the raw coal is divided into two strands, one strand is sent to a combustion device to generate high-temperature flue gas at 800-900 ℃, the other strand enters a drying device and enters from the bottom of the drying device, hot flue gas at 180-250 ℃ from a flue gas dust removal device is directly and reversely contacted, the water in the raw coal is removed, and the water content of the raw coal is reduced to be below 3%;
the dust-containing gas phase product generated by the drying device enters a drying and dust removing device, the dust-containing gas phase product is subjected to coal dust particle removal, then enters a drying and cooling device, is further subjected to water vapor removal, and then is sent to a descending section of a U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal furnace;
the dried coal enters a dry distillation device and is generated by a combustion device to be 800-900oC high-temperature flue gas and 450-650 parts from a filter material heating deviceoC, extracting the residual moisture, 30-50% of volatile components, 35-65% of sulfur and 15-35% of nitrogen in the dry coal by adopting an indirect contact heat exchange mode;
the mixture which is generated by the dry distillation device and contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, hydrocarbon gas (C2-C4), carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia cyanide, water vapor, tar steam and coke powder enters a dry distillation dust removal device, a solid particle filter material is used, the coke powder in the mixture is removed under the isothermal condition, the dry distillation dust removal device is preheated by the solid particle filter material, the preheating is completed in a filter material heating device, and the mixture is preheated to the required temperature by using part of high-temperature flue gas generated by a combustion device; the mixture after dust removal enters a dry distillation cooling device to remove water vapor and tar steam, then enters a coal gas purification device, sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing substances are removed, and then the mixture is sent to an ascending section of a U-shaped hearth of a pulverized coal furnace;
the upgraded coal after dry distillation enters a coal mill of a pulverized coal boiler.
Further, the solid particle filter material is semi-coke, quartz sand or alumina balls generated by high-temperature coking.
The method adopts a combined means of drying and dry distillation to process the low-quality lignite or subbituminous coal into the raw materials with low water content, low pollution and high calorific value suitable for the pulverized coal furnace, effectively avoids the difficult problem of separation of tar products and water in the dry distillation process, and effectively reduces the cost of removing sulfur and nitrogen in the raw materials by adopting a mode of removing pollutants in a grading manner.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) firstly, the high-temperature flue gas is used for extracting the moisture in the low-quality lignite or subbituminous coal, so that the difficult problem of separation of tar products and water in the dry distillation process is effectively avoided;
(2) in the dry distillation process, 35-65% of sulfur-containing compounds and 15-35% of nitrogen-containing compounds in the raw material coal can be extracted, so that the content of sulfur and nitrogen pollution elements in the upgraded coal is reduced, the desulfurization and denitrification loads of the pulverized coal boiler are further reduced, in addition, the gas volume of the dry distillation product gas is relatively small (about 1/40 of the flue gas volume of the pulverized coal boiler), the concentration of sulfur and nitrogen pollutants is relatively high, the sulfur and nitrogen pollutants are easier to remove, and the removal cost of sulfur and nitrogen in the raw coal is effectively reduced by adopting a mode of removing the pollutants in a grading manner;
(3) 30-50% of volatile components in the coal are extracted in the dry distillation process, precious hydrocarbon resources in the raw coal are fully utilized, high value-added tar products are obtained, and meanwhile, the safety of the upgraded coal in the subsequent coal pulverizing process is improved;
(4) the upgraded coal obtained by the dry distillation device directly enters a coal mill of the pulverized coal boiler under the condition of not reducing the temperature, the sensible heat of the upgraded coal is fully utilized, and the thermal efficiency of the process is improved;
(5) gas-phase products generated in the drying process are sent to a descending section of a U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal furnace after being dedusted and cooled to generate strong reducing atmosphere to inhibit NO in the furnacexThe dry distillation coal gas is sent into the ascending section of the U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal furnace to be combusted again, and the NO is further reducedxAnd (4) generating.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coal upgrading system in front of a pulverized coal furnace according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a crushing device, 2, a drying device, 3, a dry distillation device, 4, a combustion device, 5, a drying and dust removal device, 6, a drying and cooling device, 7, a dry distillation and dust removal device, 8, a filter material heating device, 9, a dry distillation and cooling device, 10, a coal gas purification device, 11, a coal mill, 12, a pulverized coal boiler, 13 and a flue gas dust removal device.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1:
the invention provides a coal before-furnace upgrading system of a pulverized coal furnace, which comprises:
the crushing device is used for crushing the low-quality lignite and the sub-bituminous coal to be less than 10 mm;
the solid material inlet of the drying device is connected with the outlet of the crushing device, and the solid material outlet is connected with the solid material inlet of the dry distillation device and used for reducing the water content in the raw material coal to be below 3%;
the solid material outlet of the dry distillation device is connected with the coal mill inlet of the pulverized coal furnace, the airflow inlet of the dry distillation device for supplying heat is provided with an upper airflow inlet and a lower airflow inlet, the airflow inlet at the lower part of the dry distillation device is connected with the hot flue gas outlet of the combustion device, and the airflow inlet at the upper part of the dry distillation device is connected with the airflow outlet of the filter material heating device and is used for extracting residual moisture, 30-50% of volatile components, 35-65% of sulfur and 15-35% of nitrogen in the dried coal;
the solid material inlet of the combustion device is connected with the outlet of the crushing device, the airflow outlet of the combustion device is divided into two strands, one strand is connected with the airflow inlet at the lower part of the dry distillation device, and the other strand is connected with the airflow inlet of the filter material heating device and used for generating 800-900 air flowsoC, high-temperature flue gas;
preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the gas flow inlet of the flue gas dust removal device is connected with the gas flow outlet of the dry distillation device, which is used for supplying heat, and the gas flow outlet of the flue gas dust removal device is connected with the gas flow inlet of the drying device and is used for removing dust particles contained in the flue gas;
the gas flow inlet of the drying and dust removing device is connected with the gas flow outlet of the drying device, and the gas flow outlet of the drying and dust removing device is connected with the inlet of the drying and cooling device and used for removing coal dust in the outlet gas of the drying device;
the gas flow outlet of the drying and cooling device is connected with the gas inlet of the descending section of the U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal boiler and is used for removing water vapor in a dried gas-phase product;
the dry distillation dust removal device is characterized in that an airflow inlet of the dry distillation dust removal device is connected with a product gas outlet of the dry distillation device, an airflow outlet of the dry distillation dust removal device is connected with an airflow inlet of the dry distillation cooling device, and a solid material inlet of the dry distillation dust removal equipment is connected with a solid material outlet of the filter material heating device and used for removing coke dust particles in dry distillation product gas;
the filter material heating device is connected with an airflow inlet of the combustion device, and an airflow outlet of the filter material heating device is connected with an upper airflow outlet of the dry distillation device for supplying heat, and is used for heating the solid filter material to the temperature equivalent to that of the dry distillation device;
the gas flow outlet of the dry distillation cooling device is connected with the gas flow inlet of the gas purification device and is used for separating tar components in the dry distillation product gas;
and an air flow outlet of the coal gas purification device is connected with a waste gas inlet of an ascending section of the U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal boiler and is used for removing sulfur and nitrogen pollutants contained in the dry distillation gas.
Referring to fig. 1, it is a schematic structural diagram of a coal upgrading system before a pulverized coal furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention. The coal upgrading system comprises a crushing device 1, a drying device 2, a dry distillation device 3, a combustion device 4, a drying and dust removal device 5, a drying and cooling device 6, a dry distillation and dust removal device 7, a filter material heating device 8, a dry distillation and cooling device 9, a coal gas purification device 10, a coal mill 11, a pulverized coal boiler 12 and a flue gas dust removal device 13, wherein the crushing device 1, the drying device 2, the dry distillation device 3 and the coal mill 11 are connected in sequence. Specifically, a coal inlet of the drying device 2 is connected with a coal outlet of the crushing device 1, a coal inlet of the dry distillation device 3 is connected with a coal outlet of the drying device 2, a coal inlet of the coal mill 11 is connected with a coal outlet of the dry distillation device 3, and powder prepared by the coal mill is directly fed into the pulverized coal boiler 12. The coal inlet of the combustion device 4 is connected with the coal outlet of the crushing device 1.
Moreover, the flue gas outlet of the combustion device 4 is respectively connected with the lower airflow inlet of the dry distillation device 3 for supplying heat and the airflow inlet of the filter material heating device 8, and 800-900 parts are provided for the lower airflow inlet and the airflow inletoAnd the high-temperature flue gas of the step C is respectively used for most of heat required by dry distillation of the dry coal and heat required by preheating of the filter material. The airflow outlet of the filter material heating device 8 is connected with the upper airflow inlet of the dry distillation device 3 for supplying heat, and 450-650 parts of the airflow is supplied to the dry distillation deviceoC, providing residual heat required by dry distillation of the dry coal. The airflow inlet of the flue gas dust removal device 13 is connected with the airflow outlet of the dry distillation device 3 for supplying heat for removing dust in hot flue gas, and the airflow outlet of the flue gas dust removal device 13 is connected with the airflow inlet of the drying device 2 for supplying 180-250 parts of dust to the drying deviceoAnd C, hot flue gas is used for dehydrating the raw coal. An airflow inlet of the drying and dust removing device 5 is connected with an airflow outlet of the drying device 2, an airflow inlet of the drying and cooling device 6 is connected with an airflow outlet of the drying and dust removing device 5, and an airflow outlet of the drying and cooling device 6 is connected with an airflow inlet of a descending section of the U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal boiler 12. The product airflow outlet of the dry distillation device 3 is connected with the airflow inlet of the dry distillation dust removal device 7, the airflow inlet of the dry distillation cooling device 9 is connected with the airflow outlet of the dry distillation dust removal device 7, the airflow inlet of the coal gas purification device 10 is connected with the airflow outlet of the dry distillation cooling device 9, and the airflow outlet of the coal gas purification device 10 is connected with the airflow inlet of the ascending section of the U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal boiler 12.
Preferably, the upper gas flow outlet and the lower gas flow outlet of the dry distillation device 3 for supplying heat are communicated through a pipeline and then enter the flue gas dust removal device 13 together.
Preferably, the combustion device 4 generates 800-900 by means of bubbling fluidized bedoC ofThe high-temperature flue gas and the drying device 2 adopt a fluidized bed mode, coal and the flue gas flow in a reverse direction to reduce the moisture in the raw coal to be below 3 percent, the dry distillation device 3 adopts a moving bed mode, and the hot flue gas and the dried coal exchange heat in an indirect mode. The carbonization cooling device 9 adopts an indirect heat exchange mode to obtain a tar product.
Optionally, the dry dust removal device 5 and the flue gas dust removal device 13 adopt bag-type dust collectors or cyclone separators.
The invention also provides a stokehole coal upgrading method for the pulverized coal furnace, which is carried out according to the stokehole coal upgrading system and comprises the following steps:
the low-rank raw coal enters a crushing device 1, the raw coal with the water content of 10-40% is crushed to be below 10mm, the crushed raw coal is discharged from the crushing device and then is divided into two strands, one strand is sent to a combustion device 4, and 800-900 coal is producedoThe other high-temperature flue gas of C enters the drying device 2 and enters from the bottom of the drying device and comes from 180-250 parts of the flue gas dust removal device 13oC, directly and reversely contacting hot flue gas, and dehydrating the raw material coal by controlling the temperature and the flow of the hot flue gas to reduce the water content of the raw material coal to be below 3%;
preferably, the mass flow rate ratio of the raw coal discharged by the crushing device 1 to the combustion device 4 and the drying device 2 is 1: 10-1: 30;
the dust-containing gas phase product generated by the drying device 2 enters a drying and dust removing device 5, the dust-containing gas phase product is subjected to removal of the dust particles contained in the dust particles, then enters a drying and cooling device 6, the water vapor contained in the dust particles is further removed, and then the dust particles are sent to a descending section of a 12U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal furnace to generate strong reducing atmosphere and inhibit the generation of NOx in the furnace;
the dried coal enters a dry distillation device 3 and is generated by a combustion device 4 to be 800-900oC high-temperature flue gas and 450-650 of flue gas from filter material heating device 8oC, performing partial dry distillation on the dried coal by using hot flue gas in an indirect contact heat exchange mode, and extracting residual moisture, 30-50% of volatile components, 35-65% of sulfur and 15-35% of nitrogen in the dried coal;
the mixture which is generated by the dry distillation device 3 and contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, hydrocarbon gas (C2-C4), carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia cyanide, water vapor, tar steam and coke powder enters a dry distillation dust removal device 7, a solid particle filter material is used for removing the coke powder in the mixture under an isothermal condition, the dry distillation dust removal device 7 uses the preheating of the solid particle filter material and is completed in a filter material heating device 8, and the mixture is preheated to the required temperature by using part of high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion device 4; the mixture after dust removal enters a dry distillation cooling system 9 to remove water vapor and tar steam, then enters a coal gas purification device 10, after sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing substances are removed, the mixture is sent to an ascending section of a 12U-shaped hearth of a pulverized coal furnace for exhaust gas reburning, and the generation of NOx is further reduced;
preferably, 800-900 is produced by said combustion device 4oC, dividing the high-temperature flue gas into two streams, and respectively feeding the two streams into the dry distillation device 3 and the filter material heating device 8 at a volume flow rate ratio of 8: 1-3: 1;
preferably, in the gas purification device 10, sulfur-containing substances in the dry distillation gas are removed by a claus method, and nitrogen-containing substances are removed by an alkali absorption method;
the upgraded coal after dry distillation enters a coal mill 11 to prepare raw materials required by a pulverized coal boiler 12.
In one embodiment of the invention, the Nemengbo Hichler lignite with 30.10% water content enters the crushing device 1 to be crushed to below 10mm, and then enters the drying device 2 to be 200 mm from the flue gas dust removal device 13oC, directly and reversely contacting the hot flue gas, reducing the water content to 2.50% after drying, feeding the dried coal into a dry distillation device 3, and utilizing 850 generated by a combustion device 4oC high-temperature flue gas and 500 from filter material heating device 8oC, the hot flue gas adopts an indirect contact heat exchange mode at 550oAnd C, performing dry distillation, and then feeding into a coal mill 11 for milling.
The results of comparing raw coal with upgraded coal treated according to the present invention are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the table 1, the upgraded coal with the calorific value of 24.48 MJ/kg (5830 kcal/kg) can be obtained by the method provided by the invention from the Nemengbaohihuhler lignite with the water content of 30.10% and the calorific value of 15.42 MJ/kg (3670 kcal/kg); meanwhile, compared with the raw coal, the volatile components in the upgraded coal are reduced by about 50%, and the safety of the fine powder preparation process by the coal mill is ensured; in the upgrading process, due to the release of moisture and partial volatile matters, the yield of upgraded coal is 72%, the sulfur in the upgraded coal is reduced by 50% compared with the raw coal, and the nitrogen is reduced by 17%, so that the removal load of pollutants of the pulverized coal boiler is greatly reduced.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the invention is not to be considered as limited to the specific embodiments thereof, but is to be understood as being modified in all respects, all changes and equivalents that come within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A pulverized coal furnace stokehole coal upgrading system is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a crushing device, a drying device, a dry distillation device, a dry dust removal device, a dry cooling device, a dry distillation dust removal device, a filter material heating device, a dry distillation cooling device, a coal gas purification device, a combustion device, a coal mill, a pulverized coal boiler and a flue gas dust removal device;
the crushing device is used for crushing the low-quality lignite and the sub-bituminous coal to be less than 10 mm;
the solid material inlet of the drying device is connected with the outlet of the crushing device, and the solid material outlet is connected with the solid material inlet of the dry distillation device and used for reducing the water content in the raw material coal to be below 3%;
the solid material outlet of the dry distillation device is connected with the coal mill inlet of the pulverized coal furnace, the airflow inlet of the dry distillation device for supplying heat is provided with an upper airflow inlet and a lower airflow inlet, the airflow inlet at the lower part of the dry distillation device is connected with the hot flue gas outlet of the combustion device, and the airflow inlet at the upper part of the dry distillation device is connected with the airflow outlet of the filter material heating device and is used for extracting residual moisture, 30-50% of volatile components, 35-65% of sulfur and 15-35% of nitrogen in the dried coal;
the solid material inlet of the combustion device is connected with the outlet of the crushing device, the airflow outlet of the combustion device is divided into two strands, one strand is connected with the airflow inlet at the lower part of the dry distillation device, and the other strand is connected with the airflow inlet of the filter material heating device and used for generating 800-900 air flowsoC, high-temperature flue gas;
the gas flow inlet of the flue gas dust removal device is connected with the gas flow outlet of the dry distillation device, which is used for supplying heat, and the gas flow outlet of the flue gas dust removal device is connected with the gas flow inlet of the drying device and is used for removing dust particles contained in the flue gas;
the gas flow inlet of the drying and dust removing device is connected with the gas flow outlet of the drying device, and the gas flow outlet of the drying and dust removing device is connected with the inlet of the drying and cooling device and used for removing coal dust in the outlet gas of the drying device;
the gas flow outlet of the drying and cooling device is connected with the gas inlet of the descending section of the U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal boiler and is used for removing water vapor in a dried gas-phase product;
the dry distillation dust removal device is characterized in that an airflow inlet of the dry distillation dust removal device is connected with a product gas outlet of the dry distillation device, an airflow outlet of the dry distillation dust removal device is connected with an airflow inlet of the dry distillation cooling device, and a solid material inlet of the dry distillation dust removal device is connected with a solid material outlet of the filter material heating device and used for removing coke dust particles in dry distillation product gas;
the filter material heating device is connected with an airflow inlet of the combustion device, and an airflow outlet of the filter material heating device is connected with an upper airflow outlet of the dry distillation device for supplying heat, and is used for heating the solid filter material to the temperature equivalent to that of the dry distillation device;
the gas flow outlet of the dry distillation cooling device is connected with the gas flow inlet of the gas purification device and is used for separating tar components in the dry distillation product gas;
and an air flow outlet of the coal gas purification device is connected with a waste gas inlet of an ascending section of the U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal boiler and is used for removing sulfur and nitrogen pollutants contained in the dry distillation gas.
2. The system for upgrading stokehole coal of a pulverized coal furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper airflow outlet and the lower airflow outlet of the dry distillation device for supplying heat are communicated through a pipeline and then connected with the flue gas dust removal device together.
3. The system for upgrading coal in front of a pulverized coal furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combustion device adopts a bubbling fluidized bed mode to generate high-temperature flue gas at 800-900 ℃, the drying device adopts a fluidized bed, and coal and flue gas flow in the reverse direction to reduce the moisture in raw coal to below 3%.
4. The system for upgrading stokehole coal of the pulverized coal furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dry distillation device is in a moving bed type, and hot flue gas and dry coal exchange heat in an indirect manner; the carbonization cooling device adopts an indirect heat exchange mode to obtain a tar product.
5. The system for upgrading stokehole coal of a coal powder furnace of claim 1, wherein the drying dust removal device and the flue gas dust removal device adopt bag-type dust collectors or cyclone separators.
6. A method for upgrading the stokehole coal of a pulverized coal furnace adopts the stokehole coal upgrading system of the pulverized coal furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized in that the crushed low-rank raw coal enters a drying device and a dry distillation device in sequence, the high-temperature flue gas generated by a combustion device is used as a heat source to carry out upgrading treatment on the crushed low-rank raw coal, and the upgraded coal is sent to a coal mill to prepare raw materials required by the pulverized coal furnace; the dry gas-phase product is sent into a descending section of a U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal furnace after dust removal and dehydration treatment to generate strong reducing atmosphere and inhibit NO in the furnacexGenerating; the dry distillation gas phase product is purified and then sent to the ascending section of the U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal furnace for exhaust gas reburning to further reduce NOxAnd (4) generating.
7. The method for upgrading stokehole coal of a pulverized coal furnace as claimed in claim 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) the low-rank raw coal enters a crushing device, raw coal with the water content of 10-40% is crushed to be below 10mm, then the raw coal is divided into two strands, one strand is sent to a combustion device to generate high-temperature flue gas at 800-900 ℃, the other strand enters a drying device and enters from the bottom of the drying device, hot flue gas at 180-250 ℃ from a flue gas dust removal device is directly and reversely contacted, the water in the raw coal is removed, and the water content of the raw coal is reduced to be below 3%;
(2) the dust-containing gas phase product generated by the drying device enters a drying and dust removing device, the dust-containing gas phase product is subjected to coal dust particle removal, then enters a drying and cooling device, the water vapor is further removed, and then the dust-containing gas phase product is sent to a descending section of a U-shaped hearth of the pulverized coal furnace;
(3) the dried coal enters a dry distillation device, and residual moisture, 30-50% of volatile components, 35-65% of sulfur and 15-35% of nitrogen in the dried coal are extracted by utilizing high-temperature flue gas at 800-900 ℃ generated by a combustion device and hot flue gas at 450-650 ℃ from a filter material heating device in an indirect contact heat exchange mode;
(4) the mixture which is generated by the dry distillation device and contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, C2-C4 hydrocarbon gas, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia cyanide, water vapor, tar steam and coke powder enters a dry distillation dust removal device, a solid particle filter material is used for removing the coke powder in the mixture under the isothermal condition, the dry distillation dust removal device is preheated by the solid particle filter material, the preheating is completed in a filter material heating device, and the mixture is preheated to the required temperature by using part of high-temperature flue gas generated by a combustion device; the mixture after dust removal enters a dry distillation cooling device to remove water vapor and tar steam, then enters a coal gas purification device, sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing substances are removed, and then the mixture is sent to an ascending section of a U-shaped hearth of a pulverized coal furnace;
(5) the upgraded coal after dry distillation enters a coal mill of a pulverized coal boiler.
8. The method for improving the quality of the stokehole coal of the pulverized coal furnace as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mass flow rate ratio of the raw coal discharged from the crushing device to the combustion device and the drying device is 1:10 to 1: 30.
9. The method for improving the quality of the stokehole coal of the pulverized coal furnace as claimed in claim 7, wherein the high-temperature flue gas at 800-900 ℃ generated by the combustion device is divided into two streams, and the volume flow rate ratio of the two streams entering the dry distillation device and the filter material heating device is 8: 1-3: 1.
10. The method for upgrading stokehole coal of the coal powder furnace as claimed in claim 7, wherein the filter material heating device uses a solid particle filter material, and the solid particle filter material comprises one of semi-coke generated by high-temperature coking, quartz sand or alumina pellets.
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