CN103242872A - Carbon material pyrolysis device - Google Patents
Carbon material pyrolysis device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103242872A CN103242872A CN2012100279608A CN201210027960A CN103242872A CN 103242872 A CN103242872 A CN 103242872A CN 2012100279608 A CN2012100279608 A CN 2012100279608A CN 201210027960 A CN201210027960 A CN 201210027960A CN 103242872 A CN103242872 A CN 103242872A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon material pyrolysis device which can be used to greatly raise the yield of liquid pyrolysis products. The device provided by the invention comprises a pyrolyzing furnace which is used for pyrolyzing a carbon material therein and is a moving bed, fixed bed or vibration bed pyrolyzing furnace, at least a gas collecting tube and at least an air blowpipe which are positioned inside the pyrolyzing furnace, wherein walls of the gas collecting tube and the air blowpipe are respectively provided with at least one gas channel which passes through the wall and is used for communicating the gas collecting tube and the air blowpipe. A gas pyrolysis product generated in the pyrolyzing furnace passes through the gas collecting tube and is rapidly discharged out of the pyrolyzing furnace; a sweeping gas from the outside of the pyrolyzing furnace passes through the air blowpipe and is conveyed into the pyrolyzing furnace; and the gas pyrolysis product in the pyrolyzing furnace is swept into the gas collecting tube.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of carbonaceous material pyrolysis or destructive distillation device, relate in particular to a kind of carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation that improves the tar yield.
Background technology
The middle low temperature pyrogenation of carbonaceous material and retorting technique are as meeting the important research direction that carbonaceous material that clean energy requires transformed and utilized technology to become rationally to utilize coal and other carbonaceous material resource.
Generally, pyrolysis or destructive distillation by carbonaceous material can obtain the solid that quantity is in the great majority, as Jiao, semicoke etc.; Liquid is as tar, aqueous solution etc.; And gas, as carbonic acid gas, carbon monoxide, methane etc.In above-mentioned various products, the liquid product of tar class has higher value because of its source that can be used as multiple important chemical, yet its productive rate with respect to the solid product of burnt and semicoke and so on is lower.In fact, the productive rate of the valuable liquid product that is obtained by carbonaceous material pyrolysis or destructive distillation is subjected to influence of various factors, it had both depended on kind and the characteristic of carbonaceous material, the concrete operations condition that also depends on pyrolysis or destructive distillation, the temperature that particularly depends on pyrolysis or destructive distillation, and gaseous state pyrolysis or the residence time of destructive distillation product under pyrolysis or destructive distillation condition.Rest on for a long time and can make gaseous state tar contained in the gaseous state pyrolysis product or the living second pyrolysis of fry dried food ingredients under pyrolysis or the destructive distillation condition, thereby the yield of condensed liquid product is reduced greatly.
Therefore, usually in order to keep or improve the yield of pyrolysis or destructive distillation liquid product, make as far as possible the gaseous state pyrolysis product after it forms immediately or speed away pyrolysis or destructive distillation environment, and the rapid Quench of quilt is to freeze to comprise the gaseous state pyrolysis product of gaseous state tar or oil, to keep being condensed into by gaseous state subsequently the yield of liquid pyrolysis product.
Yet, because the defective of pyrolysis or distillation apparatus or apparatus structure and carbonaceous material itself to the inhibition that the gaseous state pyrolysis product flows, are difficult to accomplish that the gaseous product of pyrolysis or destructive distillation just is moved out of pyrolysis or destructive distillation environment immediately after it forms.
For addressing the above problem, CN102212378 discloses " a kind of enhancement method of carbonaceous material pyrolysis and pyrolysis installation ", it comes enhancing mass and heat transfer, increases pyrolysis gas product passage by the inner member that is provided with groove structure in pyrolysis reactor, and then strengthens the carbonaceous material pyrolysis.The inner member of described with groove structure is made of metal, when adopting the indirect heating mode, inner member is by improving heat transfer efficiency with contacting of hot face, and the pyrolysis gas that pyrolysis simultaneously produces is derived and is pooled to the top, pyrolysis chamber along the groove of inner member and the gap between carbonaceous material and discharged by the gas-phase product relief outlet.Yet, it is unsatisfactory that the inner member effect is set in pyrolysis reactor, for example, when being raw material with the coal dust, space between the groove of coal dust and inner member is not always unobstructed, sometimes coal dust can stop up described space fully, and this causes the effusion resistance of pyrolysis gas not obtain substantial reducing sometimes.On the other hand, for reaching the good heat transfer effect, inner member must directly contact with coal dust, and the pyrolysis product of powdery carbonaceous material and carbonaceous material can adhere to and be deposited on inevitably on the groove and outside surface of inner member, thereby inner member must be taken out from pyrolysis reactor in use for some time and carry out necessary cleaning and maintenance.That is to say that above-mentioned pyrolysis reactor also is not suitable for continuous operation, and the residence time of pyrolysis gas in reactor is still long partially, this will cause gaseous state tar to be easy to take place the secondary decomposition, and the tar yield is reduced.
The disclosure of above-mentioned documents is introduced with for referencial use in full at this.
Based on above description to prior art and analysis, be necessary existing carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation is improved, when improving equipment thermal efficiency, improve the yield of liquid pyrolysis product.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of novel pyrolytic or destructive distillation device that overcomes above-mentioned prior art deficiency and increase substantially liquid pyrolysis product-tar yield.
According to the present invention, a kind of carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation is provided, comprising: pyrolysis oven, carbonaceous material carry out pyrolysis therein, and described pyrolysis oven is moving-bed, fixed bed or vibrating bed pyrolysis oven; At least one effuser and at least one gas blow pipe, be arranged in described pyrolysis oven, there is at least one to run through the gas passage of described wall on the wall of wherein said effuser and gas blow pipe, be used for described effuser and gas blow pipe are communicated with described pyrolysis oven gas phase, the gaseous state pyrolysis product that generates in described pyrolysis oven is discharged rapidly outside the pyrolysis oven through described effuser, the sweeping gas that derives from described pyrolysis oven outside is admitted in the pyrolysis oven through described gas blow pipe, and the gaseous state pyrolysis product in the pyrolysis oven is purged in the described effuser.
Preferably, a plurality of described effusers and gas blow pipe are arranged in described pyrolysis oven, effuser becomes all to be symmetrically distributed for even how much in pyrolysis oven with gas blow pipe, more preferably, and 20 centimetres-50 centimetres at interval of effuser and gas blow pipes.
Preferably, described sweeping gas is selected from rare gas element, flue gas, condensed gaseous state pyrolysis product or their mixture.
Preferably, described effuser and/or gas blow pipe comprise that at least one is positioned at described gas passage top and is installed in blocking material plate on the described wall outside surface, be used for stoping solid carbonaceous material to enter described effuser and/or gas blow pipe inside, the vertical plane of wherein said blocking material plate covers described gas passage.Described blocking material plate is adjustable with the angle that the outside surface of described wall forms vertically.
Preferably, the cross section of described effuser and gas blow pipe is circular, oval, square, rectangle, Polygons and/or any regular shape; Described gas passage is the opening that runs through of hole, groove and/or any regular shape.
Preferably, described carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation also comprises pipeline connected sum valve control system, by the pipeline connected sum valve control system of described effuser and gas blow pipe, can make described effuser and gas blow pipe exchange.
Gas flow direction in the described effuser can be opposite or identical with gas flow direction in the described gas blow pipe; Hypomere or the upper end of described effuser and gas blow pipe are sealed.
Preferably, in described carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation, described effuser and/or gas blow pipe link to each other with pump, in order to form negative pressure in effuser, form malleation in gas blow pipe; The heat transfer type of described pyrolysis oven is: utilize gas or the described carbonaceous material of solid thermal carriers direct heating, or pass through the wall of heating pyrolysis oven and/or arrange the described carbonaceous material of flue indirect heating in pyrolysis oven.Described sweeping gas is the gaseous state pyrolysis product after condensation separation goes out liquid pyrolysis product, particularly, described gaseous state pyrolysis product is partly or entirely from described effuser, especially particularly, described gaseous state pyrolysis product is as being preheated before sweeping gas is in entering pyrolysis oven or carrying out heat exchange with the solid state heat hydrolysis products.Described sweeping gas also provides the gaseous heat-carrier of heat for described carbonaceous material pyrolysis.
In this manual, carbonaceous material is a wide in range concept, and it can comprise: coal, coal directly-liquefied residue, heavy oil residue, Jiao, refinery coke, oil-sand, shale oil, carbonaceous industrial waste or tailing, biomass, synthetic plastics, synthetic polymer, damaged tire, municipal solid refuse, pitch and/or their mixture.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of an embodiment of pyrolysis installation of the present invention;
The schematic cross sectional views that Fig. 2 cuts open along the A-A line for pyrolysis installation shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of the pipeline connected sum valve control system of the effuser of pyrolysis installation shown in Figure 1 and gas blow pipe; With
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram that comprises an embodiment of pyrolysis system of pyrolysis installation shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment
Be further explained in detail the present invention by the description below with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein parts or the feature corresponding or that be equal to shown in the accompanying drawing represented with identical reference numerals, the following description only is used for making the general technical staff of the technical field of the invention be expressly understood principle of the present invention and marrow more simultaneously, do not mean that the present invention is carried out any type of restriction.
As shown in Figure 1, pyrolysis of the present invention or destructive distillation device can comprise vertical tubular pyrolysis oven, for example moving-bed, fixed bed or vibrating bed pyrolysis oven.Preferably, treat that the material of pyrolysis enters in the pyrolysis oven from the upper end, in pyrolysis oven, finish pyrolysis after, solid product is discharged from the bottom, gaseous product is discharged from the upper end.Usually, the solid product that the carbonaceous material pyrolysis produces is mainly Jiao and/or semicoke, and gaseous product is mainly gaseous state tar and pyrolysis gas.Pyrolysis gas mainly comprises inflammable gas, as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and non-flammable gas, as carbonic acid gas.Therefore, the gaseous product of discharging from pyrolysis oven also needs to carry out gas-liquid separation and purifying treatment, the dust of being swept along to remove in the gas as far as possible, and by condensation separation tar liquid and pyrolysis gas.
In the embodiment depicted in fig. 1, pyrolysis of the present invention or destructive distillation device 1 comprise: be roughly the pyrolysis oven 10 of tubular, carbonaceous material carries out pyrolysis therein; Pyrolysis oven opening for feed 12 is used for treating that the RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON material introduces described pyrolysis oven 10; Solid matter outlet 14 is used for discharging solid matter from described pyrolysis oven 10; Air outlet 15 and inlet mouth 16 all are communicated with described pyrolysis oven 10 gas phases; And effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18, they are arranged in described pyrolysis oven 10, and are connected with inlet mouth 16 with described air outlet 15 respectively.At least one gas passage that runs through described wall 19 is arranged on the wall of wherein said effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18, be used for described effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 are communicated with described pyrolysis oven 10 gas phases, the gaseous state pyrolysis product that generates in described pyrolysis oven 10 is discharged rapidly outside the pyrolysis oven 10 through described effuser 17, the sweeping gas that derives from described pyrolysis oven 10 outsides is admitted in the pyrolysis oven 10 through described gas blow pipe 18, and the gaseous state pyrolysis product in the pyrolysis oven 10 is purged in the described effuser 17.
Preferably, above-mentioned effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 evenly arrange a plurality of gas passages 19 that run through described tube wall vertically and/or radially, more preferably, the blocking material plate 192 outside and that extend downwards of the outside surface from described wall there being one to be installed on the described wall outside surface above each gas passage 19 is used for the solid carbonaceous material of prevention and enters the inside of effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 or prevent from stopping up corresponding gas passage 19.For this reason, blocking material plate 192 outward extending length should be enough to make its vertical plane blanketing gas passage 19.Preferably, blocking material plate 192 vertically can be regulated according to operational requirement with the angle that the outside surface of described wall forms.
For further improving the yield of liquid pyrolysis product, the effuser 17 that is used for discharging rapidly pyrolysis gas and the gas blow pipe 18 of sending into sweeping gas can be through the air outlet 15 link to each other with the pump (not shown) respectively with inlet mouth 16, in order to form negative pressure in effuser 17, form malleation in gas blow pipe 18, the benefit of doing like this is that the gaseous state pyrolysis product can be purged in the effuser 17 under the effect of pressure quickly.In addition, the angle that the perpendicular cross-sectional shape of blocking material plate 192 can intersect to form for the end points by two straight lines, such structure can not change carbonaceous material at the flow direction of pyrolysis zone or dry distillation area, can further stop solid carbonaceous material to enter in the effuser 17 again simultaneously.The folding degree of blocking material plate 192 or folding angle require and can regulate according to actually operating, and it can be controlled according to quantity or the growing amount of gaseous state pyrolysis product.
Fig. 2 is the schematic cross sectional views that pyrolysis shown in Figure 1 or destructive distillation device are cut open along the A-A line.Preferably, the internal diameter of effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 is 0.1～0.5m, and the distance between Neighbor Set tracheae 17 or gas blow pipe 18 pipes is 0.5～1.0m.Especially, for guarantee that the pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis oven 10 is discharged rapid, unobstructedly, effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 should rationally be arranged symmetrically, so that send into the gas blow pipe 18 of sweeping gas and be used for the effuser 17 intervals 20～50cm of discharge gaseous state pyrolysis product rapidly.This shows, the quantity of effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 depends on the size of pyrolysis oven 10, be that 4 meters pyrolysis oven is example with internal diameter, 30～40 pneumatic tubes can be installed, i.e. 15～20 effusers 17 and 15～20 gas blow pipes 18 are so that the pyrolysis oven 10 that speeds away in gaseous state pyrolysis product 5～10 seconds after it forms.Obviously, effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 and nonessential paired setting or staggered, the quantity of gas blow pipe 18 also can be less than the quantity of effuser 17, can leave pyrolysis environment as long as guarantee the gaseous state pyrolysis product after it forms rapid and unobstructedly.
Certainly, effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 also can be respectively as independent pipe fittings, before pyrolysis begins, described independent pipe fitting is placed pyrolysis oven 10 in order, and air outlet 15 and the inlet mouth 16 by correspondence hermetic is connected on the gaseous state pyrolysis product collection pipeline (not shown) and sweeping gas transfer line (not shown) that is located at outside the pyrolysis oven 10 again.
In technical solution of the present invention, pyrolysis or destructive distillation device 1 are preferably fixed bed, moving-bed, vibrating bed type pyrolysis reactor or pyrolysis oven.Pyrolysis or destructive distillation device 1 are preferably the internal heat type pyrolysis reactor that uses solid thermal carriers and/or gaseous heat-carrier, and the present invention simultaneously also is applicable to by the wall of heating pyrolysis reactor and/or flue is set so that the external-heat pyrolysis reactor of pyrolysis energy to be provided in pyrolysis reactor.Median size is that the solid carbonaceous material granule pan feeding of 5～150mm is entered in the pyrolysis oven 10 by opening for feed 12.The sweeping gas inlet mouth 16 that stimulates the menstrual flow is introduced in the gas blow pipe 18, and the flow velocity of sweeping gas typically is about 3～7 tons/hour, and the pressure of pyrolysis oven 10 can be pressure-fired-little negative pressure.Pyrolysis takes place and emits the gaseous state pyrolysis product in the particles of carbonaceous material that enters in the pyrolysis oven 10 when 350～750 ℃ of left and right sides, meanwhile, sweeping gas flows from top to bottom, gas passage 19 by gas blow pipe 18 enters in the pyrolysis oven 10, and the gaseous state pyrolysis product of purging formation in pyrolysis oven 10, make it to enter rapidly in the effuser 17, discharged fast outside the pyrolysis oven 10 subsequently, if make effuser 17 be in negative pressure by pump, and making gas blow pipe 18 be in malleation, the velocity of discharge of gaseous state pyrolysis product also can be faster.As known to persons of ordinary skill in the art, because the top of gas passage 19 is provided with blocking material plate 192, its effusion to sweeping gas has formed little stopping, makes sweeping gas to purge more equably and is dispersed in gas blow pipe 18 gaseous state pyrolysis product all around.
On the other hand, the gas passage 19 of gaseous state pyrolysis product from effuser 17 walls enters the effuser 17, upwards flows into subsequently in the collection pipeline (not shown) outside the pyrolysis oven 10, for subsequent disposal.As mentioned above, because at least one effuser 17 arranged in the certain distance of each gas blow pipe 18, so the gaseous state pyrolysis product can enter fast in the effuser 17 through gas passage 19 under the ordering about of sweeping gas and discharged rapidly outside the pyrolysis oven, its residence time in pyrolysis oven 10 is very short like this, the probability of secondarily cracking tar significantly reduces, and the actual recovery of tar also is improved.Say that further the introducing sweeping gas not only can help to drive established gaseous state pyrolysis product and enter in the effuser 17, can also play the effect that is attached to the gaseous state tar in carbonaceous material or the semicoke hole of displacing.
In order to prevent that gas passage 19 is by solid carbonaceous material or semicoke fine powder or fine particle obstruction, as shown in Figure 3, in technical solution of the present invention, pyrolysis or destructive distillation device 1 can preferably include pipeline connected sum valve control system 20, be communicated with valve a-d by the pipeline of controlling described effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18, make described effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 exchange, be that described effuser 17 is sent into sweeping gas, gas blow pipe 18 is collected the gaseous state pyrolysis product, the solid fines end or the fine particle that enter like this or be attached in the effuser 17 are blown in the effuser 17, have prevented the obstruction of the gas passage 19 of effuser 17.As shown in Figure 3, effuser 17 and corresponding pipeline are provided with valve a and valve b, and gas blow pipe 18 and corresponding pipeline are provided with valve c and valve d.Valve a-d is three-way control valve, and by regulated valve switch direction, valve a can select to be communicated with valve b or valve c; Valve b can select to be communicated with valve a or valve d; Valve c can select to be communicated with valve a or valve d; Valve d can select to be communicated with valve b or valve c.When situation 1, effuser 17 is used for collecting the gaseous state pyrolysis product, the regulated valve switch makes valve a be communicated with valve c, valve c then is communicated to the gaseous state pyrolysis product and collects on the pipeline, correspondingly, gas blow pipe 18 is used for sending into sweeping gas, and valve b is communicated on the sweeping gas source of the gas, valve d is communicated with valve b, to send into sweeping gas to pyrolysis oven 10.When situation 2, effuser 17 is used for sending into sweeping gas, gas blow pipe 18 is used for collecting the gaseous state pyrolysis product, by the regulated valve switch, valve a is communicated with valve b, nationality is connected on the sweeping gas source of the gas by valve b again, and valve d is communicated with valve c, is connected to the gaseous state pyrolysis product by valve c again and collects on the pipeline.By such setting, can realize effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 exchange functions, and make effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 have self-cleaning function.Because the gaseous state pyrolysis product is when entering in effuser 17 or the gas blow pipe 18 by gas passage 19, can wrap low amounts of dust or even very tiny particles of carbonaceous material inevitably, though can stop most solid granulates to enter in effuser 17 and the gas blow pipe 18 by blocking material plate 192 by nationality, but after using for some time continuously, gas passage 19 still might occur stopping up or gas enters not smooth phenomenon.For avoiding stopping production to clean or safeguard quantity-produced is influenced, can change the flow direction of gas in effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 by conversion valve a-d, when sweeping gas can purge the drift that stops up gas passage 192 during from gas passage 192 ejection, and then the effect that reaches mediation and clean effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18.Preferably, the function switching cycle of effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 be every 15-60 minute the conversion once.
As known to persons of ordinary skill in the art, pipeline connected sum valve control system 20 shown in Figure 3 is only for realizing an exemplary embodiment of effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 exchange functions, under the enlightenment of foregoing description of the present invention, those of ordinary skills can make numerous variations or improvement when practical application pyrolysis of the present invention or destructive distillation device, for example, can use reversing valve to substitute the flow direction and gas source that above-mentioned T-valve switches gas.In addition, though effuser 17 shown in Figure 1 and gas blow pipe 18 parallel being erected in the pyrolysis oven 10, but its position and shape all can be adjusted and be changed according to actual needs, for example sweeping gas can enter in the pyrolysis oven 10 from bottom to up, correspondingly, the gaseous state pyrolysis product also can be discharged in pyrolysis oven 10 by from top to down.Effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 can be as shown in Figure 1 at pyrolysis oven 10 exchange sets to corresponding conveying or collect on the pipeline (not shown), be communicated on the common conduit after also can compiling in pyrolysis oven 10, namely the top of pyrolysis oven 10 can only arrange an air outlet 15 and an inlet mouth 16 again.Similarly, also can arrange and make all effusers 17 share one group of valve a, b, make all gas blow pipes 18 share one group of valve c, d, also can arrange and make each effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 that one group of corresponding valve be arranged respectively.
Above-mentioned gas pipeline connected sum valve control system, effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 can be widely used in as an integral unit in the pyrolysis or destructive distillation device or system of various indirect heat transfers and direct heat transfer, and it can make the actual recovery of the liquid pyrolysis product of described device and system obtain to increase substantially.The pyrolysis of the present invention or the destructive distillation device that comprise above-mentioned gas pipeline connected sum valve control system can be used to pyrolysis or the various solid carbonaceous materials of destructive distillation, coal for example, coal directly-liquefied residue, heavy oil residue, burnt, refinery coke, oil-sand, shale oil, carbonaceous material waste material or mine tailing, biomass, synthetic plastics, synthetic polymer, damaged tire, the municipal administration industrial waste, pitch, with their mixture, and preferably be used to pyrolysis water content height, volatile matter is high low order coal also, for example water content is greater than 15 weight % and the volatile matter low-rank coal greater than 25 weight %, and particularly preferably is used to pyrolysis or destructive distillation brown coal or long-flame coal.
Fig. 4 has provided the synoptic diagram of an embodiment of the pyrolysis that comprises destructive distillation of the present invention shown in Figure 1 or pyrolysis installation or distillation system.For ease of describing, below be elaborated as example with internal heat type pyrolysis or the destructive distillation device that uses the solid thermal carriers heat transfer.
Pyrolysis shown in Figure 4 or distillation system 100 exemplarily, comprising: hopper 2, thermal barrier storage silo 3, heat-carrier regeneration unit 4, solid product processing unit 5, gaseous product processing unit 6 and preheating unit 7 randomly.As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4, during the said system operation, median size is preferably 5～150mm, temperature is about 100～200 ℃ of particles of carbonaceous material and enters in the pyrolysis installation 1 from hopper 2, and median size is preferably the solid thermal carriers self-heating carrier storage storehouse 3 that 1～10mm, temperature be about 700～900 ℃ and enters in the pyrolysis installation 1.The solid thermal carriers flow velocity is about 1～10 times of particles of carbonaceous material.Randomly, thermal barrier is any heat-stable material that has or do not have catalysis, is preferably metal, metal oxide, the grains of sand, zeolite, pottery sand, quartz sand, zircon sand, silicate material particle and their mixture.Particles of carbonaceous material and solid thermal carriers can be chosen in outside the pyrolysis installation 1 and mix or mix after entering pyrolysis installation 1.If be chosen in the pyrolysis installation 1 and mix, pyrolysis installation 1 then shown in Figure 1 also need be set up a mixing tank (not shown), and described mixing tank is preferably any known mixing device that is applicable to pyrolysis of the present invention or destructive distillation device.Above-mentioned particles of carbonaceous material is under the heat effect of high-temp solid thermal barrier, pyrolysis takes place in pyrolysis installation 1, carbonaceous material and the solid thermal carriers total residence time in pyrolysis installation 1 is approximately 25 minutes, and the mass ratio of carbonaceous material and solid thermal carriers is about 1: 5.Under the brushing of sweeping gas, the gaseous state pyrolysis product (including gaseous state tar) that forms in pyrolysis installation 1 is delivered in the gaseous product processing unit 6 fast by effuser shown in Figure 1 17.The solid product that pyrolysis produces is discharged in the solid product processing unit 5 in order to carry out subsequent disposal with solid thermal carriers.
Preferably, solid product processing unit 5 has separation function, for example rotating screen, cyclone cluster etc., and in order to separate solid product and the solid thermal carriers that pyrolysis produces, more preferably, solid product processing unit 5 also has functions such as breath Jiao, heat recuperation.High heating value solid product-semicoke of handling through solid product processing unit 5 can be sent in the solid product storage unit 52 or be sent to ground such as power station and take full advantage of, and isolated solid thermal carriers enter in the solid thermal carriers regeneration unit 4 heat subsequently to reach the purpose of recycle solid thermal carriers again.Solid thermal carriers regeneration unit 4 is preferably a roasting kiln, the carbonaceous material and/or the semicoke powder heat solid thermal barrier that carry by the burning solid thermal barrier.Solid thermal carriers regeneration unit 4 is produced fresh or hotter high-temp solid thermal barrier be admitted in the solid thermal carriers storage silo 3 to be recycled.
Gaseous product processing unit 6 receives the gaseous state pyrolysis product of the pyrolysis generation of being collected by the air outlet 15 in the pyrolysis installation 1, and it is carried out handling procedures such as dedusting, condensation, pickling and solution-air separation, to obtain the liquid product-tar of pure pyrolysis gas and high value.Randomly, pure pyrolysis gas is admitted to storage in the gaseous product storage unit 62, and liquid products such as tar are admitted to storage in the liquid product storage unit 64.Pure pyrolysis gas mainly comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbonic acid gas and methane.In pyrolysis shown in Figure 4 or distillation system 100, all or part of pure pyrolysis gas that gaseous product processing unit 6 is handled gained is sent in the preheating unit 7.After preheating unit 7 is heated to 400～700 ℃ with pure pyrolysis gas, as sweeping gas by in the gas blow pipe 18 in the inlet mouth 16 input pyrolysis installations 1.Preheating unit 7 is preferably any known interchanger.
When above-mentioned pyrolysis or distillation system 100 operations, can periodically exchange by 20 pairs of effusers 17 of pipeline connected sum valve control system and gas blow pipe 18, thus the cleaning of maintenance effuser 17 and gas blow pipe 18 and unobstructed.Moreover pyrolysis or destructive distillation device 1 that above-mentioned pyrolysis or distillation system 100 use are not limited to only use solid thermal carriers, also can use any other known heat transfer type, for example gaseous heat-carrier, external-heat type of heating etc.The source of sweeping gas also is not limited to above-mentioned pure pyrolysis gas, also can select rare gas element, flue gas, synthetic gas, coke-oven gas, raw gas and their mixture for use.But above-mentioned undoubtedly pure pyrolysis gas is most preferred, carries out separating of pyrolysis gas and sweeping gas because need not again.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
With pyrolysis of the present invention shown in Figure 1 or destructive distillation device the typical Chinese brown coal that its technical analysis and ultimate analysis are illustrated in following table 1 and the table 2 are carried out pyrolysis.Wherein the benchmark of technical analysis and ultimate analysis all is air dried basises, and ultimate analysis is only analyzed at organism, does not comprise ash content and moisture.
Table 1
Table 2
Described pyrolysis or destructive distillation device processing parameter and operational condition are as follows: the employing scale is 1000 tons/day lab scale pyrolysis installation, and this pyrolysis installation is internal diameter 4m, and the moving bed pyrolysis reactor of high 20m is equipped with 19 effusers therein altogether, 18 gas blow pipes.The internal diameter of pipe is 0.1m, and tube spacing is 0.5m.The median size of brown coal particle is 15mm, is 3mm as the porcelain ball median size of thermal barrier; The weight ratio of brown coal particle and thermal barrier is 1: 5, and coal and the thermal barrier total residence time in above-mentioned pyrolysis installation is 25 minutes.The flow velocity of sweeping gas is 5 tons/hour.
Pyrolysis gained tar yield, char yeild and thermo-efficiency are illustrated respectively in the following table 3.
The comparative example 1
From above-mentioned pyrolysis installation, remove effuser and gas blow pipe, close for the inlet mouth of introducing sweeping gas, the gaseous state pyrolysis product that pyrolysis produces is drawn by the air outlet at pyrolysis installation top.
Repeat the process of embodiment 1 under above-mentioned processing parameter and operational condition, pyrolysis gained tar yield, char yeild and thermo-efficiency also are illustrated respectively in the following table 3.
Table 3
By the listed experimental data of comparison sheet 3, can find out obviously that the liquid pyrolysis product-tar yield of pyrolysis of the present invention or destructive distillation device and thermo-efficiency are apparently higher than tar yield and the thermo-efficiency of conventional pyrolysis or destructive distillation device.
The term that this specification sheets is used and form of presentation only are used as descriptive and nonrestrictive term and form of presentation, the feature that will represent and describe unintentionally when using these terms and form of presentation or any equivalent exclusion of its integral part.
Although represented and described several embodiments of the present invention, the present invention is not restricted to described embodiment.On the contrary; those skilled in the art should recognize under the situation that does not break away from principle of the present invention and spirit can carry out any accommodation and improvement to these embodiments, and protection scope of the present invention is determined by appended claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (18)
1. carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation comprises:
Pyrolysis oven, carbonaceous material carry out pyrolysis therein, and described pyrolysis oven is moving-bed, fixed bed or vibrating bed pyrolysis oven;
At least one effuser and at least one gas blow pipe are arranged in described pyrolysis oven,
There is at least one to run through the gas passage of described wall on the wall of wherein said effuser and gas blow pipe, be used for described effuser and gas blow pipe are communicated with described pyrolysis oven gas phase, the gaseous state pyrolysis product that generates in described pyrolysis oven is discharged rapidly outside the pyrolysis oven through described effuser, derive from the outer sweeping gas of described pyrolysis oven and be admitted in the pyrolysis oven through described gas blow pipe, and the gaseous state pyrolysis product in the pyrolysis oven is purged in the described effuser.
2. carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation as claimed in claim 1 wherein has a plurality of described effusers and gas blow pipe in described pyrolysis oven, and effuser becomes all to be symmetrically distributed for even how much in pyrolysis oven with gas blow pipe.
3. carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation as claimed in claim 2, wherein effuser and gas blow pipe are 20 centimetres-50 centimetres at interval.
4. carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said sweeping gas is selected from rare gas element, flue gas, condensed gaseous state pyrolysis product or their mixture.
5. carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said effuser and/or gas blow pipe comprise that at least one is positioned at described gas passage top and is installed in blocking material plate on the described wall outside surface, be used for stoping solid carbonaceous material to enter described effuser and/or gas blow pipe inside, the vertical plane of wherein said blocking material plate covers described gas passage.
6. carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation as claimed in claim 5, wherein said blocking material plate are adjustable with the angle that the outside surface of described wall forms vertically.
7. carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation as claimed in claim 1, the cross section of wherein said effuser and gas blow pipe are circular, oval, square, rectangle, Polygons and/or any regular shape.
8. carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gas passage is the opening that runs through of hole, groove and/or any regular shape.
9. as any one described carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation of claim 1-8, also comprise pipeline connected sum valve control system, by the pipeline connected sum valve control system of described effuser and gas blow pipe, make described effuser and gas blow pipe exchange.
10. as any one described carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation of claim 1-8, the gas flow direction in the wherein said effuser is opposite or identical with gas flow direction in the described gas blow pipe.
11. as any one described carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation of claim 1-8, lower end or the upper end of wherein said effuser and gas blow pipe are sealed.
12. as any one described carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation of claim 1-8, wherein said effuser and/or gas blow pipe link to each other with pump, in order to form negative pressure in effuser, form malleation in gas blow pipe.
13. as any one described carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation of claim 1-8, the heat transfer type of wherein said pyrolysis oven is: with gas or the described carbonaceous material of solid thermal carriers direct heating, or pass through the wall of heating pyrolysis oven and/or arrange the described carbonaceous material of flue indirect heating in pyrolysis oven.
14. as any one described carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation of claim 1-8, wherein said sweeping gas is the gaseous state pyrolysis product after condensation separation goes out liquid pyrolysis product.
15. carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation as claimed in claim 14, wherein said gaseous state pyrolysis product is partly or entirely from described effuser.
16. carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation as claimed in claim 14, wherein said gaseous state pyrolysis product is as being preheated before sweeping gas is in entering pyrolysis oven or carrying out heat exchange with the solid state heat hydrolysis products.
17. as any one described carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation of claim 1-8, wherein said sweeping gas is the gaseous heat-carrier that heat is provided for described carbonaceous material pyrolysis.
18. as one of any described solid carbonaceous material pyrolysis installation of claim 1-8 and 15-16, wherein said carbonaceous material is selected from coal, coal directly-liquefied residue, heavy oil residue, Jiao, refinery coke, oil-sand, shale oil, carbonaceous industrial waste or tailing, biomass, synthetic plastics, synthetic polymer, damaged tire, municipal solid refuse, pitch and/or their mixture.
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| CN104610989A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-05-13 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Coal pyrolysis device |
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| CN102260559A (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2011-11-30 | 李柏荣 | High-quality coal product production plant and production system |
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| CN104610989A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-05-13 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Coal pyrolysis device |
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| CN105018116A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-11-04 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Pyrolysis method for low-rank coal or oil shale with higher tar yield |
| CN107083249A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-22 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of fine coal prepares air flow bed pyrolysis oven, the system and method vented one's spleen rich in methane thermal |
| CN107541228A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-01-05 | 东北电力大学 | A kind of powdered dry distillation apparatus for oil shale of gas-solid body dual heating type |
| CN107699264A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-02-16 | 东北电力大学 | A kind of powder shale gas solid HYBRID RETORTING technique |
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| CN113210350A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-06 | 山东创新炭材料有限公司 | Automatic cleaning system and method for pot-type calciner volatile component main channel |
| CN113210350B (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-08-09 | 山东创新炭材料有限公司 | Automatic cleaning system and method for pot-type calciner volatile component main channel |
| US12031097B2 (en) | 2022-10-12 | 2024-07-09 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Antifouling agents for plastic-derived synthetic feedstocks |
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