Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus
Technical field
This utility model belongs to fine coal processing technique field, is specifically related to a kind of fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus.
Background technology
The energy resource structure feature of China is rich coal, gas oil-poor, few.As coal production maximum in the world and country of consumption,
Within one considerably long period, the status that coal resources dominate the energy as China is unshakable.According to statistics, China is
Verifying coal reserves is 114,500,000,000 tons, and wherein middle low-order coal (brown coal, lower-grade metamorphic bituminous) accounts for again whole nation reserves
About 55.15%.Owing to low-order coal has moisture height, easy-weathering spontaneous combustion, is difficult to sorting, should not transport for long-distance and storage etc.
Feature so that its comprehensive utilization is very limited.Wherein directly combustion power generation is one of its modal Land use systems.According to not
Adding up completely, there are the brown coal of more than 90% in China for station boiler and various Industrial Boiler.Low-order coal is as thermal coal fuel
Directly burning, not only wastes the hydrocarbon rich resource contained in coal, and efficiency is low.Fired with semicoke by low-temperature pyrolysis of coal
Burn, gasification decouples, it is achieved low-order coal classification high-efficiency cleaning trans-utilization, is the Main way of present large-scale Coal Chemical Industry.
It is widely used along with modernization coal mining is polytechnic so that the ratio of lump coal declines (by 40% current decline 10
~20%), fine coal productivity raises (being risen to 80~90% by current 60%).There is easy airborne dust, inflammable, explosive in fine coal, combines
Conjunction utilizes the problems such as difficulty is big, pyrolysis of coal technology to be considered as the maximally efficient approach of coal high-efficiency clean utilization.
Prior art one
Of the prior art Toscoal hot solid carrier devolatilization technique is briefly described below.
Fig. 4 is the process chart of prior art one.As shown in Figure 4, the technological process of this technique is: raw material is through being crushed to
Below 12.7mm, enters coal and is dried and preheater 2, is being dried and in preheater, coal and heat smoke contact mass transfer heat exchange.Drying and preheating
After fine coal, carried to cyclone separator 3 by heat smoke.In cyclone separator 3, coal separates with useless flue gas, after drying and preheating
Coal enter pyrolysis reactor 6, and from the red-hot porcelain mixed pyrolysis in Ceramic Balls preheater 4.Pyrolysis of coal product and porcelain ball exist
Separating in sifter 7, pyrolysis char is discharged after cooling, is pyrolyzed oil gas fractional distillation in fractionating column, pyrolysis coal gas and air at pottery
In porcelain ball pyrolysis apparatus, the cold porcelain ball heat supply from riser 8 is given in burning, it is achieved recycling of cold and hot porcelain ball.
Toscoal hot solid carrier devolatilization technique uses partial thermal decomposition gas-fired, is heated by cold porcelain ball.Porcelain after heating
Ball and dried coal mixed pyrolysis in pyrolysis reactor, produce pyrolysis oil gas and semicoke.Semicoke and the screened separation of porcelain ball
After, semicoke cools down, and the boosted pipe of porcelain ball is promoted to Ceramic Balls preheater waste heat, completes once to circulate.
Prior art one has the drawback that
In cyclic process, there is mechanical wear in Ceramic Balls, and during airlift conveying Ceramic Balls, to pipeline and
Equipment inner wall has a certain degree of abrasion.
Additionally, pyrolysis reactor uses rotary kiln, the oil gas time of staying that pyrolysis produces is long, and oil gas secondary response is violent,
Tar quality declines.
And, after pyrolysis, semicoke and Ceramic Balls are completely separated difficulty.
Prior art two
Fig. 5 is the process chart of prior art three.As it is shown in figure 5, god's mansion SH internal thermal upright carbonization furnace technological process
For: after raw coal (20~150mm) after crushing and screening, it is delivered to the coal tower of furnace roof, enters uprightly through sealing-tape machine, coal valve and auxiliary coal bin
In stove.Lump coal in upright furnace moves from top to bottom, with high-temperature gas counter current contacting.Upright furnace top is lump coal preheating section, in advance
Lump coal is preheated to 360~400 DEG C by hot arc;Lump coal after preheating enters the retort section in the middle part of upright furnace, and retort section lump coal is added
Heat, to 680~720 DEG C, produces semicoke and pyrolysis gas, and semicoke is discharged by cooling after the cooling section of carbonization chamber bottom, pyrolysis gas warp
Tedge, bridge tube enter pneumatic trough.In pneumatic trough, high-temperature hot is vented one's spleen by about cyclic ammonia water spraying cooling to 80 DEG C, obtains slightly
Coal gas and tar, as the heating fuel of upright furnace after raw gas is purified.
Prior art two has the drawback that
SH type internal thermal upright carbonization furnace PROCESS FOR TREATMENT lump coal, is not suitable for pulverized coal pyrolysis.
SH type internal thermal upright carbonization furnace technique uses gas heat carrier, and the pyrolysis petroleum resources produced after pyrolysis is by gas
Heat carrier dilutes, and calorific value is low.
Pyrolysis petroleum resources condensation number is big.
Lump coal volume is big, and heat transfer coefficient is low, and heat transfer efficiency is the highest, and pyrolysis time is long, and oil gas secondary response is violent, tar product
Matter is the highest.
Equipment is huge, is difficult to operation.
Utility model content
The problem existed for above prior art, the utility model proposes a kind of fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus, it is possible to will
The petroleum resources that pyrolysis produces derives rapidly pyrolysis reactor, and secondary response is few, effective raising tar and pyrolysis gas quality.
The utility model proposes fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus, comprising:
Reactor body, described reactor body limits reaction compartment, described reaction compartment can be divided into from top to down into
Material district, pyrolysis zone and discharge zone;
Described feed zone includes: material inlet, and described material inlet is positioned at the top of described reactor body;
Described pyrolysis zone includes: multilamellar heat accumulation type radiant tube, described multilamellar heat accumulation type radiant tube edge in described pyrolysis zone
Described reactor body short transverse is spaced apart, and every layer of described heat accumulation type radiant tube includes multiple horizontally spaced
The heat accumulation type radiant tube of distribution;
Described discharge zone includes: semicoke exports, and the outlet of described semicoke is positioned at the bottom of described reactor body, for by heat
Semicoke after solution discharges described reactor body;
Bleed umbrella, for discharging the pyrolysis gas produced in pyrolytic process, described in umbrella of bleeding be arranged in described discharge zone, described
Pack of bleeding includes umbrella portion and shank, described umbrella portion and described both shanks gas communication and connects, and described shank is from reactor
Portion passes the sidewall of reactor and extends to the centre position of inside reactor;
Level-sensing device, described level-sensing device is arranged in described discharge zone, and in the described discharge zone of display in real time, semicoke is described
Bleed at the bottom of umbrella umbrella to the material position of place, feeding position plane.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, described umbrella portion is pyramidal structure, described umbrella portion orientating reaction device
Bottom and surface, umbrella portion be disposed with multiple through hole.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, described in radius at the bottom of umbrella umbrella of bleeding be described reactor body width
The 1/8~1/4 of degree, inclination angle is 45 °~60 °.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, every layer of described heat accumulation type radiant tube include multiple parallel and
Equally distributed heat accumulation type radiant tube, and every layer of described heat accumulation type radiant tube is parallel with upper and lower two-layer heat accumulation type radiant tube, and
It is interspersed along described reactor body short transverse.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, described in the bleed top, umbrella portion of umbrella be provided with bleeding point.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, described in the bleed shank of umbrella internal for hollow structure, be used for arranging
Go out the pyrolysis gas within described reactor body.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, the external diameter of described heat accumulation type radiant tube is 200~300mm.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, the horizontal range between described adjacent heat accumulation type radiant tube outer wall
It is 200~500mm.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, the vertical distance between described adjacent heat accumulation type radiant tube outer wall
It is 200~700mm.
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus as above, wherein, the number of plies of described heat accumulation type radiant tube is 10~25 layers.
By using fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus described in the utility model, heat accumulation type radiant tube formula down-flow fluidized bed using ECT is used to process
Fine coal, it is possible to the effective pyrolysis particle diameter fine coal less than 3mm;Being bled umbrella structure by employing, oil gas pyrolysis produced is rapid
Deriving reactor body, secondary response is few, and pyrolysis oil gas is declined by dustiness after the pyrolysis char in discharge zone, effectively reduces
Dustiness in pyrolysis oil gas, reduces the pretreatment cost of the follow-up refinement treatment of tar, effective improves tar and pyrolysis
The quality of oil gas.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By the detailed description made in conjunction with the following drawings, of the present utility model above-mentioned or otherwise content will become
Become apparent from and be easier to understand, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this utility model fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus;
Fig. 2 is the umbrella front view of bleeding of this utility model fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus;
Fig. 3 is umbrella umbrella portion of the bleeding top view of this utility model fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus;
Fig. 4 is the process chart of prior art one;
Fig. 5 is the process chart of prior art two.
In accompanying drawing, each label is expressed as follows:
1: reactor body, 11: feed zone, 12: pyrolysis zone, 13: discharge zone;
2: heat accumulation type radiant tube;
3: umbrella of bleeding, 31: umbrella portion, 32: shank, 33: bleeding point, 34: at the bottom of umbrella;
4: pyrolysis char;
5: level-sensing device;
6: material inlet;
7: semicoke exports.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe detailed description of the invention of the present utility model below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in detail.
Detailed description of the invention/the embodiment recorded at this is specific detailed description of the invention of the present utility model, is used for
Bright design of the present utility model, is all explanatory and exemplary, should not be construed as this utility model embodiment and this reality
Restriction by novel scope.In addition to the embodiment recorded at this, those skilled in the art can also be based on the application claim
Book and description disclosure of that use other technical scheme obvious, and these technical schemes include using to be remembered at this
The technical scheme making any obvious substitutions and modifications of embodiment carried, all protection domain of the present utility model it
In.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this utility model fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus.As it is shown in figure 1, the utility model proposes
Fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus include reactor body 1.
Described reactor body 1 limits reaction compartment, and described reaction compartment can be divided into feed zone 11, pyrolysis from top to down
District 12 and discharge zone 13.
Described feed zone 11 includes material inlet 6.Described material inlet 6 is positioned at the top of described reactor body 1.
Concrete, described material inlet 6 can be arranged in the center on described reactor body 1 top as far as possible, it is simple to
Enter into the material in reactor from described material mouth 6 and can be evenly scattered in inside, described pyrolysis zone 12.
Further, the material particular diameter entered in described pyrolysis zone 12 should be less than 3mm.
Described pyrolysis zone 12 includes multilamellar heat accumulation type radiant tube 2.Described multilamellar heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 is in described pyrolysis zone
In 12 spaced apart along described reactor body 1 short transverse, and every layer of described heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 include multiple along level
The heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 that direction is spaced apart.
Further, every layer of described heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 includes multiple parallel and equally distributed heat accumulation type radiant tube
2, and every layer of heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 is parallel with upper and lower two-layer heat accumulation type radiant tube 2, and hand over along reactor body 1 short transverse
Wrong distribution.
Concrete, as it is shown in figure 1, the external diameter of described heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 is 200~300mm.Adjacent described heat accumulating type spoke
Penetrating the horizontal range between pipe 2 outer wall is 200~500mm, vertical distance 200~700mm.Described multilamellar heat accumulation type radiant tube 2
The number of plies can be 10~25 layers.Find through utility model people, this kind of structure arrange so that in pyrolysis zone thermo parameters method equal
Even, such that it is able to significantly improve the fast pyrogenation efficiency of material, and then improve the productivity of tar.
In this utility model, heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 is regenerative gas radial canal, i.e. burning is fired by radial canal body
The heat that gas produces carries out heat supply in the way of radiation.Thus, it is possible to the combustion gas being passed through in heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 by adjustment
Flow realizes the temperature to pyrolytic process and controls, such that it is able to significantly improve the fast pyrogenation efficiency of material, and then improves Jiao
The productivity of oil.
In this utility model, described heat accumulation type radiant tube 2 can also be replaced by burner or other heating plants, its technology
Scheme is not limited solely to this.
As it is shown in figure 1, described discharge zone 13 includes semicoke outlet 7.Described semicoke outlet 7 is positioned at described reactor body 1
Bottom, for will pyrolysis after semicoke 4 discharge described reactor body 1.
Concrete, described discharge zone 13 can be in inverted cone.Thus, it is possible to make pyrogenous origin semicoke 4 discharge smoothly
Discharge zone 13.Described semicoke outlet 7 should be arranged in the center of described reactor body 1 bottom as far as possible, it is simple to discharge zone
Semicoke 4 in 13 is discharged outside reactor smoothly.
Bleed umbrella 3 for discharging the pyrolysis gas produced in pyrolytic process.Described umbrella 3 of bleeding is arranged in described discharge zone 13.
Fig. 2 is the umbrella front view of bleeding of this utility model fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus.Umbrella 3 of bleeding described in as in figure 2 it is shown, includes umbrella portion 31
With shank 32, the two gas communication connects.Described shank 32 passes the sidewall of reactor and extends to anti-from the outside of reactor
Answer the centre position within device.Described umbrella portion 31 is pyramidal structure, the bottom of described umbrella portion 31 orientating reaction device and umbrella portion 31
Surface is disposed with multiple through hole.
Fig. 3 is umbrella umbrella portion of the bleeding top view of this utility model fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus.The umbrella 3 as it is shown on figure 3, bleed
Top has bleeding point 33.Described bleeding point 33 top is connected with the shank 32 of umbrella 3 of bleeding.Described umbrella handle portion 32 of bleeding is for hollow
Structure, discharges outside described reactor body 1 in time for the pyrolysis gas produced by semicoke 4.Discharge the pyrolysis gas outside reactor
Carry out Oil-gas Separation further, obtain tar and pyrolysis gas.
Bleed umbrella 3 by arranging in discharge zone 13, the pyrolysis gas produced after pulverized coal pyrolysis is passed through after pyrolysis char by
It is outside that reactor body 1 derived by umbrella 3 of bleeding.Through the filtration of semicoke 4, the temperature of pyrolysis gas can be reduced, reduce simultaneously
Dust content in pyrolysis gas, reduces the dustiness in subsequent high temperature coal pyrolysis gas Quench tar, reduces the pretreatment cost of tar.
Further, detach process for more preferably realize pyrolysis gas, radius at the bottom of the umbrella of described umbrella 3 of bleeding can be set as
The 1/8~1/4 of described reactor body 1 width, inclination angle is 45 °~60 °.
As it is shown in figure 1, level-sensing device 5 is arranged in described discharge zone 13, the end of described level-sensing device 5 and described umbrella umbrella of bleeding
The end 34, is in same plane, bleeds at the bottom of umbrella 3 umbrella 34 to feeding position institute in real time showing in described discharge zone 13 described in semicoke 4
Material position in plane.
Concrete, as it is shown in figure 1, the discharge zone 13 in reactor body 1 is stretched in one end of described level-sensing device 5, with described
Semicoke 4 is connected;Its other end is positioned at the outside of described reactor body 1, and is furnished with display device, it is simple to take out in observing response device
At the bottom of ballute 3 umbrella, 34 arrive distance H of place, feeding position plane.The aspirating hole 33 of umbrella 3 of bleeding is h to the distance of feeding position.Visible, h
=H-b*tanA, b bleed the radius of 34 at the bottom of umbrella 3 umbrella described in being, A is the inclination angle of 34 at the bottom of umbrella 3 umbrella of bleeding.The height of h be preferably 30~
60mm.This structure can preferably complete the separation process of pyrolysis gas, reduces pyrolysis gas and is diluted, improves pyrolysis gas quality.
Embodiment
The present embodiment utilizes fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus to be as shown in Figure 1 pyrolyzed brown coal.Treat pyrolysis feed brown coal
Particle diameter less than 3mm, its brown coal analytical data is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: brown coal analytical data.
The key dimension of fine coal rapid pyrolysis apparatus is as follows: heat accumulation type radiant tube uses caliber to be the round tube of 245mm, water
The outer wall distance of flat every layer of adjacent radiation pipe is 200mm, and the outer wall distance of every layer of adjacent radiation pipe is 300mm up and down, accumulation of heat
The formula radial canal number of plies is 15.Radius at the bottom of umbrella umbrella of bleeding is 900mm, 45 ° of umbrella inclination angle of bleeding.The temperature of regulation pyrolysis zone radial canal and
The each regional temperature in reaction zone formed is as indicated in the chart 2.Wherein, the material time of staying in the reactor is 6.5s.Fine coal warp
Product after pyrolysis is tar 17.4%, pyrolysis gas 12.8%, semicoke 69.8%.Pyrolysis gas dustiness is 0.8%.
From the data of above thermal decomposition product it can be seen that after device of the present utility model effectively reduces follow-up tar condensing
The dustiness of tar, reduces the pretreatment cost 10% of follow-up tar refining, substantially increases the benefit of pyrolysis.
The pyrolysis gas produced through pyrolytic reaction discharges reactor body 1 outside in time by umbrella 3 of bleeding, and reduces pyrolysis gas
The degree being diluted, effectively raises the quality of tar and pyrolysis gas.
The semicoke 4 produced after pyrolysis is discharged outside reactor by the discharging opening 7 of reactor body 1 bottom, in order to carry out
Pyrolytic reaction next time.
Table 2: process operation parameter.
Sequence number |
Parameter name |
Parameter value |
1 |
Heat accumulation type radiant tube reactor upper temp |
580℃ |
2 |
Heat accumulation type radiant tube reactor middle portion temperature |
605℃ |
3 |
Heat accumulation type radiant tube reactor lower part temperature |
594℃ |
4 |
Pyrolysis gas outlet temperature |
583℃ |
Each technical characteristic of above-mentioned disclosure is not limited to disclosed and other features combinations, and those skilled in the art are also
Other combinations between each technical characteristic can be carried out according to utility model purpose, be as the criterion realizing the purpose of this utility model.