CN104686185A - High-yield cultivation method for abelmoschus esculentus in sunlight greenhouse - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for abelmoschus esculentus in sunlight greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A high-yield cultivation method for abelmoschus esculentus in a sunlight greenhouse includes the steps of performing variety selection and seedling cultivation, namely, selecting a variety tolerant to heat, tolerant to low temperature at the later stage, resistant to virus diseases, storable and vigorous in growth, drying seeds in the sun for 1-2 days, and soaking the seeds by 50% carbendazim wettable powder (diluted by 400-1000 times) for 30 minutes for accelerating germination; selecting a high leeward sunny plot convenient for drainage and irrigation, and forming east-west furrows; irrigating the seedbed bottom thoroughly and deeply before sowing, cutting the furrows to form squares 10 square centimeters by a slice blade, dibbling two seeds in each square, and covering the squares with fine soil in thickness of 0.5-1 centimeter; after fixed planting of seedlings is performed for a period of time, due to the slightly higher temperature in the greenhouse, ventilating for cooling, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse in the daytime to range from 25 DEG C to 30 DEG C and the temperature in the greenhouse in the nighttime to range from 15 DEG C to 18 DEG C, covering the greenhouse with grass carpets to enable the temperature of the greenhouse in the nighttime not to be lower than 15 DEG C when the temperature in the nighttime decreases below 10 DEG C, topdressing mainly by quick-acting phosphorus and potassium, and avoiding too much nitrogen which can result in vain growth and flower and fruit abortion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of vegetables, specifically refer to that a kind of greenhouse by solar heat gumbo downgrades high-yield cultivating method.
Background technology
Gumbo has another name called swordweed, Abelmoschus esculentus, hair eggplant, and originate in Africa, also there are wild species in China.Extensively cultivate in torrid areas such as Europe Africa Middle East, India and Southeast Asia at present.The people institute heat that become okra pursues high a grade nutritive health-care vegetable, the fashionable whole world.Its edible portion is fruit pod, divides again green and red two kinds, its tender and crisp succulence, and lubricious oiliness, fragrance is unique, deeply favors by the common people.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of greenhouse by solar heat gumbo high-yield cultivating method, comprise the following steps:
Fruit variety and nursery: select low temperature resistant, viral diseases, storage tolerance of heat-resisting later stage, growth potential be strong, branchiness good, in result set, fruit pork is thick, the later stage is cold-resistant high yield, stable yields kind; Bask seeds 1 ~ 2 day, then 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 400 ~ 1000 times of immersion kinds 30 minutes are used, add appropriate tertiary sodium phosphate with kill virus simultaneously, rinse well with clear water after taking-up, the thermostatted water putting into 55 ~ 60 DEG C again soaks 10 minutes, and constantly stir, cold water is added immediately after 10 minutes, make water temperature be down to 30 DEG C, then leave standstill immersion 5 ~ 6 hours, rinse twice with clear water, pull out and drain excessive moisture wet gauze and wrap, hang vernalization in the cool, when seed 60% ~ 80% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after 5 ~ 6 days, size is as sowed during the grain of rice;
Seedbed prepares: selection physical features is higher, leeward on the sunny side, row waters plot easily, and do East and West direction furrow, wide 1.5 ~ 2.0 m of furrow, length is made by oneself, every 0.067 hm
2need seedbed 70 m
2, bed soil joins the cold property pig manure 3 parts that becomes thoroughly decomposed, different section garden mould 7 parts, and sieving, it is flat to hug, and the ridge 60 cm is cut on the furrow north, high 25 cm in south, and middle cultivation fore-set, post is fixed No. 8 iron wires and become an inclined-plane with the ridge, north and south two, create a shady and cool environment, seedling is slowly grown;
Sowing: broadcasting water at the bottom of front seedbed will irrigate, and is cut into grid with thin blade in furrow by 10 centimeter square, and dibbling two seeds, then cover fine earth 0.5 ~ 1 cm thick in each grid;
Seedling management: vegetative period, preference temperature was daytime 25 ~ 30 DEG C, night 15 ~ 20 DEG C, initial stage outside air temperature is higher, room temperature is controlled by regulating ventilation and ventilation number, when extraneous mean temperature of air lower than 18 DEG C, night lower than 12 DEG C time, should Insulation be taked, the autumn and winter stubble gumbo generally do not topdress seedling stage, as de-fertile in found seedling stage, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 2 ~ 3 times that a small amount of urea or leaf surface spraying concentration are 0.2% can be imposed in conjunction with watering;
Field planting: when seedling grows to 15 ~ 20 centimetres, seedling age about about 35 ~ 40 days, there are 5 ~ 7 true leaves, field planting during appearance 1 ~ 2 branch, before field planting, 5 d lower the temperature hardening gradually, daytime 18 DEG C ~ 22 DEG C, night 13 DEG C, ground temperature 10 DEG C ~ 14 DEG C, spray once high yield treasured or the happy liquid of green enlightening is expected to obtain the stout and strong seedling of body, even the cloudy day also should throw off covering, increase light application time and lightness, prevent its waterlogging caused by excessive rain excessive growth, apply high-quality to become thoroughly decomposed barnyard manure 5000 kilograms in conjunction with whole every 1/15 hectare before field planting, 20 kilograms, urea, potassium sulfate 20 kilograms, superphosphate 50 kilograms, fertilising is wanted evenly, plough deeply soil, two wide furrow being 1.8 meters are made into after raking, furrow prick Small plastic shed, aisle is stayed in the middle of two furrow, Cold-proof Ditch is stayed in outside, shed to be built up ahead of time before planting, general canopy is wide 6 meters, sagitta 1.8 ~ 2 meters, the long apparent area of canopy and determining, field planting should select fine day to carry out afternoon, seedbed wants water in advance the morning, by the former grid lifting pulled, want multi-band soil, avoid hindering root, field planting line-spacing 35 centimetres, spacing in the rows 40 centimetres, every 1/15 hectare is stayed seedling 4000 ~ 4500 strain,
Management after field planting: a period of time after Seeding planting, in shed, temperature is higher, aeration-cooling, temperature of shed controls at 25 ~ 30 DEG C daytime, night 15 ~ 18 DEG C, the very night, temperature drop was to less than 10 DEG C, namely straw mat should be added a cover on Small plastic shed, night Small plastic shed temperature is made to be not less than 15 DEG C, bear fruit and plant strain growth in order to pollination of blooming, enter severe cold winter, note closing canopy insulation, to the film on Small plastic shed in shed and straw mat, early lid will be taken off evening, vola water is watered after field planting, seedling-slowing stage need not water, carry out intertillage 2 ~ 3 times in time later, lack of water phenomenon is there is after slow seedling, unrestrained the spreading and sinking in of little water need be carried out water, in conjunction with watering, every 1/15 hectare imposes 10 kilograms, urea and carries seed manure, after door green pepper sits, suitably water, frequent maintenance soil is gentle, later along with ventilation reduces, evaporation of soil water speed is slow, water proper extension interval time, but still must ground moistening be kept, first fruit phase and the full bearing period can in conjunction with watering, execute diammonium phosphate with water punching for every 1/15 hectare at every turn, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, about 10 kilograms, urea, topdress with quick-acting phosphorus, potassium is main, should not be too much with nitrogen, in order to avoid cause excessive growth, fruit drop, or by freeze injury, the plant weak to growth potential can pluck a green pepper bud, and remove some branches, to reach the many and concentrated object of result, after first frost, every strain is beared fruit about 10 and is advisable, extract unnecessary bud and young fruit, concentrate nutrient, promote Fruit, as found plant excessive growth, can after entering flowering stage, the paclobutrazol of spray 10 ~ 20 mg/kg twice, about 15 days, interval, to suppress excessive growth, adjustment plant structure, Accelerate bloom is beared fruit,
The extermination of disease and insect pest: disease mainly contains virus disease, epidemic disease, gray mold and powdery mildew, virus disease to put prevention first, should spray 20% viral A wetting powder, 500 times of liquid in time after field planting, every spray in 5 ~ 7 days 1 time, continuous spraying 3 ~ 4 times; Epidemic disease can spray with 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn, 400 times of liquid, also can smear basal part of stem with 90% fosetyl aluminium, 600 times of liquid; Gray mold selects sumilex or grey mold spirit 1 000 times of liquid controls; Powdery mildew can spray with 30% special rich spirit, 4 000 times of liquid, and insect pest is aphid, aleyrodid, oriental tobacco budworm, nocturnal moth class mainly, aphid 1 000 times of liquid Imidacloprids or 2 000 times of liquid Aphox wetting powder controls; Trialeurodes vaporariorum can clear or 1 000 times of liquid green dish treasured control with 2 000 times of liquid aleyrodids; The optional beta-cypermethrin of oriental tobacco budworm, nocturnal moth class or other novel chrysanthemum ester class medicament 2 000 ~ 3 000 times of liquid or Avermectin 4 000 times of liquid spraying process.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below.
Fruit variety and nursery: select low temperature resistant, viral diseases, storage tolerance of heat-resisting later stage, growth potential be strong, branchiness good, in result set, fruit pork is thick, the later stage is cold-resistant high yield, stable yields kind; Bask seeds 1 ~ 2 day, then 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 400 ~ 1000 times of immersion kinds 30 minutes are used, add appropriate tertiary sodium phosphate with kill virus simultaneously, rinse well with clear water after taking-up, the thermostatted water putting into 55 ~ 60 DEG C again soaks 10 minutes, and constantly stir, cold water is added immediately after 10 minutes, make water temperature be down to 30 DEG C, then leave standstill immersion 5 ~ 6 hours, rinse twice with clear water, pull out and drain excessive moisture wet gauze and wrap, hang vernalization in the cool, when seed 60% ~ 80% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after 5 ~ 6 days, size is as sowed during the grain of rice;
Seedbed prepares: selection physical features is higher, leeward on the sunny side, row waters plot easily, and do East and West direction furrow, wide 1.5 ~ 2.0 m of furrow, length is made by oneself, every 0.067 hm
2need seedbed 70 m
2, bed soil joins the cold property pig manure 3 parts that becomes thoroughly decomposed, different section garden mould 7 parts, and sieving, it is flat to hug, and the ridge 60 cm is cut on the furrow north, high 25 cm in south, and middle cultivation fore-set, post is fixed No. 8 iron wires and become an inclined-plane with the ridge, north and south two, create a shady and cool environment, seedling is slowly grown;
Sowing: broadcasting water at the bottom of front seedbed will irrigate, and is cut into grid with thin blade in furrow by 10 centimeter square, and dibbling two seeds, then cover fine earth 0.5 ~ 1 cm thick in each grid;
Seedling management: vegetative period, preference temperature was daytime 25 ~ 30 DEG C, night 15 ~ 20 DEG C, initial stage outside air temperature is higher, room temperature is controlled by regulating ventilation and ventilation number, when extraneous mean temperature of air lower than 18 DEG C, night lower than 12 DEG C time, should Insulation be taked, the autumn and winter stubble gumbo generally do not topdress seedling stage, as de-fertile in found seedling stage, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 2 ~ 3 times that a small amount of urea or leaf surface spraying concentration are 0.2% can be imposed in conjunction with watering;
Field planting: when seedling grows to 15 ~ 20 centimetres, seedling age about about 35 ~ 40 days, there are 5 ~ 7 true leaves, field planting during appearance 1 ~ 2 branch, before field planting, 5 d lower the temperature hardening gradually, daytime 18 DEG C ~ 22 DEG C, night 13 DEG C, ground temperature 10 DEG C ~ 14 DEG C, spray once high yield treasured or the happy liquid of green enlightening is expected to obtain the stout and strong seedling of body, even the cloudy day also should throw off covering, increase light application time and lightness, prevent its waterlogging caused by excessive rain excessive growth, apply high-quality to become thoroughly decomposed barnyard manure 5000 kilograms in conjunction with whole every 1/15 hectare before field planting, 20 kilograms, urea, potassium sulfate 20 kilograms, superphosphate 50 kilograms, fertilising is wanted evenly, plough deeply soil, two wide furrow being 1.8 meters are made into after raking, furrow prick Small plastic shed, aisle is stayed in the middle of two furrow, Cold-proof Ditch is stayed in outside, shed to be built up ahead of time before planting, general canopy is wide 6 meters, sagitta 1.8 ~ 2 meters, the long apparent area of canopy and determining, field planting should select fine day to carry out afternoon, seedbed wants water in advance the morning, by the former grid lifting pulled, want multi-band soil, avoid hindering root, field planting line-spacing 35 centimetres, spacing in the rows 40 centimetres, every 1/15 hectare is stayed seedling 4000 ~ 4500 strain,
Management after field planting: a period of time after Seeding planting, in shed, temperature is higher, aeration-cooling, temperature of shed controls at 25 ~ 30 DEG C daytime, night 15 ~ 18 DEG C, the very night, temperature drop was to less than 10 DEG C, namely straw mat should be added a cover on Small plastic shed, night Small plastic shed temperature is made to be not less than 15 DEG C, bear fruit and plant strain growth in order to pollination of blooming, enter severe cold winter, note closing canopy insulation, to the film on Small plastic shed in shed and straw mat, early lid will be taken off evening, vola water is watered after field planting, seedling-slowing stage need not water, carry out intertillage 2 ~ 3 times in time later, lack of water phenomenon is there is after slow seedling, unrestrained the spreading and sinking in of little water need be carried out water, in conjunction with watering, every 1/15 hectare imposes 10 kilograms, urea and carries seed manure, after door green pepper sits, suitably water, frequent maintenance soil is gentle, later along with ventilation reduces, evaporation of soil water speed is slow, water proper extension interval time, but still must ground moistening be kept, first fruit phase and the full bearing period can in conjunction with watering, execute diammonium phosphate with water punching for every 1/15 hectare at every turn, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, about 10 kilograms, urea, topdress with quick-acting phosphorus, potassium is main, should not be too much with nitrogen, in order to avoid cause excessive growth, fruit drop, or by freeze injury, the plant weak to growth potential can pluck a green pepper bud, and remove some branches, to reach the many and concentrated object of result, after first frost, every strain is beared fruit about 10 and is advisable, extract unnecessary bud and young fruit, concentrate nutrient, promote Fruit, as found plant excessive growth, can after entering flowering stage, the paclobutrazol of spray 10 ~ 20 mg/kg twice, about 15 days, interval, to suppress excessive growth, adjustment plant structure, Accelerate bloom is beared fruit,
The extermination of disease and insect pest: disease mainly contains virus disease, epidemic disease, gray mold and powdery mildew, virus disease to put prevention first, should spray 20% viral A wetting powder, 500 times of liquid in time after field planting, every spray in 5 ~ 7 days 1 time, continuous spraying 3 ~ 4 times; Epidemic disease can spray with 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn, 400 times of liquid, also can smear basal part of stem with 90% fosetyl aluminium, 600 times of liquid; Gray mold selects sumilex or grey mold spirit 1 000 times of liquid controls; Powdery mildew can spray with 30% special rich spirit, 4 000 times of liquid, and insect pest is aphid, aleyrodid, oriental tobacco budworm, nocturnal moth class mainly, aphid 1 000 times of liquid Imidacloprids or 2 000 times of liquid Aphox wetting powder controls; Trialeurodes vaporariorum can clear or 1 000 times of liquid green dish treasured control with 2 000 times of liquid aleyrodids; The optional beta-cypermethrin of oriental tobacco budworm, nocturnal moth class or other novel chrysanthemum ester class medicament 2 000 ~ 3 000 times of liquid or Avermectin 4 000 times of liquid spraying process.
Gather.In autumn and winter stubble gumbo result set, generally substantially grow up in the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period in November to December, later temperature reduces, poor growth, makes the gumbo grown up to stay on plant fresh-keeping, takes off the film on lid Small plastic shed, straw mat every day, make it to see that light heats, gather when being deferred to New Year's Day, the Spring Festival.Can go on the market or disposable results supply festival marketplace in batches.
Claims (1)
1. a greenhouse by solar heat gumbo high-yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
(1) Fruit variety and nursery: select low temperature resistant, viral diseases, storage tolerance of heat-resisting later stage, growth potential be strong, branchiness good, in result set, fruit pork is thick, the later stage is cold-resistant high yield, stable yields kind; Bask seeds 1 ~ 2 day, then 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 400 ~ 1000 times of immersion kinds 30 minutes are used, add appropriate tertiary sodium phosphate with kill virus simultaneously, rinse well with clear water after taking-up, the thermostatted water putting into 55 ~ 60 DEG C again soaks 10 minutes, and constantly stir, cold water is added immediately after 10 minutes, make water temperature be down to 30 DEG C, then leave standstill immersion 5 ~ 6 hours, rinse twice with clear water, pull out and drain excessive moisture wet gauze and wrap, hang vernalization in the cool, when seed 60% ~ 80% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after 5 ~ 6 days, size is as sowed during the grain of rice;
(2) seedbed prepares: selection physical features is higher, leeward on the sunny side, row waters plot easily, and do East and West direction furrow, wide 1.5 ~ 2.0 m of furrow, length is made by oneself, every 0.067 hm
2need seedbed 70 m
2, bed soil joins the cold property pig manure 3 parts that becomes thoroughly decomposed, different section garden mould 7 parts, and sieving, it is flat to hug, and the ridge 60 cm is cut on the furrow north, high 25 cm in south, and middle cultivation fore-set, post is fixed No. 8 iron wires and become an inclined-plane with the ridge, north and south two, create a shady and cool environment, seedling is slowly grown;
(3) sow: broadcasting water at the bottom of front seedbed will irrigate, and is cut into grid with thin blade in furrow by 10 centimeter square, and in each grid, dibbling two seeds, then cover fine earth 0.5 ~ 1 cm thick;
(4) seedling management: vegetative period, preference temperature was daytime 25 ~ 30 DEG C, night 15 ~ 20 DEG C, initial stage outside air temperature is higher, room temperature is controlled by regulating ventilation and ventilation number, when extraneous mean temperature of air lower than 18 DEG C, night lower than 12 DEG C time, should Insulation be taked, the autumn and winter stubble gumbo generally do not topdress seedling stage, as de-fertile in found seedling stage, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 2 ~ 3 times that a small amount of urea or leaf surface spraying concentration are 0.2% can be imposed in conjunction with watering;
(5) field planting: when seedling grows to 15 ~ 20 centimetres, seedling age about about 35 ~ 40 days, there are 5 ~ 7 true leaves, field planting during appearance 1 ~ 2 branch, before field planting, 5 d lower the temperature hardening gradually, daytime 18 DEG C ~ 22 DEG C, night 13 DEG C, ground temperature 10 DEG C ~ 14 DEG C, spray once high yield treasured or the happy liquid of green enlightening is expected to obtain the stout and strong seedling of body, even the cloudy day also should throw off covering, increase light application time and lightness, prevent its waterlogging caused by excessive rain excessive growth, apply high-quality to become thoroughly decomposed barnyard manure 5000 kilograms in conjunction with whole every 1/15 hectare before field planting, 20 kilograms, urea, potassium sulfate 20 kilograms, superphosphate 50 kilograms, fertilising is wanted evenly, plough deeply soil, two wide furrow being 1.8 meters are made into after raking, furrow prick Small plastic shed, aisle is stayed in the middle of two furrow, Cold-proof Ditch is stayed in outside, shed to be built up ahead of time before planting, general canopy is wide 6 meters, sagitta 1.8 ~ 2 meters, the long apparent area of canopy and determining, field planting should select fine day to carry out afternoon, seedbed wants water in advance the morning, by the former grid lifting pulled, want multi-band soil, avoid hindering root, field planting line-spacing 35 centimetres, spacing in the rows 40 centimetres, every 1/15 hectare is stayed seedling 4000 ~ 4500 strain,
(6) management after field planting: a period of time after Seeding planting, in shed, temperature is higher, aeration-cooling, temperature of shed controls at 25 ~ 30 DEG C daytime, night 15 ~ 18 DEG C, the very night, temperature drop was to less than 10 DEG C, namely straw mat should be added a cover on Small plastic shed, night Small plastic shed temperature is made to be not less than 15 DEG C, bear fruit and plant strain growth in order to pollination of blooming, enter severe cold winter, note closing canopy insulation, to the film on Small plastic shed in shed and straw mat, early lid will be taken off evening, vola water is watered after field planting, seedling-slowing stage need not water, carry out intertillage 2 ~ 3 times in time later, lack of water phenomenon is there is after slow seedling, unrestrained the spreading and sinking in of little water need be carried out water, in conjunction with watering, every 1/15 hectare imposes 10 kilograms, urea and carries seed manure, after door green pepper sits, suitably water, frequent maintenance soil is gentle, later along with ventilation reduces, evaporation of soil water speed is slow, water proper extension interval time, but still must ground moistening be kept, first fruit phase and the full bearing period can in conjunction with watering, execute diammonium phosphate with water punching for every 1/15 hectare at every turn, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, about 10 kilograms, urea, topdress with quick-acting phosphorus, potassium is main, should not be too much with nitrogen, in order to avoid cause excessive growth, fruit drop, or by freeze injury, the plant weak to growth potential can pluck a green pepper bud, and remove some branches, to reach the many and concentrated object of result, after first frost, every strain is beared fruit about 10 and is advisable, extract unnecessary bud and young fruit, concentrate nutrient, promote Fruit, as found plant excessive growth, can after entering flowering stage, the paclobutrazol of spray 10 ~ 20 mg/kg twice, about 15 days, interval, to suppress excessive growth, adjustment plant structure, Accelerate bloom is beared fruit,
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest: disease mainly contains virus disease, epidemic disease, gray mold and powdery mildew, virus disease to put prevention first, should spray 20% viral A wetting powder, 500 times of liquid in time after field planting, every spray in 5 ~ 7 days 1 time, continuous spraying 3 ~ 4 times; Epidemic disease can spray with 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn, 400 times of liquid, also can smear basal part of stem with 90% fosetyl aluminium, 600 times of liquid; Gray mold selects sumilex or grey mold spirit 1 000 times of liquid controls; Powdery mildew can spray with 30% special rich spirit, 4 000 times of liquid, and insect pest is aphid, aleyrodid, oriental tobacco budworm, nocturnal moth class mainly, aphid 1 000 times of liquid Imidacloprids or 2 000 times of liquid Aphox wetting powder controls; Trialeurodes vaporariorum can clear or 1 000 times of liquid green dish treasured control with 2 000 times of liquid aleyrodids; The optional beta-cypermethrin of oriental tobacco budworm, nocturnal moth class or other novel chrysanthemum ester class medicament 2 000 ~ 3 000 times of liquid or Avermectin 4 000 times of liquid spraying process.
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| CN106105673A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-16 | 固镇县华丰农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of booth Abelmoschus esculentus |
| CN106211979A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 童国柱 | A kind of Flos abelmoschi manihot Highly effective implantation methods |
| CN106717936A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-31 | 五河县茂源水蛭生态养殖专业合作社 | A kind of okra implantation methods |
| CN107251683A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-10-17 | 合肥市风达农业有限责任公司 | A kind of germination accelerating method of gumbo seed |
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