CN104686148A - Method for identifying the springness and winterness of wheat varieties and regulating flower synchronization - Google Patents
Method for identifying the springness and winterness of wheat varieties and regulating flower synchronization Download PDFInfo
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- CN104686148A CN104686148A CN201510086804.2A CN201510086804A CN104686148A CN 104686148 A CN104686148 A CN 104686148A CN 201510086804 A CN201510086804 A CN 201510086804A CN 104686148 A CN104686148 A CN 104686148A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for identifying the springness and winterness of wheat varieties and regulating flower synchronization. In December of every year, at the low position of a vegetable greenhouse warm in winter in the east-west direction, the wheat varieties which are to be identified and to be adopted as parents and the springness-winterness comparison wheat varieties of which the springness and winterness are known are planted in the north-south row direction, the row direction is perpendicular to the low edge of the greenhouse, the wheat variety which is late in heading and has a large heading (flowering) time difference on both ends of the same line (the heading-flowering of wheat at ends close to the edge of the greenhouse firstly occurs through vernalization) belongs to the winter variety; the wheat variety which is early in heading and has small heading (flowering) time difference on both ends of the same line (even the heading-flowering of the wheat at both ends occurs in the same period) belongs to the spring variety. Through the influence of the low temperature outside the winter greenhouse to the close temperature in the greenhouse and by virtue of the temperature-difference effect generated by different distances to the edge of the greenhouse, the speed of vernalization and growth of wheat is influenced, the springness and winterness of wheat varieties can be identified, and time of flower synchronization among different varieties is greatly prolonged, the flower synchronization of any two wheat varieties can be realized with the combination of intermission seeding, and the two wheat varieties are mutually cross-fertilized to be utilized as parents.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wheat germplasm to differentiate and breeding technical field, be specifically related to a kind ofly differentiate that wheat breed Growth habit and florescence alternation meet and be convenient to the method for crossing performance.
Background technology
Under normal circumstances, the duration in flowering stage of a wheat breed, single fringe lasts 2 ~ 3 days, and monoblock wheatland lasts 5 ~ 7 days.Limited to elongation kind regulating power in flowering stage for sowing time by adjustment, be no more than 2 ~ 3 days generally at most; Control water can promote Blooming, Wintering Period plastic mulching can promote Blooming, lift-augmented mechanism and water to postpone and bloom, but all these are also no more than 10 days to the comprehensive adjustment effect maximum extension phase in flowering stage, still large not as good as some different ecological interval kind full heading time gap, these measures are not enough to make its flower synchronization.Wheat jointing post legged falls wheat seeding (or cutting off stem and large tiller) and promotes little tiller Cheng Sui, and also can extend flowering stage, but its anther development is poor, fecundity is bad, and longer blooming period also only has 7 ~ 10 days.
Sowed in spring by wheat, according to seedtime, (corresponding low temperature degree) and corresponding heading rate can differentiate the Growth habit of wheat breed sooner or later.Contemporaneity is sowed, and the heading of winter habit wheat is late, and heading rate is low; Late frost damage is eared early relatively, heading rate is high, according to its heading morning and evening and heading rate height low degree, distinguishes Growth habit strong and weak.But, under normal circumstances, the method affects by factor of natural environment, the crossbreeding work between Triticum can not be carried out while identifying in conjunction with Growth habit, because the heading of winter habit wheat is bloomed late, usually enter Summer High-Temperature Times, the wheat by temperatures involved hybridization produces the hybrid seed with good germinating capacity usually.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is exactly for the deficiency existing for above prior art, and the one proposed differentiates that wheat breed Growth habit and florescence alternation meet, and is convenient to the method doing hybrid strain utilization.By the impact of the outer low temperature of booth in winter on temperature nearby in canopy, utilize from the different temperature contrast effect that produces of canopy edge distance and then affect wheat vernalization and growing process speed, according to colleague two ends heading (and blooming) time gap size, the Growth habit of differential variety, and the flower synchronization time greatly extended between different cultivars, can realize the flower synchronization of any two wheat breeds in conjunction with intermission seeding, parent's utilization is done in phase mutual cross.
In order to reach above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Annual December warms up the short place of plastic greenhoues in the East and West direction winter, north and south row to sowing to be identified go to parent utilize wheat breed and known Growth habit power winter, spring habit contrast wheat breed, row is to vertical with the short edge of booth, by the impact of the outer low temperature of booth in winter on temperature nearby in canopy, utilize the temperature contrast effect produced from canopy back gauge, the wheat plant making to be in diverse location is different by the time of vernalization, thus its heading, bloom sooner or later also different.Heading evening, colleague two ends heading (and blooming) lead time large (nearly canopy limit end is first first eared by vernalization and bloomed) be winter variety; Heading early, colleague two ends heading (and blooming) lead time little (even the two ends heading same period is bloomed) be spring varieties.
Above-described wheat colleague two ends heading (and blooming) time difference be 2-3 days be spring varieties wheat, 4-8 days be weak spring varieties wheat, 9-15 days be semiwinterness product grow wheats, 16-20 days be winter variety wheat, more than 20 days be strong winter habit wheat breed.Simultaneously with reference to the check variety of known Growth habit power heading sooner or later, the two ends heading gap time confirms that the Growth habit of identified kind is strong and weak.Between different rice varieties, overall heading is by the order in evening being early: spring habit---weak spring habit---semiwinterness---winter habit.Compare with check variety, the impact of climatic variation between year border can be reduced.
Above-described wheat planting to the plantation of canopy center position, goes long 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters from the short edge of plastic tunnel.
In the above wheat cultivation, first phase is only sowed to known winter variety and need not sow the second phase; To Vernal wheat variety or do not know that Triticum kind needs interval sowing, the sowing date first phase is early and middle ten days in December; The second phase can be sowed to known semiwinterness material; Many phases can be divided to sow the material of indefinite Growth habit classification, can suitable late sowing to the kind being known as spring habit, each phase all should sow winter, spring habit check variety, at interval of 10 days sowing first phases, make the florescence between any wheat breed realize meeting, parent's utilization is done in phase mutual cross.
The temperature treatment of the above winter warm type big shack, as long as use not convenient position, short place such as vegetables such as plantation cucumber, tomato etc., without special management requirement.Utilize the winter to warm up the not convenient short place field plot test wheat breed of plastic greenhoues, its temperature adjusting, with booth vegetables, mainly through the impact of the outer low temperature of booth in winter on temperature nearby in canopy, utilizes the temperature contrast effect produced from canopy back gauge.Main temperature control method: take straw mat off after sunset protecgulum straw mat, sunrise, noon carries out ceiling ventilation when temperature is more than 30 DEG C, keeps canopy temperature to be suitable for plant growth in booth, progressively stronger ventilation after the Ching Ming Festival, and takes canopy film off in good time.
The method that discriminating wheat breed Growth habit of the present invention and florescence alternation meet, the short place of plastic tunnel is warmed up in the East and West direction winter, north and south row is to sowing, utilize sowing wheat from the different temperature contrast produced of canopy edge distance, the wheat plant making to be in diverse location is different by the time of vernalization, thus its heading, bloom sooner or later also different.Utilize the method, can according to heading sooner or later and two ends of going together to ear (and blooming) lead time size, the Growth habit of effective differential variety, and by comparing the Growth habit classification and power of determining identified material with Growth habit standard control kind, eliminate the impact of climatic variation between year border, make identification result more accurately and reliably.
In addition, the method for the invention significantly can extend the flowering stage of winter habit and Semi-winter wheat kind, regulates full heading time in conjunction with spring varieties intermission seeding.First ear close to the short place on horticultural covering film limit in colleague and bloom, bloom after far-end, although it blooms sooner or later variant between different cultivars, but same winter wheat variety sowing can fully extend at its full heading time of plant of colleague's diverse location, make other kinds can have the individual plant with its flower synchronization, parent's utilization can be done.This method makes the kind of many original flowering asynchronisms become flower synchronization, and energy normal hybridisation, what effectively expand wheat hybridizing parent utilizes scope.Further, the wheat breed of its flowering stage of the inventive method and local land for growing field crops proper seeding can flower synchronization, and its seed setting, grouting environment are identical with the land for growing field crops wheat of local proper seeding, ensure that hybridize the normally full and good germinating capacity of grain of setting seeds.
The present invention, while discriminating wheat breed Growth habit, solves because flowering asynchronism causes many materials containing excellent character gene cannot do parent's utilization, the technical barrier that particularly many external Soybean germplasm introduction crossing performance difficulty are large.The inventive method is simple and easy to do, effective, has good using value.
embodiment:
In order to make technical scheme of the present invention clearly understand, with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated below.
embodiment:37 parts are not known the introduction material of Growth habit power and known winter habit, 30 parts of materials of semiwinterness and 3 parts of check varieties (each portion of winter habit, semiwinterness, spring varieties) warm up the short place of plastic tunnel in the winter that on December 10th, 2010 is planted in East and West direction kind cucumber, every kind sows 1 row, north and south row to, row is long 1.5 meters; Second phase December 20 is sowed 37 parts and is not known Growth habit material and that 3 check varieties; Third phase December 30 is sowed, the kind same second phase; Sowing on January 9th, 2011 8 parts is tentatively appreciated that kind and three check varieties of weak spring habit.Each phase sowing row to, row length, line-spacing etc. are all identical with the first phase, often kind all sows 1 row at every turn.
Take straw mat, sunset protecgulum straw mat after booth sunrise every day off, when noon, temperature was too high, ceiling ventilates, and turn warm gradually with weather, stronger ventilation, late March no longer lid straw mat at night, on April 10th, 2011 takes horticultural covering film off.
In first phase sowing spring habit contrast spring No. 6, heading on March 1, within 6th, to bloom, colleague two ends, north and south heading difference 3 days; No. 22, semiwinterness check variety Jimai, near the plant heading on April 23 southernmost of canopy film, begins to bloom on the 28th, and row the North 1.2 meters is sentenced the heading on May 7 of northern plant, within 11st, begun to bloom, end of blooming May 16; The winter habit check variety capital winter No. 8: near the plant heading on April 28 southernmost of canopy film, May 3 began to bloom, row the North 1.2 meters is sentenced the heading on May 17 of northern plant, bloomed for 21st.Proper seeding in the same year land for growing field crops wheat, the heading stage of principal item is between 1 to 7 May.
According to kind heading sooner or later and two ends heading period gap size of going together, in conjunction with the comparison of known Growth habit check variety, determine the Growth habit of identified kind.Early, winter variety heading is late in spring varieties heading; Heading (and blooming) lead time in colleague two ends is larger, and its winter habit is stronger; Gap is less, and being bordering on the heading same period person of blooming is then spring varieties.According to the standard that the present invention determines, 37 parts of material qualification results to not knowing Growth habit: belong to spring habit material 2 parts, weak spring habit material 6 parts, semiwinterness material 21 parts, winter habit material 5 parts, strong winter habit material 3 parts.
And No. 8, the Italy in the extremely evening of earing in local proper seeding situation, respectively with heading pole Zheng wheat 366 early, and multiple kind successful cross such as local symptom of a trend kind Shandong former 185, gather in the crops the hybrid seed that germination is good.
Claims (5)
1. differentiate the method that wheat breed Growth habit and florescence alternation meet for one kind, it is characterized in that step is as follows: annual December warms up the short place of plastic tunnel in the East and West direction winter, north and south row goes to the wheat breed of parent's utilization and the winter of known Growth habit power to sowing is to be identified, spring habit contrast wheat breed, row is to vertical with the short edge of booth, by the impact of the outer low temperature of booth in winter on temperature nearby in canopy, utilize the temperature contrast effect produced from canopy back gauge, the wheat plant being in diverse location is made to complete the time difference of vernalization, thus its heading, bloom sooner or later also different, heading early, and two ends heading (and blooming) lead time of going together little (even the two ends heading same period is bloomed) is spring varieties, heading and bloom late, and what go together two ends heading (and blooming) lead time large (nearly canopy limit end is first first eared by vernalization and bloomed) is winter variety.
2. a kind of method that wheat breed Growth habit and florescence alternation meet of differentiating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: colleague two ends heading (and blooming) time difference be 2-3 days for spring varieties wheat, 4-8 days be inclined spring varieties wheat, 9-15 days be semiwinterness product grow wheats, 16-20 days be winter variety wheat, more than 20 days be strong winter habit wheat breed, simultaneously with reference to the heading morning and evening of the check variety of known Growth habit power, the two ends heading gap time confirms that the Growth habit of identified kind is strong and weak, between different rice varieties, overall heading is by the order in evening being early: spring habit---weak spring habit---semiwinterness---winter habit.
3. a kind of method that wheat breed Growth habit and florescence alternation meet of differentiating according to claim 1, is characterized in that: wheat planting, from the short edge of winter warm type plastic vegetable greenhouse, goes long 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters.
4. a kind of method that wheat breed Growth habit and florescence alternation meet of differentiating according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: only sow first phase to known winter variety and need not sow the second phase; To Vernal wheat variety or do not know that Triticum kind needs interval sowing, the sowing date first phase is early and middle ten days in December; The second phase can be sowed to known semiwinterness material; Many phases can be divided to sow the material of indefinite Growth habit classification, can suitable late sowing to the kind being known as spring habit, each phase all should sow winter, spring habit check variety, at interval of 10 days sowing first phases, make the florescence between any wheat breed realize meeting, parent's utilization is done in phase mutual cross.
5. a kind of method that wheat breed Growth habit and florescence alternation meet of differentiating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: utilize the winter to warm up the not convenient main temperature control method of short place's field plot test wheat breed of plastic greenhoues: after sunset protecgulum straw mat, sunrise, to take straw mat off, noon carries out ceiling ventilation when temperature is more than 30 DEG C, keep plant growth in the suitable booth of canopy temperature, progressively stronger ventilation after the Ching Ming Festival, and take canopy film off in good time.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105165174A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-12-23 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for detection of wheat springness and winterness and photoperiod characteristics |
| CN105794479A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-07-27 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for utilizing plant heights to identify winterness strength of Brassica campestris L. |
| CN106034659A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-10-26 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for rapidly identifying winterness and springness of wheat indoors |
| CN106386147A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-02-15 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Method for improving parental hybridization flower synchronization of different varieties of wheat and application thereof |
| CN111990197A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-27 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Method for solving flowering asynchronism in peony crossbreeding |
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2015
- 2015-02-25 CN CN201510086804.2A patent/CN104686148B/en active Active
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105165174A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-12-23 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for detection of wheat springness and winterness and photoperiod characteristics |
| CN105165174B (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2018-01-26 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of method for detecting wheat Growth habit and photoperiod characteristic |
| CN105794479A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-07-27 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for utilizing plant heights to identify winterness strength of Brassica campestris L. |
| CN105794479B (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2019-01-18 | 甘肃农业大学 | A method of it is strong and weak using plant height identification Chinese cabbage type winter rape winter habit |
| CN106034659A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-10-26 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for rapidly identifying winterness and springness of wheat indoors |
| CN106386147A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-02-15 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Method for improving parental hybridization flower synchronization of different varieties of wheat and application thereof |
| CN106386147B (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2020-02-11 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Method for promoting meeting of different varieties of wheat parents in hybrid florescence and application thereof |
| CN111990197A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-27 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Method for solving flowering asynchronism in peony crossbreeding |
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