CN104684506A - 关节植入物 - Google Patents
关节植入物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104684506A CN104684506A CN201380048818.4A CN201380048818A CN104684506A CN 104684506 A CN104684506 A CN 104684506A CN 201380048818 A CN201380048818 A CN 201380048818A CN 104684506 A CN104684506 A CN 104684506A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- implant
- coating
- groove
- bone
- spine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002294 plasma sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000006386 Bone Resorption Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000037182 bone density Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000024279 bone resorption Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000011164 ossification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001054 cortical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002310 elbow joint Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000629 knee joint Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000963 osteoblast Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108090000723 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000013275 Somatomedins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001582 osteoblastic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001138 tear Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
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- A61F2002/3625—Necks
- A61F2002/3631—Necks with an integral complete or partial peripheral collar or bearing shoulder at its base
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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- A61F2310/00389—The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00389—The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
- A61F2310/00395—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of metals or of alloys
- A61F2310/00407—Coating made of titanium or of Ti-based alloys
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于植入骨中的关节植入物(1;100)。所述植入物包括:具有近侧段(11)和远侧段(15)的杆部(10),基本上沿着杆部(10)的纵向方向延伸的至少两个凹槽(12),至少部分地覆盖所述凹槽(12)的表面(14)的第一涂层(14),和脊部(13),其中所述脊部分别被形成在相邻的凹槽(12)之间。此外,脊部(13)的顶点表面(13a)的平均表面粗糙度低于第一涂层(14)的平均表面粗糙度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于植入骨中的关节植入物。所述植入物包括具有远端和近端的杆部以及至少两个凹槽,所述至少两个凹槽在所述凹槽之间形成脊部,其中所述凹槽基本上沿着杆部的纵向方向延伸。
背景技术
通常,有两种用于将关节植入物锚固在骨组织中的技术。第一种技术是由Charnley开发的,并且是基于骨水泥(PMMA)的,所述骨水泥作为用于将植入物固定在骨腔内的手段。然而,骨水泥可能由于只要患者运动便通过植入物传递的周期性负荷而遭受疲劳。
第二种技术是将具有骨引导表面的植入物插入骨腔中。这种骨引导表面促进周围骨组织的向内生长。这最终导致植入物被坚固地附着至骨组织。已表明,在没有使用骨水泥的情况下固定在骨内的植入物更少倾向于松动。
骨向内生长的过程尤其取决于骨组织和植入物的表面之间的接触条件。骨组织和植入物之间的接触通过制备总体上对应于植入物形状的骨腔而被建立。然而,植入物通常使用过盈配合而被插入骨腔中。因此,需要足够的骨密度来经受由过盈配合产生的力和由患者施加的日常负荷。此外,患者将必须在外科手术后的一天或两天内进行运动以防止对肌肉和腱的不利影响,这可能导致关节置换物的稳定性下降。
骨向内生长比通过使用PMMA对植入物进行固定花费相当多的时间。另外,紧接着外科手术之后的初期稳定性是关键的,以便防止对骨向内生长具有不利影响的微移动。然而,如果初期稳定性能够被提供,那么骨组织将与植入物形成耐久的界面。逐渐地,便发生从通过由上述的过盈配合或者压入配合产生的初期稳定性进行的锚固到通过由于骨向内生长而由骨组织坚固附着到植入物的表面而实现的后期稳定性进行的锚固的转变。
另外,接触条件还可以通过适应植入物的结构设计而被影响,例如通过改变其尺寸或表面结构以增大到皮质和/或松质骨组织的接触表面。在接触面积上的这种增大将导致作用在骨上的接触压力下降,避免了由于过度加载导致的骨再吸收或者断裂的发生。
此外,在插入方向上将锥形或者楔形的设计应用至植入物将导致所述植入物在骨组织内的压入配合。压入配合的目的是利用骨结构的弹性来产生与植入物的互锁。诸如肋部和凹槽的另外特征也可以被用来将植入物固定在骨中。
例如,US 2009/0299584 A1公开了一种植入物,其设有计划用来将植入物固定在位的脊部。此外,该植入物的杆部具有在被压入配合至骨腔中时提供初始稳定性的楔形状。US 2009/0299584 A1还公开了由钛珠制成的以便促进骨向内生长的涂层。EP 0 169 976被设计成通过提供被横向凹槽中断的纵向脊部的网络而改善骨向内生长。
通常,骨向内生长可以通过经机械和化学表面处理或者经施加涂层而提供骨引导和/或骨诱导表面而被改善。通常,这些表面改性通过提供增大的表面粗糙度而至少部分地促进骨向内生长。
总之,不使用骨水泥的情况下锚固植入物通常包含彼此互补的两个阶段。在第一阶段中,用于初期稳定性的压入配合被施加以便发起骨向内生长并在骨组织和植入物之间产生坚固界面,而这又提供后期的长期稳定性。
如果植入物在插入过程中更确切地沿着皮质和/或松质骨组织滑动的话,那么对于施加压入配合是有利的。一旦被配合至腔中,另外的压缩就被施加以便使周围骨组织弹性变形。对于形成压入配合而言,有利的是,植入物具有平滑表面以避免在植入过程中植入物表面在骨组织上的研磨效应。研磨效应可能通过损伤骨组织并释放骨组织的弹性压缩张力而导致减轻的压入配合。为抵消这种研磨效应,可能需要更高的插入力。力的这种增大可能局部地导致更高的压缩力和增大的骨再吸收,这又增大了植入物松动的风险。
尽管对于后期稳定性具有有利作用,但增大的表面粗糙度已证明在促进骨向内生长所需要的压入配合的形成过程中是不利的。因此,通过修改植入物的表面而实现初期的短期稳定性和后期的长期稳定性两者代表了必须得到解决的相抵触的目标。
发明内容
本发明解决了该目标问题并提供了一种植入物,其能够产生足够的初期稳定性并且同时具有促进骨向内生长以用于长期的后期稳定性的表面特性。根据本发明的植入物在独立权利要求1中被限定,并且其它方面和优选实施方式在从属权利要求中被限定。
特别地,本发明提供了用于植入骨中的关节植入物。所述关节植入物包括:具有近侧段和远侧段的杆部,基本上沿着杆部的纵向方向延伸的至少两个凹槽,至少部分地覆盖所述细长凹槽的表面的第一涂层,和脊部,所述脊部被形成在相邻的凹槽之间并具有顶点表面。脊部的顶点表面的平均表面粗糙度低于第一涂层的表面粗糙度。
顶点表面的表面粗糙度低于第一涂层的外部表面粗糙度具有的作用是,初期稳定性和后期稳定性的目标在植入物的具体的预定位置处被主要地实现。更特别地,在植入物的插入过程中脊部的顶点表面的较低的表面粗糙度主要导致骨组织的弹性压缩。不希望被理论所束缚的情况下,人们相信,能够使压入配合互锁在植入物和骨之间的张力的由于骨组织的损伤而导致的释放,通过相对平滑的顶点表面而得以避免。
顶点表面是脊部的背离植入物的表面。如果凹槽形成与所述脊部的边缘,那么顶点表面在其纵向侧面上被相邻的凹槽的边缘所限制。
将被理解的是,压入配合不仅可以通过脊部的顶点表面实现,而且可以通过至少近侧段的没有凹槽表面的整个外表面实现。假设植入物没有凹槽时形成围绕植入物的包络面的该表面在下文中将被称作包络面。换言之,包络面描述的是在没有任何细长凹槽的情况下将会存在的连续表面。当在表面粗糙度方面提到包络面时,将被理解的是,并不包括凹槽表面和/或第一涂层。
植入物具有在之间具有一个脊部的至少两个凹槽。将被理解的是,植入物也可以具有在之间具有两个脊部的三个凹槽,以及更优选地在之间具有三个脊部的四个凹槽。由于第一涂层的施加、凹槽的深度与宽度的比率和/或制造成本的缘故,如果凹槽的数目不超过十二个的话是有利的。此外,前述数目的凹槽优选地位于植入物的同一侧上。
位于细长凹槽的表面上的第一涂层被构造成通过具有比顶点表面高的平均表面粗糙度而促进骨组织向内生长。优选地,仅一层的第一涂层被施加。然而,也可以施加超过一层的第一涂层,诸如2层、3层、4层或者5层。
第一涂层是骨引导性的,即其被成骨细胞用作框架以扩展并生成新骨到其上。尽管第一涂层的表面粗糙度增大了接触的骨组织局部失效被导致的可能性,但初期稳定性仍然通过顶点表面与骨组织的过盈配合而得以保持。
在植入后并且作为康复过程的一部分,骨组织将开始附着其自身并开始生长至由骨引导性第一涂层提供的拓扑结构中。结果,增加的后期稳定性补充了由压入配合实现的锚固,并最终提供植入物到骨的坚固附着。
骨组织内的腔可以利用工具(诸如锉刀或铣削装置)进行制备。优选地,该腔对应于植入物的形状。然而,该工具可以被设计成使得骨腔稍微尺寸偏小而导致过盈配合,并且也可以是部分地尺寸偏大而导致与骨组织的相对低的或者甚至不接触。换言之,形成骨腔的工具的尺寸可以被适应成导致与第一涂层的表面的较小过盈量,其中至少所述近侧段的剩余表面承受更大过盈量。这样,存在于骨和植入物的表面之间的接触压力在第一涂层处比在包括脊部的顶点表面的剩余表面处小。
关于第一涂层,为该工具选择尺寸使得被构造成与第一涂层没有过盈量的骨腔被形成甚至可能是有利的。
在解剖学上,杆部的近侧段位于包括由皮质外壳包围的松质骨组织的骨的一部分中。另一方面,杆部的远侧段被设计成被安置在长骨的骨髓管中。
植入物的近侧段被构造成将作用在植入物上的关节负荷的主要份额传递至面对植入物的骨组织中。因此,力主要被引入靠近骨腔开口的骨组织中以防止应力遮挡的发生。在应力遮挡的过程中,骨的重构可能导致在近端处在骨腔开口的水平上的骨再吸收以及由于由远侧段传递的负荷的刺激而在远侧段的水平上的骨形成。结果可能是植入物的锚固的失效。
植入物的远侧段,即位于插入的方向上的那段,主要在插入过程中引导植入物并被构造成避免力传递至骨组织中。
优选地,第一涂层沿着每个凹槽的整个长度被施加。然而,可以涂覆凹槽的仅一部分。例如,如果所述凹槽延伸至杆部的远侧段中,那么第一涂层可以从凹槽的近端延伸直至近侧段的端部。换言之,第一涂层和凹槽仅被设置在近侧段内。因此,应力遮挡的风险被减小,因为作用在植入物上的负荷主要由近侧段的外表面传递。
同样地,不是每一个凹槽都必须被涂覆有第一涂层以达到上述的效果。尽管后期稳定性也可以由不具有施加到其的第一涂层的表面提供,但骨和植入物之间的界面的强度和刚度在所述第一涂层的区域中将较高,使得作用在植入物上的关节负荷将主要地在涂层存在之处被传递。于是,增大凹槽表面上的第一涂层的面积具有提高植入物的后期稳定性的优点。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方式中,凹槽的深度为至少1mm,优选至少2mm,甚至更优选至少3mm。
为细长的凹槽选择这一深度避免了可能对骨组织(即对凹槽中的皮质或者松质骨)造成的任何损伤影响面对顶点表面的骨的弹性压缩。否则,高的压缩力可能导致骨组织的再吸收,这又可能导致骨向内生长的延迟。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方式中,脊部具有的宽度使得凹槽的宽度与脊部的宽度的比率在0.5和5之间,优选在1.5和4之间。
凹槽和脊部的宽度之间比率的该范围已被发现提供了作用在面对顶点表面的骨上的负荷的充分分布。此外,该范围还为面对第一涂层的骨提供了接触面积,该接触面积能够引发足够的骨向内生长以用于永久地锚固植入物,即用于提供后期稳定性。
在另一个优选实施方式中,这些凹槽中的至少一个被设计成沿其纵向方向朝向近端和远端的至少之一敞开。
朝向远端敞开的凹槽允许在骨组织中形成这样的腔:其包括也在总体上遵循所述植入物的凹槽的轮廓的一种形状。结果,在插入植入物后骨组织将位于凹槽中。优选地,所有的凹槽都是朝向远端敞开的。
此外,朝向近端敞开的凹槽便于插入额外的骨材料或者骨移植材料,以便在与植入物的界面处增大骨密度。额外的骨材料已被发现能支撑康复过程和具有较高骨密度的骨组织的形成。此外,朝向植入物的近端敞开的凹槽为万一需要进行修正手术时用来帮助去除植入物的工具提供了界面。
向任一侧或两侧敞开的凹槽还使得所述凹槽的加工更容易,因此减少了制造成本。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方式中,这些凹槽中的至少一个的横截面是恒定的和/或在宽度上朝向脊部的顶点表面增大。
这导致了凹槽的侧面平行于脊部的顶点表面或包络面或者朝向其敞开,并导致了位于凹槽内的骨材料的恒定的或增加的横截面。于是,在关节负荷(特别是剪切力)的传递过程中的负荷分布能够被骨组织更好地适应,从而进一步增加了后期稳定性。另外,向骨组织的营养供应以及代谢物的去除得以改善。
在另一个优选实施方式中,脊部的顶点表面具有至少2.5μm的平均表面粗糙度。
顶点表面的平均表面粗糙度提高了其骨引导特性。因此,后期稳定性最终不仅由第一涂层提供而且在脊部的顶点表面上被提供。
顶点表面也可以具有小于2.5μm的,诸如至少1μm或者至少2μm的平均表面粗糙度。此外,顶点表面的平均表面粗糙度低于第一涂层的平均表面粗糙度。顶点的平均表面粗糙度可以具有12μm的、优选地9μm的、以及更优选地7μm的最大表面粗糙度。此外,表面粗糙度Ra优选地在从大约1μm到大约9μm的范围内,更优选地在从大约2.5μm到大约7μm的范围内。优选地,至少近侧段的剩余表面具有与所述顶点表面相同的特性。
至少2.5μm的平均表面粗糙度已被发现对于植入物的设计是有利的,因为骨引导性相比于抛光的表面被增大并且同时明显的磨损被避免。换言之,植入物在插入过程中在骨头上的摩擦并不会不利地影响骨组织,而长期地,该平均表面粗糙度也允许提供支撑后期稳定性的界面。此外,该平均表面粗糙度已被发现能提供用于第一涂层坚固附着在凹槽中的良好基础,并且因此还可以至少被用于凹槽的第一涂层的早期施加以节省制造成本。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方式中,凹槽的涂层为钛等离子溅射涂层,其优选地具有大约15μm到大约30μm的、更优选地大约20μm到大约25μm的平均表面粗糙度。
钛等离子溅射涂层因其骨引导特性(即促进骨向内生长)而闻名,并且同时具有不会被在植入物沿着皮质和/或松质骨组织插入的过程中出现的剪切力所折衷的结构完整性。此外,钛等离子溅射涂层是一种高度开发的制造技术,其允许第一涂层在凹槽表面上的选择性施加。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,第一涂层(14)具有200μm到500μm的厚度和/或20%到40%的孔隙率,各孔隙优选地具有从75μm到200μm的尺寸。
这些表面特性已知是对成骨细胞的骨形成活性有利的。甚至更优选的是250μm到350μm的涂层厚度,最优选为300μm。另外地或者替代地,孔隙率更优选地为25%到35%。各孔隙的尺寸应当大到足以允许成骨细胞在骨形成过程中通过进入这些孔隙而沉积骨。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,至少近侧段的表面具有第二涂层。
本实施方式的第二涂层具有的优点在于,其可以充当填充物使得杆部的被施加了第二涂层的那部分的最终表面比植入物的原始表面和/或第一涂层平滑。优选地,第二涂层除了是骨引导的外还是生物可吸收的。换言之,第二涂层促进骨向内生长并且在植入后被再吸收,即其被自然的骨组织所替代。由于这种再吸收,第一涂层的骨引导表面和/或植入物的具有第二涂层的剩余表面将被暴露,以进一步通过骨向内生长而促进植入物的附着。
第二涂层可以比第一涂层较不耐久。较不耐久在本发明中的意思是指第一涂层的一部分在插入过程中可以被磨损掉和/或涂层可以是随时间而可溶解的。
优选地,第二涂层位于杆部的近侧段中,但也可以覆盖远侧段的至少一部分。因此,一方面,在植入过程中第二涂层避免了骨组织的磨损以用于提高的初期稳定性,并且另一方面肯定地影响了后期稳定性的形成。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,植入物包括位于所述凹槽中的第一涂层与脊部的顶点表面之间的表面部分,其中所述表面部分具有与所述顶点表面相同的表面粗糙度。
因为初期稳定性是通过压入配合而实现的,在骨组织(特别是松质骨)的弹性压缩过程中脊部部分地进入该骨组织中,使得凹槽的与脊部的顶点表面或表面直接相邻的一部分也可以与骨组织形成接触。为防止已被压缩的组织被在与所述第一涂层接触的过程中可能出现的磨损所损伤,位于第一涂层和顶点表面之间的外周表面部分具有比第一涂层低的表面粗糙度。优选地,该外周表面部分具有与所述顶点表面相同的表面粗糙度。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方式中,脊部的纵向形状被设计成遵循植入物的插入轨迹。
一方面,这便于植入物的插入,因为这些脊部有助于在正确的轨迹上将植入物引导至腔中。这同样可以适用于各凹槽。另一方面,其还允许骨腔的被选择用于压入配合的一部分不与第一涂层形成接触。换言之,在插入过程中能够避免被第一涂层所经过的骨组织随后被具有减小的平均表面粗糙度的表面所经过,或者反之。
在另一个优选实施方式中,各凹槽被形成在所述植入物的相反侧上。
本实施方式提供了本发明的额外的锚固效应,该锚固效应由具有第一涂层的凹槽和植入物的相反侧上的具有较低表面粗糙度的顶点表面的组合而实现。通常优选的是将各凹槽设置在植入物的具有与骨组织的相对大的接触表面的一侧上。进一步优选的是将两个凹槽设置在所述植入物的相反侧的每一个上。凹槽的设置可以是对称的和/或可以根据关节负荷通过植入物到骨组织中的负荷传递而被适应。
在另一个优选实施方式中,植入物还包括形成在杆部的近端处的颈部段,并优选地包括凸缘,所述凸缘至少部分地包围所述颈部。
植入物的凸缘通过限制植入物直至预定深度的插入而支撑着植入物在骨内的定位。换言之,凸缘充当接触骨腔的外圆周以标记插入的终点的止挡部。因此,凸缘位于邻近杆部的近侧段处。这便于实现用于初期稳定性的预定的压入配合并避免了因插入植入物太远而损伤骨组织。
如果存在并不向近侧方向敞开的至少一个凹槽,那么凸缘优选地位于邻近该至少一个凹槽的近端处。在后一种情况中,所述至少一个凹槽近端以及凸缘都可以充当止挡部。
通常,根据本发明的关节植入物的设计优选被用于锚固动关节的至少部分置换物,特别是用于与具有骨髓管的至少一个长骨相邻的动关节。例如,本发明的特征可以被应用至人造髋关节、人造膝关节、人造踝关节、人造肩关节、人造腕关节、人造指关节和人造肘关节。
此外,
附图说明
附图描述了本发明的示例性实施方式。在这些图中,相同的特征或具有相同功能的特征由相同的附图标记指示。
图1示出了根据本发明的关节假体的第一实施方式的侧视图;以及
图2示出了根据本发明的关节假体的第二实施方式的侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的植入物1的第一优选实施方式。更特别地,图1示出了包括本发明的提高了初期稳定性和后期稳定性的特征的髋关节假体1的侧视图。尽管图1中的实施方式以及图2中的实施方式示出了髋关节假体的示例性实施方式,但本领域的技术人员将意识到本发明的原理和特征也可以应用至用于植入长骨中的其它的关节假体,诸如人造膝关节、人造踝关节、人造肩关节、人造腕关节、人造指关节、和人造肘关节。
图1的人造髋关节1在其近侧上包括颈部20并且远侧于所述颈部地包括杆部10。植入物1的杆部10包括近侧段11和远侧段15。
至少植入物1的近侧段11被设计成用于提供初期和后期稳定性以便将植入物锚固在骨组织(未示出)中。因此,近侧段11被定位和构造成在被植入后与松质和/或皮质骨组织接触。
另一方面,远侧段15优选地和首要地用于在插入已在长骨中准备好的骨腔过程中引导和定向植入物1。更特别地,远侧段15的尺寸被确定成在植入后位于长骨的骨髓管中。由于远侧段15的安置及其表面特性,远侧段15优选地不被构造成提供后期稳定性。
远侧段15可以在其远端处设有重定向表面30,其关于植入物1的纵向轴线2倾斜一角度α。远侧段15的横截面,如果排除具有重定向表面30的那段的话,也是朝远侧方向减小。然而,至少在排除了凹槽12的时候,远侧段15在横截面方面的减小小于近侧段11从其近端到其远端在横截面方面的减小。
所述凹槽12的主要部分优选地位于近侧段11中。各细长的凹槽12在植入物1的纵向轴线2的方向上延伸,即沿近侧-远侧方向延伸。优选地,凹槽的走向大致平行于彼此,即除了端部部分外,其中在端部部分处凹槽的横截面由于在其纵向方向上敞开或者在植入物的材料内终止而改变。
脊部13分别被形成在所述凹槽12之间。优选地,脊部13的顶点表面或者表面13a与植入物1的杆部10的包络面平齐。该包络面为所述植入物1的在不考虑凹槽12(即植入物1被假定为没有凹槽12)时的外表面。
图1中,凹槽12与顶点表面13a的宽度在包络面的高度处的比率是大约2.5:1,除了凹槽12的端部部分以外。这落入了如上面针对优选实施方式之一所述的范围中,该范围优选地在0.5和5之间并且更优选地在1.5和4之间。
图1中的凹槽12a是不连续的凹槽,其朝向远端敞开但朝向近端封闭。凹槽12a可以替代或者辅助如针对图2中的植入物100所示并在下面详细描述的凸缘14的功能。更特别地,当将植入物1插入至骨腔中时,凹槽12a的近端可以充当限制植入物1插入长骨中的深度的止挡部。
如对于凹槽12b可以看出的,根据本发明的凹槽12也可以敞开至任一端或两端,即在远侧和在近侧。朝向其远端敞开的凹槽12通常便于总体上对应于植入物1的杆部10的形状的骨腔的准备。于是,植入物1的凹槽12将优选面对骨组织的对应地形成的突起。如果凹槽12朝近侧方向敞开,诸如凹槽12b,那么该开口可以被用来插入另外的骨材料诸如自体骨材料或者骨移植材料以便在与植入物1的界面处增大骨密度。此外,倘若进行修正手术的话,凹槽12的近侧开口也可以通过提供可以将工具结合到的结构界面而帮助移除植入物1。
如在图1中所示的各凹槽12的端部处可以看出的,由于植入物1(在远端处)的总体形状或包络面或者通过在植入物的邻近侧(此处:植入物1的近侧)上退出/开口,凹槽12的横截面可以逐渐地减小。凹槽12存在于植入物1的至少一个侧面上,优选在具有与骨组织的最大接触表面的那个侧面上。于是,在图1和2中所示的植入物(即人造髋关节)的示例性实施方式中,有两个侧面具有大接触表面,即植入物1的前侧面和后侧面。换言之,各凹槽优选被包括在图1中所示的植入物1的杆部10中在植入物1的两个侧面上,即指向读者的那个侧面和背离读者的那个侧面。
因此,具有形成在相反侧上的凹槽12之间的表面或者顶点表面13a的脊部13也可以被称作脊部13。然而,在脊部13跨越植入物的至少两侧的这种情况下,至少关于脊部13和凹槽12之间的宽度比方面的限制不适用。尽管如此,这些脊部13优选地具有与位于植入物同一侧上的脊部13的顶点表面13a相同的表面特性。
植入物1的凹槽12优选地具有至少1mm的深度,更优选地为至少2mm,或者甚至更优选地为至少3mm。在凹槽的表面上,施加有第一涂层14,其为植入物1提供了促进骨向内生长的外表面。第一涂层14可以完全覆盖凹槽12的表面,或者像在图1中那样覆盖这种凹槽的一部分。在这方面,优选的是,第一涂层14至少在近侧段11中覆盖凹槽表面的至少50%,更优选地至少70%,最优选地至少80%。
在一个优选实施方式中并且如图1中所示,凹槽12可以具有沿着凹槽12的没有施加第一涂层14的周边延伸的外周表面部分16。如上面已经描述的,这防止了处于紧挨着脊部13的顶点表面13a处的骨组织在插入植入物时受到损坏。因此,对于压入配合(其对初期稳定性负责)的不利影响的风险至少被减少。
一般地,耐久的涂层将被选择为第一涂层14,其能够经得住在将植入物1插入骨腔中时施加在涂层上的剪切力。换言之,第一涂层被构造成在植入到长骨中的过程中或者在此之后不损耗。在植入过程中或者在植入后其也应当不溶解。第一涂层14为骨引导涂层。优选地,第一涂层14为钛等离子溅射的涂层。
此外,第一涂层14具有比脊部13的顶点表面13a高的平均表面粗糙度(Ra)。更特别地,第一涂层14的表面具有大约15μm到大约30μm、优选大约20μm到大约25μm的表面粗糙度。
另一方面,顶点表面13a具有大约1μm到9μm、优选大约2.5μm到7μm的表面粗糙度Ra。优选地,顶点表面13a的表面粗糙度也适用于例如植入物1的至少近侧段11的剩余表面,以便提供构造用于当第一涂层被施加时所述涂层的牢固附着的表面。在这方面,至少2.5μm的平均表面粗糙度作为第一涂层的基础是优选的。
如上面已经描述的,第一涂层14的增大的平均表面粗糙度促进骨向内生长以便达到后期稳定性。相比之下,脊部的表面的平均表面粗糙度首要地便于植入物的插入而不导致损伤骨组织。优选地,这也适用于植入物1的至少近侧段11的剩余包络面。关于由第一涂层14和脊部13的顶点表面13a以及至少近侧段11的剩余包络面之间的相互作用造成的影响,其归因于上面的描述。
尽管图1中未示出,但另外地促进骨向内生长的第二涂层可以被施加到植入物表面。第二涂层将至少被施加到包括凹槽表面和/或第一涂层的近侧段15。优选地,第二涂层被施加到杆部10的整个表面。
第二涂层可以具有骨诱导性质,即骨向内生长通过提供生长因子而被额外地或替代地刺激,以便通过化学信号触发或者支持骨形成或骨向内生长。
图1中所示的植入物1的材料为钛合金。钛因其高生物相容性以及其用于骨向内生长的有利特性而闻名。然而,可以使用现有技术中已知的其它的合金来制造根据本发明的植入物1。
图2示出了根据本发明的植入物的第二实施方式。相同的特征或者具有相同功能的特征用相同的附图标记表示。因此,对这些特征的详细描述不进行重复。图2中所示的植入物100的一个结构差异是凸缘140和从近侧段11贯穿远侧段15到植入物100的远侧末端延伸的凹槽12d。优选地,凹槽12d的位于远侧段15中的部分不具有施加到其的第一涂层。
凸缘140在将植入物100插入到骨腔中时充当止挡部。如果骨腔被形成为对应于植入物100的至少近侧段11的形状,那么各凹槽12将至少部分地接纳骨组织。如在图2中所示,细长的凹槽中的三个在近侧一直延伸到凸缘140。由于它们在近侧方向上并未敞开,因而除了凸缘140外这些凹槽12也充当止挡部。因此,在凸缘140的顶部上并且像植入物1的在前实施方式那样,凹槽12在植入过程中帮助实现植入物100的预定的压入配合,使得至少作用在面对脊部13的顶点表面13a的骨组织上的表面压力被防止越过预定的阈值,从而导致不利的骨再吸收和松动风险。
独立于具体实施方式中的任何实施方式或者权利要求书之外,植入物的杆部的近侧段被设置成靠近关节表面,而远侧段被设置成远离关节表面。还将被理解的是,植入物的形状优选地由各凹槽形成。然而,通过将肋部附着到关节植入物的表面上而形成所述凹槽也是可行的。
Claims (13)
1.用于植入骨中的关节植入物(1;100),其包括:
具有近侧段(11)和远侧段(15)的杆部(10);
基本上沿着杆部(10)的纵向方向延伸的至少两个凹槽(12);
至少部分地覆盖所述细长的凹槽(12)的表面(14)的第一涂层(14);和
脊部(13),所述脊部被形成在相邻的凹槽(12)之间并具有顶点表面(13a);
其中所述顶点表面(13a)的平均表面粗糙度低于第一涂层(14)的平均表面粗糙度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植入物(1;100),
其中所述凹槽(12)具有至少1mm、优选至少2mm、更优选至少3mm的深度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物(1;100),
其中所述脊部具有的宽度使得凹槽(12)的宽度与脊部(13)的宽度的比率在0.5和5之间,优选在1.5和4之间。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的植入物(1;100),其中凹槽(12)中的至少一个被设计成在其纵向方向上朝向近端和远端的至少之一敞开。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的植入物(1;100),其中凹槽(12)中的至少一个的横截面是恒定的和/或在宽度上朝向脊部(13)的顶点表面(13a)增大。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的植入物(1;100),其中脊部(13)的顶点表面(13a)具有至少2.5μm的平均表面粗糙度。
7.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的植入物(1;100),其中凹槽(12)的第一涂层(14)为钛等离子溅射涂层,其优选地具有大约15μm到大约30μm的平均表面粗糙度,更优选地具有大约20μm到大约25μm的平均表面粗糙度。
8.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的植入物(1;100),其中第一涂层(14)具有200μm到500μm的厚度和/或20%到40%的孔隙率,各孔隙优选地具有75μm到200μm的尺寸。
9.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的植入物(1;100),其中近侧段(11)表面的至少一部分具有第二涂层。
10.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的植入物(1;100),其还包括位于所述凹槽(12)中的第一涂层(14)与脊部(13)的顶点表面(13a)之间的表面部分(16),其中表面部分(16)优选地具有与所述顶点表面(13a)相同的表面粗糙度。
11.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的植入物(1;100),其中脊部(13)的纵向形状被设计成遵循植入物(1;100)的插入轨迹。
12.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的植入物(1;100),其中凹槽(12)被形成在所述植入物(1;100)的相反侧上。
13.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的植入物(1;100),其还包括形成在杆部(10)的近端处的颈部段(20)并优选地包括凸缘(140),所述凸缘至少部分地包围所述颈部段(20)。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12185404.6 | 2012-09-21 | ||
EP12185404.6A EP2710982B1 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2012-09-21 | Joint implant |
PCT/EP2013/068698 WO2014044574A1 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2013-09-10 | Joint implant |
Publications (2)
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CN104684506A true CN104684506A (zh) | 2015-06-03 |
CN104684506B CN104684506B (zh) | 2018-10-09 |
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CN201380048818.4A Expired - Fee Related CN104684506B (zh) | 2012-09-21 | 2013-09-10 | 关节植入物 |
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US (1) | US20150245912A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2710982B1 (zh) |
JP (3) | JP2015529119A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102039072B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104684506B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2013320423B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112015005788B1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2603562T3 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL237584A0 (zh) |
IN (1) | IN2015DN03295A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2655878C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2014044574A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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CN114786625A (zh) * | 2019-12-16 | 2022-07-22 | 沃尔德马连接两合公司 | 用于永久固定的结合剂保持的植入物柄 |
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WO2007109340A2 (en) | 2006-03-21 | 2007-09-27 | Axiom Orthopaedics, Inc. | Femoral and humeral stem geometry and implantation method for orthopedic joint reconstruction |
EP2604226A1 (en) | 2011-10-31 | 2013-06-19 | Tornier Orthopedics Ireland Ltd. | Modular reverse shoulder prosthesis |
EP2710982B1 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2016-08-31 | WALDEMAR LINK GmbH & Co. KG | Joint implant |
KR102220764B1 (ko) | 2012-10-29 | 2021-03-02 | 토니어 올쏘피딕스 아일랜드 엘티디 | 역형 견관절 임플란트 시스템 |
GB2534141A (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2016-07-20 | Imp Innovations Ltd | Hip stem |
EP3445292B1 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2022-12-21 | Imascap SAS | Pre-operatively planned humeral implant and planning method |
DE102017201666A1 (de) * | 2017-02-02 | 2018-08-02 | Waldemar Link Gmbh & Co. Kg | Gelenkimplantatkomponente mit einer Fixationsstruktur für Weichteilgewebe |
FR3063216B1 (fr) * | 2017-02-27 | 2019-03-22 | Fournitures Hospitalieres Industrie | Gamme de tiges femorales prothetiques |
CN107582219A (zh) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-01-16 | 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 | 肩关节肱骨柄假体 |
US10945626B2 (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2021-03-16 | Biosense Webster (Israel) Ltd. | Catheter with staggered electrodes spine assembly |
USD938590S1 (en) | 2019-10-01 | 2021-12-14 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Humeral implant |
US20240268962A1 (en) * | 2023-02-10 | 2024-08-15 | Waldemar Link Gmbh & Co. Kg | Joint implant with a porous structure |
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-
2012
- 2012-09-21 EP EP12185404.6A patent/EP2710982B1/en active Active
- 2012-09-21 ES ES12185404.6T patent/ES2603562T3/es active Active
-
2013
- 2013-09-10 AU AU2013320423A patent/AU2013320423B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-09-10 CN CN201380048818.4A patent/CN104684506B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-09-10 JP JP2015532368A patent/JP2015529119A/ja active Pending
- 2013-09-10 KR KR1020157010293A patent/KR102039072B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-09-10 US US14/428,224 patent/US20150245912A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-09-10 RU RU2015114776A patent/RU2655878C2/ru active
- 2013-09-10 WO PCT/EP2013/068698 patent/WO2014044574A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-09-10 BR BR112015005788-8A patent/BR112015005788B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2015
- 2015-03-05 IL IL237584A patent/IL237584A0/en unknown
- 2015-04-20 IN IN3295DEN2015 patent/IN2015DN03295A/en unknown
-
2018
- 2018-05-08 JP JP2018089836A patent/JP2018118140A/ja active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-09-11 JP JP2020153207A patent/JP2020195876A/ja active Pending
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US20070118229A1 (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2007-05-24 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Fluted sleeve hip prosthesis for modular stem |
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CN202154768U (zh) * | 2011-06-29 | 2012-03-07 | 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材股份有限公司 | 骨量保留型股骨柄假体 |
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CN114786625A (zh) * | 2019-12-16 | 2022-07-22 | 沃尔德马连接两合公司 | 用于永久固定的结合剂保持的植入物柄 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014044574A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
ES2603562T3 (es) | 2017-02-28 |
RU2655878C2 (ru) | 2018-05-29 |
AU2013320423A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
RU2015114776A (ru) | 2016-11-10 |
EP2710982A1 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
IN2015DN03295A (zh) | 2015-10-09 |
KR102039072B1 (ko) | 2019-10-31 |
JP2018118140A (ja) | 2018-08-02 |
KR20150059175A (ko) | 2015-05-29 |
JP2015529119A (ja) | 2015-10-05 |
US20150245912A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
EP2710982B1 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
BR112015005788A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
CN104684506B (zh) | 2018-10-09 |
IL237584A0 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
AU2013320423B2 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
JP2020195876A (ja) | 2020-12-10 |
BR112015005788B1 (pt) | 2021-02-17 |
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