CN104664173B - Efficient environment-friendly antibiotic-free compound feed for piglets - Google Patents
Efficient environment-friendly antibiotic-free compound feed for piglets Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient environment-friendly antibiotic-free compound feed for piglets. In parts by weight, the efficient environment-friendly antibiotic-free compound feed for piglets comprises 20-70 parts of corns, 10-70 parts of sorghum, 10-22 parts of bean pulp, 3-10 parts of DDGS, 0-15 parts of soybean oil, 0-10 parts of rice bran, 0-8 parts of bran, 2 parts of multi-vitamin multi-mineral substance additive premix, 0.1-0.3 part of an acidifying agent and 0.1-0.3 part of a piglet feed antibiotic-free additive. The efficient environment-friendly antibiotic-free compound feed is free of any growth promoting antibiotic and has the advantages of improving the feed digestibility, improving the piglet growth performance, improving the swinery immunity level and decreasing the diarrhea incidence rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of fodder, more particularly, to a kind of small swine feed of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive.
Background technology
With continuing to develop for aquaculture, environmental bearing capacity close to the limit, with breeding spaces, soil it is increasingly tight
Lack and pollution is aggravated, aquaculture is faced with heavy pressure and bottleneck, and this directly results in a series of problems that cultivation occurs, especially
It is the most pig-breeding industries of consumption, faces that herd immunity is low, anti-stress ability declines at present, disease takes place frequently, cultivation effect
It is beneficial low, cultivation risk phenomenon high.And numerous raisers are usually taken and largely use antibiotic to retrieve economic losses
Method prevents and treats the various diseases of swinery, and the use of excessive and excess antibiotic result in antibiotic residue, disease again
A series of social concerns (Pan Xuenan etc., 2000) such as bacterium drug resistance enhancing.Antibiotic is to find antibiotic pair from 20th century mid-term
Since animal has the effect for promoting growth, guarantee health and resist the disease, antibiotic is always as feed addictive in herding
Extensive use in production, peak is reached to 20 century 70s.At the same time, due to the long-term use of antibiotic, its negative work
Report is constantly suggested, and such as pathogen produces the host of drug resistance, livestock products medicament residue, people as drug resistance flora
Deng, antibiotic is increasingly highlighted the drawbacks of animal husbandry is used, therefore European Union began to disable antibiotic on January 1st, 2006
Used in feed.
Advocating today of green cultivation and food security, it would be desirable to exploitation find substitute antibiotics it is green, safe,
Efficiently, environmental protection, the feed addictive of noresidue, to ensure the fast-growth of pork pig and meet the food-safe need of consumer
Ask.On the one hand we will ensure " vegetable basket " rich and sufficient meat product intake of its people, and on the one hand we reach ring again
The friendly healthy benign aquaculture model in border, you can the aquaculture of sustainable development.Therefore, finding one kind can improve Swinery immunity
Power, premunition, the study hotspot of the new product of substitute antibiotics into animal nutrition in recent years.
The content of the invention
According to above technical problem, present invention firstly provides a kind of piglet feed nonreactive addition for substitute antibiotics
Agent, by weight, including 0~300 part of antibacterial peptide, 50~150 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 100~300 parts of bacillus subtilis, lichens
100~300 parts of bacillus, 0~150 part of VREF, 100~300 parts of allicin, 100~200 parts of capsicim, origanum oil
100~300 parts, 0~200 part of phytosterol, and with powdered rice hulls as carrier.
Preferably, described antibacterial peptide, VREF and/or phytosterol addition are not 0.
A kind of small swine feed of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive is disclosed in addition, by weight, including 20~70 parts, sorghum 10
~70 parts, 10~22 parts of dregs of beans, 3~10 parts of DDGS, 0~15 part of soya-bean oil, 0~10 part of rice bran, 0~8 part of wheat bran, Multi-vitamin and multi-mineral
2 parts of additive pre-composition, 0.1~0.3 part of acidulant and 0.1~0.3 part above-mentioned of piglet feed nonreactive additive.
Preferably.Described acidulant is lactic acid, fumaric acid and citric acid.
Other products are the product that market is routinely bought.
Further, there is provided a kind of above-mentioned small swine feed of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive is in piggy diarrhea rate is reduced
Using.
Further, there is provided a kind of above-mentioned small swine feed of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive is improving daily gain, feed intake
Or the application in material ratio.
The present invention has the following effects that：
1., without any growth promotion antibiotic, the invention has and improves feed digestibility, improve small pig growth performance,
Swinery immunity power level is improved, the high-quality mixed feed of Incidence of Diarrhea is reduced.
2. the present invention is without any antibiotic growth-promoting additive, green, environmental protection, noresidue, antibiotic-free drug resistance
Problem.
3. the present invention improves swinery resistance against diseases and immunity, reduces the generation of the incidence of disease and diarrhoea in breeding process
Rate.
4. the present invention can reach and exceed antibiotic with antibiotic growth-promoting additive identical growth-promoting effect, growth performance
Class medicated feed additive.
Plant extracts additives industries are that last decade grows up, and are and in medicine, fine chemistry industry, agricultural industry
Between an edge industry.At present, plant extracts generally refers to be with plant as raw material, according to the final products to extracting
The need for purposes, by physics, chemical extraction separation process, orientation obtain and concentration plant in it is a certain or various effectively into
Point, without changing the product that its active ingredient structure is formed, it can be measured, and stable content, to animal and people
Class does not have any toxicity, and proves that the feed addictive of breeding performonce fo animals can be improved by animal experiment.Lot of domestic and foreign
The research of scholar shows that plant extracts is because can effectively suppress pathogen, regulation and control animal and bird intestines microbiota, strengthen immune
Function, and substitute antibiotics are applied to as livestock and poultry growth accelerator extensive use, in terms of antibacterial, sterilization, stop dysentery grass (wild marjoram
Grass), leaf mustard, the extract of garlic act on most strong Gionee will (2009).
Allicin is a kind of volatility grease extracted from the spherical bulb of plant garlic, containing various pi-allyls
Organic sulfur compound, is mainly made up of diallyl disulphide and Diallytrisin.Ethanol, benzene, ether etc. can be dissolved in organic
Solvent, is slightly soluble in water, in acid condition, is difficult to be decomposed, relatively stable.But under the conditions of meta-alkali, two sulphur in allicin
Key can occur to be broken and bring it about hydrolysis.Allicin also has hot instability, when temperature is raised, can occur allicin
Elimination reaction causes disulfide bonds, so as to cause to decompose.Disulfide, trithioether in allicin can pass through pathogenic bacteria
Cell membrane enter cytoplasm in, will contain sulfydryl oxydasis be cystine linkage, destroy pathogenic bacteria eubolism, make to cause a disease
The sulfydryl inactivation of bacterium, suppresses pathogenic bacteria growth and breeding.Therefore, allicin has very strong to Gram-positive and negative bacterium and fungi
Inhibitory action.Additionally, allicin has unique smell, the sense of taste of energy stimulating animal increases the feed intake of animal.Allicin
Gastric secretion and gastrointestinal peristalsis can also be increased, nutrient digestion is stimulated appetite and promote, and then promote growth of animal.Li Guang
(2009) such as fortune add 200mg/kg allicins and 400mg/kg terramycin in piglet diet, as a result show, allicin group is young
Pig gaining effect, price of deed etc. are not only substantially better than basal diet group, are also advantageous over terramycin group.Liu Chaoliang etc. (2009) is studied
It has been shown that, after weaned piglet the 7th day and the 14th day serum low-density LP of 0.01% allicin addition group piglet, total courage it is solid
Alcohol and glucose content ratio is above control group, and 0.01% allicin group and 0.07% antibiotic group serum urea nitrogen contain after wean
Amount is below control group.Allicin group thyroxine T3 (FT3), insulin-like growth factor-i and FT3/FT4 are all remarkably higher than
Control group, but it is not notable with antibiotic group difference.Wang Jianhui and Liu Chunzhi (2007) add 200mg/kg's in piglet diet
Allicin, do not it is found that piglet falls ill, and piglet stool colour is shallower, excrement surface mosquitos and flies amount is less.These results suggest that, allicin
Part antibiotic can be substituted in piglet production.In growing and fattening pigs, addition allicin can improve the growth of growing and fattening pigs
Energy and feed conversion rate, improve meat quality.Xing Chengjun etc. (2005) adds allicin in the feed in growing-finishing pigs later stage
100mg/kg and 200mg/kg results find that the daily gain of each addition group, daily ingestion amount and feed conversion rate are above control group
And antibiotic group.Chen Wei etc. (2009) adds 5% fresh garlic in the daily ration of growing-finishing pig, as a result shows, with storage after pig government official
The extension of time is deposited, muscle SOD activity is gradually reduced, and MDA contents are gradually increasing, each storage life muscle SOD activity is consistently higher than
Control group, MDA contents are consistently lower than control group.Each experiment system water rate, dry, intramuscular fat and gross protein value are obvious
Higher than control group, and the drip loss of muscle, cooking loss, shear force are then less than control group.
Origanum oil is a kind of volatile oil by being extracted in natural plants wild marjoram grass.Wild marjoram also known as south Sinkiang ziziphora herb, stop dysentery grass, be
Labiatae Origanum herbaceos perennial.Wild marjoram is mainly distributed on Mediterranean to Central Asia North America, north African and China mostly
Area, is born in hillside, shrubbery, roadside, meadow, border and the sylvan life of 500~3600m height above sea level.Wild marjoram taste is pungent is cool in nature, nontoxic, can be with
All herbal medicine, there is clearing heat and detoxicating, qi-regulating dampness elimination inducing diuresis to remove edema.Origanum oil has very strong antibacterial, sterilized and anti-corrosion anti-
Oxidation, has significant curative effect in terms of livestock and poultry alimentary tract bacteriosis is prevented and treated.Origanum oil is a kind of mixture, main
It is phenols to want composition, belongs to alkaloid, and active ingredient is mainly Thymol, carvacrol, γ-terpinenes and ρ-cymene,
It is Thymol and carvacrol that wherein antibacterial activity is most strong, and γ-terpinenes and ρ-cymene are then in biosynthesis hundred
The precursor of fragrant phenol and perfume Jing Qin phenol, it may have antimicrobial acivity.Content of the above-mentioned four kinds of compositions in wild marjoram grass is because of different plants
The factor such as strain position, harvest season, time and geographical position and difference.In addition, also containing laurene, α-pine in origanum oil
The terpenes such as oily alkene, linalool, cumic acid, terpene alcohol and aliphatic ketone, cyclo other compounds etc., also have certain physiology to make to body
With.Zheng Hongwei etc. adds aureomycin, origanum oil respectively in piglet diet, as a result shows that the diarrhea rate for adding origanum oil group is far low
In control group and addition aureomycin group.In the influence research in origanum oil to intestine of young pigs microorganism species such as Chen Huiliang, draw
150mg/kg is pressed in the basal diet of piglet and adds 10% origanum oil pre-mixing agent, the intestinal microflora of piglet can be improved
Structure, improves body resistance against diseases.Yellow state waits clearly report to be tested with origanum oil and aureomycin+flavomycoin, as a result shows, ox
Though the performance to oily group in daily gain, meat feed ratio, income is not so good as aureomycin+flavomycoin, aureomycin group is significantly better than.This explanation
Origanum oil can significantly improve piglet daily gain, reduce feedstuff-meat ratio, can in piglet diet substitute antibiotics.Wang Li etc.
Report in piglet diet, origanum oil can to a certain extent replace the use of antibiotic.In sum, origanum oil conduct
A kind of novel fodder additive, can play in the maintenance of intestinal health and fast and effectively act on, it is suppressed that pathogenic microorganism
Growth, be conducive to maintain enteron aisle microecological balance.Having a extensive future in husbandry sector, can not only avoid because of length
Side effect and the generation of antibody-resistant bacterium that phase is brought using antibiotic, can also provide more sufficient animal food for people
Product, promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry.
Capsicim (capsaicin) is to be widely present in Solanaceae capsicum plants, especially pimiento (chilipepper)
In a kind of vanilla amide alkaloid, be the main source of capsicum acid and pharmic function.In recent years, it is increasing to learn
Person starts to inquire into feasibility of the capsicim as Substitutes For Antibiotic, and has done many trials, it is found that capsicim has antibacterial, resists
It is scorching, whet the appetite, promote to digest, enhance immunity the features such as (kym etc., 2009；Hwang etc., 2008；Harada, Okajima,
2007).In 6~July arnotto, ripe pimiento contains abundant capsicim to pimiento, account for capsicum dry weight 0.2%~
1.0%, capsicim including capsaicine, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin etc. 14 kinds it is same
It is thing (being shown in Table 1), each peppery degree of material is not quite similar.Capsicim is water insoluble, is soluble in methyl alcohol, ethanol, benzene, acetone, chloroform etc.
In organic solvent, irritative gas (Wang Jianping, 1996) is produced under high temperature.
The composition and Shi Gaoweier indexes of the capsicim of table 1
Note：Data source Marilyn (2002)
Research show capsicim is absorbed in alimentary canal rapidly, complete, absorptivity is high, security is good, do not develop immunity to drugs
The characteristics of.Manzanilla etc. (2009) research reports, addition 200mg/kg capsicims can be improved in 20 age in days Piglet Diets
The digestibility of diet protein, and intestine of young pigs Bacillus acidi lactici quantity substantially increases, and harmful bacteria breeding is suppressed, and then promotees
Enter piglet health.
Phytosterol also known as phytosterol, are a kind of natural active matters, belong to plant sex steroid compound, are plant cells
The part of film, is widely present in the root of plant, stem, leaf, fruit and seed.Wherein, vegetable oil, seed, nut, cereal
And content is enriched the most in beans.It is used for the extensive pass that animal productiong has been subject to people as a kind of novel fodder additive
Note, result of study shows that phytosterol can not only reduce cholesterol, also with enhancing protein synthesis, regulation and control fat metabolism, double
To regulation parahormone, promote growth of animal and health, improving Animal product quality (reduces cholesterol level；Improve yellowish pink, meat；
Improve the animal products storage period such as pig) effect.Zhou Baolan (1992) researchs find that in animal body, phytosterol is (mainly
Sitosterol) combined closely by with lipid (molecular film can be formed in water), phytosterol ribonucleoprotein complex is formed, should
Compound physical efficiency promotes animal protein synthesis, can well promote the healthy growth of animal, is a kind of new promoting animal growth
Agent.Jia Daihan (2005) is once entered with 0,15 and 30mg/kg, 3 mass concentration gradients to addition phytosterol in growth swine rationses
Row feeding experiment.Research finds, compared with control group, the test group of 15 and 30mg/kg phytosterols obtains good
Productivity effect, the quality that averagely increases day by day be respectively increased 12.16% and 7.14%, F/C be then respectively increased 2.56% and 7.10%.It is another
Aspect, the economic benefit of 15 and 30mg/kg test groups is also significantly improved.Maitani etc. (1995) is also by rat test
Prove, phytosterol to stress under the conditions of the growth of animal there is good improvement result.Additionally, phytosterol has dividing again
Effect with body fat.Luo Youwen etc. (2009) was once reported, to phytosterol is added in Diet For Finishing Pig, in reduction skin ratio
While rate, lean meat percentage (p ＜ 0.05) is significantly improved, and with trend (the p ＞ of raising average increase day by day quality and carcass lean meat percentage
0.05).It is also to realize that green safety is raiseeed many studies have shown that plant extracts has important effect in animal productiong
Herd one of Main way of aquaculture development；
Numerous studies show that probiotic products are as a kind of nontoxic, noresidue, without drug-fast feed addictive, to carrying
Feed digestibility high, the breeding for suppressing harmful intestinal tract flora has remarkable result, especially shares the probiotics of difference in functionality, can
With mutually collaboration in animal body, the nutrition supply of comprehensive, efficient intestine microenvironment and abundance, enhancing body is produced to exempt from
Epidemic disease power, improves production performance.It is lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, dung intestines that actual production application is more
Coccus；Research shows that bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, VREF can act synergistically, and after being colonized in enteron aisle, can tie up
Hold the balance of intestinal microflora, suppress the growth of pernicious bacteria, reduce bacteriotoxin to the destruction of body (thank to refined pretty young woman etc.,
2010).Meanwhile, three kinds of probiotics can also secrete the swinery such as substantial amounts of digestive ferment, B family vitamin, small peptide, amino acid enteron aisle battalion
Support material.Therefore probiotics has raising immunologic function, strengthens premunition, improves nutritive digestibility, improves production performance,
Reduce enviromental ammonia, the function (Li Zhu etc., 2010) of part substitute antibiotics.
Lactic acid bacteria has nutrition, antibacterial, immune and enteron aisle defencive function, there is preferable application effect on pork pig, its master
It is a kind of important antibacterial material to want metabolite-lactic acid, and lactic acid content increases, and can reduce the pH in metabolism environment, is suppressed
With the low acid resistance pathogen (Servin, 2004) of killing.Lactic acid bacteria can also suppress common pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli,
Growth (Zhang Liping and the Wang Yongsheng, 2007 of Salmonella choleraesuls and staphylococcus aureus；Wang Yongsheng and Song Jie, 2007),
Increase the quantity (Feng Shanglian etc., 2011) of beneficial bacteria of intestinal tract.Yuan Shulin etc. (2011) is tried in seed selection excellent food additive strain
Test middle discovery, the metabolite of Bacillus acidi lactici 28h can produce obvious inhibition zone to Escherichia coli, inhibition zone diameter 11.0~
18.0mm.The antibacterial materials such as H2O2, bacteriocin can be also produced in lactic acid bacteria metabolic process, this antibacterial for greatly enhancing lactic acid bacteria is lived
Property.After lactic acid bacteria enters animal intestinal tract, non-specificity is carried out by bacterium surface active component and enteron aisle and is sticked, preferentially occupy intestines
Road sticks site, after field planting, the active component regulating intestinal canal immunologic function (Wang Haifeng that lactic acid bacteria is secreted by its phage surface
Deng 2012).Voltan etc. (2008) researchs find that the H2O2 of lactic acid bacteria secretion can induce intestines as a kind of signal transducers
Road epithelium peroxisome propagation, triggers the activation of receptor y (PPAR- γ), so that directly regulation epithelial cell is to enteritis
The immune response of disease.Su Guangwei etc. (2006) researchs find that it is thin that Bacillus acidi lactici peptide glycan can improve stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophage
In born of the same parents inflammatory cytokine IL-1, TNF-α and in SPL IFN-γ secretion.Zhang Changming etc. (2006) research reports,
Lactobacillus preparation is added in pig starter feed can improve level and the lymphocyte transformation of IgG, IgA, IgM, T4 and IGF-I in serum
Rate.Zhang Lingqi (2008) adds 0.1% lactobacillus preparation in piglet diet, and serum albumin levels improve 22.24%, blood
C3, C4, IgA and IgG level are respectively increased 37.84%, 25.00%, 25.43% and 16.48%, and significant difference (P ＜ in clear
0.05).He Ying etc. (2011) adds 0.2%NS compound lactobacillus in weanling pig feed, IgM contents and interference in serum
Plain INF- γ contents are respectively increased 19.7% and 10.2%, and antibody against swine fever virus positive rate improves 33.3%, significant difference (P ＜
0.05), illustrate that NS compound lactobacillus preparation, to improving piglet humoral immunity, maintains swine fever, the Pseudorabies virus antibody water of piglet
Gentle promotion Cellular Immunity has good result.Lv Lijun etc. (2009) research reports, add 0.05% breast in daily ration
The CD4+/CD8+ of sour bacteria preparation group is respectively increased 3.70% (P ＜ 0.05) than control group, and monocytes/macrophages are than control component
Indescribably 12.2l% (P ＜ 0.05) high.Quartzy army (2012) gavages suckling pig using Lactobacillus delbrueckii (L.delbrueckii),
Result shows that SIgA, IL-2, IL-4 content and lymphocyte quantity increase in intestine of young pigs mucous membrane.The studies above shows, newborn
Sour bacterium enters in piglet body, by strengthening piglet associated immune cells activity and stimulating body fluid, cellular immunity to improve and repair
The immune deficiency of piglet.
Bacillus subtilis, is one kind of bacillus, and without pod membrane, peritrichous can be moved, and belongs to Gram-positive
Bacterium.Subtilin, polymyxins, nystatin, gramicidins isoreactivity can be produced during bacillus subtilis thalli growth
Material, these active materials have obvious inhibitory action to the conditioned pathogen of pathogenic bacteria or autogenous infection.Bacillus subtilis
Bacterium consumes rapidly the free oxygen in environment, causes enteron aisle hypoxemia, promotes beneficial anaerobism bacteria growing, and produce the organic acids such as lactic acid
Class, reduces enteron aisle pH value, and other pathogenic bacteria growings are suppressed indirectly；Growing for stimulating animal immune organ, activates T, B lymph
Cell, improves immunoglobulin and antibody level, strengthens cellular immunity and humoral immune function, improves herd immunity.Withered grass
The enzymes such as bacillus thalline itself synthesis AMS, protease, lipase, cellulase, with animal body in alimentary canal
Interior digestive enzymes together plays a role；Various B family vitamins such as energy synthetic vitamin B1, B2, B6, nicotinic acid, improve animal body
The activity of interior interferon and macrophage.Su Haiyan etc. (2010) have studied bacillus subtilis formulation to piglet growth performance
Influence and the feasibility of replacement piglet stage antibiotic, its result show to select suitable bacillus subtilis formulation substitution antibiosis
It is feasible usually to reach identical growth and immune performance effect.Huang Xue's spring etc. (2010) result of study shows bacillus subtilis
Bacterium has good effect to improving weaned piglets, and bacillus subtilis is fully able to substitute the aureomycin in feed.Liu Ying
Deng (2010) with growing-finishing pig as research object, growing and fattening pigs are given birth to by feeding experiment research probiotics substitute antibiotics
The influence of performance long, after its result shows to substitute all or part of antibiotic using probiotics, compared with control group, in
The daily gain and feed efficiency in pig stage are all greatly increased, and diarrhea rate decreases；
Lichens bud pole bacterium is one of feed grade bacterial strain that No. 318 bulletin approval of the Ministry of Agriculture of China 2003 year is used, category
Gram-positive is shaft-like to support well type bacterium, no pathogenicity, and environment compatibility is good, the advantages of be not likely to produce the resistance to the action of a drug be to produce
The amphimicrobe that bud is embraced, because it has thalline reproduction speed fast, easily culture, strong stress resistance, high temperature resistant, acid and alkali-resistance,
The features such as anti-extrusion, and energy extracellular proteinase, amylase, lipase and several amino acids.Lichens bud pole bacterium is to golden yellow
The pathogenic bacteria such as color staphylococcus, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, salmonella have very strong antagonism.Lichens bud pole bacterium
Growth conditions requirement it is low, into animal intestinal tract after can breed rapidly, on the one hand produce antibacterial material to pathogenic entero becteria rise antagonism
Effect, on the other hand due to its fast-growth, the oxygen in rapid consumption animal intestinal tract causes anaerobic environment, so as to quickly promote
Enter propagation and the development of intestinal beneficial flora (Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria), these profitable strains can be colonized rapidly viscous in animal intestine
On film, occupancy protective effect is played, the invasion of pathogenic bacteria has effectively been resisted, so as to play a part of disease resistance.Xie Shue
Influence research of the probiotics to growth pig growth performance and enteric microorganism is have studied Deng (2010), its result shows：With
Control group is compared, and 0.01% probiotics A (bacillus licheniformis) is added in daily ration, is remarkably improved grower pigs and is averagely increased day by day
Weight (P<0.05), there are the trend of feedstuff-meat ratio that reduces, but the not notable (P of difference>0.05) 0.02% probiotics B (withered grass, is added
Bacillus) and its effect for improving average daily gain and feedstuff-meat ratio of 0.1% probiotics C (bacillus cereus) of addition it is equal
Not as good as 0.01% probiotics A of addition；Result of the test from bacillus licheniformis substitute antibiotics shows：Different doses of addition
The probiotics substitute antibiotics of amount, daily ingestion amount is with feedstuff-meat ratio without significant difference (P>0.05), (sulfuric acid glues with control group
Bacillin) to compare, test group II is improved daily gain and reduces the trend of feedstuff-meat ratio；Ammonia emission in excrement is reduced, is reduced
Pollution of the excreta to environment；Escherichia coli quantity is not reduced in pig manure, and Bacillus acidi lactici quantity significantly improves (P<
00.05) trend that, bifidobacteria is improved.
VREF belongs to streptococcus, in the GPC of catenation, without brood cell, atrichia.Appropriate pH is
5.0~7.5.Optimum growth temperature is 35~38 DEG C, and it is common normal strain in humans and animals enteron aisle, and metabolism produces organic
The materials such as acid, biacetyl, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocin, these materials have suppression pathogen and spoilage organisms, enhance immunity, change
The physiological functions such as kind livestock products quality.Stability aspect, VREF energy stomach juice-resistant, Nelson Porez Guerra etc.
(2007) find that it can survive in SGF pH value 2.0 in testing；Dung coccus energy bile tolerance, can tolerate 1.0% courage
Salinity, even as high as 3.0% and 5.0% NaCI high salts；With good adhesion, Tuomola etc. (1998) have studied
12 kinds of adhesion situations of different lactobacillus, as a result find Lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus casei subsp.rhamnosus
The adhesive capacity of (LC 1) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC53103) is most strong.And the only secondary cheese breast bar of the adhesion of VREF
Bacterium；It can be seen that, VREF has good bile tolerance performance and to intestines and stomach against the tolerance of property environment and in small intestine field planting
Stability (Shen Zhongyan etc., 2007).
In recent years, substantial amounts of result of study all shows, antibacterial peptide is added in Piglet Diets, can not only promote piglet to give birth to
It is long, immunologic function is improved, and economic benefit (Wang Huashuai etc., 2011 can be increased；Gu Baoyang etc., 2010；Luo Zhihua etc.,
2009；Qin little Rong etc., 2011；Numb Yan Feng etc., 2010；Tang etc., 2009).Open (2011) such as Dong Yan and inquire into cecropin antimicrobial peptides
Influence to Production Performance of Weaning Pigs, gut flora and Serum Indexes, its result shows that 0.3% cecropin is added in daily ration to be resisted
Bacterium peptide is for improving Production Performance of Weaning Pigs, improving gut flora, reduce pig body and and stress improve immunity of organisms etc. and have
Positive effect.Wen Liufa etc. (2001) is studied and also indicated that, antibacterial peptide is added in Weaned Growing Pig Diets, can improve piglet
Anti diar rhea ability.
Antibacterial peptide is that one kind is widely present in insect, plant, animal and human body, is the class resistance cause of disease that host produces
The micromolecule polypeptide of body-sensing dye, an important component in biological natural immune system, with relative molecular weight is smaller, heat
The advantages of stabilization, good water solubility.Because the amphipathic structure and positive charge of antibacterial peptide molecule can make it on bacterial cell plasma membrane
Perforate and form ion duct, cause bacterial cell plasma structure to destroy, cause intracellular water-soluble substances largely to ooze out, and it is final
Cause bacterial death.This unique antibacterial mechanisms will not make pathogenic microorganism strain variation and develop immunity to drugs, and to machine
Body has no adverse reaction, and this will provide increasingly enhanced this difficult problems of drug resistance of traditional antibacterials new way to solve bacterium
Footpath.Antibacterial peptide except with non-specific antibacterium, fungi, virus and parasite etc. act in addition to, also with antitumor action.
The first antibacterial peptide for finding in the world is cecropin, uses cloaca through rod by Sweden scientist Boman etc. within 1980
The peptide material that guppy day silkworm chrysalis produces antibacterial activity is cherished in bacterium and Escherichia coli induction, and it is cecropin to name
(cecropins).Then it is found that various antibacterial peptides, such as Magainin (magainins), bee venom successively in other biological body again
Plain (melittins), alexin (defensins) etc..Current antibacterial peptide known in the world has kind more than 1200.Due to initial
It is found that this kind of active peptides have broad-spectrum high efficacy bactericidal activity to bacterium, thus it is named as antibacterial peptide.With research work
Carry out in a deep going way, it is found that some antibacterial peptides are respectively provided with very strong lethal effect to some fungi, protozoon, virus and cancer cell etc..
Antibacterial peptide by sources divides：Generally can be divided into 6 classes, Mammalian Antimicrobial Peptides, amphibian antibacterial peptide, insect antimicrobial peptide, Genes For Plant Tolerance
Bacterium peptide, bacterium antibacterial peptide and viral antibacterial peptide；By amino acid group composition：It is commonly divided into 4 classes, i.e. cecropin and (is free of half Guang ammonia
Acid), alexin (be rich in cysteine), Magainin (Pro-rich), melittin (being rich in glycine)；Can divide by architectural feature
It is 5 classes：1st, the linear polypeptide with helical structure, such as cecropin, 2 linear polypeptides rich in certain amino acid, are from honeybee
The antibacterial peptide of isolated Pro-rich does not work to gram-positive bacteria；3 contain a polypeptide for disulfide bond；4 contain
There is the polypeptide of two or more disulfide bond, the Typical Representative of this kind of polypeptide is alexin；5 wool sulphur antibacterial peptides, research is most
It is widely streptococcus lactis peptide (Nisin), has been widely used and has made food preservative.
The small peptide that antibacterial peptide is made up of 20-50 more amino acids, its molecular weight is more less than 25ku~30ku.It is most
The isoelectric point of antibacterial peptide is more than 7, shows stronger cationic characteristic.In addition, antibacterial peptide is relatively stablized to heat, many antibacterial peptides exist
100 DEG C of heating 10min can also keep certain vigor；Antibacterial peptide has stronger resisting to the pH value of larger ionic strength or higher
Property；Part antibacterial peptide also has the ability of resistance trypsase and pepsin hydrolysis.Therefore antibacterial peptide can be widely applied to livestock and poultry
In aquaculture and feed.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiment.Unless stated otherwise, the present invention use reagent,
Apparatus and method are the art reagent routinely purchased in market, equipment and conventional use of method.
Embodiment 1
A kind of small swine feed of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive, is calculated with complete feed, including corn 58.1%, sorghum
10%th, dregs of beans 19.5%, import DDGS 4.5%, soya-bean oil 0.5%, rice bran 5%, Multi-vitamin and multi-mineral additive pre-composition 2%, acidifying
Agent (main component lactic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid) 0.3%, compound nonreactive additive 0.1%；Albumen, energy, dimension life in feed
Element and mineral raw material use prior art, wherein, described compound nonreactive additive will by weight (kg)：Lactic acid bacteria 50g,
Bacillus subtilis 100g, bacillus licheniformis 100g, VREF 50g, allicin 100g, capsicim 100g, origanum oil
100g, powdered rice hulls 400g etc., the feed preblending agent for mixing in proportion.
Embodiment 2
A kind of small swine feed of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive, is calculated with complete feed, including corn 48.1%, sorghum
20%th, dregs of beans 19%, import DDGS 5%, soya-bean oil 0.5%, rice bran 5%, Multi-vitamin and multi-mineral additive pre-composition 2%, acidulant
(main component lactic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid) 0.2%, compound nonreactive additive 0.2%；Albumen, energy, vitamin in feed
Prior art is used with mineral raw material, wherein, described compound nonreactive additive will by weight (kg)：Antibacterial peptide 100g,
Lactic acid bacteria 100g, bacillus subtilis 200g, bacillus licheniformis 150g, VREF 50g, allicin 200g, capsicim
200g, origanum oil 200g, phytosterol 100g, powdered rice hulls 700g etc., the feed preblending agent for mixing in proportion.
Embodiment 3
A kind of small swine feed of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive, is calculated with complete feed, including corn 19.1%, sorghum
48%th, dregs of beans 16%, import DDGS 8%, soya-bean oil 1.5%, rice bran 5%, Multi-vitamin and multi-mineral additive pre-composition 2%, acidulant
(main component lactic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid) 0.1%, compound nonreactive additive 0.3%；Albumen, energy, vitamin in feed
Prior art is used with mineral raw material, wherein, described compound nonreactive additive will by weight (kg)：Antibacterial peptide 300g,
Lactic acid bacteria 300g, bacillus subtilis 300g, bacillus licheniformis 200g, VREF 50g, allicin 300g, capsicim
200g, origanum oil 300g, phytosterol 200g, powdered rice hulls 850g etc., the feed preblending agent for mixing in proportion.
The feed crude protein 16% of the present embodiment 1~3, lysine 1.1%, pig digestible energy 3250kcal/kg.
The present embodiment is verified using growth performance experiment and blood biochemical；Body weight 40kg or so public affairs are chosen in experiment
Female half and half DLY tri-crossbreeding 200, is divided into five test groups, and every group 4 parallel, each parallel 10 pig.Five
Group is feeds utilized to be respectively conventional corn-bean pulp type commercial piglet feed A (drug containing feed addictive aureomycin 75mg/kg, Ji
He is mycin 50mg/kg), conventional corn-bean pulp type commercial feed B (drug containing feed addictive enramycin 20mg/kg, bacillus
Peptide zinc 40mg/kg).Embodiment of the present invention feed 1,2,3.Experiment is carried out on experiment pig farm, 21 days experimental periods, swinery during experiment
Free choice feeding and free water, in morning of the on-test with the end of, carry out empty stomach and weigh in units of column to pig respectively,
Inventory, surplus doses are recorded daily in units of column simultaneously, to investigate pig average daily gain, daily ingestion amount and feedstuff-meat ratio and meat
The indexs such as matter；Other health and epidemic preventions and daily management are carried out by this conventional method, and body weight is selected from every group after off-test
10 close pigs carry out vena cava anterior blood sampling with vacuum anticoagulant tube, censorship haematogenic immunity index after Cord blood：IgG、IgA、
IgM, total protein, albumin, globulin content.
Final experimental result statistics is as follows：
The influence of table 1, every group of experiment daily ration to small daily gain in pigs, daily ingestion amount, feedstuff-meat ratio and diarrhea rate
Note：With column data shoulder mark difference lowercase letter indication difference significantly (P<0.05)
By the data of table 1：After using 21 days of the piglet feed nursing of embodiment of the present invention 1-3, with traditional medicine
Thing feed addictive (antibiotic) type feed is compared, and piglets fed daily gain, feed intake, material ratio are significantly improved and change
Kind, i.e., the mixed feed of embodiment of the present invention 1-3 is not on the premise of antibiotic is used, it is also possible to meet the piggy stage well
Growth demand and disease-resistant demand, reduce diarrhea rate, be particularly suitable for 30~60kg of body weight or so piggy stages.
The influence of table 2, every group of experiment daily ration to piggy blood physiological and biochemical indices
Note：With column data shoulder mark difference lowercase letter indication difference significantly (P<0.05)
Serum immunoglobulin IgG, the change of IgA and IgM levels is the immune characteristic that all of mammal has,
Immunity of organisms is maintained, is played an important roll on viral infection resisting and eliminating pathogen.Embodiment 1-3 groups as can be seen from Table 2
Experiment swinery under the premise of any antibiotic is not used humoral immune function be improved significantly, Abwehrkraft des Koepers improve, it is disease-resistant
Ability strengthens.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of small swine feed of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive, it is characterised in that calculated with complete feed, including corn 48.1%,
Sorghum 20%, dregs of beans 19%, import DDGS 5%, soya-bean oil 0.5%, rice bran 5%, Multi-vitamin and multi-mineral additive pre-composition 2%, acidulant
0.2%th, it is combined nonreactive additive 0.2%；The anti-additive of compound will by weight：It is antibacterial peptide 100g, lactic acid bacteria 100g, withered
Careless bacillus 200g, bacillus licheniformis 150g, VREF 50g, allicin 200g, capsicim 200g, origanum oil 200g,
Phytosterol 100g, the feed preblending agent that powdered rice hulls 700g is mixed in proportion；The acidulant main component is lactic acid, richness
Horse acid, citric acid.
2. a kind of small swine feed of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive, it is characterised in that calculated with complete feed, including corn 19.1%,
Sorghum 48%, dregs of beans 16%, import DDGS 8%, soya-bean oil 1.5%, rice bran 5%, Multi-vitamin and multi-mineral additive pre-composition 2%, acidulant
0.1%th, it is combined nonreactive additive 0.3%；The anti-additive of compound will by weight：It is antibacterial peptide 300g, lactic acid bacteria 300g, withered
Careless bacillus 300g, bacillus licheniformis 200g, VREF 50g, allicin 300g, capsicim 200g, origanum oil 300g,
Phytosterol 200g, the feed preblending agent that powdered rice hulls 850g is mixed in proportion；The acidulant main component is lactic acid, richness
Horse acid, citric acid.
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| CN111187730B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-04-20 | 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所 | Bacillus subtilis and application thereof |
| CN111214648A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-02 | 郑州市华农兽药研究院 | Compound medicine for treating piglet diarrhea |
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