CN104664173A - Efficient environment-friendly antibiotic-free compound feed for piglets - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient environment-friendly antibiotic-free compound feed for piglets. In parts by weight, the efficient environment-friendly antibiotic-free compound feed for piglets comprises 20-70 parts of corns, 10-70 parts of sorghum, 10-22 parts of bean pulp, 3-10 parts of DDGS, 0-15 parts of soybean oil, 0-10 parts of rice bran, 0-8 parts of bran, 2 parts of multi-vitamin multi-mineral substance additive premix, 0.1-0.3 part of an acidifying agent and 0.1-0.3 part of a piglet feed antibiotic-free additive. The efficient environment-friendly antibiotic-free compound feed is free of any growth promoting antibiotic and has the advantages of improving the feed digestibility, improving the piglet growth performance, improving the swinery immunity level and decreasing the diarrhea incidence rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of fodder, more specifically, relate to the little swine feed of a kind of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive.
Background technology
Along with the development of aquaculture, environmental bearing capacity is close to the limit, along with the day by day in short supply and pollution grows worse in breeding spaces, soil, aquaculture is faced with heavy pressure and bottleneck, and this directly results in the series of problems that cultivation occurs, especially consumes maximum pig-breeding industries, face that herd immunity is low at present, anti-stress ability declines, disease takes place frequently, and culture benefit is low, the phenomenon that cultivation risk is high.And numerous raisers are in order to retrieve economic losses, usually take to use antibiotic method to carry out the various disease of prevention and therapy swinery in a large number, excessive result in again a series of social concern (Pan Xuenan etc., 2000) such as antibiotic residue, the enhancing of germ drug resistance with the antibiotic use of excess.Antibiotic has been that antibiotic as feed addictive extensive use in husbandry sector, reaches peak to 20 century 70s always since mid-term in 20th century finds that antibiotic to have growth promoting effects, ensures the effect of healthy and resist the disease to animal.Meanwhile, due to antibiotic Long-Time Service, the report of its negative effect is constantly suggested, as the host etc. that pathogen produces drug resistance, livestock products medicament residue, people become drug resistance flora, the drawback that antibiotic is used in animal husbandry highlights day by day, and therefore European Union just starts to forbid antibiotic on January 1st, 2006 and uses in feed.
Advocating today of green cultivation and food security, we need to develop find the green of substitute antibiotics, safety, efficiently, environmental protection, noresidue feed addictive, to ensure the quick growth of pork pig and to meet the demand of consumer to food security.Namely we will ensure that national " vegetable basket " rich and sufficient meat product is taken on the one hand, and we reach the optimum aquaculture model of eco-friendly health, i.e. the aquaculture of sustainable development again on the one hand.Therefore, find one and can improve Swinery immunity power, premunition, the new product of substitute antibiotics has become the study hotspot of animal nutrition in recent years.
Summary of the invention
According to above technical problem, first the present invention provides a kind of piglet feed nonreactive additive for substitute antibiotics, by weight, comprise antibacterial peptide 0 ~ 300 part, lactic acid bacteria 50 ~ 150 parts, bacillus subtilis 100 ~ 300 parts, bacillus licheniformis 100 ~ 300 parts, VREF 0 ~ 150 part, allicin 100 ~ 300 parts, capsicim 100 ~ 200 parts, origanum oil 100 ~ 300 parts, phytosterol 0 ~ 200 part, and be carrier with powdered rice hulls.
Preferably, described antibacterial peptide, VREF and/or phytosterol addition are not 0.
The little swine feed of a kind of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive is disclosed in addition, by weight, comprise 20 ~ 70 parts, Chinese sorghum 10 ~ 70 parts, dregs of beans 10 ~ 22 parts, DDGS 3 ~ 10 parts, 0 ~ 15 part, soya-bean oil, 0 ~ 10 part, rice bran, 0 ~ 8 part, wheat bran, multidimensional many ore deposits additive pre-composition 2 parts, acidulant 0.1 ~ 0.3 part and above-mentioned piglet feed nonreactive additive 0.1 ~ 0.3 part.
Preferably.Described acidulant is lactic acid, fumaric acid and citric acid.
Other products are the product that market routine is bought.
Further, a kind of above-mentioned little swine feed of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive is provided to reduce the application in piggy diarrhea rate.
Further, a kind of above-mentioned little swine feed of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive is provided to improve the application in daily gain, feed intake or material ratio.
The present invention has following effect:
1. do not add any growth promotion antibiotic, this invention has raising feed digestibility, improves little pig growth performance, raising Swinery immunity force level, reduces the high-quality mixed feed of Incidence of Diarrhea.
2. the present invention does not add any antibiotic growth-promoting additive, green, environmental protection, noresidue, antibiotic-free drug resistance problems.
3. invention increases swinery resistance against diseases and immunity, reduce the incidence of the incidence of disease and diarrhoea in breeding process.
4. the present invention can reach the growth-promoting effect identical with antibiotic growth-promoting additive, and growth performance exceedes antibiotics feed addictive.
Plant extracts additives industries is that last decade grows up, and is the edge industry held concurrently between medicine, fine chemistry industry, agricultural industry.At present, it is raw material that plant extracts generally refers to plant, according to the needs to the final products purposes extracted, through physics, chemical extraction separation process, the directed a certain or plurality of active ingredients obtaining and concentrate in plant, and the product not changing that its active ingredient structure formed, can measure it, and stable content, to animals and humans without any toxicity, and prove the feed addictive that can improve breeding performonce fo animals by animal experiment.The research of lot of domestic and foreign scholar shows, plant extracts is because effectively suppressing pathogen, regulation and control animal and bird intestines microbiota, strengthen immunologic function, and be applied to substitute antibiotics as the extensive use of livestock and poultry growth accelerator, in antibacterial, sterilization, the strongest Gionee will (2009) of extract effect of only dysentery grass (wild marjoram grass), leaf mustard, garlic.
Allicin is a kind of volatility grease extracted from the spherical bulb of plant garlic, containing multiple pi-allyl organic sulfur compound, primarily of diallyl disulphide and Diallytrisin composition.The organic solvents such as ethanol, benzene, ether can be dissolved in, be slightly soluble in water, in acid condition, be not easily decomposed, comparatively stable.But under meta-alkali condition, can there is fracture and make it that hydrolysis occur in the disulfide bond in allicin.Allicin also has hot instability, when temperature raises, allicin generation eliminative reaction can be made to cause disulfide bonds, thus cause decomposing.Disulfide in allicin, trithioether can enter in cytoplasm through the cell membrane of pathogenic bacteria, are cystine linkage by the oxydasis containing sulfydryl, destroy the eubolism of pathogenic bacteria, make the sulfydryl inactivation of pathogenic bacteria, suppress pathogenic bacteria growth and breeding.Therefore, allicin has very strong inhibitory action to Gram-positive and negative bacterium and fungi.In addition, allicin has unique smell, and the sense of taste of energy stimulating animal, increases the feed intake of animal.Allicin can also increase gastric secretion and gastrointestinal peristalsis, stimulates appetite and promotes nutrient digestion, and then promotes growth of animal.Li Guangyun etc. (2009) add 200mg/kg allicin and 400mg/kg terramycin in piglet diet, and result shows, allicin group weight gain of piglets effect, the price of deed etc. are not only obviously better than basal diet group, are also better than terramycin group.Liu Chaoliang etc. (2009) study display, after weaned piglet, the serum low-density LP of the 7th day and the 14th day 0.01% allicin interpolation group piglet, T-CHOL and glucose content are than all higher than control group, wean afterwards 0.01% allicin group and 0.07% antibiotic group serum urea nitrogen content all lower than control group.Allicin group thyroxine T3 (FT3), insulin-like growth factor-i and FT3/FT4 are all significantly higher than control group, but not remarkable with antibiotic group difference.Wang Jianhui and Liu Chunzhi (2007) add the allicin of 200mg/kg in piglet diet, do not find that piglet falls ill, piglet stool colour is more shallow, ight soil surperficial mosquitos and flies amount is less.These results suggest that, allicin can be used in piglet production by Substitute For Partial antibiotic.In growing and fattening pigs, add growth performance and feed conversion rate that allicin can improve growing and fattening pigs, improve meat quality.Xing Chengjun etc. (2005) add allicin 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg and found that in the feed in growing-finishing pigs later stage, and the daily gain of each interpolation group, daily ingestion amount and feed conversion rate are all higher than control group and antibiotic group.Chen Wei etc. (2009) add 5% fresh garlic in the daily ration of growing-finishing pig, result shows, with the prolongation of period of storage after pig kills, muscle SOD activity declines gradually, MDA content rises gradually, each storage life muscle SOD activity is all the time higher than control group, and MDA content is all the time lower than control group.Each test group system water rate, dry, intramuscular fat and gross protein value are apparently higher than control group, and the drip loss of muscle, cooking loss, shear force are then lower than control group.
Origanum oil is by a kind of volatile oil extracted in natural plants wild marjoram grass.Wild marjoram has another name called south Sinkiang ziziphora herb, only dysentery grass, is Labiatae Origanum herbaceos perennial.Wild marjoram be mainly distributed in Mediterranean to North America, the Central Asia, north African and China's most area, be born in the hillside of 500 ~ 3600m height above sea level, shrubbery, roadside, meadow, border and sylvan life.Wild marjoram taste is pungent cool in nature, nontoxic, can all herbal medicine, has effect that is clearing heat and detoxicating, regulating QI to expel dampness inducing diuresis to reduce edema.Origanum oil has very strong antibacterial, sterilization and preservation antioxidation effect, in prevention and therapy livestock and poultry alimentary tract bacteriosis, have significant curative effect.Origanum oil is a kind of mixture, main component is phenols, belong to alkaloid, active ingredient is Thymol, carvacrol, γ-terpinenes and ρ-cymene mainly, what wherein antibacterial activity was the strongest is Thymol and carvacrol, γ-terpinenes and ρ-cymene are then the precursors of biosynthesis Thymol and fragrant Jing Qin phenol, also have antimicrobial acivity.The content of above-mentioned four kinds of compositions in wild marjoram grass is difference to some extent because of factors such as different plants position, harvest season, time and geographical position.In addition, also containing terpenes, terpene alcohol and aliphatic ketone, cyclo other compounds etc. such as laurene, α-terpinene, linalool, cumic acids in origanum oil, certain physiological action is also had to body.Zheng Hongwei etc. add aureomycin, origanum oil respectively in piglet diet, and result shows that the diarrhea rate adding origanum oil group is far below control group and interpolation aureomycin group.Chen Huiliang etc. in the influence research of intestine of young pigs microorganism species at origanum oil, draw and add 10% origanum oil pre-mixing agent by 150mg/kg in the basal diets of piglet, can improve the intestinal microflora structure of piglet, improve body resistance against diseases.Yellow state waits clearly report origanum oil and aureomycin+flavomycoin to test, and result shows, though origanum oil group is not so good as aureomycin+flavomycoin in the performance of daily gain, meat feed ratio, income, is significantly better than aureomycin group.This illustrate origanum oil can significantly improve piglet daily gain, reduce feedstuff-meat ratio, can in piglet diet substitute antibiotics.Wang Li etc. also report in piglet diet, and origanum oil can replace antibiotic use to a certain extent.In sum, origanum oil, as a kind of novel fodder additive, can play and act on fast and effectively, inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganism in the maintenance of intestinal health, is conducive to the microecological balance maintaining enteron aisle.Having a extensive future in husbandry sector, not only can avoid the generation of side effect because Long-Time Service antibiotic brings and antibody-resistant bacterium, can also provide more sufficient animal foodstuff for people, promotes the sustainable development of animal husbandry.
Capsicim (capsaicin) is extensively present in Solanaceae capsicum plants, and a kind of vanilloyl amine alkaloid especially in pimiento (chilipepper) is the main source of capsicum acid and pharmic function.In recent years, increasing scholar starts to inquire into the feasibility of capsicim as Substitutes For Antibiotic, and has done many trials, finds that capsicim has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, whets the appetite, promotes digestion, improves feature (kym etc., 2009 such as immunity; Hwang etc., 2008; Harada, Okajima, 2007).Pimiento is in arnotto in 6 ~ July, ripe pimiento contains abundant capsicim, account for 0.2% ~ 1.0% of capsicum dry weight, capsicim comprises 14 kinds of homologues (see table 1) such as capsaicine, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, and the peppery degree of each material is not quite similar.Capsicim is water insoluble, is soluble in the organic solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, benzene, acetone, chloroform, produces irritative gas (Wang Jianping, 1996) under high temperature.
The composition of table 1 capsicim and Shi Gaoweier index
Note: data source Marilyn (2002)
The feature that research shows that capsicim absorbs rapidly in alimentary canal, complete, absorptivity is high, security good, do not develop immunity to drugs.Manzanilla etc. (2009) study report, the digestibility that 200mg/kg capsicim can improve diet protein is added in 20 age in days Piglet Diets, and intestine of young pigs Bacillus acidi lactici quantity obviously increases, harmful bacteria breeding is suppressed, and then promotes that piglet is healthy.
Phytosterol has another name called phytosterol, is a kind of natural active matter, belongs to vegetalitas steroidal compound, is the part of plant cell membrane, is extensively present in the root of plant, stem, leaf, fruit and seed.Wherein, in vegetable oil, seed, nut, cereal and beans, content is the abundantest.Be used for animal productiong as a kind of novel fodder additive to get more and more people's extensive concerning, result of study shows that phytosterol not only can reduce cholesterol, also have and strengthen protein synthesis, regulation and control fat metabolism, bidirectional modulation parahormone, promote growth of animal and health, improve Animal product quality and (reduce cholesterol level; Improve yellowish pink, meat; Improve the animal products such as pig storage period) effect.Zhou Baolan (1992) studies discovery, in animal body, phytosterol (mainly sitosterol) is by combining closely with lipid (can form molecular film in water), form phytosterol ribonucleoprotein complex, this compound physical efficiency promotes animal protein synthesis, can promote the healthy growth of animal well, be a kind of novel Animal feed-additive.Jia Daihan (2005) once adds phytosterol with 0,15 and 30mg/kg 3 mass concentration gradients and carries out feeding experiment in grower pigs daily ration.Research finds, compared with control group, 15 and the test group of 30mg/kg phytosterol all obtain good productivity effect, the quality that on average increases day by day improve respectively 12.16% and 7.14%, F/C then improve 2.56% and 7.10% respectively.On the other hand, 15 and the economic benefit of 30mg/kg test group also obtain and significantly improve.Maitani etc. (1995) are also proved by rat test, and phytosterol has good improvement result to the growth of animal under stressed condition.In addition, phytosterol has the effect redistributing body fat.Luo Youwen etc. (2009) once reported, phytosterol is added in Diet For Finishing Pig, while reduction skin ratio, significantly improve lean meat percentage (p < 0.05), and there is raising on average to increase day by day the trend (p > 0.05) of quality and carcass lean meat percentage.Existing much research shows that plant extracts has important effect in animal productiong, is also one of Main way realizing the development of green safety livestock breeding industry;
Large quantity research shows, probiotic products is nontoxic as one, noresidue, without drug-fast feed addictive, to raising feed digestibility, the breeding of harmful intestinal tract flora is suppressed to have remarkable result, especially the probio of difference in functionality is share, can mutually work in coordination with in animal body, produce comprehensive, intestine microenvironment and abundance efficiently nutrition supply, strengthen immunity of organisms, improve production performance.What actual production application was more is lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, VREF; Research shows that bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, VREF can act synergistically, be colonizated in after in enteron aisle, the balance of intestinal microflora can be maintained, suppress the growth of pernicious bacteria, reduce bacteriotoxin to the destruction (Xie Shue etc., 2010) of body.Meanwhile, three kinds of probios can also secrete the swinery enteral nutrition materials such as a large amount of digestive ferments, B family vitamin, little peptide, amino acid.Therefore probio has raising immunologic function, strengthens premunition, improves nutritive digestibility, improves production performance, reduces enviromental ammonia, the antibiotic function of Some substitute (Li Zhu etc., 2010).
Lactic acid bacteria has nutrition, antibacterial, immune and enteron aisle defencive function; pork pig has good effect; its main metabolites-lactic acid is a kind of important antibacterial material; lactic acid content increases; the pH in metabolism environment can be reduced; suppress and kill low acid resistance pathogen (Servin, 2004).Lactic acid bacteria can also suppress common pathogenic bacteria, as growth (Zhang Liping and Wang Yongsheng, 2007 of Escherichia coli, Salmonella choleraesuls and staphylococcus aureus; Wang Yongsheng and Song Jie, 2007), increase the quantity (Feng Shanglian etc., 2011) of beneficial bacteria of intestinal tract.Yuan Shulin etc. (2011) find in the test of seed selection excellent food additive strain, and the metabolite of Bacillus acidi lactici 28h can produce obvious inhibition zone to Escherichia coli, inhibition zone diameter 11.0 ~ 18.0mm.Also can produce the antibacterial material such as H2O2, bacteriocin in lactic acid bacteria metabolic process, this strengthens the antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria greatly.After lactic acid bacteria enters animal intestinal, carry out non-specific sticking by bacterium surface active component and enteron aisle, preferentially occupy enteron aisle and stick site, after field planting, the active component regulating intestinal canal immunologic function (Wang Haifeng etc., 2012) that lactic acid bacteria is secreted by its phage surface.Voltan etc. (2008) study discovery, the H2O2 of lactic acid bacteria secretion can as a kind of signal transducers, induction gut epithelium peroxisome propagation, causes the activation of receptor y (PPAR-γ), thus directly regulates epithelial cell to the immune response of intestinal inflammatory.Su Guangwei etc. (2006) study discovery, and Bacillus acidi lactici peptide glycan can improve the secretion of IFN-γ in inflammatory cytokine IL-1, TNF-α and SPL in irriate Turnover of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages.Zhang Changming etc. (2006) study report, add level and lymphocyte transformation rate that lactobacillus preparation can improve IgG, IgA, IgM, T4 and IGF-I in serum in pig starter feed.Zhang Lingqi (2008) adds 0.1% lactobacillus preparation in piglet diet, serum albumin levels improves 22.24%, in serum, C3, C4, IgA and IgG level improves 37.84%, 25.00%, 25.43% and 16.48% respectively, and significant difference (P < 0.05).He Ying etc. (2011) add 0.2%NS compound lactobacillus in weanling pig feed, IgM content in serum and interferon INF-γ content improve 19.7% and 10.2% respectively, antibody against swine fever virus positive rate improves 33.3%, significant difference (P < 0.05), illustrate that NS compound lactobacillus preparation is to raising piglet humoral immunity, maintains the swine fever of piglet, Pseudorabies virus antibody horizontal and promotes that Cellular Immunity has good result.Lv Lijun etc. (2009) study report, the CD4+/CD8+ adding the lactobacillus preparation group of 0.05% in daily ration you can well imagine high by 3.70% (P < 0.05) than contrast component, and monocytes/macrophages you can well imagine high 12.2l% (P < 0.05) than contrast component.Quartz army (2012) utilizes Lactobacillus delbrueckii (L.delbrueckii) to gavage suckling pig, and result shows, and in intestine of young pigs mucous membrane, SIgA, IL-2, IL-4 content and lymphocyte quantity increase.Above-mentioned research shows, lactic acid bacteria enters in piglet body, by strengthening piglet associated immune cells activity and the immune deficiency stimulating body fluid, piglet is improved and repaired to cellular immunity.
Bacillus subtilis is the one of bacillus, and without pod membrane, peritrichous, can move, and belongs to gram-positive bacteria.Can produce subtilin, polymyxins, nystatin, gramicidins isoreactivity material in bacillus subtilis thalli growth process, the conditioned pathogen of these active materials to pathogenic bacteria or autogenous infection has obvious inhibitory action.Bacillus subtilis consumes rapidly the free oxygen in environment, causes enteron aisle hypoxemia, promotes that useful anaerobic bacteria grows, and produces the organic acids such as lactic acid, reduces enteron aisle pH value, indirectly suppresses the growth of other pathogenic bacteria; Growing of stimulating animal immune organ, activates T, bone-marrow-derived lymphocyte, improves immunoglobulin (Ig) and antibody horizontal, strengthens cellular immunity and humoral immune function, improves herd immunity.The enzymes such as bacillus subtilis thalline self synthesis AMS, protease, lipase, cellulase, together play a role with the digestive enzymes in animal body in alimentary canal; The multiple B family vitamin such as energy synthetic vitamin B1, B2, B6, nicotinic acid, improves the activity of interferon and macrophage in animal body.Su Haiyan etc. (2010) have studied bacillus subtilis formulation to the impact of piglet growth performance and alternative piglet stage antibiotic feasibility, and its result shows to select suitable bacillus subtilis formulation to replace antibiosis usually to reach identical growth and immune performance effect is feasible.(2010) results of study such as Huang Xue's spring show that bacillus subtilis has good effect to raising weaned piglets, and bacillus subtilis can substitute the aureomycin in feed completely.Liu Ying etc. (2010) take growing-finishing pig as research object, by feeding experiment research probiotics substitute antibiotics on the impact of growing-finishing pigs performance, after its result shows to adopt probiotics to substitute all or part of antibiotic, compared with control group, daily gain and the feed efficiency in middle pig stage are all greatly increased, and diarrhea rate decreases;
One of feed grade bacterial strain that No. 318 bulletin approval in 2003 of the Ministry of Agriculture of lichens bud pole Jun Shi China uses, belongs to the shaft-like well foster type bacterium of Gram-positive, no pathogenicity, the advantage such as environment compatibility is good, not easily develop immunity to drugs to produce the amphimicrobe that bud embraces, because it has thalline reproduction speed soon, easily cultivate, strong stress resistance, high temperature resistant, acid and alkali-resistance, anti-extrusion, and energy extracellular proteinase, amylase, the feature such as lipase and several amino acids.Lichens bud pole bacterium is to staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, the pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella have very strong antagonism.Lichens bud pole bacteria growing conditional request is low; can breed rapidly after entering animal intestinal; produce antibacterial material on the one hand and antagonism is risen to pathogenic entero becteria; grow fast due to it on the other hand; oxygen in rapid consumption animal intestinal; cause anaerobic environment; thus promote propagation and the growth of intestinal beneficial flora (Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria) fast; the rapid field planting of these beneficial bacterium group energys is on animal intestine mucous membrane; play occupancy protective effect; effective invasion of resisting pathogenic bacteria, thus play the effect of disease resistance.Xie Shue etc. (2010) have studied the influence research of probiotics to grower pigs growth performance and enteric microorganism, its result shows: compared with control group, 0.01% probiotics A (bacillus licheniformis) is added in daily ration, grower pigs average daily gain (P<0.05) can be significantly improved, there is the trend reducing feedstuff-meat ratio, but difference is not significantly (P>0.05), add 0.02% probiotics B (bacillus subtilis) and add its effect improving average daily gain and feedstuff-meat ratio of 0.1% probiotics C (bacillus cereus) all not as good as interpolation 0.01% probiotics A, the result of the test of bacillus licheniformis substitute antibiotics is selected to show: the probiotics substitute antibiotics adding various dose, daily ingestion amount and feedstuff-meat ratio are all without significant difference (P>0.05), compared with control group (colistine sulfate), test group II is improved daily gain and reduces the trend of feedstuff-meat ratio, reduce ammonia emission in excrement, decrease the pollution of excreta to environment, in pig manure, Escherichia coli quantity does not reduce, and Bacillus acidi lactici quantity significantly improves (P<00.05), the trend that bifidobacteria is improved.
VREF belongs to streptococcus, the GPC in catenation, without brood cell, and atrichia.Appropriate pH is 5.0 ~ 7.5.Optimum growth temperature is 35 ~ 38 DEG C, it is normal bacterial classification common in humans and animals enteron aisle, metabolism produces the materials such as organic acid, biacetyl, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocin, and these materials have suppression pathogen and spoilage organisms, raising immunity, improve the physiological functions such as livestock products quality.Stability aspect, VREF energy stomach juice-resistant, finds that it can survive in SGF pH value 2.0 in Nelson Porez Guerra etc. (2007) test; Dung field coccus energy bile tolerance, can tolerate the gallbladder salinity of 1.0%, even up to 3.0% and 5.0% NaCI height salt; There is good adhesion, Tuomola etc. (1998) have studied the adhesion situation of 12 kinds of different lactobacillus, found that Lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus casei subsp.rhamnosus (LC 1) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC53103) adhesive capacity the strongest.And the adhesion of VREF only secondary Lactobacillus casei; Visible, VREF has good bile tolerance performance and to the tolerance of intestines and stomach against property environment and the stability in small intestine field planting (Shen Zhongyan etc., 2007).
In recent years, a large amount of results of study all shows, in Piglet Diets, add antibacterial peptide, not only can promote piglet growth, improves immunologic function, and can increase economic benefit (Wang Huashuai etc., 2011; Gu Baoyang etc., 2010; Luo Zhihua etc., 2009; Qin little Rong etc., 2011; Fiber crops Yan Feng etc., 2010; Tang etc., 2009).Dong Yan etc. (2011) inquire into cecropin antimicrobial peptides to the impact of Production Performance of Weaning Pigs, gut flora and Serum Indexes, its result show to add in daily ration 0.3% cecropin antimicrobial peptides for raising Production Performance of Weaning Pigs, improve gut flora, reduce pig body and immunity of organisms etc. and stress be improved there is positive effect.Wen Liufa etc. (2001) research is also pointed out, adds antibacterial peptide, can improve the anti diar rhea ability of piglet in Weaned Growing Pig Diets.
Antibacterial peptide is that one is extensively present in insect, plant, animal and human body, it is the micromolecule polypeptide of the class opposing pathogenic infection that host produces, an important component part in biological natural immune system, has the advantages such as relative molecular weight is less, thermally-stabilised, good water solubility.Because the amphipathic structure of antibacterial peptide molecule and positive charge can make it bore a hole on bacterial cell plasma membrane and form ion duct, cause bacterial cell plasma structure to destroy, cause water-soluble substances in born of the same parents to ooze out in a large number, and finally cause bacterial death.The antibacterial mechanisms of this uniqueness can not make pathogenic microorganism strain variation and develop immunity to drugs, and has no adverse reaction to body, and this provides new way by for solving bacterium to this difficult problems of drug resistance that traditional antibacterials strengthen day by day.Antibacterial peptide, except having the effects such as non-specific antibacterium, fungi, virus and parasite, also has antitumor action.
The first antibacterial peptide found in the world is cecropin, within 1980, cherishs the peptide material that guppy sky silkworm chrysalis produces antibacterial activity, name as cecropin (cecropins) by Sweden scientist Boman etc. with cloaca through rod bacterium and Escherichia coli induction.Multiple antibacterial peptide has been showed again subsequently, as Magainin (magainins), melittin (melittins), alexin (defensins) etc. at other biological body inland supervention.Antibacterial peptide known in the world has kind more than 1200 at present.Owing to it is found that this kind of active peptides has broad-spectrum high efficacy bactericidal activity to bacterium at first, thus called after antibacterial peptide.Along with carrying out in a deep going way of research work, find that some antibacterial peptide all has very strong lethal effect to some fungi, protozoon, virus and cancer cell etc.Antibacterial peptide by sources divides: generally can be divided into 6 classes, Mammalian Antimicrobial Peptides, amphibian antibacterial peptide, insect antimicrobial peptide, Antimicrobial Peptides From Plants, bacterium antibacterial peptide and viral antibacterial peptide; By amino acid composition point: usually can be divided into 4 classes, i.e. cecropin (not containing cysteine), alexin (being rich in cysteine), Magainin (Pro-rich), melittin (being rich in glycine); Can fall into 5 types by architectural feature: the linear polypeptide 1, with helical structure, as cecropin, 2 are rich in certain amino acid whose linear polypeptide, are that from honeybee, be separated the antibacterial peptide of the Pro-rich obtained inoperative to gram-positive bacteria; 3 containing the polypeptide of a disulfide bond; 4 containing the polypeptide of two or more disulfide bond, and the Typical Representative of this kind of polypeptide is alexin; 5 wool sulphur antibacterial peptides, research is streptococcus lactis peptide (Nisin) the most widely, has been widely used and has made food preservative.
The little peptide that antibacterial peptide is made up of 20-50 many amino acid residues, how not enough its molecular weight is 25ku ~ 30ku.The isoelectric point of most antibacterial peptide is greater than 7, shows stronger cationic characteristic.In addition, antibacterial peptide is more stable to heat, and many antibacterial peptides can also keep certain vigor at 100 DEG C of heating 10min; Antibacterial peptide has stronger resistance to larger ionic strength or higher pH value; Part antibacterial peptide also has the ability of opposing trypsase and pepsin hydrolysis.Therefore antibacterial peptide can be widely used in beasts, birds and aquatic products cultivation and feed.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Unless stated otherwise, the present invention adopts reagent, equipment and method are conventional commercial reagent, equipment and the conventional method used of the art.
Embodiment 1
The little swine feed of a kind of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive, calculate with complete feed, comprise corn 58.1%, Chinese sorghum 10%, dregs of beans 19.5%, import DDGS 4.5%, soya-bean oil 0.5%, rice bran 5%, multidimensional many ore deposits additive pre-composition 2%, acidulant (main component lactic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid) 0.3%, compound nonreactive additive 0.1%; In feed, albumen, energy, vitamin and mineral raw material adopt prior art, wherein, described compound nonreactive additive will by weight (kg): lactic acid bacteria 50g, bacillus subtilis 100g, bacillus licheniformis 100g, VREF 50g, allicin 100g, capsicim 100g, origanum oil 100g, powdered rice hulls 400g etc., the feed preblending agent mixed in proportion.
Embodiment 2
The little swine feed of a kind of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive, calculate with complete feed, comprise corn 48.1%, Chinese sorghum 20%, dregs of beans 19%, import DDGS 5%, soya-bean oil 0.5%, rice bran 5%, multidimensional many ore deposits additive pre-composition 2%, acidulant (main component lactic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid) 0.2%, compound nonreactive additive 0.2%; In feed, albumen, energy, vitamin and mineral raw material adopt prior art, wherein, described compound nonreactive additive will by weight (kg): antibacterial peptide 100g, lactic acid bacteria 100g, bacillus subtilis 200g, bacillus licheniformis 150g, VREF 50g, allicin 200g, capsicim 200g, origanum oil 200g, phytosterol 100g, powdered rice hulls 700g etc., the feed preblending agent mixed in proportion.
Embodiment 3
The little swine feed of a kind of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive, calculate with complete feed, comprise corn 19.1%, Chinese sorghum 48%, dregs of beans 16%, import DDGS 8%, soya-bean oil 1.5%, rice bran 5%, multidimensional many ore deposits additive pre-composition 2%, acidulant (main component lactic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid) 0.1%, compound nonreactive additive 0.3%; In feed, albumen, energy, vitamin and mineral raw material adopt prior art, wherein, described compound nonreactive additive will by weight (kg): antibacterial peptide 300g, lactic acid bacteria 300g, bacillus subtilis 300g, bacillus licheniformis 200g, VREF 50g, allicin 300g, capsicim 200g, origanum oil 300g, phytosterol 200g, powdered rice hulls 850g etc., the feed preblending agent mixed in proportion.
The feed crude protein 16% of the present embodiment 1 ~ 3, lysine 1.1%, pig digestible energy 3250kcal/kg.
The present embodiment adopts growth performance test and blood biochemical to verify; The DLY tri-crossbreeding 200 of about body weight 40kg male and female half and half is chosen in test, is divided into five test group, and often group 4 is parallel, each parallel 10 pigs.Five groups are feeds utilizedly respectively conventional corn-bean pulp type commercial piglet feed A (drug containing feed addictive aureomycin 75mg/kg, kitasamycin 50mg/kg), conventional corn-bean pulp type commercial feed B (drug containing feed addictive enramycin 20mg/kg, Bacitracin Zinc 40mg/kg).Embodiment of the present invention feed 1,2,3.Test and carry out on test pig farm, 21 days experimental periods, duration of test swinery free choice feeding and freely drinking water, on-test and at the end of morning, in units of hurdle, carry out empty stomach to pig respectively to weigh, in units of hurdle, every day records inventory, surplus doses simultaneously, to investigate pig average daily gain, daily ingestion amount and the index such as feedstuff-meat ratio and meat; Other health and epidemic prevention and daily management are undertaken by this conventional method, 10 the pig vacuum anticoagulant tubes selecting body weight close after off-test from every group carry out vena cava anterior blood sampling, censorship haematogenic immunity index after Cord blood: IgG, IgA, IgM, total protein, albumin, globulin content.
Final experimental result statistics is as follows:
Table 1, often group test daily ration are on the impact of little daily gain in pigs, daily ingestion amount, feedstuff-meat ratio and diarrhea rate
Note: show significant difference (P<0.05) with the different lowercase alphabet of column data shoulder mark
Known by the data of table 1: after 21 days that use the piglet feed of embodiment of the present invention 1-3 to feed, compared with conventional medicament feed addictive (antibiotic) type feed, the little daily gain in pigs of feeding, feed intake, material are than being all significantly improved and improving, namely the mixed feed of embodiment of the present invention 1-3 is not using under antibiotic prerequisite, also the growth demand in piggy stage and disease-resistant demand can be met well, reduce diarrhea rate, be particularly suitable for body weight about 30 ~ 60kg piggy stage.
Table 2, often group test daily ration are on the impact of piggy blood physiological and biochemical indices
Note: show significant difference (P<0.05) with the different lowercase alphabet of column data shoulder mark
Serum immunoglobulin IgG, the change of IgA and IgM level is the immune characteristic that all mammals have, and at maintenance immunity of organisms, viral infection resisting and eliminating pathogen has important function.As can be seen from Table 2 embodiment 1-3 group test swinery not use under any antibiotic prerequisite humoral immune function be improved significantly, Abwehrkraft des Koepers improves, and resistance against diseases strengthens.
Claims (6)
1. the piglet feed nonreactive additive for substitute antibiotics, it is characterized in that, by weight, comprise antibacterial peptide 0 ~ 300 part, lactic acid bacteria 50 ~ 150 parts, bacillus subtilis 100 ~ 300 parts, bacillus licheniformis 100 ~ 300 parts, VREF 0 ~ 150 part, allicin 100 ~ 300 parts, capsicim 100 ~ 200 parts, origanum oil 100 ~ 300 parts, phytosterol 0 ~ 200 part, and be carrier with powdered rice hulls.
2. the piglet feed nonreactive additive for substitute antibiotics according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described antibacterial peptide, VREF and/or phytosterol addition are not 0.
3. the little swine feed of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive, it is characterized in that, by weight, comprise 20 ~ 70 parts, Chinese sorghum 10 ~ 70 parts, dregs of beans 10 ~ 22 parts, DDGS 3 ~ 10 parts, 0 ~ 15 part, soya-bean oil, 0 ~ 10 part, rice bran, 0 ~ 8 part, wheat bran, multidimensional many ore deposits additive pre-composition 2 parts, acidulant 0.1 ~ 0.3 part and the piglet feed nonreactive additive 0.1 ~ 0.3 part according to claims 1 or 2.
4. the little swine feed of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described acidulant is lactic acid, fumaric acid and citric acid.
5. the little swine feed of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive according to claim 3 is reducing the application in piggy diarrhea rate.
6. the little swine feed of efficient and environment-friendly type nonreactive according to claim 3 is improving the application in daily gain, feed intake or material ratio.
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