CN104647775A - 一种阻燃改性轻质板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种阻燃改性轻质板材及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于纤维复合材料改性和加工技术领域,涉及一种阻燃改性轻质板材及其制备方法。所述的阻燃改性轻质板材,由包含以下重量份的组分制成:聚合物纤维60~100份,增强纤维80~120份,液体阻燃剂10~30份,抗氧剂2~4份,分散剂1.5~2.0份。本发明工艺方法简单、成本低,对环境无污染,制得的阻燃改性轻质板材具有环保可回收、低密度、高强度、阻燃耐老化等特点,可广泛应用于建材、车辆内饰件、办公家具等阻燃要求较高的场合。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纤维复合材料改性和加工技术领域,涉及一种阻燃改性轻质板材及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,基于市场上高层建筑和车辆接连发生的消防火灾事故,人们意识到了材料的消防安全的重要性。政府相关部门也出台了一系列关于建筑材料和车辆用材料必须具备的阻燃等级及性能的法律、法规。
目前阻燃材料使用中常通过添加一些阻燃剂,阻燃性方面的确有些改善,但添加的阻燃剂多是含卤。中国专利CN00820086.6公布了一种含卤阻燃剂添加剂的聚丙烯树脂组合物,该材料在长时间室外暴露和水热浸渍处理后仍能保持优异的阻燃性能,即使在厚度薄时也显示了良好的阻燃性能,但是燃烧时发烟量大、产生大量有毒、腐蚀性气体,造成所谓的“二次污染”,给灭火、逃生、和恢复工作带来很大困难。中国专利CN03138746.2公开了一种新型无卤阻燃聚丙烯材料,含有膨胀型阻燃剂,使用效果的确很好。但是,为了达到一定的阻燃效果,需要加入量比较大,一般添加量在40%以上才能取得明显效果。而这类膨胀型阻燃剂是极性物质,和非极性的材料相容性差,大量添加这类阻燃剂必然会造成材料力学性能的大幅度下降。因此,如何结合现有技术,改进纤维复合材料的阻燃和综合力学性能,研制一种阻燃改性的轻质板材,是使纤维复合材料轻质板材应用范围变广和打开市场的必要手段。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于为克服现有技术的缺陷而提供一种阻燃改性轻质板材及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种阻燃改性轻质板材,由包含以下重量份的组分制成:
所述的阻燃改性轻质板材的密度在0.45~0.55g/cm3。
所述的聚合物纤维选自聚丙烯纤维或ES复合纤维,其中所述ES复合纤维为双组分皮芯结构复合纤维,皮层组织选用聚乙烯,芯层组织选用聚丙烯。
所述的聚合物纤维的长度为80~120mm。
所述的增强纤维选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维或麻纤维。
所述的增强纤维的长度为80~120mm。
所述的液体阻燃剂为眯基脲及硼酸酯类化合物,优选的所述的液体阻燃剂pH值5~6。
所述的眯基脲及硼酸酯类化合物选自乙烯基磷酸酯、三‐[氮杂环丙基]‐氧亚膦或脒基脲磷酸盐中的一种或一种以上。所述的抗氧剂选自N,N′‐二(β‐萘基)对苯二胺、硫代二丙酸二月桂酯或1,1,3‐三(2‐甲基‐4‐羟基‐5‐叔丁苯基)丁烷中的一种或一种以上。
所述的分散剂选自硬脂酸钙、聚乙二醇或聚乙烯蜡中的一种或一种以上。
一种上述阻燃改性轻质板材的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)复合基毡制备:将60~100份聚合物纤维和80~120份增强纤维经过非织造工艺制成复合基毡;
(2)溶液配制:将10~30份液体阻燃剂、2~4份抗氧剂和1.5~2.0份分散剂与步骤(2)中原料等量的溶剂水配成50%浓度的溶液;
(3)浸渍、压榨:将步骤(1)的复合基毡经过步骤(2)的溶液充分浸渍、再经双辊压榨;
(4)干燥:将步骤(3)浸渍压榨后的基毡经过鼓风烘箱干燥烘干;
(5)成型:将干燥后的基毡,在平板硫化机模具中塑化成型,模具温度为200~230℃,压力为6~12MPa,并保温保压3~6min;再将平板硫化机在压力保持恒定的条件下降温至115‐125℃,然后卸掉压力,将模压成型后的材料连同模具一起取出,冷却至50~60℃,制得阻燃改性轻质板材。
所述的步骤(1)中,复合基毡的非织造工艺包括混料机混合、梳理机梳理、铺网机铺网、针刺机针刺成毡。
所述的步骤(4)中,所述鼓风烘箱温度为105~130℃,烘干时间为15~25min。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)、本发明的阻燃改性轻质板材,采用液体无卤阻燃剂配制的溶液浸渍吸附到复合基毡上,阻燃改性完全、并且阻燃剂用量小、可回收,对板材的机械性能没影响;
(2)、本发明的阻燃改性轻质板材的制备工艺和方法简单,工艺参数易控制,工艺过程能耗小,节能环保;
(3)、本发明制得的阻燃改性轻质板材力学性能优异、阻燃耐老化且环保可回收,可广泛应用于建材、车辆内饰件、办公家具等阻燃要求较高的场合。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。以下实施例中采用GB(国标)测定复合材料的各项性能,除特殊说明外,组分的份数均为重量份数。各实施例中所使用的液体阻燃剂的pH值为5~6。
实施例1
(1)复合基毡制备:称取100份80mm聚丙烯纤维和80份100mm玻璃纤维经过混料机混合、梳理机梳理、铺网机铺网、针刺机针刺成毡得复合基毡;
(2)溶液配制:称取15份三‐[氮杂环丙基]‐氧亚膦、2.5份硫代二丙酸二月桂酯和2.0份聚乙烯蜡与19.5份溶剂水配成50%浓度的溶液;
(3)浸渍、压榨:将步骤(1)的复合基毡经过步骤(2)的溶液充分浸渍、再经双辊压榨;
(4)干燥:将步骤(3)浸渍压榨后的基毡经过鼓风烘箱干燥烘干20min,温度设定为120℃;
(5)成型:将干燥后的基毡,在平板硫化机模具中塑化成型,模具温度为230℃,压力为10MPa,并保温保压3min;再将平板硫化机在压力保持恒定的条件下降温至120℃,然后卸掉压力,将模压成型后的材料连同模具一起取出,冷却至50~60℃,制得阻燃改性轻质板材。
将所得阻燃改性轻质板材加工成测试样品,测得各项数据见表1。
实施例2
(1)复合基毡制备:称取90份100mmES复合纤维和80份80mm麻纤维经过混料机混合、梳理机梳理、铺网机铺网、针刺机针刺成毡得复合基毡;
(2)溶液配制:称取10份乙烯基磷酸酯、2.0份N,N′‐二(β‐萘基)对苯二胺和1.2份硬脂酸钙及0.6份聚乙烯蜡与13.8份溶剂水配成50%浓度的溶液;
(3)浸渍、压榨:将步骤(1)的复合基毡经过步骤(2)的溶液充分浸渍、再经双辊压榨;
(4)干燥:将步骤(3)浸渍压榨后的基毡经过鼓风烘箱干燥烘干25min,温度设定为105℃;
(5)成型:将干燥后的基毡,在平板硫化机模具中塑化成型,模具温度为200℃,压力为6MPa,并保温保压6min;再将平板硫化机在压力保持恒定的条件下降温至115℃,然后卸掉压力,将模压成型后的材料连同模具一起取出,冷却至50~60℃,制得阻燃改性轻质板材。
将所得阻燃改性轻质板材加工成测试样品,测得各项数据见表1。
实施例3
(1)复合基毡制备:称取80份100mm聚丙烯纤维和90份120mm玻璃纤维经过混料机混合、梳理机梳理、铺网机铺网、针刺机针刺成毡得复合基毡;
(2)溶液配制:称取30份脒基脲磷酸盐、2.0份1,1,3‐三(2‐甲基‐4‐羟基‐5‐叔丁苯基)丁烷及1.0份硫代二丙酸二月桂酯和1.0份聚乙二醇及0.5份硬脂酸钙与34.5份溶剂水配成50%浓度的溶液;
(3)浸渍、压榨:将步骤(1)的复合基毡经过步骤(2)的溶液充分浸渍、再经双辊压榨;
(4)干燥:将步骤(3)浸渍压榨后的基毡经过鼓风烘箱干燥烘干20min,温度设定为125℃;
(5)成型:将干燥后的基毡,在平板硫化机模具中塑化成型,模具温度为220℃,压力为12MPa,并保温保压5min;再将平板硫化机在压力保持恒定的条件下降温至120℃,然后卸掉压力,将模压成型后的材料连同模具一起取出,冷却至50~60℃,制得阻燃改性轻质板材。
将所得阻燃改性轻质板材加工成测试样品,测得各项数据见表1。
实施例4
(1)复合基毡制备:称取60份120mm聚丙烯纤维和120份100mm麻纤维经过混料机混合、梳理机梳理、铺网机铺网、针刺机针刺成毡得复合基毡;
(2)溶液配制:称取24份脒基脲磷酸盐、4.0份硫代二丙酸二月桂酯和2.0份硬脂酸钙与30份溶剂水配成50%浓度的溶液;
(3)浸渍、压榨:将步骤(1)的复合基毡经过步骤(2)的溶液充分浸渍、再经双辊压榨;
(4)干燥:将步骤(3)浸渍压榨后的基毡经过鼓风烘箱干燥烘干15min,温度设定为130℃;
(5)成型:将干燥后的基毡,在平板硫化机模具中塑化成型,模具温度为220℃,压力为8MPa,并保温保压4min;再将平板硫化机在压力保持恒定的条件下降温至125℃,然后卸掉压力,将模压成型后的材料连同模具一起取出,冷却至50~60℃,制得阻燃改性轻质板材。
将所得阻燃改性轻质板材加工成测试样品,测得各项数据见表1。
对比例(与实施例3对照)
本对照例所用的原材料各组分及其重量份数如下:100mm聚丙烯纤维80份、120mm玻璃纤维90份、1,1,3‐三(2‐甲基‐4‐羟基‐5‐叔丁苯基)丁烷2.0份及硫代二丙酸二月桂酯1.0份、乙二醇1.0份及硬脂酸钙0.5份和溶剂水4.5份。
(1)复合基毡制备:称取80份聚丙烯纤维和90份玻璃纤维经过混料机混合、梳理机梳理、铺网机铺网、针刺机针刺成毡得复合基毡;
(2)溶液配制:称取2.0份1,1,3‐三(2‐甲基‐4‐羟基‐5‐叔丁苯基)丁烷及1.0份硫代二丙酸二月桂酯和1.0份聚乙二醇及0.5份硬脂酸钙与34.5份溶剂水配成50%浓度的溶液;
(3)浸渍、压榨:将步骤(1)的复合基毡经过步骤(2)的溶液充分浸渍、再经双辊压榨;
(4)干燥:将步骤(3)浸渍压榨后的基毡经过鼓风烘箱干燥烘干20min,温度设定为125℃;
(5)成型:将干燥后的基毡,在平板硫化机模具中塑化成型,模具温度为220℃,压力为12MPa,并保温保压5min;再将平板硫化机在压力保持恒定的条件下降温至120℃,然后卸掉压力,将模压成型后的材料连同模具一起取出,冷却至50~60℃,制得阻燃改性轻质板材。
将所得阻燃改性轻质板材加工成测试样品,测得各项数据见表1。
实施例1‐4与对照例制备的阻燃改性轻质板材的测试性能如表1:
表1
检测项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 对比例 |
拉伸强度MPa | 27.4 | 24.8 | 34.6 | 32.6 | 34.3 |
弯曲强度MPa | 34.2 | 28.6 | 41.3 | 39.6 | 41.5 |
弯曲模量Mpa | 1442 | 1376 | 1685 | 1612 | 1666 |
热老化保持率% | 88.7 | 86.5 | 92.4 | 93.6 | 91.7 |
密度g/cm3 | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.54 | 0.51 | 0.52 |
氧指数% | 35.2 | 28.8 | 48.6 | 46.5 | 20.4 |
烟密度% | 25.8 | 23.5 | 31.1 | 33.4 | 24.2 |
通过表1数据可分析出,本发明的阻燃改性轻质板材材料综合性能好,具有低密度、高强度、阻燃、耐老化等特点,使用寿命长、成本低等优点。通过实施例3与对照例各数据的比较可以发现,液体阻燃剂的有效改性使轻质板材具有极佳的阻燃性能,氧指数达到未阻燃改性的两倍以上,并且机械性能没有受到阻燃剂添加的影响,烟密度也控制在较低的范围内,阻燃改性的综合效果最佳。此外,本发明的阻燃改性轻质板材同时具有环保可回收、工艺简单等特点,因而是一种性能优异、环境友好、附加值高、应用范围广、市场前景广阔的新材料。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和应用本发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于这里的实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种阻燃改性轻质板材,其特征在于:由包含以下重量份的组分制成:
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃改性轻质板材,其特征在于:所述的阻燃改性轻质板材的密度为0.45~0.55g/cm3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃改性轻质板材,其特征在于:所述的聚合物纤维选自聚丙烯纤维或ES复合纤维,其中所述ES复合纤维为双组分皮芯结构复合纤维,皮层组织选用聚乙烯,芯层组织选用聚丙烯;
或所述的聚合物纤维的长度为80~120mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃改性轻质板材,其特征在于:所述的增强纤维选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维或麻纤维;
或所述的增强纤维的长度为80~120mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃改性轻质板材,其特征在于:所述的液体阻燃剂为眯基脲及硼酸酯类化合物;优选的所述的液体阻燃剂pH值为5~6。
6.根据权利要求5所述的阻燃改性轻质板材,其特征在于:所述的眯基脲及硼酸酯类化合物选自乙烯基磷酸酯、三‐[氮杂环丙基]‐氧亚膦或脒基脲磷酸盐中的一种或一种以上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃改性轻质板材,其特征在于:所述的抗氧剂选自N,N′‐二(β‐萘基)对苯二胺、硫代二丙酸二月桂酯或1,1,3‐三(2‐甲基‐4‐羟基‐5‐叔丁苯基)丁烷中的一种或一种以上;
或所述的分散剂选自硬脂酸钙、聚乙二醇或聚乙烯蜡中的一种或一种以上。
8.一种权利要求1‐7中任一所述的阻燃改性轻质板材的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)制备复合基毡:将60~100份聚合物纤维和80~120份增强纤维经过非织造工艺制成复合基毡;
(2)配制溶液:将10~30份液体阻燃剂、2~4份抗氧剂和1.5~2.0份分散剂与步骤(2)中原料等量的溶剂水配成50%浓度的溶液;
(3)浸渍、压榨:将步骤(1)的复合基毡经过步骤(2)的溶液充分浸渍、再经双辊压榨;
(4)干燥:将步骤(3)浸渍压榨后的基毡经过鼓风烘箱干燥烘干;
(5)成型:将干燥后的基毡,在平板硫化机模具中塑化成型,模具温度为200~230℃,压力为6~12MPa,并保温保压3~6min;再将平板硫化机在压力保持恒定的条件下降温至115‐125℃,然后卸掉压力,将模压成型后的材料连同模具一起取出,冷却至50~60℃,制得阻燃改性轻质板材。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(1)中,复合基毡的非织造工艺包括混料机混合、梳理机梳理、铺网机铺网、针刺机针刺成毡。
10.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(4)中,所述鼓风烘箱温度为105~130℃,烘干时间为15~25min。
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