CN104645770A - 一种旋流板式除尘除雾装置及其使用方法 - Google Patents
一种旋流板式除尘除雾装置及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104645770A CN104645770A CN201510086442.7A CN201510086442A CN104645770A CN 104645770 A CN104645770 A CN 104645770A CN 201510086442 A CN201510086442 A CN 201510086442A CN 104645770 A CN104645770 A CN 104645770A
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- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了一种旋流板式除尘除雾装置，包括分离筒、冲洗圆管和旋流板；所述分离筒的中间具有空腔，内部设置至少一层旋流板；所述冲洗圆管用于喷出清洗剂来清洗所述分离筒的内壁；所述分离筒内设置有夹层，内流冷却介质，分离筒的外侧截面为正六边形，内侧截面为圆形，在分离筒的内表面有凹槽，且在所述分离筒的出口处还设置有环形钩。本发明提供的旋流板式除尘除雾装置为无转动设备、无电气设备，将传统主要用于除雾作用扩展到除雾和除尘一体化功效，运行维护简单，初投资成本和运行成本低，占用空间小，运行阻力低，有很高的工程实用价值。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及烟气净化领域，尤其涉及一种用于火力发电厂、钢铁厂、造纸厂、玻璃厂、化工厂等尾气处理系统中的除尘除雾装置。
背景技术
[0002] 随着国家环保要求的日益严格，要求燃煤火力发电厂实现超净排放甚至近零排放，然而目前全国80%以上的火力发电厂均采用湿法石灰石石膏脱硫技术，锅炉尾气经过脱硫塔后，烟气成为饱和的湿烟气状态，且净烟气中携带了大量的液态微小雾滴，根据JB/T 10989-2010《湿法烟气脱硫装置专用设备除雾器》，要求在所有运行条件下，在除雾器第二级后测得的烟气(即净烟气)中雾滴携带量应小于75mg/m3 (干态，标准工况)，对应的最大液滴尺寸为20微米，即超过20微米以上的雾滴携带总量不超过75mg/m3(干态，标准工况)，对于20微米以下的，不列入除雾器的性能要求范围。随着国家环保要求的提高，要求按照GB/T 21508-2008《燃煤烟气脱硫设备性能测试方法》标准中规定采用镁离子示踪法来测试，要求净烟气中的雾滴携带量小于30mg/m3，甚至要求小于15mg/m3，采用镁离子示踪法即包括20微米以下的所有雾滴。
[0003]国家环保为大力治理雾霾现象，严格控制火力发电厂的粉尘排放，国家颁发了GB13223-2011《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》，要求火力发电厂达到超净排放甚至是近零排放标准，即烟尘浓度不超过5mg/Nm3
[0004] 为了大幅降低净烟气中的雾滴携带含量和烟囱浓度，采用了多种技术途径，比如:
[0005] 不但在吸收塔内设有高效除雾器，而且在脱硫塔出口水平烟道内还设有水平气流除雾器，或者在脱硫塔出口水平烟道内设有湿试静电除尘器，并在湿试静电除尘器下游位置再增加一级或者两级超精细除雾器或者增加热媒气体-气体换热器MGGH。
[0006] 现有技术中湿法烟气脱硫塔采用的除雾器、除尘器包括屋脊式除雾器、湿式静电除尘器、旋流板除雾器等等。
[0007] 常规屋脊式除雾器由于捕捉原理的制约，无法捕悉粒径小于15 μπι的细小液滴，而目前控制脱硫塔出口 5mg/Nm3的烟尘排放浓度就是控制对细小粉尘和细小石膏浆液液滴的脱除。若采用湿式静电除尘器技术，不但存在一次投资大，运行费用高的问题，而且占地面积大。
[0008] 旋流板式除尘除雾器具有初投资省，运行费用低；占用空间小，利于新建和改造项目的总平面布置等优势。
[0009] 传统的旋流板式除雾器的结构如图1-3所示，其中I为盲板，2为旋流叶片，3为罩筒，4为集液槽，5为溢流口，6为异形接管，7为圆形溢流管，8为塔壁(即圆筒)。气流在穿过叶片间隙时变成旋转气流。其中的液滴在惯性作用下以一定的仰角射出作螺旋运动而被甩向外侧，汇集留到溢流槽内，达到除雾目的，除雾效率可达90 %〜99 %。叶片的外端直径、仰角、径向角、开孔率等参数根据实际需要计算获得；旋流板中间有一盲板区，起着联接叶片及支承叶片的作用，同时也起集液和分配液体的作用；旋流板的叶片外端设有罩筒，罩筒与塔壁之间形成集液槽，将沿塔壁降落的液体导入溢流装置。旋流板板式除雾器的气体流速一般可达10〜17m/s。但是，由于传统的旋流板式除雾器主要功能是为除雾作用，对烟尘的去除不是其主要目的，尽管通过改变径向角、开孔率等等设计参数可以起到除尘效果，但是通过试验表明，其分离粉尘的功能并没有突出的性能表现。
[0010]因此，本领域的技术人员致力于开发一种适应烟气流速高、兼顾高效除雾和高效除尘、便于清除拦截下的粉尘防止堵塞的一种旋流板式除尘除雾装置。
发明内容
[0011] 本发明的目的是提供一种应用于湿法脱硫塔饱和净烟气携带的雾滴和烟尘的脱除净化的高效旋流板式除尘除雾装置。
[0012] 为实现以上目的，本发明的技术方案是一种旋流板式除尘除雾装置，包括分离筒、冲洗圆管和旋流板；所述分离筒的中间具有空腔，内部设置至少一层旋流板；所述冲洗圆管用于喷出清洗剂来清洗所述分离筒的内壁。
[0013] 进一步地，所述分离筒的筒壁内设置有夹层，其内通有冷却介质，对饱和的湿烟气起到冷凝作用，由于温差的作用使分离筒的内壁上形成一层均匀稳定的水膜。当饱和的湿烟气经过旋流板式除尘除雾装置时，烟气温度下降析出大量水汽，产生的水汽自动寻找微小雾滴和烟气中的微小粉尘作为凝结核，微小雾滴和微小粉尘吸附大量水汽后长大，将受到更大的离心力以及降低雾滴和烟气之间的摩擦力，在圆筒内旋转流动时形成较大的离心力，从而撞击在分离筒内壁上并被水膜瞬间煙灭，因而起到微小雾滴和微小粉尘被捕获拦截去除的效果。
[0014] 优选地，所述分离筒夹层内的冷却介质为水。
[0015] 优选地，所述分离筒的外壁为正六边形结构，内壁为圆形结构；当所述分离筒具有冷却夹层时，所述夹层的外壁横截面为正六边形，内壁横截面为圆形。
[0016] 优选地，所述分离筒的内腔直径在100〜800mm之间。
[0017] 当所述分离筒内设置有多层旋流板时，所述多层旋流板可沿分离筒的轴向每隔一段距离分布一层；当旋流板的数量设置为一层时，所述分离筒的高度优选为800〜100mm ;当所旋流板的数量设置为两层时，所述分离筒的高度优选为1000〜1600mm。
[0018] 优选地，在所述分离筒的内壁上等间距地设置有多道凹槽，所述凹槽轴向贯穿所述分离筒的内壁，被分离出来的雾滴和粉尘停留在凹槽内，这样雾滴就不容易被重新携带溜走。
[0019] 优选地，在所述分离筒的出口处，沿筒口设置一圈环形钩，用于防止拦截下的雾滴发生二次携带现象。
[0020] 优选地，所述冲洗圆管被设置在所述分离筒的轴心位置，并穿过所述旋流板的中心。当旋流板有两层或者两层以上时候，上方各层的旋流板中心有孔，用以穿过冲洗圆管，底层旋流板的中心有一个不通的沉孔，用以固定冲洗圆管的末端；当旋流板为一层时，所述旋流板的中心有一个不通的沉孔，用以固定冲洗圆管的末端。
[0021] 所述冲洗圆管的管壁上沿轴向每隔一段距离设置一处冲洗口，所述冲洗口优选为由一组均匀环绕所述冲洗圆管表面一周的轴向冲洗缝隙组成，各个冲洗口之间的间隔距离以及各个冲洗缝隙之间的间隔距离的设置，以能把分离筒内壁的所有部位都冲洗到为准。
[0022] 或可选择地，所述冲洗圆管的管壁上设置有多个朝向分离筒内壁的冲洗喷嘴，所述冲洗喷嘴的设置间隔以能把分离筒内壁的所有部位都冲洗到为准。
[0023] 进一步地，所述分离筒的中间为圆柱形空腔，内部设置至少一层旋流板。
[0024] 可选择地，所述旋流板的结构如图1-3中所示，包括中间盲板和至少四片旋流叶片。由于被拦截下的液滴可以直接落回吸收塔浆液池，从而无需设置液滴收集部件，包括溢流口、异形接管、圆形溢流管等部件。
[0025] 优选地，所述旋流板采用蜂窝圆形通孔结构，所述圆形通孔的轴向中心线和垂直向上的烟气流向形成夹角，从而使得烟气流以一定的仰角进入分离筒，同时所述圆形通孔的出口朝向以分离筒中心为圆心以圆形通孔距离该分离筒中心为半径的圆的切向进入分离筒，从而使得烟气流进入分离筒后形成螺旋上升的气流状态。上述旋流板产生螺旋上升气流的原理图参见图9。
[0026] 本发明的旋流板式除尘除雾装置可以单独使用，也可以与波纹板式除雾器等组合使用，即在本旋流板式除尘除雾装置的上游位置设有一级或多级管式除雾器、平板除雾器、屋顶除雾器其中的一种或者两种；也可以在本旋流板式除尘除雾装置的下游位置设有一级或多级平板除雾器、屋顶除雾器其中的一种或者两种；也可以在在本旋流板式除尘除雾装置的上游位置和下游位置均设置一级或多级管式除雾器、平板除雾器、屋顶除雾器其中的一种或者两种。
[0027] 本发明提供的旋流板式除尘除雾装置为无转动设备、无电气设备，将传统主要用于除雾作用扩展到除雾和除尘一体化功效，运行维护简单，初投资成本和运行成本低，占用空间小，运行阻力低(通常< 400Pa);结合德梅斯特公司的传统屋顶除雾器，在现有吸收塔入口条件下，吸收塔除尘器出口粉尘排放浓度可达< 5mg/Nm3;且本发明安装方便，只需布置在喷淋层上部即传统波纹板式除雾器的位置，无结垢风险，其冲洗水的冲洗频率、冲洗水量和冲洗水电动阀门数量和传统波纹板式除雾器相近。
附图说明
[0028] 图1是现有技术旋流板除雾器的正视结构示意图；
[0029] 图2是现有技术旋流板除雾器的仰视结构示意图；
[0030] 图3是现有技术旋流板除雾器的俯视结构示意图；
[0031]图4是实施例1中分离筒的横向截面图；
[0032] 图5是实施例1中冲洗圆管的结构示意图；
[0033] 图6是实施例2中的旋流板式除尘除雾装置的纵向截面示意图；
[0034]图7是实施例2中的旋流板式除尘除雾装置在旋流板处的横向截面图；
[0035] 图8是实施例2中旋流板的纵向和横向截面的对应图；
[0036]图9是数字模拟中实施例2蜂窝圆形通孔式旋流板的气体运动流线图；
[0037] 图10是环形钩的正视结构示意图；
[0038] 图11是实施例3的旋流板式除尘除雾装置与下游位置超精细除雾器结合使用的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0039] 下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明:本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
[0040] 实施例1:旋流板为传统的叶片结构
[0041] 本实施例的旋流板式除尘除雾装置包括分离筒1、冲洗圆管2以及传统的叶片结构旋流板，传统的叶片结构旋流板详见图1至图3 ;由于被拦截下的液滴可以直接落回吸收塔浆液池，从而无需设置液滴收集部件。
[0042]图4所示为本实施例的分离筒I的横向截面示意图，图中11为分离筒的外壁，其为正六边形结构，12为分离筒的内壁，其为圆形结构，在内壁的表面等间距地设置有许多凹槽，被分离出来的雾滴和粉尘停留在凹槽内，不容易被重新携带走。在外壁11和内壁12之间是一个夹层13，可在所述夹层内通冷却水，由于烟气温度较高，内外温差使内壁表面形成一层水膜，使撞击在内壁上的雾滴和烟气在水膜中煙灭。此外，在夹层内按一定间隔设置多根加强筋14，用于防止分离筒发生变形。
[0043] 图5为本实施例的冲洗圆管的结构示意图，所述冲洗圆管穿过所述分离筒的中轴线，并穿过所述叶片结构旋流板的盲板中心，图中21是由一组均匀环绕所述冲洗圆管表面一周的轴向冲洗缝隙组成的冲洗口，22是冲洗圆管与旋流板的固定处。
[0044] 实施例2旋流板为蜂窝圆形通孔结构
[0045] 本实施例的旋流板式除尘除雾装置结构如图6和图7所示，包括分离筒1、冲洗圆管2以及两层蜂窝圆形通孔结构的旋流板3，所述分离筒的出口处还设置有一圈环形钩4。其中，分离筒I和冲洗圆管2的结构与实施例1中相同。
[0046] 图8为本实施例中旋流板的纵向和横向截面的对应图，图中31为通孔，32为冲洗圆管的插入孔。所述通孔在旋流板的横截面上为圆形，但在旋流板内部沿分离筒轴向具有一定折弯角度。从图中可见，所述圆形通孔沿旋流板的半径排列，且每列通孔的横截面直径沿半径向外呈等比例地依次增大，每两列通孔之间的圆心角为20°。
[0047] 所述圆形通孔的轴向中心线和垂直向上的烟气流向形成夹角，从而使得烟气流以一定的仰角离开旋流板而进入分离筒，同时所述圆形通孔的出口朝向以两层旋流板之间的分离筒中心为圆心以圆形通孔距离该两层旋流板之间的分离筒中心为半径的圆的切向离开旋流板，进入分离筒，从而使得烟气流经过旋流板后形成螺旋上升的气流状态。图9为本实施例的螺旋气流模拟图。
[0048] 图10为本实施例中环形钩的正视结构示意图，图中虚线表示该环形钩的内部轮廓，所述环形钩为圆环结构，具有向外凸出的上边缘，其半径对应于分离筒的内径，可以箍在分离筒上，由于其底边在分离筒的内部，使得拦截下的雾滴不会随着气流再次飞出。
[0049] 实施例3旋流板式除尘除雾装置与下游位置超精细除雾器结合使用
[0050] 图11所示为本发明旋流板式除尘除雾装置与下游位置超精细除雾器结合使用时一个优选实施例的结构示意图，本实施例中在吸收塔内并列设计多个旋流板式除尘除雾装置1，在其下游还设置有一级屋顶型超精细除雾器2，此外还相应设置有多个法兰及水管3 ;从图中可见，本发明的安装非常方便，只需布置在原有的传统波纹板式除雾器的位置即可。
[0051] 以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种旋流板式除尘除雾装置，其特征在于，包括分离筒、冲洗圆管和旋流板；所述分离筒的中间具有空腔，内部设置至少一层旋流板；所述冲洗圆管用于喷出清洗剂来清洗所述分离筒的内壁；所述分离筒的筒壁内设置有夹层，其内通有冷却介质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的旋流板式除尘除雾装置，其特征在于，所述分离筒的外壁为正六边形结构，内壁为圆形结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的旋流板式除尘除雾装置，其特征在于，在所述分离筒的内壁上设置有多道凹槽。
4.根据权利要求1所述的旋流板式除尘除雾装置，其特征在于，在所述分离筒的出口边沿处，沿筒口设置一圈环形钩，用于防止被拦截下的液滴发生二次携带现象。
5.根据权利要求1所述的旋流板式除尘除雾装置，其特征在于，所述冲洗圆管被设置在所述分离筒的轴心位置，并穿过所述旋流板的中心。
6.根据权利要求5所述的旋流板式除尘除雾装置，其特征在于，所述冲洗圆管的管壁上沿轴向每隔一段距离设置一处冲洗口，所述冲洗口由一组均匀环绕所述冲洗圆管表面一周的轴向冲洗缝隙组成。
7.根据权利要求5所述的旋流板式除尘除雾装置，其特征在于，所述冲洗圆管的管壁上设置有多个朝向分离筒内壁的冲洗喷嘴。
8.根据权利要求1所述的旋流板式除尘除雾装置，其特征在于，所述旋流板包括中间盲板和至少四片旋流叶片。
9.根据权利要求1所述的旋流板式除尘除雾装置，其特征在于，所述旋流板采用蜂窝圆形通孔结构，所述圆形通孔的轴向中心线和垂直向上的烟气流向形成夹角，从而使得烟气流以一定的仰角进入分离筒，同时所述圆形通孔的出口朝向以分离筒中心为圆心以圆形通孔距离该分离筒中心为半径的圆的切向进入分离筒，烟气流进入分离筒后形成螺旋上升的气流状态。
10.一种将权利要求1-9中任一项所述的旋流板式除尘除雾装置用于湿法脱硫塔饱和净烟气携带的雾滴和烟尘的脱除净化的方法，其特征在于，所述旋流板式除尘除雾装置单独使用，或与一级或多级管式除雾器、平板除雾器、屋顶除雾器中的一种或多种组合使用。
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| CN104959014A (zh) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-10-07 | 北京中晶佳镁环境科技股份有限公司 | 除尘除雾设备、处理塔及用途 |
| CN105251309A (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-01-20 | 江苏中立环保科技有限公司 | 高效节能静态除尘除雾器及其处理方法 |
| CN105562207A (zh) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-05-11 | 北京清新环境技术股份有限公司 | 一种管束式除尘除雾装置 |
| CN106178775A (zh) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-12-07 | 华电电力科学研究院 | 低阻力‑旋流耦合除尘除雾装置的除尘除雾单元及方法 |
| CN106731594A (zh) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-31 | 国电环境保护研究院 | 一种同时改变流场与化学场的高效湿法脱硫方法以及装置 |
| WO2019214021A1 (zh) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-11-14 | Xu Tianyuan | 一种带冲洗系统叠层并列组合式旋流型除尘除雾装置 |
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| CN106731594A (zh) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-31 | 国电环境保护研究院 | 一种同时改变流场与化学场的高效湿法脱硫方法以及装置 |
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