CN104641927A - Open type and bacterial spawn type cultivation method of shiitake mushroom - Google Patents
Open type and bacterial spawn type cultivation method of shiitake mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN104641927A CN104641927A CN201310596765.1A CN201310596765A CN104641927A CN 104641927 A CN104641927 A CN 104641927A CN 201310596765 A CN201310596765 A CN 201310596765A CN 104641927 A CN104641927 A CN 104641927A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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Abstract
Provided is an open type and bacterial spawn type cultivation method of shiitake mushroom. The method specifically comprises the following steps: preparing a compost consisting of corncobs, saw dusts, bran and gypsums; packing the compost in large woven bags during disinfecting; directly mixing and packaging the strain and the compost in bags during inoculating; then processing with mycelium cultivation, binding spawn after breaking the bags, management during coloring, and soaking; finally managing the mushroom fruiting, and harvesting mushrooms. By implementing the method, the compost is packed in large woven bags during disinfecting, thus the operation is labor-saving and time-saving, as well as efficient. Meanwhile, in the implementation process of the method, the strain and the compost are directly mixed and packaged into bags, this measure makes the strain be uniformly distributed in the compost, and the strain is in large amount, and massive in germinating points; once the strain is germinated, the compost is used up very soon; the contamination rate is low. Moreover, the method is very applicable to industrial, large-scale and concentrated production of shiitake mushrooms, and worthy of being popularized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of edible fungus culturing new technical field, it is open and with bacterial spawn formula cultivation method to be specifically related to a kind of mushroom.
Background technology
Mushroom has another name called winter gill fungus, dried mushroom, is a kind of large-scale agaric, botany classification is subordinate to Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, Pleurotaceae, Lentinus.Be made up of mycelium and fruit body two large divisions.By the time slightly large in fruit body, bacteria cover diameter 5-12cm, large reached at 20cm, flat hemispherical is to slightly open and flat, shallow brown, deeply brown to dark yellowish pink, has scale; Bacterial context white, plump, fine and closely woven; White, close, the curved life of lamella, Length discrepancy; Raw or wilfully in castor handle, whitely very take bitter look, bending, long 3-8cm, thick 0.5-1.5cm, collarium white easily disappears, and has cilium shape white flakes below stem, the real later stage nearly cellulosic of meat; Spore print white; Spore is colourless, smooth, oval to oval, 4.5-7*3-4 μm.At natural world, autumn, winter, spring be born on broadleaf tree, all living creatures.
The requirement of different phase to living condition that mushroom occurs in spore germination, mycelial growth and fruit body is different.
(1) nutritional need: mushroom is a kind of wooden saprophytic bacteria relies on the nutrition of decomposing in mushroom wood or medium to live.Main nutrient composition is carbohydrate and nitrogen-containing compound, also needs a small amount of mineral salt and vitamin etc.Carbon source is best with the monose such as glucose, fructose, the disaccharide such as sucrose, maltose takes second place, starch third, wood sugar, arabinose, ribose, rhamnose, mannose, synanthrin etc. almost can not utilize, nitrogenous source can utilize organic nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen, can not utilize nitrate nitrogen, in organic nitrogen, histidine and lysine can not be utilized.C/N ratio the vegetative phase with 25-40:1 as well.Generative growth phase is most suitable with 73:1-600:1.
(2) temperature requirements: spore germination temperature 16-30 DEG C, optimum temperature is 22-26 DEG C.Mycelial growth temperature 5-30 DEG C, optimum temperature 24-27 DEG C, shiitake mushroom hypha is cryophylactic very capable, winter temperature is low when reaching-20--30 DEG C, and the mycelia of mushroom also can not be dead, even if the mushroom flower bud that bag is planted is freezed, delay after freezing gradually, can also normal growth, the mushroom of land cultivation, can also adopt 2-3 tide mushroom again after thawing the coming year.Sporophore growth developmental temperature is 5-25 DEG C, optimum temperature 13-18 DEG C.Even if temperature drift or on the low sidely also to grow after existing former base, but the mushroom body grown up under thermophilic condition, handle slightly covers thick, and color and luster might as well; At 20-26 DEG C, sporophore growth is rapid, very fast parachute-opening, and the thin handle of meat is long, and quality declines; During low temperature, mushroom growth is slow, and quality is fine and close, and superior in quality, vegetative period is longer.Low temperature and day and night temperature reach more than 10 DEG C, can promote fruiting body differentiation, bear the mushroom of high-quality, and therefore, when mycelium reaches physiological ripening, in production, the increase temperature difference of conventional cooling stimulates thalline to grow.
(3) moisture requirement: moisture is spore germination, mycelial growth and fruit body development essential condition.In the mycelial growth stage, at 50-70% as well, in the fruiting stage, air themperature should bring up to 80-90% to air humidity.When making bacterial classification and the cultivation of well done material, moisture content in medium with about 60% as well.Adopt semi-mature material cultivation mode, Compost moisture content is with about 58%.
(4) air requirements: mushroom is aerobic mushroom, in airless situation, CO2 accumulation too much, can affect the growth of mycelial growth and fruit body.In air, CO2 content reaches more than 1% more than 0.03%, and mushroom body is childlike and do sth. in advance parachute-opening, if just can not grow up to 5% mushroom.So mushroom field is selected in the place of air circulation as far as possible, in cultivation management, the logical oxygen that in good time ventilates is a key links of success or failure.
(5) lighting requirements: shiitake mushroom hypha grows soon under dark condition under having optical condition, but when unglazed, mushroom flower bud is difficult to be formed, and the normal growth of fruit body also needs certain light, and the intensity of illumination is also relevant with the pigment deposition of fruit body.Weakly directly affect fruiting as light is crossed during fruiting, not only fruiting yields poorly, of poor quality, and stem is grown fast, and cap differentiation is slow, and a shape is little, handle excessive growth, and cap look light; But too much direct light can reduce the air humidity of cultivation field, mushroom body moisture evaporates, mycoderma cracking, is also harmful to the growth of fruit body.Therefore, when selecting mushroom field, must have suitable cover from sun, shade rate is comparatively suitable at 65-75%.
(6) acid-base value: shiitake mushroom hypha vegetative stage requires the environment of meta-acid, and PH3-7 can grow, with PH4.5-5.0 optimum.PH value is most suitable for the formation of the former base of mushroom and growing of fruit body when 3.5-4.5.
Summary of the invention
It is open and with bacterial spawn formula cultivation method that object of the present invention is just to provide brand-new a kind of mushroom.Specifically comprise: the composts or fertilisers of cultivating be made up of corncob, wood chip, wheat bran, gypsum, be sub-packed in large-scale woven bag during culture material sterilization, bacterial classification and composts or fertilisers of cultivating are directly stirred pack again during inoculation, then through cultural hypha, broken bag bundle post, annesl management, immersion process, finally management of producing mushroom is carried out and mushroom is gathered.By implementing the present invention, be sub-packed in large-scale woven bag during culture material sterilization, saving of work and time during operation, efficiency is high.Meanwhile, the present invention is in implementation process, and be bacterial classification and composts or fertilisers of cultivating are directly stirred to pack during inoculation, this behave makes bacterial classification be dispersed throughout in composts or fertilisers of cultivating again, and bacterial classification amount is large, and germination point is many, once sprout, eat up material very soon, pollution rate is low.In addition, implement the present invention, be very applicable to mushroom plant, scale, intensive manufacture, be worth promoting.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of mushroom is open and with bacterial spawn formula cultivation method, comprises the steps: in technical scheme
1, raw material composition and proportioning: corncob 46%, wood chip 35%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 1%, water is appropriate.
2, spice: above-mentioned raw materials is mixed and stirs, and then admix appropriate water the moisture of compound is adjusted to 55 ~ 60%.
3, composts or fertilisers of cultivating pack: be sub-packed in by composts or fertilisers of cultivating in woven bag, every sacked material is to 2/3 of woven bag.
4, culture material sterilization: the woven bag that composts or fertilisers of cultivating is housed is positioned in autoclave, and conveniently carries out disinfection.
5, planting material cooling: first cooling chamber is carried out pasteurised completely, then composts or fertilisers of cultivating is moved on in cooling chamber, open braiding sack, make composts or fertilisers of cultivating be cooled to normal temperature.
6, inoculate: first bacterial classification is broken into iblet size, stir together with being then blended directly in planting material by bacterial classification, sowing quantity is 20 ~ 30% of planting material, then packs, each sack drilling device makes a call to 4 row's eyes, namely completes inoculation operation.
7, cultural hypha: be conventionally cultured to mycelia and have thorough grasp composts or fertilisers of cultivating.
8, broken bag bundle post: after the whole dense white of hyphal surface of bacterial spawn, when having the position of 2/3 to have a protuberance on bacterial spawn, start broken bag bundle post, a little broken bacterium block will be put in centre, and after several days, bacterial spawn has just grown together naturally.
9, annesl management: conventionally carry out annesl management.
10, immersion process: after bacterial spawn annesl, former base forms front immersion, just different bacterial spawns is soaked respectively during immersion, ill independent process.
11, management of producing mushroom: the immersion time of latter 5 ~ 7 days, bacterial spawn generally forms former base, mushroom canopy temperature 15 ~ 24 degree be kept, relative moisture 85 ~ 95%, simultaneously well-ventilated in mushroom canopy, air is fresh, is the necessary condition of the good fruiting of mushroom; During 1st ~ 2 damp mushroom, keep moisture by the method for water spray, also directly can soak and urge mushroom; During 3rd ~ 4 damp mushroom, bacterial spawn dehydration is more, when water content drops to 40%, can use cold water soak bacterial spawn, makes bacterial spawn reach the water content of 60%.
12, mushroom is gathered: general when medium well, namely mycoderm is broken, and cap launches not yet completely, still has a little curls inward, is formed on " bronze gong limit "; When lamella all extends and transfers yellowish-brown or dark brown to by white, it it is the picking time that mushroom is the suitableeest.
The present invention both had the following advantages:
1, mushroom proposed by the invention is open and unique with the measure of bacterial spawn formula cultivation method, and production process technology is simple, easily implements.
2, by implementing the present invention, be sub-packed in large-scale woven bag during culture material sterilization, saving of work and time during operation, efficiency is high.
3, the present invention is in implementation process, is bacterial classification and composts or fertilisers of cultivating directly to be stirred to pack during inoculation again, and this behave makes bacterial classification be dispersed throughout in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, and bacterial classification amount is large, and germination point is many, once sprout, eat up material very soon, pollution rate is low.
4, implement the present invention, be very applicable to mushroom plant, scale, intensive manufacture, be worth promoting.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, method of the present invention is further illustrated.
A kind of mushroom is open and with bacterial spawn formula cultivation method, and embodiment is as follows:
1, raw material composition and proportioning: corncob 46%, wood chip 35%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 1%, water is appropriate.
2, spice: above-mentioned raw materials is mixed and stirs, and then admix appropriate water the moisture of compound is adjusted to 55 ~ 60%.
3, composts or fertilisers of cultivating pack: be sub-packed in by composts or fertilisers of cultivating in woven bag, every sacked material is to 2/3 of woven bag.
4, culture material sterilization: the woven bag that composts or fertilisers of cultivating is housed is positioned in autoclave, and conveniently carries out disinfection.
5, planting material cooling: first cooling chamber is carried out pasteurised completely, then composts or fertilisers of cultivating is moved on in cooling chamber, open braiding sack, make composts or fertilisers of cultivating be cooled to normal temperature.
6, inoculate: first bacterial classification is broken into iblet size, stir together with being then blended directly in planting material by bacterial classification, sowing quantity is 20 ~ 30% of planting material, then packs, each sack drilling device makes a call to 4 row's eyes, namely completes inoculation operation.
7, cultural hypha: be conventionally cultured to mycelia and have thorough grasp composts or fertilisers of cultivating.
8, broken bag bundle post: after the whole dense white of hyphal surface of bacterial spawn, when having the position of 2/3 to have a protuberance on bacterial spawn, start broken bag bundle post, a little broken bacterium block will be put in centre, and after several days, bacterial spawn has just grown together naturally.
9, annesl management: conventionally carry out annesl management.
10, immersion process: after bacterial spawn annesl, former base forms front immersion, just different bacterial spawns is soaked respectively during immersion, ill independent process.
11, management of producing mushroom: the immersion time of latter 5 ~ 7 days, bacterial spawn generally forms former base, mushroom canopy temperature 15 ~ 24 degree be kept, relative moisture 85 ~ 95%, simultaneously well-ventilated in mushroom canopy, air is fresh, is the necessary condition of the good fruiting of mushroom; During 1st ~ 2 damp mushroom, keep moisture by the method for water spray, also directly can soak and urge mushroom; During 3rd ~ 4 damp mushroom, bacterial spawn dehydration is more, when water content drops to 40%, can use cold water soak bacterial spawn, makes bacterial spawn reach the water content of 60%.
12, mushroom is gathered: general when medium well, namely mycoderm is broken, and cap launches not yet completely, still has a little curls inward, is formed on " bronze gong limit "; When lamella all extends and transfers yellowish-brown or dark brown to by white, it it is the picking time that mushroom is the suitableeest.
Claims (1)
1. mushroom is open and with a bacterial spawn formula cultivation method, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) raw material composition and proportioning: corncob 46%, wood chip 35%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 1%, water is appropriate;
(2) spice: above-mentioned raw materials is mixed and stirs, and then admix appropriate water the moisture of compound is adjusted to 55 ~ 60%;
(3) composts or fertilisers of cultivating pack: be sub-packed in by composts or fertilisers of cultivating in woven bag, every sacked material is to 2/3 of woven bag;
(4) culture material sterilization: the woven bag that composts or fertilisers of cultivating is housed is positioned in autoclave, and conveniently carries out disinfection;
(5) planting material cooling: first cooling chamber is carried out pasteurised completely, then composts or fertilisers of cultivating is moved on in cooling chamber, open braiding sack, make composts or fertilisers of cultivating be cooled to normal temperature;
(6) inoculate: first bacterial classification is broken into iblet size, stir together with being then blended directly in planting material by bacterial classification, sowing quantity is 20 ~ 30% of planting material, then packs, each sack drilling device makes a call to 4 row's eyes, namely completes inoculation operation;
(7) cultural hypha: be conventionally cultured to mycelia and have thorough grasp composts or fertilisers of cultivating;
(8) broken bag bundle post: after the whole dense white of hyphal surface of bacterial spawn, when having the position of 2/3 to have a protuberance on bacterial spawn, start broken bag bundle post, a little broken bacterium block will be put in centre, and after several days, bacterial spawn has just grown together naturally;
(9) annesl management: conventionally carry out annesl management;
(10) immersion process: after bacterial spawn annesl, former base forms front immersion, just different bacterial spawns is soaked respectively during immersion, ill independent process;
(11) management of producing mushroom: the immersion time of latter 5 ~ 7 days, bacterial spawn generally forms former base, mushroom canopy temperature 15 ~ 24 degree be kept, relative moisture 85 ~ 95%, simultaneously well-ventilated in mushroom canopy, air is fresh, is the necessary condition of the good fruiting of mushroom; During 1st ~ 2 damp mushroom, keep moisture by the method for water spray, also directly can soak and urge mushroom; During 3rd ~ 4 damp mushroom, bacterial spawn dehydration is more, when water content drops to 40%, can use cold water soak bacterial spawn, makes bacterial spawn reach the water content of 60%;
(12) mushroom is gathered: general when medium well, namely mycoderm is broken, and cap launches not yet completely, still has a little curls inward, is formed on " bronze gong limit "; When lamella all extends and transfers yellowish-brown or dark brown to by white, it it is the picking time that mushroom is the suitableeest.
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| CN201310596765.1A CN104641927A (en) | 2013-11-24 | 2013-11-24 | Open type and bacterial spawn type cultivation method of shiitake mushroom |
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| CN201310596765.1A CN104641927A (en) | 2013-11-24 | 2013-11-24 | Open type and bacterial spawn type cultivation method of shiitake mushroom |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106479901A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-03-08 | 山东惠民春生食用菌科技开发有限公司 | A kind of Xianggu mushroom strain and its application in method for cultivating mushroom |
| CN109952914A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-07-02 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of culture medium and preparation method, cultural method for cultivating champignon |
-
2013
- 2013-11-24 CN CN201310596765.1A patent/CN104641927A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106479901A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-03-08 | 山东惠民春生食用菌科技开发有限公司 | A kind of Xianggu mushroom strain and its application in method for cultivating mushroom |
| CN106479901B (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2019-09-27 | 山东惠民春生食用菌科技开发有限公司 | A kind of Xianggu mushroom strain and its application in method for cultivating mushroom |
| CN109952914A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-07-02 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of culture medium and preparation method, cultural method for cultivating champignon |
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Application publication date: 20150527 |