CN104641899A - Transmitting arch crown transplanting method for tobacco seedlings - Google Patents
Transmitting arch crown transplanting method for tobacco seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN104641899A CN104641899A CN201510055091.3A CN201510055091A CN104641899A CN 104641899 A CN104641899 A CN 104641899A CN 201510055091 A CN201510055091 A CN 201510055091A CN 104641899 A CN104641899 A CN 104641899A
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- cover
- hole
- seedling
- soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a transmitting arch crown transplanting method for tobacco seedlings. The transmitting arch crown transplanting method comprises the following steps of punching soil to form holes, transplanting the tobacco seedlings into the holes, covering a transmitting arch crown protection cover on each hole, and removing the protection cover in the event that leaves at the top end of the grown tobacco seedling are in contact with the top of the protection cover. During transplanting, fertilization and watering do not need. The cover body of the protection cover is 8-12cm in depth; the diameter of the cover body is 18-20cm; the cover edge is 1-2cm in width. The invention provides a new tobacco seedling transplanting method, which does not use mulching films, so that the environment pollution problem caused by that the mulching films remained in soil are difficult to degrade is solved; the complex operation of mulching film breaking and seedling pulling can be avoided, so that the diseases brought by the operation of the seedling pulling can be reduced. Therefore, the method provides sufficient guarantee for the safety of the tobacco seedlings in cold weathers and other extreme weathers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cigarette seedling culture technique, more specifically, provide a kind of printing opacity vault transplanting method of cigarette seedling.
Background technology
In order to improve soil temperature, water conservation soil conservation, fertilizer conservation, raising fertilizer efficiency, usually at covered ground film (mulch film), mulch film has the short length of mulch and waits effect.But a large amount of plastic film covered in field is difficult to reclaim, after crop harvesting, mulch film remains in soil, be difficult to degraded, pollution and harm is caused to soil, stretching especially along with plasticiser disturbance, whether mulch film cannot sedimentation can cause content of plasticizing agent in soil too high and the problem affecting the health of people makes us extremely worrying.
At present, mulch film is widely used in the cultivation aspect of cigarette seedling.Transplanting is the key link of tobacco leaf production aspect.Tobacco growers are often one of transplanting five high pointes being classified as tobacco leaf production, significant.Because cigarette seedling is to very temperature sensitive reason, if when ambient air temperature is lower than about 8 DEG C, easily causes the early blossoming of cigarette seedling, cause the reduction of income and Quality Down, so usually adopt plastic mulching in transplanting process.General according to transplanting time requirement, deep plough to plot in good time, carefully harrow, high ridging, transplant cigarette seedling, cover mulch film, mulch film againsts soil.The same day beats the pool, the same day transplant, the same day epiphragma.This mode is transplanted, and the growing space of cigarette seedling is very limited, and mulch film will soon hinder tobacco seedling growth, so need rupture of membranes and draw seedling, breaks the hole of 5 ~ 6 centimetres, drawn out by the leaf of cigarette seedling above cigarette seedling.This mode of operation is more loaded down with trivial details, and time limit requires relatively stricter (not so cigarette seedling easily occurs and presses close to mulch film generation burning seedling), and the operation of drawing seedling easily causes again the propagation of disease and the damage of cigarette seedling.
The little transplantation of seedlings of flue-cured tobacco " Jing Jiao " formula is the new paragon of a kind of mulch film cigarette transplantation of seedlings, first ridging covering with plastic film, be coated with the face, ridge of mulch film by prescribed distance well-digging cellar for storing things, then cigarette seedling is put into hole, cover cigarette shoot root portion matrix with a small amount of fine earth, cigarette seedling leaf can not stretch out outside hole, when the blade of cigarette seedling grows after outside hole completely, use wet soil sealing of hole and mulch film mouth again, other management is identical with conventional mulch film cigarette.Simultaneously this mode is first punched in face, ridge and mulch film, and cigarette seedling is growth in " Jing Jiao ".Only preserve plastic mulching at the soil locations do not punched, the form that the mouth of " Jing Jiao " opens wide is unfavorable for being incubated preserve moisture and fertility, limited efficiency.
In fact; rupture of membranes and the period after drawing seedling are approximately annual by the end of February to the beginning of March; cigarette seedling also often can run into some extreme weathers (frost and ice damage etc.), and existing cultivation method cannot avoid extreme weather to the damage of cigarette seedling, causes the reduction of income and quality of tobacco to decline.
Moreover, no matter to transplant under traditional film or " Jing Jiao " formula is transplanted, all use mulch film, because mulch film is very thin, behind exposing to the weather after a while, cannot reclaim at all, the same with other crop film-mulching cultivations, insurmountable problem is that mulch film remains in soil, cannot reclaim, be difficult to degraded, pollution and harm is caused to soil.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the deficiency overcoming existing cigarette transplantation of seedlings technology, provides a kind of printing opacity vault cultivation method of cigarette seedling, and specific aim solves heating cold-resistant problem and overcoming the soil pollution defect that plastic mulching causes in cigarette transplantation of seedlings process.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of printing opacity vault transplanting method of cigarette seedling is provided, comprises the following steps:
S1. soil is punched, form hole;
S2. by cultivate cigarette transplantation of seedlings to hole, banket in right amount, irrigate surely plough water;
S3. printing opacity vault protective cover on the mouth mask of hole, fixes described protective cover with soil;
S4. tobacco seedling growth takes protective cover away to during top by contact protection cover of the blade on its top, and period does not need fertilising and waters, and then, fills and leads up hole with soil, conventionally cultivates cigarette strain;
Wherein, the cigarette seedling cultivated described in S2 is for growing to cigarette seedling time " five leaf one cores ";
Printing opacity vault protective cover described in S3 adopts light transmissive material to prepare, and comprises the cover body with accommodating cavity, and cover body connects cover top and cover edge, and cover body, cover top and cover are along being structure as a whole, and described cover is along the edge pasting contact hole cave mouth.
Described protective cover can adopt the making material of the existing products such as the disposable bowl of existing plastics to be made, also can be prepared by processing and forming, preferably, the degree of depth of the cover body of described protective cover is 8 ~ 12cm, the diameter in diameter and described hole is suitable, and the width on described cover edge is 1 ~ 2cm; The fixing described protective cover of described soil buries described cover edge with soil.
The fixing described protective cover of described soil buries described cover edge with soil, realizes fixing, ensures that protective cover is not at will moved or be blown away.
Preferably, described in S1, the aperture in hole is about 8 ~ 10cm, and the degree of depth is about 18 ~ 20cm; Be set to taper bottom preferred hole, conical bottom hole is convenient to the fixing of cigarette seedling and is banketed;
Preferably, large more than the 10cm of diameter in the diameter than hole cave of described cover body.Preferably, the diameter of described cover body is 18 ~ 20cm.
Preferably, described in S1 between hole and hole (spacing in the rows) be spaced apart 45 ~ 55cm; Line-spacing be spaced apart 1.1 ~ 1.2m;
Further preferably, described cover is provided with cone nail along the one side of pasting contact hole cave mouth;
Further preferably, described cover body is provided with reinforcement, and reinforcement extends to cover edge from cover top, and leans out cover along forming cone nail, and described cone nail is integrated with reinforcement to be formed.
Preferably, described cone nail is 2 ~ 3.
Preferably, outside, described cover top is provided with handle, and during convenient recovery described protective device, lift uses.
Further preferably, described protective cover comprises some cover unit and the syndeton being connected described some cover unit, and described cover unit comprises the cover body with accommodating cavity, and cover body connects cover top and cover edge, cover body, cover top and cover are along being structure as a whole, and described cover is along pasting the edge touching " Jing Jiao " mouth; The syndeton of the described some cover unit of described connection comprise be arranged at each cover top on tie point and the connecting rod being connected each tie point.
Alternatively, the tie point be arranged at described on each cover top is made with the connecting rod being connected each tie point is integrated.
Alternatively, the described tie point be arranged on each cover top is short plastic column, described connecting rod and each tie point junction are provided with adapter sleeve, and described adapter sleeve is socketed on described plastic column suitablely, described plastic column are provided with the structure hindering adapter sleeve to depart from joint pin.
Alternatively, described in the tie point be arranged on each cover top be pore structure, described connecting rod can push up and is connected with covering through this pore structure.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention breaks through the limitation of the cigarette seedling cultivating method mulched (under film little transplantation of seedlings) that prior art is widelyd popularize, and provide a kind of new cigarette method for transplanting, compared with transplantation of seedlings little under film, the present invention has the beneficial effect of following eight aspects:
1. avoid use mulch film, overcome the consequence such as spoiled soil, contaminated environment using mulch film to cause.Little transplantation of seedlings under prior art film, the mulch film of use is broken after exposing to the weather, and is difficult to reclaim, and remains in soil, is difficult to degraded, causes pollution and harm to soil.The protective device that the present invention adopts easily reclaims, and can not be entangled with difficult point, avoid the consequence such as spoiled soil, contaminated environment to a great extent with soil.
2. protective cover of the present invention can recycle and reuse, and saves goods and materials cost.
3. decrease rupture of membranes and the troublesome operation drawing seedling, watering, fertilizing work heavy after it also avoid rupture of membranes simultaneously and drawing seedling, saves cost of labor.
Transplant under existing film in order to avoid " burning seedling " phenomenon occurs cigarette seedling contact mulch film, need pay close attention to tobacco seedling growth and mulch film broken a hole in time, cigarette seedling is drawn out from hole come.The assurance of the size at the hole broken by mulch film is to seedling safety and grow most important (asking for an interview " thinking to seedling transplantation technique under tobacco leaf film ", the online special draft author of tobacco: Yang Hongwu, on June 19th, 2013), and will to control for the mulch film tightened the size breaking hole well be very difficult, this operation very loaded down with trivial details, and time upper requirement is very tight, misoperation will occur to burn the serious problems such as seedling.After cigarette seedling being drawn out from mulch film come; the part only having mulch film still to cover can continue the function keeping preserve moisture and fertility; because the soil part of tobacco seedling growth is without mulch film protection, rupture of membranes just needs to carry out the supply of moisture required for cellar culture and fertilizer after drawing seedling.
The present invention conscientiously studies targetedly to the time of cigarette transplantation of seedlings, the space requirement of the rear growth of transplanting; careful design specification size the space that formed of protective cover can ensure cigarette transplantation of seedlings after have more growth time about about 20 days than existing mulch film transplanting method; ensure that the cigarette seedling of transplanting grows to when the blade on cigarette seedling top is about to touch cover top from " five leaf one cores "; just in time that temperature gets warm again after a cold spell the time; the growth period slitless connection " going out cover " with the weather got warm again after a cold spell and cigarette seedling after opening protective cover; open described protective device, economic and practical.
And cigarette seedling growing period in protective cover, do not need fertilising, also do not need to water, truly achieve water conservation and fertilizer conservation, simple in operation, this stage realizes " putting things right once and for all ".
4. the growing space of cigarette seedling of the present invention is large, the damage that the operation avoiding rupture of membranes and draw seedling causes cigarette seedling and disease spread.As previously mentioned, transplant required rupture of membranes under existing film and draw seedling by manually completing, draw in seedling process and be difficult to avoid to the damage of cigarette seedling.Draw in seedling operation, drawn a cigarette seedling and then drawn another cigarette seedling, easy people is the propagation causing disease.Cigarette seedling only growth under protective cover of the present invention, can effectively avoid by harm such as aphids, the possibility of the disease spread between cigarette seedling also greatly reduces, and the present invention has abandoned rupture of membranes and drawn seedling operation, avoids artificial damage cigarette seedling and artificial disease spread.
5. cigarette seedling time significant prolongation of growing under the state of protection, fully ensures that cigarette seedling spends extreme weather safely.The transplanting of cigarette seedling is usually before the Spring Festival, transplant under existing film and carry out rupture of membranes for avoiding burning seedling and draw seedling operation, and rupture of membranes and draw after seedling operated, cigarette seedling is exposed in various weather environment already, and now also do not arrive weather and really get warm again after a cold spell season, the method for transplanting under existing film cannot ensure that cigarette seedling spends the extreme disasters weather such as frost ice damage (easily occurring during this period of time from transplanting to early and middle ten days in March) smoothly.
6. water-saving fertilizer-preserving effect is more remarkable.The present invention only needs to water normal root water, and during other of whole transplanting, lock is fertile respond well, and the globule of sublimating in protective cover is back in soil, does not need other watering, fertilizing.
7. transplanting time is concentrated.Water-saving result of the present invention is more remarkable, even arid area, also not needing during transplanting queues up according to water source arranges to transplant, and greatly shortens transplanting time, and completes all transplanting work smoothly according to the climate and other natural phenomena of a season.
8. heat insulation effect is compared with mulch film, significantly.The deep hole transplanting method of the present invention's design; by cigarette transplantation of seedlings in the hole of fair-sized; utilize geothermal insulation; protective cover is set at hole mouth simultaneously; the underground heat produced in " pinning " hole well, detect through experiment, under protective cover condition, tobacco seedling growth space temperature can improve about 3 DEG C; ensure the growth of cigarette seedling well, avoid because degradation problem under the early blossoming that causes of low temperature and quality of tobacco.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 the present invention transplants process flow diagram.
The transplantation of seedlings of Fig. 2 cigarette is in hole.
Protective cover in the upper cover of Fig. 3 hole.
Fig. 4 protective cover water conservation of the present invention situation map.
Cigarette seedling teleblem and the actual conditions figure of rupture of membranes under needing strict deadlines and size condition after transplanting under the existing film of Fig. 5.
The cigarette seedling that under Fig. 6 cultivation method of the present invention and existing film, transplanting method is cultivated contrasts situation map the same period.
Fig. 7 is that the mulch film that prior art uses cannot reclaim the situation of contaminated soil and environment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described in detail, but the utility model can be implemented by the multitude of different ways covered based on the utility model design philosophy.Embodiment of the present invention accompanying drawing, only for exemplary illustration, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.To those skilled in the art, in accompanying drawing, some known features and explanation thereof may be omitted is understandable.
embodiment 1
On November 25th, 2014 is sowed, and on January 10th, 2015 transplants, if four process contrasts:
Two are treated to employing transplanting method of the present invention, transplant process flow diagram and see shown in accompanying drawing 1.Comprise the following steps:
S1. soil is punched, form hole;
S2. by cultivate cigarette transplantation of seedlings to hole, banket in right amount, irrigate surely plough water, see shown in accompanying drawing 2 after transplanting;
S3. printing opacity vault protective cover on the mouth mask of hole, fixes described protective cover with soil, sees shown in accompanying drawing 3;
S4. tobacco seedling growth takes protective cover away to during top by contact protection cover of the blade on its top, and period does not need fertilising and waters, and then, fills and leads up hole with soil, conventionally cultivates cigarette strain;
Wherein, described in S1, the aperture in hole is about 8 ~ 10cm, and the degree of depth is about 18 ~ 20cm; Be set to taper bottom preferred hole, conical bottom hole is convenient to the fixing of cigarette seedling and is banketed;
The cigarette seedling cultivated described in S2 is for growing to cigarette seedling time " five leaf one cores ";
Printing opacity vault protective cover described in S3 adopts light transmissive material to prepare, and comprises the cover body with accommodating cavity, and cover body connects cover top and cover edge, and cover body, cover top and cover are along being structure as a whole, and described cover is along the edge pasting contact hole cave mouth.The degree of depth of the cover body of described protective cover is 8 ~ 12cm, and the diameter of cover body is 18 ~ 20cm, and the width on described cover edge is 1 ~ 2cm.The fixing described protective cover of described soil buries described cover edge with soil, realizes fixing, ensures that protective cover is not at will moved or be blown away.
Described in S1, between hole and hole, the interval of (spacing in the rows) and line-spacing are with reference to existing routine, and preferably, between described hole and hole, (spacing in the rows) is spaced apart 45 ~ 55cm; Line-spacing be spaced apart 1.1 ~ 1.2m.
Two other is contrast process, transplants under adopting the film of existing routine.
Four process, after transplanting, the inventive method two process, remains large quantity space for tobacco seedling growth in protective cover; do not need rupture of membranes and draw seedling, seeing shown in accompanying drawing 4, a large amount of water droplet of having sublimated in protective cover; visible protective cover has pinned a large amount of moisture content, and these form water droplet, return soil.Two other contrasts process, and the cigarette seedling of transplanting under film teleblem, see shown in accompanying drawing 5, do not carry out rupture of membranes at once and draw seedling, cigarette seedling will be burnt.
The protective cover of the inventive method two process is convenient to be reclaimed, and can reuse.And the mulch film used for prior art as shown in Figure 6 cannot reclaim the situation of contaminated soil and environment.
Figures 6 shows the inventive method process and contrast the tobacco seedling growth situation processed, left is transplant under existing " Jing Jiao " formula film, and middle is transplant under normal film, and the right side is printing opacity vault transplanting of the present invention.
The same period transplants, and tobacco seedling growth index is as shown in table 1, and (on November 25th, 2014 is sowed, and on January 10th, 2015 transplants, and January 27 detected data.Wherein normally transplant as the routine of prior art is transplanted, do not establish " Jing Jiao " or hole):
Table 1
embodiment 2
With reference to the transplanting method of the present invention described in embodiment 1, on November 22nd, 2007 is sowed, and on January 7th, 2008 transplants, and just runs into ice damage weather after transplanting.The cigarette seedling that existing cultivation method is transplanted is freezed to death in a large number, causes the underproduction, and early blossoming easily occurs the cigarette seedling of surviving and quality of tobacco declines.The cigarette seedling that transplanting method of the present invention is transplanted grows in protective cover opened protective cover March 10, spent ice damage weather smoothly.Supervise is monitored, and early blossoming phenomenon does not occur this batch of cigarette seedling, and the quality of tobacco of results is superior.
The present invention experimental results demonstrate, adopts transplanting method of the present invention, avoids use mulch film, overcomes the consequence such as spoiled soil, contaminated environment using mulch film to cause.The protective cover related in the inventive method can recycle and reuse, and saves goods and materials cost.Decrease rupture of membranes and the troublesome operation drawing seedling, watering, fertilizing work heavy after it also avoid rupture of membranes simultaneously and drawing seedling, saves cost of labor, avoids artificial damage cigarette seedling and artificial disease spread.
The present invention fully ensures the growing space after cigarette transplantation of seedlings and time; growth time is had more about about 20 days than existing mulch film transplanting method after can ensureing cigarette transplantation of seedlings; ensure that the cigarette seedling of transplanting grows to when the blade on cigarette seedling top is about to touch cover top from " five leaf one cores "; just in time that temperature gets warm again after a cold spell the time; the growth period slitless connection " going out cover " with the weather got warm again after a cold spell and cigarette seedling after opening protective cover; open described protective device, economic and practical.And cigarette seedling growing period in protective cover, do not need fertilising, also do not need to water, truly achieve water conservation and fertilizer conservation, simple in operation, this stage realizes " putting things right once and for all ".And ensure that cigarette seedling spends the extreme disasters weather such as Shuan Dong ice damage (easily occurring during this period of time from transplanting to early and middle ten days in March) smoothly.
The inventive method water-saving fertilizer-preserving effect is more remarkable.The present invention only needs to water normal root water; during other of whole transplanting, lock is fertile respond well; the globule of sublimating in protective cover is back in soil; do not need other watering, fertilizing; even arid area; also not needing during transplanting queues up according to water source arranges to transplant, and greatly shortens transplanting time, and completes all transplanting work smoothly according to the climate and other natural phenomena of a season.Heat insulation effect is compared with mulch film, and significantly, under protective cover condition, tobacco seedling growth space temperature can improve about 3 DEG C, ensures the growth of cigarette seedling well, avoids because degradation problem under the early blossoming that causes of low temperature and quality of tobacco.
Claims (5)
1. a printing opacity vault transplanting method for cigarette seedling, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1. soil is punched, form hole;
S2. by cultivate cigarette transplantation of seedlings to hole, banket in right amount, irrigate surely plough water;
S3. printing opacity vault protective cover on the mouth mask of hole, fixes described protective cover with soil;
S4. tobacco seedling growth takes protective cover away to during top by contact protection cover of the blade on its top, and period does not need fertilising and waters, and then, fills and leads up hole with soil, conventionally cultivates cigarette strain;
Wherein, the cigarette seedling cultivated described in S2 is for growing to cigarette seedling time " five leaf one cores ";
Printing opacity vault protective cover described in S3 adopts light transmissive material to prepare, and described protective cover comprises the cover body with accommodating cavity, and cover body connects cover top and cover edge, and cover body, cover top and cover are along being structure as a whole, and described cover is along pasting mouth edge, contact hole cave soil; The degree of depth of the cover body of described protective cover is 8 ~ 12cm, and the diameter in diameter and described hole is suitable, and the width on described cover edge is 1 ~ 2cm; The fixing described protective cover of described soil buries described cover edge with soil.
2. the printing opacity vault transplanting method of cigarette seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the aperture in hole described in S1 is 8 ~ 10cm, and the degree of depth is 18 ~ 20cm.
3. the printing opacity vault transplanting method of cigarette seedling according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the bottom in described hole is set to taper.
4. the printing opacity vault transplanting method of cigarette seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the diameter of cover body is 10cm larger than the aperture in described hole.
5. the printing opacity vault transplanting method of cigarette seedling according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the diameter of cover body is 18 ~ 20cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510055091.3A CN104641899A (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2015-02-03 | Transmitting arch crown transplanting method for tobacco seedlings |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510055091.3A CN104641899A (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2015-02-03 | Transmitting arch crown transplanting method for tobacco seedlings |
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| CN104641899A true CN104641899A (en) | 2015-05-27 |
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| CN201510055091.3A Pending CN104641899A (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2015-02-03 | Transmitting arch crown transplanting method for tobacco seedlings |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110291950A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-01 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of tobacco solid method for transplanting based on liquid-state mulch film |
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| CN110291950A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-01 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of tobacco solid method for transplanting based on liquid-state mulch film |
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Application publication date: 20150527 |