CN104628630B - 一种茚衍生物1‑吡啶基‑2‑溴茚及其合成方法 - Google Patents

一种茚衍生物1‑吡啶基‑2‑溴茚及其合成方法 Download PDF

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CN104628630B
CN104628630B CN201510112874.0A CN201510112874A CN104628630B CN 104628630 B CN104628630 B CN 104628630B CN 201510112874 A CN201510112874 A CN 201510112874A CN 104628630 B CN104628630 B CN 104628630B
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胡博文
龚大伟
石靖
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/24Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种茚衍生物1‑吡啶基‑2‑溴茚的合成方法,利用廉价的2‑溴吡啶、茚酮、正丁基锂和NBS为原料制备1‑吡啶基‑2‑溴茚。本发明合成了一种在茚环上含溴的茚基吡啶,在茚的2‑号位引入了溴原子,方便官能团之间的转换,以便合成茚环上带有不同取代基的茚衍生物,从而构筑具有不同空间构型的晶态网络配合物。本方法总体反应步骤少、反应时间短、产率高的特点。另外通过溴原子可以引入各种不同的取代基团,从而用于制备各种金属有机催化剂或用于制备各种含有茚基的药物合成。

Description

一种茚衍生物1-吡啶基-2-溴茚及其合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型1-吡啶基-2-溴茚类衍生物及其合成方法。
背景技术
茚衍生物类结构广泛存在于天然产物、合成药物、染料、农药及日用化学品当中,具有广泛的用途。此外在配位化学中,能与多种金属配位,无论只是在催化反应还是计量反应中,具有重要意义。吡啶衍生物也被用于功能材料、特性表面的制备及超分子、高分子聚合物的合成等新兴领域。而吡啶及其衍生物的合成被人们所重视的更为重要的是,它是一些具有特定生物活性的天然产物,如维生素B6、尼古丁、辅酶、生物碱等结构中的重要组成部分。尤其在药物化学中占有重要地位,大量具有特殊功效的吡啶衍生物类药物被合成,发挥着消炎平喘、抗抑郁、治疗高血压或低血压、抑制HIV蛋白酶再生、阻止或减少细胞凋亡等药性。在农学方面,吡啶衍生物类化合物也被大量合成用以制备除草剂、杀虫剂和抗菌剂。因此,探究吡啶衍生物类化合物的合成工艺是十分具有应用价值和研究价值的。
侧链含有吡啶基团的茚类化合无论在天然产物合成以及金属有机化学领域具有重要意义,而在茚环二号位引入溴原子,更容易进行官能团直接的转换,极大的拓展了此类化合物的合成。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种茚衍生物1-吡啶基-2-溴茚及其合成方法,该方法合成了一种在茚环上含溴的茚基吡啶,在茚的2-号位引入了溴原子,方便官能团之间的转换,以便合成茚环上带有不同取代基的茚衍生物,从而构筑具有不同空间构型的晶态网络配合物。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种茚衍生物1-吡啶基-2-溴茚,其分子结构式如下:
一种上述茚衍生物1-吡啶基-2-溴茚的合成方法,利用廉价的2-溴吡啶、茚酮、正丁基锂和NBS为原料制备1-吡啶基-2-溴茚,具体合成步骤如下:
一、在N2保护下,向三口瓶中加入10mol 2-溴吡啶,加入15mL乙醚作为溶剂,-78℃滴加2.5mol/L正丁基锂4mL,低温(-78℃)搅拌60min,体系溶液由淡黄色渐变橙黄色,加入10mol茚酮,-78℃反应60min;加水淬灭反应,分液,水层用乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷萃取二~四次;合并有机层,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥或氯化钙干燥1~3小时后,将有机溶剂旋干,过一段氧化铝的柱子,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯(v/v=10~20:1)为洗脱液,得到淡黄色液体;在此黄色液体中加入10mL75%浓硫酸,常温搅拌反应3h;过一段氧化铝柱子,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯为洗脱液,得2-茚基吡啶。
二、向单口瓶中加入5mol 2-茚基吡啶和5molNBS,加入15mL四氯化碳为溶剂,回流50min;加入20mL水,分液,水层用乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷萃取二~四次,合并有机层,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥或氯化钙干燥1~3小时后,将有机溶剂旋干,过一段氧化铝的柱子,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯为洗脱液,得到1-吡啶基-2-溴茚。
本发明具有如下优点:
(1)反应操作简单,总体反应步骤少,反应时间短,产率高。
(2)化合物中卤素基团的引入增强了官能团之间的转化。
(3)反应相对专一,副反应少,且为该化合物的具体合成工艺首次报道;
(4)通过溴原子可以引入各种不同的取代基团,从而用于制备各种金属有机催化剂或用于制备各种含有茚基的药物合成。
附图说明
图1为本发明合成的2-茚基吡啶的核磁氢谱共振图谱
图2为本发明合成的1-吡啶基-2-溴茚的核磁氢谱共振图谱。
图3为本发明合成的1-吡啶基-2-溴茚的核磁碳谱共振图谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明,但并不局限于此,凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
本发明提供了一种1-吡啶基-2-溴茚的合成方法,具体合成步骤如下:
一、在N2保护下,向三口瓶中加入1.58g(10mol) 2-溴吡啶,加入15mL乙醚作为溶剂,-78℃滴加正丁基锂4mL(M=2.5mol/L),低温搅拌60min,体系溶液由淡黄色渐变橙黄色,加入1.32g(10mol)茚酮,-78℃反应60min;加水淬灭反应,分液,水层用乙酸乙酯萃取三次;合并有机层,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥2小时后,将有机溶剂旋干,过一段氧化铝的柱子,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯(v/v=10:1)为洗脱液,得到淡黄色液体。在此黄色液体中加入10mL浓硫酸,常温搅拌反应3h。过一段氧化铝柱子,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯(v/v=10:1)为洗脱液,得淡黄色固体2-茚基吡啶(1.26g 61%)。如图1所示,1HNMR(400Hz,CDCl3)δ8.66(m,1H), δ8.01(d,J = 10 Hz,1H), δ7.76(m,2H), δ7.46(d,J = 10 Hz,1H), δ7.25(m,1H), δ7.19(m,1H), δ6.95(t,J = 5.52 Hz 1H), δ3.49(d,J = 2.6Hz ,2H)。反应方程式如下:
二、向单口瓶中加入1.035g(5mol) 2-茚基吡啶和0.89g(5mol)NBS,加入15mL四氯化碳为溶剂,回流50min。加入20mL水,分液,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机层,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥2小时后,将有机溶剂旋干,过一段氧化铝的柱子,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯(v/v=10:1)为洗脱液,得到红棕色固体1-吡啶基-2-溴茚(1.24g 91%)。如图2所示1HNMR(400Hz,CDCl3) δ8.82(d,J =2.4Hz,1H),δ7.87(t,J =7.8Hz,1H),δ7.76(d,J =7.8Hz,1H),δ7.60(d,J =7.4Hz,1H),δ7.45(d,J =7.16Hz,1H),δ7.30(m,3H),δ3.84(s,2H)如图3所示,13CNMR(400Hz,CDCl3) δ153.0,δ149.6,δ143.3,δ142.0,δ141.3,δ136.5,δ126.8,δ125.4,δ124.8,δ123.7,δ123.2,δ122.8,δ121.0,δ46.13。

Claims (5)

1.茚衍生物1-吡啶基-2-溴茚的合成方法,其特征在于所述合成方法步骤如下:
向单口瓶中加入5mol 2-茚基吡啶和5molNBS,加入15mL四氯化碳为溶剂,回流50min;加入20mL水,分液,水层用乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷萃取二~四次,合并有机层,有机层干燥1~3小时后,将有机溶剂旋干,过一段氧化铝的柱子,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯为洗脱液,得到1-吡啶基-2-溴茚;
所述2-茚基吡啶的合成方法如下:在N2保护下,向三口瓶中加入10mol 2-溴吡啶,加入15mL乙醚作为溶剂,-78℃滴加正丁基锂4mL,搅拌60min,体系溶液由淡黄色渐变橙黄色,加入10mol茚酮,-78℃反应60min;加水淬灭反应,分液,水层用乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷萃取二~四次;合并有机层,有机层干燥1~3小时后,将有机溶剂旋干,过一段氧化铝的柱子,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯为洗脱液,得到淡黄色液体;在此黄色液体中加入10mL浓硫酸,常温搅拌反应3h;过一段氧化铝柱子,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯为洗脱液,得2-茚基吡啶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的茚衍生物1-吡啶基-2-溴茚的合成方法,其特征在于所述正丁基锂的浓度为2.5mol/L。
3.根据权利要求1所述的茚衍生物1-吡啶基-2-溴茚合成方法,其特征在于所述石油醚和乙酸乙酯的体积比为10~20:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的茚衍生物1-吡啶基-2-溴茚合成方法,其特征在于所述有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥或氯化钙干燥。
5.根据权利要求1所述的茚衍生物1-吡啶基-2-溴茚合成方法,其特征在于所述浓硫酸的浓度为75%。
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