CN104619737B - 含有卤素化合物的聚氨酯 - Google Patents
含有卤素化合物的聚氨酯 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104619737B CN104619737B CN201380047835.6A CN201380047835A CN104619737B CN 104619737 B CN104619737 B CN 104619737B CN 201380047835 A CN201380047835 A CN 201380047835A CN 104619737 B CN104619737 B CN 104619737B
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- Prior art keywords
- polyurethane
- chloro
- aliphatic hydrocarbon
- weight
- foam
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- -1 phosphonate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052801 chlorine Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl alcohol Natural products CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000006012 2-chloroethoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- JNOZGFXJZQXOSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-methylpropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)CCl JNOZGFXJZQXOSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CFDRQRFAQCJPBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorohexan-1-ol Chemical class CCCCCC(O)Cl CFDRQRFAQCJPBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000008301 phosphite esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 29
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 15
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Natural products CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- SFNALCNOMXIBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol monododecyl ether Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCO SFNALCNOMXIBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NCUPDIHWMQEDPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethyl-methylamino]ethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCOCCN(C)CCO NCUPDIHWMQEDPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- XFNJYAKDBJUJAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromopropane Chemical class CC(Br)CBr XFNJYAKDBJUJAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GXVUZYLYWKWJIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanamine Chemical compound NCCOCCN GXVUZYLYWKWJIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LAMUXTNQCICZQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCCl LAMUXTNQCICZQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000538 Poly[(phenyl isocyanate)-co-formaldehyde] Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-methacrylic acid Natural products CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(2+) Chemical class [Sn+2] IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- ZFDWWDZLRKHULH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4h-pyrimidine Chemical class CN1CCCN=C1C ZFDWWDZLRKHULH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及通过以下过程获得的聚氨酯:将(a)多异氰酸酯;(b)带有异氰酸酯反应性基团的聚合物;(c)催化剂;(d)具有2‑15个碳原子且含有至少一个选自氧、氮、和硫的杂原子,并含有至少一个溴和/或氯原子的脂族烃;(e)任选地发泡剂;(f)任选地扩链剂和/或交联剂;和(g)任选地助剂和/或添加剂混合以形成反应混合物,并使所述反应混合物完成反应以形成聚氨酯,其中所述脂族烃(d)不包括磷酸酯、多磷酸酯、膦酸酯、或亚磷酸酯。本发明还涉及一种制备此类聚氨酯的方法,及其在交通工具的内饰中的用途。
Description
本发明涉及通过以下过程获得的聚氨酯:将(a)多异氰酸酯;(b)带有异氰酸酯反应性基团的聚合物;(c)催化剂;(d)具有2-15个碳原子且含有至少一个选自氧、氮、和硫的杂原子,并含有至少一个溴和/或氯原子的脂族烃;(e)任选地发泡剂;(f)任选地扩链剂和/或交联剂;和(g)任选地助剂和/或添加剂混合以形成反应混合物,并使所述反应混合物完成反应以形成聚氨酯,其中所述脂族烃(d)不包括磷酸酯、多磷酸酯、膦酸酯、或亚磷酸酯。本发明还涉及一种制备此类聚氨酯的方法,及其在交通工具的内饰中的用途。
聚氨酯的特征在于它们的用途广泛。特别地,这些材料通常被用在汽车制造中,例如在汽车外壳中作为扰流板、顶部元件、或弹簧元件;以及在汽车内挂板中作为车顶包覆层(roof cladding)、车门包覆层(door cladding)、电缆绝缘层、方向盘、控制按钮、座垫(seat cushioning)、或地毯的泡沫衬里、或用于其它组件(例如仪表盘)的那些。对用在汽车领域——尤其汽车内饰——的聚氨酯要求严格。因此,需要在汽车使用寿命内都不改变的优异的机械特性,目的在于在每个应用领域中聚氨酯不仅例如通过提供减震性能、消音性能、触觉性能、或稳定化性能而保持其日常使用功能,还提供其在突发事件中相关的安全功能,例如减弱机械撞击。
在汽车中普遍存在的相关的温度和湿度条件极其苛刻,并加速聚氨酯的老化:在隔热期间温度能够达到零下10℃及以下、以及60℃以上、或甚至100℃以上的区域。相关的相对湿度水平最高可达100%。
在这种苛刻的温度和湿度条件下的另一个要求为用在汽车内饰的聚氨酯释放的挥发性化合物应尽可能少。挥发性化合物的释放主要源于挥发性胺催化剂的使用。为了减少释放,所述挥发性胺催化剂全部地或某种程度地由可结合催化剂(incorporablecatalyst)替代。这类化合物催化聚氨酯反应,但同时也带有对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团,因此该催化剂牢固地结合至聚氨酯。但是,所述可结合的催化剂通常削弱产物聚氨酯的机械性能,尤其在热老化或在高湿度水平下——即在汽车内饰中经常遇到的条件下——热老化之后。这尤其对聚氨酯泡沫而言如此,其表面积显著大于压缩聚氨酯(compactpolyurethane)的表面积。
氯化化合物在聚氨酯的生产中的用途是已知的:例如,WO 2009/065826记载了氯化石蜡在整体聚氨酯泡沫生产中的用途。此处,氯化石蜡用于避免在大体积部件例如在基于聚酯醇和单乙二醇(作为扩链剂)的女士高跟鞋中的核心炭化。卤代的短链烃(例如氟氯碳化合物(fluorochlorocarbon,FCC))在聚氨酯泡沫生产中作为发泡剂的用途也是已知的。氟氯碳化合物的使用目前已被禁止,因为其具有破坏臭氧层的性质。氯化石蜡也被怀疑致癌,因此基本不再使用或在某些情况下已经禁止使用。
磷系阻燃剂在聚氨酯中的用途也是已知的。所述有机磷阻燃剂主要基于磷酸酯、膦酸酯、或亚磷酸酯。所述酯的有机部分主要包括脂族烃或芳族烃,其也可以为卤代化合物。这类化合物与聚氨酯基体的结合大多欠佳,因此这类材料增大排放并产生令人不悦的气味。没有基于所述阻燃剂的老化性能改善的记载。
US 3,756,970也公开了卤源(例如氯化铵、溴化铵、氯化四甲铵、三溴苯酚、2-溴丙烷、2-溴丙醇、1,2-二溴丙烷、2,3-二溴丙烯、2,3-二溴丙醇、2-氯丙烷、2-氯丙醇、1,2-二氯丙烷、2,3-二氯丙烯、和2,3-二氯丙醇)与无机酸及粗制的、未经蒸馏的甲苯二胺光气化产品相结合的用途。此处,通过结合使用卤源与无机酸弥补了粗制甲苯二异氰酸酯的不利影响。
本发明的目的是改善聚氨酯的老化性能,尤其是在高温和/或高温高湿下的老化性能。
所述目的通过可以经由以下过程获得的聚氨酯实现:将(a)多异氰酸酯;(b)带有异氰酸酯反应性基团的聚合物;(c)催化剂;(d)具有2-15个碳原子且含有至少一个选自氧、氮、和硫的杂原子,并含有至少一个溴和/或氯原子的脂族烃;(e)任选地发泡剂;(f)任选地扩链剂和/或交联剂和(g)任选地助剂和/或添加剂混合以形成反应混合物,并使所述反应混合物完成反应以形成聚氨酯,其中所述脂族烃(d)不包括磷酸酯、多磷酸酯、膦酸酯、或亚磷酸酯。
就本发明而言,术语聚氨酯涵盖所有已知的多异氰酸酯加聚产物。这些包括衍生自异氰酸酯与乙醇的加合物,并且它们还包括带有异氰酸酯结构、脲基甲酸酯结构、脲结构、碳二亚胺结构、脲酮亚胺结构、或缩二脲结构的改性聚氨酯,并且它们包括其它的异氰酸酯加合物。本发明的聚氨酯尤其包括压缩多异氰酸酯加聚物,例如基于多异氰酸酯加聚物的热固性塑料和泡沫,例如软质泡沫、半硬质泡沫、硬质泡沫、或整体泡沫、以及聚氨酯涂层和粘合剂。就本发明而言,术语聚氨酯还涵盖含有聚氨酯和其它聚合物的聚合物共混物、以及由所述聚合物共混物制成的泡沫。优选本发明的聚氨酯为除在本说明书下文中说明的聚氨酯单元组分(a)-(g)外不包含任何其它聚合物的聚氨酯泡沫或压缩聚氨酯。
就本发明而言,术语聚氨酯泡沫涵盖根据DIN 7726的泡沫。根据DIN 53 421/DINEN ISO 604,本发明的软质聚氨酯泡沫在10%的压缩或压缩强度下的压缩应力值为15kPa以下、优选1-14kPa、且尤其是4-14kPa。根据DIN 53 421/DIN EN ISO 604,本发明的半硬质聚氨酯泡沫在10%的压缩下的压缩应力为大于15kPa至小于80kPa。根据DIN ISO 4590,本发明的半硬质聚氨酯泡沫和软质聚氨酯泡沫的开孔因子优选大于85%,特别优选大于90%。关于本发明的软质聚氨酯泡沫和半硬质聚氨酯泡沫的其它详细描述见于“Kunststoffhandbuch,Band 7,Polyurethane”[塑料手册,第7卷,聚氨酯],Carl HanserVerlag,第3版,1993,第5章。
本发明的硬质聚氨酯泡沫在10%的压缩下的压缩应力大于或等于80kPa,优选大于或等于120kPa,尤其优选大于或等于150kPa。此外,根据DIN ISO 4590,所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫的闭孔因子(closed-cell factor)大于80%,优选大于90%。关于本发明硬质聚氨酯泡沫的其它详细描述见于“Kunststoffhandbuch,Band 7,Polyurethane”[塑料手册,第7卷,聚氨酯],Carl Hanser Verlag,第3版,1993,第6章。
就本发明而言,根据DIN 7726,术语弹性聚氨酯泡沫包括根据DIN 53 577短暂变形达厚度的50%10分钟之后具有不超过其原始厚度2%的残余变形的聚氨酯泡沫。本说明书中涉及的该类材料可为硬质聚氨酯泡沫、半硬质聚氨酯泡沫、或软质聚氨酯泡沫。
整体聚氨酯泡沫根据DIN 7726包括由成型过程导致的边缘区的密度高于中心的聚氨酯泡沫。在本说明书中,中心和边缘区的平均的总体包膜密度(envelope density)优选大于100g/L。就本发明而言,整体聚氨酯泡沫也可包括硬质聚氨酯泡沫、半硬质聚氨酯泡沫、或软质聚氨酯泡沫。关于本发明的整体聚氨酯泡沫的其它详细描述可见于“Kunststoffhandbuch,Band 7,Polyurethane”[塑料手册,第7卷,聚氨酯],Carl HanserVerlag,第3版,1993,第7章。
在本说明书中,本发明的聚氨酯通过将多异氰酸酯(a)与带有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合物(b)、任选地催化剂(c)、具有2-15个碳原子的含有至少一个选自氧、氮、和硫的杂原子且含有至少一个溴和/或氯原子的脂族烃(d)、和任选地发泡剂(e)、扩链剂(f)、及其它助剂和添加剂(g)混合以形成反应混合物并使该物质完成反应而获得。
在本说明书的一个优选实施方案中,本发明的聚氨酯为平均密度为20-850g/L的聚氨酯泡沫,优选半硬质聚氨酯泡沫或软质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚氨酯泡沫,特别优选弹性软质聚氨酯泡沫、半硬质聚氨酯泡沫、或弹性整体聚氨酯泡沫。所述弹性整体聚氨酯泡沫的中心和边缘区的平均密度优选为150-500g/L。所述软质聚氨酯泡沫的平均密度优选为10-100g/L。所述半硬质聚氨酯泡沫的平均密度优选为70-150g/L。
在另一优选实施方案中,聚氨酯为密度为优选850g/L以上、优选900-1400g/L、且特别优选1000-1300g/L的压缩聚氨酯。在本说明书中,压缩聚氨酯基本不加入发泡剂而获得。由生产过程导致的包含在多元醇中的少量发泡剂(例如水)在本说明书中不认为是发泡剂。优选用于生产压缩聚氨酯的反应混合物包含小于0.2重量%的水,特别优选小于0.1重量%,且尤其小于0.05重量%。
在本说明书中,本发明的聚氨酯优选使用在交通工具的内饰中,例如轮船、飞机、卡车、轿车、或公交车、特别优选轿车或公交车、且尤其是轿车。轿车和公交车的内饰在下文中称为汽车内饰。在本说明书中可能的用途为:软质聚氨酯作为座垫,半硬质聚氨酯泡沫作为门侧元件或仪表盘的衬底泡沫,整体聚氨酯泡沫作为方向盘、控制按钮、或头枕,以及压缩聚氨酯例如作为电缆套。
用于生产本发明的聚氨酯的多异氰酸酯化合物(a)包括用于生产聚氨酯的已知的所有多异氰酸酯。这些包括由现有技术已知的脂族、脂环族、及芳族双官能或多官能异氰酸酯,以及它们的任何需要的混合物。实例为二苯基甲烷2,2’-、2,4’-和4,4’-二异氰酸酯,单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与具有更多元环的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯同系物(聚合MDI)的混合物,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)及其低聚物,甲苯2,4-或2,6-二异氰酸酯(TDI)及它们的混合物,四亚甲基二异氰酸酯及其低聚物,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)及其低聚物,和亚萘基二异氰酸酯(NDI),及它们的混合物。
优选使用甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯和/或甲苯2,6-二异氰酸酯(TDI)或这些的混合物、单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、和/或具有更多元环的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯同系物(聚合MDI)、以及它们的混合物。其它可能的二异氰酸酯在例如“Kunststoffhandbuch,Band 7,Polyurethane”[塑料手册,第7卷,聚氨酯],Carl Hanser Verlag,第3版,1993,第3.2和3.3.2章中给出。
多异氰酸酯组分(a)能够以多异氰酸酯预聚物的形式使用。该多异氰酸酯预聚物可以通过以下过程获得:使过量的上述多异氰酸酯(组分(a-1)),在例如30-100℃、优选约80℃的温度下与带有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合物(b)(组分(a-2))和/或扩链剂(c)(组分(a-3))反应以形成异氰酸酯预聚物。
带有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合物(a-2)和扩链剂(a-3)是本领域普通技术人员已知的并且记载在例如“Kunststoffhandbuch,Band 7,Polyurethane”[塑料手册,第7卷,聚氨酯],Carl Hanser Verlag,第3版,1993,第3.1章中。因此可能的是例如所使用的带有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合物(a-2)还包括在下文的(b)下描述的带有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合物。
所使用的带有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合物(b)可包括任何已知的带有至少两个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的化合物,例如官能度为2-8且数均分子量为400-15000g/mol的那些。因此可以使用,例如,选自聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、及其混合物的化合物。
聚醚醇例如由环氧化物(例如环氧丙烷和/或环氧乙烷)或由四氢呋喃与包含活性氢的起始化合物(例如脂族醇、酚类、胺类、羧酸、水、或基于天然来源的化合物(例如蔗糖、山梨醇、或甘露醇))在使用催化剂下生产。在本说明书中可以提及的催化剂为碱性催化剂或者双金属氰化物催化剂,例如在PCT/EP2005/010124、EP 90444或WO 05/090440中所记载的。
聚酯醇例如由脂族或芳族二羧酸与多羟基醇、聚硫醚多元醇、聚酰胺酯、羟化聚缩醛和/或羟化脂族聚碳酸酯优选在酯化催化剂存在下生产。其它可能的多元醇在例如“Kunststoffhandbuch,Band 7,Polyurethane”[塑料手册,第7卷,聚氨酯],Carl HanserVerlag,第3版,1993,第3.1章中给出。
除所描述的聚醚醇和聚酯醇外,可使用的其它材料为填充型聚醚醇或聚酯醇,又称为聚合聚醚醇或聚合聚酯醇。这种化合物优选包括由例如烯烃单体(例如丙烯腈、苯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸、和/或丙烯酰胺)构成的热塑性塑料所制成的分散颗粒。这种填充多元醇是已知的并且可商业购得。其生产记载在例如DE 111 394、US 3 304273、US 3 383 351、US 3 523 093、DE 1 152 536、DE 1 152 537、WO 2008/055952、和WO2009/128279中。
在本发明的一个特别优选实施方案中,组分(b)包括聚醚醇,且更优选不包括聚酯醇。
催化剂(c)大大加速多元醇(b)、及任选地扩链剂和交联剂(f)、以及化学发泡剂(e)与有机的、任选地改性的多异氰酸酯(a)的反应。在本说明书中,催化剂(c)包括可结合胺催化剂。这些可结合胺催化剂具有至少一个、优选1-8个、且特别优选1-2个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团,例如伯氨基、仲氨基、羟基、酰胺、或脲基,优选伯氨基、仲氨基、羟基。可结合胺催化剂主要用于生产低排放聚氨酯,这些低排聚氨酯尤其用在汽车内饰领域中。该类催化剂为已知的并且记载在例如EP1888664中。这类材料包括除对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团外还具有一个或多个叔氨基的化合物。优选可结合催化剂的叔氨基带有至少两个脂族烃基团,优选每个基团含有1-10个碳原子、特别优选每个基团含有1-6个碳原子。特别优选所述叔氨基带有两个彼此独立地选自甲基和乙基的基团、以及其它有机基团。可使用的可结合催化剂为,例如双二甲基氨丙基脲、双(N,N-二甲基氨基乙氧基乙基)氨基甲酸酯、二甲基氨丙基脲、N,N,N-三甲基-N-羟乙基双(氨丙基醚)、N,N,N-三甲基-N-羟乙基双(氨乙基醚)、二乙基乙醇胺、双(N,N-二甲基-3-氨丙基)胺、二甲基氨丙基胺、3-二甲基氨丙基-N,N-二甲基丙烷-1,3-二胺、二甲基-2-(2-氨基乙氧基乙醇)、及(1,3-双(二甲基氨基)丙烷-2-醇)、N,N-双(3-二甲基氨丙基)-N-异丙醇胺、双(二甲基氨丙基)-2-羟乙基胺、N,N,N-三甲基-N-(3-氨丙基)双(氨乙基)醚、3-二甲基氨基异丙基二异丙醇胺、或它们的混合物。
除可结合胺催化剂之外,也可以使用常规催化剂生产聚氨酯。可提及的常规催化剂例如为:脒,例如2,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶;叔胺,例如三乙胺、三丁胺、二甲基苄基胺、N-甲基-吗啉、N-乙基-吗啉、N-环己基吗啉、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基丁二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基己二胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、四甲基二氨基乙基醚、双(二甲氨基丙基)脲、二甲基哌嗪、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1-氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷、并且优选1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷;和链烷醇胺化合物,例如三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺和N-乙基二乙醇胺、和二甲基乙醇胺。还可以使用有机金属化合物,优选有机锡化合物,例如有机羧酸的锡(II)盐(例如乙酸锡(II)、辛酸锡(II)、乙基己酸锡(II)、和月桂酸锡(II))和有机羧酸的二烷基锡(IV)盐(例如二乙酸二丁锡、二月桂酸二丁锡、马来酸二丁锡、和二乙酸二辛锡);以及铋的羧酸盐,例如新癸酸铋(III)、2-乙基己酸铋、和辛酸铋;或它们的混合物。有机金属化合物可以单独使用或优选与强碱性胺结合使用。如果组分(b)包含酯,则优选仅使用胺催化剂。在特别优选的实施方案中,所使用的催化剂(c)仅包括可结合催化剂。
如果使用催化剂(c),则其以催化剂或催化剂组合物形式的使用浓度为例如0.001-5重量%,尤其是0.05-2重量%,基于组分(b)的重量计。
所使用的组分(d)包含一种或多种脂族烃,所述脂族烃带有2-15个、优选3-10个、更优选3-6个、且尤其是3-4个碳原子,并且包含至少一个选自氧、氮、和硫的杂原子,并包含至少一个溴和/或氯原子,优选2、3或4个溴和/或氯原子,特别优选2或3个溴和/或氯原子。在另一优选实施方案中,化合物(d)仅含有1个溴原子或1个氯原子。脂族烃(d)优选包含氯作为溴和/或氯原子。在本说明书中,溴和/或氯原子、特别优选氯原子的含量为优选至少20重量%,特别优选至少30重量%,且尤其是至少40重量%,各自基于组分(d)的总重量计。优选脂族烃(d)包含至少一个键合至伯碳原子的溴和/或氯原子。
在本说明书中,脂族烃(d)可为线型的、支化的、或环状的,优选为线型的或支化的。此处杂原子可为端原子或者可为位于链中间的桥原子。位于链中间的杂原子的实例为醚基-O-、硫醚基-S-、和叔氮基。如果在链中间存在至少一个杂原子,则优选存在醚基。替代桥原子,或除桥原子之外,脂族烃(d)包含至少一个带有对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的基团。该类基团的实例为-SH基团、-NH-基团、-NH2基团、和-OH基团。特别优选化合物(d)含有至少一个OH基团、尤其是一个仲OH基团。还优选,除-OH基团之外,脂族烃(d)还含有桥原子,特别优选至少一个醚基。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,溴和/或氯原子与杂原子之间存在不多于3个碳原子,优选不多于2个碳原子。特别是,化合物(d)在与带有溴或氯原子的碳原子相邻的碳原子上带有OH基团、优选仲OH基团。在本说明书中,脂族烃(d)不包括磷酸酯、多磷酸酯、膦酸酯、或亚磷酸酯,且脂族烃(d)优选不包括磷原子。
优选地,本发明的脂族烃(d)在标准条件下的沸点为至少100℃,特别优选至少120℃,且尤其是至少150℃。
优选的脂族烃(d)的实例为1,3-二氯-2-丙醇、1,1,1-三氯-2-甲基-2-丙醇半水合物、2-[2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基]乙醇、2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙醇、双(2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙基)醚、1,2-二氯-3-丙醇、3-氯-1-丙醇、3-氯-2,2-二甲基-1-丙醇、1-氯-2-丙醇、2-氯-1-丙醇、3-溴-1-丙醇、4-氯-1-丁二醇、5-氯-1-戊醇、和6-氯-1-己醇。特别优选1,3-二氯-2-丙醇、1,2-二氯-3-丙醇、1-氯-2-丙醇、和3-氯丙醇,尤其是1,3-二氯-2-丙醇、1-氯-2-丙醇、和3-氯丙醇。
特别优选组分(d)的比例为大于0至小于3重量%,特别优选0.1-2.5重量%,更优选0.2-2重量%,且尤其是0.3-1.5重量%,基于组分(a)-(g)的总重量计。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,基于组分(a)-(g)的总重量计,组分(d)的比例为使得包含在(d)中的全部溴和/或氯原子为0.1-1.0重量%、特别优选0.15-0.8重量%、且尤其是0.2-0.6重量%。
本发明的聚氨酯的生产基本没有使用矿物酸。矿物酸为无机酸,例如磷酸、盐酸、硫酸、或硝酸。在本说明书中,“基本没有使用矿物酸”意指已经排除例如由于生产过程而包含的少量矿物酸。矿物酸的含量为优选小于0.5重量%,特别优选小于0.1重量%,更优选小于0.05重量%,还更优选小于0.01重量%,且尤其小于0.001重量%,各自基于组分(a)-(g)的总重量计。此外,基于组分(a)-(g)的总重量计,磷酸酯、多磷酸酯、膦酸酯、或亚磷酸酯的含量同样小于0.5重量%,特别优选小于0.1重量%,更优选小于0.05重量%,还更优选小于0.01重量%,且尤其小于0.001重量%。
如果本发明的聚氨酯要成为聚氨酯泡沫,则本发明的反应混合物还包含发泡剂(e)。在本说明书中,可以使用任何已知用于聚氨酯生产的发泡剂。这些可以包括化学和/或物理发泡剂。这类发泡剂记载在例如“Kunststoffhandbuch,Band 7,Polyurethane”[塑料手册,第7卷,聚氨酯],Carl Hanser Verlag,第3版,1993,第3.4.5章中。在本说明书中,术语化学发泡剂涵盖经与异氰酸酯反应形成气态产物的化合物。这类发泡剂的实例为水和羧酸。在本说明书中,术语物理发泡剂涵盖已经在生产聚氨酯的起始物料中溶解或乳化并在聚氨酯形成条件下蒸发的化合物。例如,这些包括烃、卤代烃、和其它化合物,例如全氟化的烷烃如全氟己烷、氟氯碳化合物、和醚、酯、酮、缩醛、和/或液态二氧化碳。在本说明书中可以使用任何需要量的发泡剂。发泡剂的用量优选为使得产物聚氨酯泡沫的密度为10-850g/L,特别是20-800g/L,且尤其是25-500g/L。特别优选使用含水的发泡剂。
可以使用的扩链剂和交联剂(f)包括带有至少两个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团并且具有小于400g/mol的摩尔量的化合物,其中术语扩链剂使用于带有两个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的分子,且术语交联剂使用于带有多于两个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢的分子。然而,在本说明书中也可以省略扩链剂或交联剂。但是加入扩链剂、交联剂、或任选地它们的混合物可显示出改进机械性能(例如硬度)的优势。
如果使用扩链剂和/或交联剂(f),则可以使用在聚氨酯生产中已知的扩链剂和/或交联剂。这些优选为带有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的官能团的低分子量化合物,例如丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、乙二醇、和二胺。其它可能的低分子量扩链剂和/或交联剂在例如“Kunststoffhandbuch,Band 7,Polyurethane”[塑料手册,第7卷,聚氨酯],Carl HanserVerlag,第3版,1993,第3.2和3.3.2章中给出。
此外,可以使用助剂和/或添加剂(g)。在本说明书中可以使用已知用于聚氨酯生产的任何助剂和添加剂。可提及的为例如表面活性物质、泡沫稳定剂、泡孔调节剂、脱模剂、填料、染料、颜料、阻燃剂、水解稳定剂、抑制真菌的物质、和抑制细菌的物质。该类物质为已知的并且记载在例如“Kunststoffhandbuch,Band 7,Polyurethane”[塑料手册,第7卷,聚氨酯],Carl Hanser Verlag,第3版,1993,第3.4.4和3.4.6-3.4.11章中。
本发明聚氨酯生产的一般程序为:将多异氰酸酯(a)、多元醇(b)、具有2-15个碳原子且含有至少一个选自氧、氮、和硫的杂原子并含有至少一个溴和/或氯原子的脂族烃(d)、以及任选地发泡剂(e)和扩链剂和/或交联剂(f)按照使得多异氰酸酯(a)的NCO基团与组分(b)、(c)、(d)、和任选地(e)及(f)的全部反应性氢原子的当量比为0.75-1.5:1、优选0.80-1.25:1的量进行反应。如果泡孔塑料至少在某种程度上包含异氰脲酸酯基团,则用在多异氰酸酯(a)中的NCO基团与组分(b)、(c)、(d)、和任选地(e)及(f)的全部反应性氢原子的比例通常为1.5-20:1,优选1.5-8:1。在本说明书中,1:1的比例对应异氰酸酯指数为100。
当意欲生产作为本发明聚氨酯的热塑性聚氨酯、软质泡沫、半硬质泡沫、硬质泡沫、或整体泡沫时,用于生产本发明聚氨酯的具体起始物质(a)-(g)各自在数量和质量方面只存在微小的差别。例如,因此,不使用发泡剂而生产压缩聚氨酯,以及热塑性聚氨酯主要使用严格的双官能起始物质。此外,可以例如通过改变含有至少两个反应性氢原子的相对高分子量化合物的官能度和链长而改变本发明聚氨酯的弹性和硬度。这种改性为本领域普通技术人员已知的。
生产压缩聚氨酯的起始物料记载在例如EP 0989146或EP 1460094中,生产软质泡沫的起始物料记载在PCT/EP2005/010124和EP 1529792中,生产半硬质泡沫的起始物质记载在“Kunststoffhandbuch,Band 7,Polyurethane”[塑料手册,第7卷,聚氨酯],CarlHanser Verlag,第3版,1993,第5.4章中,生产硬质泡沫的起始物质记载在PCT/EP2005/010955中,生产整体泡沫的起始物质记载在EP 364854、US 5506275、或EP 897402中。然后在每种情况下将具有2-15个碳原子且含有至少一个选自氧、氮、和硫的杂原子并含有至少一个溴和/或氯原子的脂族烃(d)加入在所述文献中记载的起始物质中。
本发明还提供一种用于制备本发明聚氨酯的方法,所述方法通过将(a)多异氰酸酯;(b)带有异氰酸酯反应性基团的聚合物;(c)任选地催化剂;(d)具有2-15个碳原子的含有至少一个选自氧、氮、和硫的杂原子,并含有至少一个溴和/或氯原子的脂族烃;(e)任选地发泡剂;(f)任选地扩链剂和/或交联剂;和(g)任选地助剂和/或添加剂混合以形成反应混合物,并使该反应混合物完成反应以形成聚氨酯,其中所述脂族烃(d)不包括磷酸酯、多磷酸酯、膦酸酯、或亚磷酸酯。
本发明的聚氨酯具有优异的老化性能,尤其在于140℃下热老化7天或者于120℃且100%相对湿度的高压釜内高湿度水平下热老化3个周期(5小时为1个周期)中具有优异的老化性能。通过使用脂族烃(d)尤其可以改善拉伸强度、以及最大拉伸应变。在本说明书中,热老化和高湿度水平热老化根据DIN EN ISO 2440进行。本发明的另一优点在于脂族烃(d)与多元醇的相容性非常好。因此包含本发明脂族烃(d)的多元醇组分在双组分过程的储存中通常具有非常好的稳定性。本发明聚氨酯的另一优势为在热老化期间几乎不变色。
在下文中将使用实施例说明本发明。
起始物质:
多元醇A: OH值为35mgKOH/g且官能度为2.7的基于环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的聚醚醇,其环氧丙烷含量为84重量%以及环氧乙烷含量为14重量%
多元醇B: 在作为载体多元醇的多元醇A中具有45%固含量(苯乙烯-丙烯腈)的接枝多元醇
多元醇C: OH值为27mgKOH/g且官能度为2.5的基于环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的聚醚醇,其环氧丙烷含量为78重量%以及环氧乙烷含量为21重量%
BDO: 1,4-丁二醇
MEG: 单乙二醇
Isopur SA-21050: 购自ISL-Chemie的黑色糊状物
Polycat 15: 购自Air Products的催化剂
Jeffcat ZF10: 购自Huntsman的催化剂
Jeffcat DPA: 购自Huntsman的催化剂
DABCO: 三亚乙基二胺
氯化化合物
Cl1: 1,3-二氯-2-丙醇
Cl2: 2-[2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基]乙醇
Cl3: 2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙醇
Cl4: 双(2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙基)醚
Cl5: TCPP
Cl6: 3-氯-1-丙醇
Cl7: 3-氯-2,2-二甲基-1-丙醇
Cl8: 1-氯-2-丙醇
Cl9: Cerechlor S45(来自INEOS的氯化的C15-C17石蜡,45%Cl)
Br1: 3-溴-1-丙醇
异氰酸酯A: NCO含量为27.8的碳二亚胺改性的4,4’-MDI
通过混合以下组分制备混合物A:
79.9重量份的(pts.)多元醇A
4.8重量份的多元醇B
8.1重量份的MEG
5.0重量份的Isopur SA-21050
0.6重量份的水
0.8重量份的Polycat 15
0.8重量份的Jeffcat ZF10
0.25-2.0重量份的表1中的卤代化合物Cl1-Cl9或Br1
将混合物A和异氰酸酯组分A、以及表1中的氯化化合物在异氰酸酯指数为102下彼此混合,并且装料至闭合模具中以形成平均密度为380g/L的模制品。
异氰酸酯B:85份碳二亚胺改性的4,4’-MDI与15份NCO含量为27.1的聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯PMDI的混合物
通过混合以下组分制备混合物B:
85.3重量份的(pts.)多元醇A
10.0重量份的多元醇C
2.5重量份的水
1.5重量份的三乙醇胺
0.2重量份的Jeffcat DPA
0.5重量份的Jeffcat ZF10
0.5重量份的Cl1
将混合物B和异氰酸酯组分B在异氰酸酯指数为104.5下彼此混合,并且装料至闭合模具中以形成平均密度为137g/L的模制品。
异氰酸酯C:85份改性4,4’-MDI与15份NCO含量为24.6的聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯PMDI的混合物
通过混合以下组分制备混合物C:
86.6重量份的(pts.)多元醇A
11.0重量份的BDO
0.1重量份的水
0.3重量份的DABCO
2.0重量份的Isopur SA-21050
0.4-1.0重量份(pt.)的表3中的氯化化合物
将混合物C和异氰酸酯组分C、以及表4中的氯化化合物在异氰酸酯指数为103下彼此混合并且装料至闭合模具中以形成平均密度为800g/L的模制品。
机械性能的测量值采用以下标准中的步骤确定。
性能 | 单位 | DIN标准 |
硬度 | 邵氏A | 53505 |
拉伸强度 | kPa | 1798 |
拉伸应变 | % | 1798 |
密度 | g/mm3 | 845 |
热老化和高湿热老化过程根据标准DIN EN ISO 2440进行。
表1:未加入氯化化合物(参照)和分别添加所述浓度的氯化化合物Cl1-Cl9和Br1(在每种情况下以重量份表示,基于混合物A的总重量计)所得的整体泡沫在140℃下老化7天之前和之后的机械性能。
表1
续表1
表2:未加入氯化化合物(参照)和加入0.5重量份(基于混合物B的总重量计)的氯化化合物Cl1所得的半硬质泡沫在140℃下老化7天之前和之后的机械性能。
表2
表3:未加入氯化化合物(参照)和添加所述浓度的氯化化合物Cl1和Cl3(在每种情况下以重量份表示,基于混合物C的总重量计)所得的整体泡沫在150℃下老化14天之前和之后的机械性能。
表3
表4:分别添加所述浓度(在每种情况下以重量份表示,基于混合物A的总重量计)的氯化化合物Cl1和Cl4所得的整体泡沫在120℃和100%湿度的高压釜中高湿度水平下热老化3个周期(5个小时为1周期)之前和之后的机械性能。
表4
Claims (14)
1.一种生产聚氨酯的方法,其通过混合
(a)多异氰酸酯,
(b)带有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合物,
(c)包括可结合胺催化剂的催化剂,其中所用的可结合催化剂包括除带有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团外还带有一个或多个脂族叔氨基的化合物,并且其中至少一个叔氨基带有两个彼此独立选自甲基和乙基的基团、以及其它有机基团,
(d)具有2-15个碳原子的含有至少一个选自氧、氮、和硫的杂原子,并含有至少一个溴和/或氯原子的脂族烃,和任选地
(e)发泡剂,
(f)扩链剂和/或交联剂,及
(g)助剂和/或添加剂
以形成反应混合物,并使所述反应混合物完成反应以形成聚氨酯而进行,
其中所述脂族烃(d)选自1,3-二氯-2-丙醇、1,1,1-三氯-2-甲基-2-丙醇半水合物、2-[2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基]乙醇、2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙醇、双(2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙基)醚、3-氯-1-丙醇、3-氯-2,2-二甲基-1-丙醇、1-氯-2-丙醇、3-溴-1-丙醇、4-氯-1-丁二醇、5-氯-1-戊醇、和6-氯-1-己醇。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述脂族烃(d)包含一个或多个氯原子。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述脂族烃(d)带有对多异氰酸酯(a)呈反应性的基团。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述脂族烃(d)包含至少30重量%的氯和/或溴原子。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中脂族烃(d)的比例小于3重量%,基于组分(a)-(g)的总重量计。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其中带有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的聚合物(b)包括聚醚醇。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述可结合催化剂带有1-2个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项的方法,其中所述聚氨酯为平均密度为20-850g/L的聚氨酯泡沫。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其中所述聚氨酯泡沫为平均密度为150-500g/L的整体聚氨酯泡沫。
10.根据权利要求8的方法,其中所述聚氨酯为平均密度为20-100g/L的软质聚氨酯泡沫。
11.根据权利要求1-7任一项的方法,其中所述聚氨酯为平均密度为850g/L以上的压缩聚氨酯。
12.根据权利要求11的方法,其中所述聚氨酯为电缆套。
13.一种通过权利要求1-12任一项的方法生产的聚氨酯。
14.权利要求13的聚氨酯在交通工具内饰中的用途。
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EP12184330.4 | 2012-09-13 | ||
EP20120184330 EP2708577A1 (de) | 2012-09-13 | 2012-09-13 | Polyurethane enthaltend halogenverbindungen |
EP13166517.6A EP2799459A1 (de) | 2013-05-03 | 2013-05-03 | Polyurethane enthaltend Halogenverbindungen |
EP13166517.6 | 2013-05-03 | ||
PCT/EP2013/067232 WO2014040824A1 (de) | 2012-09-13 | 2013-08-19 | Polyurethane enthaltend halogenverbindungen |
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EP2895521A1 (de) | 2015-07-22 |
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