CN104617896A - Broadband highly efficient continuous inverse class-F power amplifier and design method thereof - Google Patents
Broadband highly efficient continuous inverse class-F power amplifier and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband highly efficient continuous inverse class-F power amplifier and a design method of the continuous inverse class-F power amplifier. The power amplifier comprises five high-low impedance transmission line type input matching circuits, six high-low impedance transmission line type output matching circuits, an adjustable input feed network and a broadband output feed network. Based on the improved simple real frequency technique matching algorithm with harmonic control, the input and output impedance of the power amplifier is subjected to broadband matching, and the high-efficiency working of the broadband highly efficient continuous inverse class-F power amplifier is realized. The design method improves the efficiency, while the defect that the dielectric constant of a baseplate material in the general low-pass filter prototype design method is limited is avoided, and the continuous inverse class-F power amplifier which can be applied to plates with the higher dielectric constant is provided. Under the application background of high-efficiency broadband power amplifiers and aiming at the comprehensive demands of the broadband high-efficiency design method, the broadband highly efficient continuous inverse class-F power amplifier has the advantages of being simple in structure, compact in size and wide in applicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of inverse continuously F power-like amplifier and method for designing thereof of broadband high-efficiency, belong to wireless communication technology field.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of new generation of wireless communication system, the demands such as the transfer of data of higher rate and abundanter business tine make the bandwidth of baseband signal become more and more wider, and the baseband signal in the LTE-Advanced communication even in 4G is up to 100MHz; In addition, the compatibility of plurality of communication schemes and the demand of multiband operation are had higher requirement to the bandwidth of wireless communication system especially.As the important component part in wireless communication system, the broadband character of high power amplifier becomes the important indicator weighing power amplifier properties.
On the other hand, in the face of the business demand that content is abundanter, the transfer of data of higher rate and the use of more efficient Spectrum-modulated technique allow the peak-to-average force ratio of signal transmission also improve constantly while bandwidth increases.In the face of the signal transmission with more high peak-to-average power ratio, power amplifier, in order to avoid Signal Compression and information loss, is had to return back to low power state and is carried out work.And as the maximum module of power consumption in wireless communication system, the energy consumption of power amplifier can account for the 50% even higher of whole system, the inefficiency brought by back-off can cause whole wireless communication system efficiency greatly to reduce, and causes the significant wastage of the energy.Therefore, the research of broadband high-efficiency power amplifier becomes the hot subject of current power amplifier field.
Broadband high-efficiency comprehensive designing method conventional at present, mainly adopt low pass filter prototype comprehensive designing method, first according to the impedance of fundamental frequency real part of load balance factor gained and the ratio determination impedance transformation ratio of 50 Ω, the exponent number of filter is determined according to the fixed percentage bandwidth mating required bandwidth and centre frequency; Corresponding lumped parameter low-pass filter circuit is obtained from low pass filter parameter list; Again the lumped circuit structure obtained is finely tuned, realize the match circuit of real number impedance to complex impedance; Finally by the lumped parameter match circuit that obtains according to the equivalency transform formula between lump original paper and transmission line, realize the conversion of lumped circuit to distributed transmission lines matching circuit.
But inventor finds under study for action, this from lump original paper to transmission line equivalent transformation need under certain prerequisite, that be exactly conversion after transmission line electrical length≤π/4.According to equivalency transform relation:
Wherein L and C represents inductance in lumped circuit and capacitance, Z
hand Z
lbe expressed as the highest of the transmission line after conversion and minimum characteristic impedance.β l represent conversion after transmission line electrical length.Generally, in order to ensure transmission line electrical length≤π/4 after conversion, require that transmission line ratio that is the highest and minimum characteristic impedance will be the bigger the better.
But if the lump original paper value before conversion is excessive, the transmission line electrical length after conversion is greater than π/4, transformational relation will inequivalence, thus makes whole match circuit generation mismatch.Choose the lower sheet material of dielectric constant (≤2.2) when the method for the guarantee equivalency transform generally taked is all design as far as possible, improve the numerical value of the highest characteristic impedance of transmission line (the narrowest width).Like this, when the transmission line ensuring enough width supports output current, enough narrow transmission line can be provided to produce high characteristic impedance.But, although the correctness of equivalent transformation to a certain extent can be ensured like this, but define low pass filter prototype method and can only be applied in lower dielectric constant sheet material.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of inverse continuously F power-like amplifier and method for designing thereof of broadband high-efficiency,
Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
An inverse continuously F power-like amplifier for broadband high-efficiency, comprises power amplifier 5, high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network 1, high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network 2, adjustable input feeding network 3 and Broadband emission feeding network 4; High low impedance transmission line formula input matching network 1 comprises the first transmission line; High low impedance transmission line formula output matching network 2 comprises the second transmission line;
Described high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network 1 comprises the second high-impedance transmission line 14, second low impedance transmission line 13, first high-impedance transmission line 12, first low impedance transmission line 11 be linked in sequence in the first transmission line; First open circuit minor matters line 15 is in parallel with the input of the first transmission line; Wherein, the second high-impedance transmission line 14 is as the input of the first transmission line, and the first low impedance transmission line 11 is as the output of the first transmission line; The output of the first transmission line is connected with the input of power amplifier 5;
Described high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network 2 comprises the third high impedance transmission lines 21, the 3rd low impedance transmission line 22, the 4th high-impedance transmission line 23, the 4th low impedance transmission line 24 and the 5th high-impedance transmission line 25 that are linked in sequence in the second transmission line; Second open circuit minor matters line 26 is in parallel with the output of the second transmission line; Wherein, third high impedance transmission lines 21 is as the input of the second transmission line, and the 5th high-impedance transmission line 25 is as the output of the second transmission line; The input of the second transmission line is connected with the output of power amplifier 5;
Described adjustable input feeding network comprises resistance 31, first choke induction 32, adjustable length transmission line 33 and N number of shunt capacitance; One end of resistance 31 is connected with the output of the first transmission line; The other end of resistance 31 is connected with one end of adjustable length transmission line 33 by the first choke induction 32; The other end of adjustable length transmission line 33 is connected with one end of N number of shunt capacitance respectively, the equal ground connection of the other end of its N number of shunt capacitance, N >=4, and N is positive integer; Described adjustable length transmission line 33 comprises the output line 331 and input line 333 that are parallel to each other, be provided with the transmission line 332 that a bar is parallel to each other, and transmission line 332 is vertical with output line 331 between output line 331 and input line 333; Wherein a is >=2, and a is positive integer;
Described Broadband emission feeding network comprises the second choke induction 41 and M shunt capacitance; One end of described second choke induction 41 is connected between third high impedance transmission lines 21 and the 3rd low impedance transmission line 22; The other end of described second choke induction 41 is connected with one end of M shunt capacitance respectively, the equal ground connection of the other end of its M shunt capacitance, described M >=3, and M is positive integer;
The input of described first transmission line is continuously the input of inverse F power-like amplifier, and the output of described second transmission line is continuously the output of inverse F power-like amplifier.
Further, the input of described first transmission line and the output of the second transmission line are all connected a coupling capacitance 6.
An inverse continuously F power-like amplifier method for designing for broadband high-efficiency, comprises the following steps:
1) utilize the harmonic load pulliung circuit in simulation software, obtain the harmonic wave input, output-resistor at the working band of power amplifier 5 and the harmonic frequency place within third harmonic frequencies and the input, output-resistor at fundamental frequency place; Described working band comprises harmonic frequency and fundamental frequency;
2) by the cut-off frequency parameter f in simple and easy for tradition real interpolation
eone group of frequency span is from low to high changed into by monodrome, thus the simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm be improved, minimum in described frequency span is from low to high not less than the operating frequency of power amplifier, and peak is not more than step 1) in third harmonic frequencies;
First the output optimization target values of output impedance matching networks in simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm be set, the fundamental frequency of the working band obtained by harmonic load pulliung circuit and the output impedance at fundamental frequency place are loaded into the target function in the simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm of described improvement, and the parameter of optimization object function is met the first-harmonic output impedance objective function F un_T of optimization target values; Again first-harmonic output impedance objective function F un_T is solved, obtain several meet described output optimization target values output impedance matching networks at fundamental frequency place;
Target function is brought in the output impedance at the harmonic frequency place harmonic frequency of working band and load balance factor obtained into, obtains harmonic wave impedance target function Har_T; To meet the output impedance matching networks of described output optimization target values at fundamental frequency place according to described several, calculate the value of the described harmonic wave impedance target function Har_T of several output impedance matching networks respectively at harmonic frequency place; The value of harmonic wave impedance target error function Har_Terr is calculated according to harmonic wave impedance target function value Har_T:
Har_Terr=1-Har_T contrasts several meet harmonic impedance target error functional value respective corresponding to the output impedance matching networks of described output optimization target values size at fundamental frequency place, pick out the matching network that harmonic wave impedance matching error amount is minimum, this matching network is high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network 2;
3) first the input optimization target values of input resistant matching network in simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm be set, by step 1) in the working band that obtained by load balance factor and first-harmonic, harmonic frequency input impedance be loaded into target function in the simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm of described improvement, the parameter of optimization object function is met the first-harmonic input impedance objective function F un_T1 of optimization target values; Again first-harmonic input impedance objective function F un_T1 is solved, obtain several meet described input optimization target values input resistant matching network at fundamental frequency place;
Target function is brought in the input impedance at the harmonic frequency place harmonic frequency in working band and load balance factor thereof obtained into, obtains harmonic wave input impedance target function Har_T1; To meet the input resistant matching network of described input optimization target values at fundamental frequency place according to described several, calculate the value of the described harmonic wave input impedance target function Har_T1 of several input resistant matching networks respectively at harmonic frequency place; The value of harmonic wave input impedance target error function Har_Terr1 is calculated according to harmonic wave input impedance target function value Har_T1:
Har_Terr1＝1-Har_T1
Contrast several meet harmonic impedance target error functional value respective corresponding to the input resistant matching network of described input optimization target values size at fundamental frequency place, pick out the matching network that harmonic wave input resistant matching error amount is minimum, this matching network is high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network 1;
4) by step 2) the high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network 2 that obtains is connected with Broadband emission feeding network 4, makes output matching network to produce open-circuit condition; Step 3) in the high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network 1 that obtains be connected with adjustable input feeding network 3; And high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network 2, high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network 1 are connected with power amplifier 5, obtain final inverse F power-like amplifier.
Further, described power amplifier 5 adopts GaN high electron mobility pipe.
Beneficial effect: the inverse continuously F power-like amplifier of a kind of broadband high-efficiency provided by the invention and method for designing thereof:
1) application is more extensive: because the simple and easy real interpolation matching process that uses take microstrip transmission line as the matching network of elementary cell, do not need to experience general low pass filter prototype method from lumped parameter original paper to transmission line equivalency transform process, so be also just no longer limited to the restrictive condition of transmission line electrical length≤π/4 after conversion.Just do not need the factor considering sheet material dielectric constant again when design power amplifier like this, can be applied in higher dielectric constant sheet material.Same peak efficiency reaches more than 80%, and sheet material dielectric constant used in the present invention is 3.5, and the dielectric constant used higher than general low pass filter prototype method is the sheet material of 2.2.
2) high efficiency: compare original simple and easy real interpolation matching process, the simple and easy real interpolation improved adds harmonic controling outside first-harmonic coupling, by to the control of input and output harmonic impedance and selection, power amplifier is made to produce high efficiency harmonic impedance type, the present invention passes through at second_harmonic generation high impedance, and THIRD-HARMONIC GENERATION Low ESR makes designed power amplifier present continuously inverse F type.This is a kind of power amplifier output type of broadband high-efficiency.Make power amplifier of the present invention minimum saturation efficiency in 1.7 ~ 2.8GHz bandwidth reach 60%, peak value saturation efficiency reaches 80.4%.
3) wide bandwidth: be compared to general inverse continuously F power-like amplifier, power amplifier bandwidth designed by the present invention is wider, frequency is also higher, mainly because general high efficiency method for designing, harmonic impedance type can not be controlled, specific design can not go out a certain high efficiency power amplifier circuit, and the inverse F class using Smith circle diagram to design and continuously inverse F class, bandwidth cannot reach wider bandwidth.
4) miniaturized: compared to the sheet material of low-k, the more sheet material of high-k, according to medium medium wavelength computing formula,
λ represents medium wavelength, and f represents operating frequency, and μ ε represents magnetic permeability and the dielectric constant of medium, and wavelength wherein can be shorter, and this also just means that its physical size of same electrical length is less.Such method for designing is more conducive to power amplifier Miniaturization Design.
5) simplicity of design: simple and easy real interpolation matching process is different from the conversion between low pass filter prototype 50 Ω to real impedance value, it be a kind of from 50 Ω to complex impedance matching process.And the optimum output impedance of power amplifier is all generally complex impedance, so simple and easy real interpolation matching process is simpler.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is broadband of the present invention inverse F power-like amplifier circuit diagram continuously;
Fig. 2 is the adjustable schematic diagram of transmission lines in adjustable input feeding network of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the simple and easy real interpolation matching process schematic flow sheet of improvement of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is improvement of the present invention simple and easy real interpolation match circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that realization of the present invention is continuously against the 1.7GHz place internal reference flat current-voltage waveform schematic diagram of F class mode of operation;
Fig. 6 is the large-signal resolution chart of embodiment at 1.7 ~ 2.8GHz;
Fig. 7 is the digital pre-distortion fore-and-aft survey result of embodiment under 2.55GHz, 100MHz modulation signal;
Fig. 8 is the modulation signal feature measurement result such as efficiency and adjacent channel leakage power ratio of embodiment under 2.55GHz, 100MHz modulation signal;
Wherein: 1-high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network, 2-high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network, the adjustable input feeding network of 3-, 4-Broadband emission feeding network, 5-power amplifier, 6-coupling capacitance.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
An inverse continuously F power-like amplifier for broadband high-efficiency, comprising: high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network 1, high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network 2, adjustable input feeding network 3 and Broadband emission feeding network 4 as shown in Figure 1; High low impedance transmission line formula output matching 2 is by three sections of high-impedance transmission line and two sections of low impedance transmission line, and additional one section of open circuit minor matters line forms high low impedance transmission line formula structure; High low impedance transmission line formula Input matching is by two sections of low impedance transmission line, and two sections of high-impedance transmission line, additional one section of open circuit minor matters line forms high low impedance transmission line formula structure.The simple and easy real interpolation comprehensive Design that input-output adapt ation Web vector graphic improves.
High low impedance transmission line formula input matching network 1 comprises the second high-impedance transmission line 14, second low impedance transmission line 13, first high-impedance transmission line 12, first low impedance transmission line 11 be linked in sequence in the first transmission line; First open circuit minor matters line 15 is in parallel with the input of the first transmission line; The output of the first transmission line is connected with the input of power amplifier;
High low impedance transmission line formula output matching network 2 comprises the third high impedance transmission lines 21, the 3rd low impedance transmission line 22, the 4th high-impedance transmission line 23, the 4th low impedance transmission line 24 and the 5th high-impedance transmission line 25 that are linked in sequence in the second transmission line; Second open circuit minor matters line 26 is in parallel with the output of the second transmission line; The input of the second transmission line is connected with the output of power amplifier;
Adjustable input feeding network comprises resistance 31, first choke induction 32, adjustable length transmission line 33; One end of resistance 31 is connected with the output of the first transmission line, i.e. one end of the first low impedance transmission line 11, and adjustable input feeding network is used for feed; The other end of resistance 31 is connected with one end of adjustable length transmission line 33 by the first choke induction 32; The other end four shunt capacitances in parallel of adjustable length transmission line 33; As shown in Figure 2, adjustable length transmission line 33 has two ports, is respectively port one and port 2, and corresponding to port one is exactly input line 333, and namely corresponding to port 2 is output line 331, and output line 331 and input line 333 are parallel to each other.Between output line 331 and input line 333, be provided with the transmission line 332 that a bar is parallel to each other, transmission line 332 is vertical with output line 331; Wherein a is >=2, and a is integer; The effect of adjustable length transmission line 33 is the output impedance regulating input feeding network, when the later stage is to whole inverse F power-like amplifier debugging continuously, adjusts input standing wave and gain flatness.The transmission line 332 that a bar is parallel to each other is used to overlap input line 331 and output line 333, and the transmission line at welding diverse location place, will produce the transmission line path of different length, play impedance adjustment effect.Resistance 31 plays the effect of voltage stabilizing.Namely the port one of adjustable transmission line 33 connects with the first choke induction 32, and the port 2 of adjustable transmission line 33 is for welding shunt capacitance in parallel (34,35,36,37).Some difference connectivity port 2 of shunt capacitance (34,35,36,37), the equal ground connection of shunt capacitance (34,35,36, the 37) other end.
Broadband emission feeding network comprises the second choke induction 41 and three shunt capacitances (42,43,44); One end of second choke induction 41 is connected between third high impedance transmission lines 21 and the 3rd low impedance transmission line 22; The other end three shunt capacitances (42,43,44) in parallel of described second choke induction 41.One end of shunt capacitance (42,43,44) connects the second choke induction 41 respectively, the equal ground connection of the other end of shunt capacitance (42,43,44).Use the second choke induction 41, shunt capacitance in parallel (42,43,44) structure all produces high input impedance in whole working band, produces open-circuit condition to high low impedance transmission line formula output matching circuit.
The input/output terminal of the continuously inverse F power-like amplifier of broadband high-efficiency of the present invention has all been connected a coupling capacitance, and coupling capacitance 6 has been used to the effect of isolated DC, to the damage of instrument and power amplifier itself when can avoid test like this.
Based on the Broadband Matching method for designing with the simple and easy real interpolation of harmonic controling improved, this method for designing comprises the following steps:
1) power amplifier element model is used, utilize the harmonic load pulliung circuit in ADS simulation software, obtain the harmonic wave input, output-resistor at the working band of power amplifier 5 and the harmonic frequency place within third harmonic frequencies and the input, output-resistor at fundamental frequency place;
2) by the cut-off frequency parameter f in simple and easy for tradition real interpolation
eone group of frequency span is from low to high changed into by monodrome, thus the simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm be improved, minimum in described frequency span is from low to high not less than the operating frequency of power amplifier, and peak is not more than step 1) in third harmonic frequencies; Described working band comprises harmonic frequency and fundamental frequency;
First the output optimization target values of output impedance matching networks in simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm be set, the fundamental frequency of the working band obtained by harmonic load pulliung circuit and the output impedance at fundamental frequency place are loaded into the target function in the simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm of described improvement, and the parameter of optimization object function is met the first-harmonic output impedance objective function F un_T of optimization target values; Again first-harmonic output impedance objective function F un_T is solved, obtain several meet described output optimization target values output impedance matching networks at fundamental frequency place;
Target function is brought in the output impedance at the harmonic frequency place harmonic frequency of working band and load balance factor obtained into, obtains harmonic wave impedance target function Har_T; To meet the output impedance matching networks of described output optimization target values at fundamental frequency place according to described several, calculate the value of the described harmonic wave impedance target function Har_T of several output impedance matching networks respectively at harmonic frequency place; The value of harmonic wave impedance target error function Har_Terr is calculated according to harmonic wave impedance target function value Har_T:
Har_Terr=1-Har_T (2) contrasts several meet harmonic impedance target error functional value respective corresponding to the output impedance matching networks of described output optimization target values size at fundamental frequency place, pick out the matching network that harmonic wave impedance matching error amount is minimum, this matching network is high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network 2;
3) first the input optimization target values of input resistant matching network in simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm be set, by step 1) in the working band that obtained by load balance factor and first-harmonic, harmonic frequency input impedance be loaded into target function in the simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm of described improvement, the parameter of optimization object function is met the first-harmonic input impedance objective function F un_T1 of optimization target values; Again first-harmonic input impedance objective function F un_T1 is solved, obtain several meet described input optimization target values input resistant matching network at fundamental frequency place;
Target function is brought in the input impedance at the harmonic frequency place harmonic frequency in working band and load balance factor thereof obtained into, obtains harmonic wave input impedance target function Har_T1; To meet the input resistant matching network of described input optimization target values at fundamental frequency place according to described several, calculate the value of the described harmonic wave input impedance target function Har_T1 of several input resistant matching networks respectively at harmonic frequency place; The value of harmonic wave input impedance target error function Har_Terr1 is calculated according to harmonic wave input impedance target function value Har_T1:
Har_Terr1＝1-Har_T1 (3)
Contrast several meet harmonic impedance target error functional value respective corresponding to the input resistant matching network of described input optimization target values size at fundamental frequency place, pick out the matching network that harmonic wave input resistant matching error amount is minimum, this matching network is high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network 1; For step 3) in input matching network when designing, according to the impact of source harmonic impedance on whole efficiency, can only mate for impedance of fundamental frequency.
4) by step 2) the high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network 2 that obtains is connected with Broadband emission feeding network 4, makes output matching network to produce open-circuit condition; Step 3) in the high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network 1 that obtains be connected with adjustable input feeding network 3; And high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network 2, high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network 1 are connected with power amplifier 5, obtain final inverse F power-like amplifier.
By step 2) and step 3) in the input-output adapt ation network that obtains and feeding network combine and form complete input-output adapt ation network, and the input and output feeding network with feeding network is connected to before and after existing device model, carries out entirety emulation, the input and output network obtained is optimized further, makes designed power amplifier have best characteristic in whole working band.For output feeding network, use series connection second choke induction inductance 41, shunt capacitance (42,43,44) structure in parallel all produces high input impedance in the whole working band of power amplifier, open-circuit condition is produced to output matching network, for input feeding network, use series voltage stabilizing resistance 31 and the first choke induction 32, adjustable length transmission line 33, and shunt capacitance in parallel (34,35,36,37) structure realizes broadband input feeding network.Shunt capacitance (42,43,44) in Broadband emission feeding network plays good bypass and the effect of filtering all in circuit with the shunt capacitance (34,35,36,37) in adjustable input feeding network.
Enumerate an embodiment below:
Designing power amplifier working frequency range in the present embodiment is 1.7 ~ 2.8GHz, and power amplifier 5 used is GaN high electron mobility pipe (GaN HEMT) CGH40010F.Here use dielectric constant to be 3.5, thickness is that the sheet material of 30mil carries out.Design utilizes ADS simulation software to obtain power amplification organ pipe to change near 9.6+j*10.6 Ω in the first-harmonic output impedance of 1.7 ~ 2.8GHz.In order to obtain high efficiency inverse F class operating state, set through emulation and export second harmonic as-j*199 Ω, present high impedance status, triple-frequency harmonics is set as-j*36 Ω, presents little impedance short-circuit condition.These impedances are brought in the simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm of improvement, setting cut-off frequency parameter f
eexcursion be 0.6 ~ 6.6GHz, the output optimization target values theoretical maximum of output impedance matching networks in simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm is 1, here 0.8 is got, exponent number k in algorithm is set to 6, TL1, TL2, TL3, TL4, TL5, TL6 represent 6 sections of impedance transmission lines, and every section of microstrip line length is 6.15mm.Obtain output matching circuit parameter as table 1, circuit structure as shown in Figure 4:
Table 1 improves simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm f
e
Input matching network is identical with output matching network method for designing, also adopts 6 sections of impedance transmission lines to mate.The input-output adapt ation network using the simple and easy real interpolation matching process improved to obtain also will be connected with input and output feeding network.In the present embodiment, resistance 31 in adjustable input feeding network and the first choke induction 32 value are respectively 100 Ω and 22nH, shunt capacitance value (34,35,36,37) respectively is 18pF, 39pF, 100pF, and 33000pF, in Broadband emission feeding network, the second choke induction 41 is taken as 12nH, shunt capacitance value (42,43,44) respectively is 7.5pF, 82pF and 100pF.
(the input network that the simple and easy real interpolation matching process of improvement obtains is high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network 1 to the input-output adapt ation network obtained by the simple and easy real interpolation matching process improved, the output network that obtains of simple and easy real interpolation matching process improved is high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network 2) be connected with power amplifier and be optimized, adjust and make power amplifier have best operating characteristic in 1.7 ~ 2.8GHz frequency range.After optimizing process, the 6th section of transmission line in output matching network, because more close with 50 ohm, again because simple and easy real interpolation and general filter design method all use low pass filter concept, final stage transmission line can regard the capacitive effect in LC low pass filter as, so replaced by this section of microstrip line open circuit minor matters line with capacitive effect.And in input matching network adjustment, in order to realize Broadband Matching, and ensure the gain flatness in whole band, original first paragraph high impedance microstrip line being removed, only leaving 5 sections of microstrip transmission lines and realizing coupling.Against F class high efficiency power amplifier circuit structure as shown in Figure 1, the dimension of microstrip line in the first transmission line finally in input matching network is table 1 in the broadband that final optimization pass obtains:
Table 1: the dimension of microstrip line in the first transmission line
Dimension of microstrip line in final the second transmission line in output matching network is table 2:
Table 2: the dimension of microstrip line in the second transmission line
Fig. 5 emulates from power amplifier internal reference plane the current-voltage waveform curve obtained, and can see, voltage waveform dotted line is in approximate semisinusoidal waveform, and current waveform solid line presents the square-wave waveform of gradual change.The current-voltage waveform figure that internal reference plane obtains indicates the inverse continuously F class job category of designed power amplifier, and describe the validity of method for designing from the side, the dotted line wherein in figure represents voltage, and solid line represents electric current.
Fig. 6 is the present invention's example inverse test result of F class high efficiency power amplifier under large-signal (large-signal is that tone signal is greater than more than 30dbm in power output) continuously, comprising its gain, and power output and drain efficiency test result.The large-signal gain recorded is 14.4 ~ 15.3dB, and saturation power, at 40.2 ~ 42.9dBm, exceedes specified 10W power, and peak power, close to 20W, much larger than power tube rated output power, demonstrates the validity of matching process.Be 60.3% ~ 80.4% in the drain efficiency of 1.7 ~ 2.8GHz, wherein peak efficiencies is at 2GHz, is the inverse continuously F class high efficiency power amplifier that frequency known today is the highest.Secondly, peak efficiency reaches more than 80%, and the highest 83% efficiency provided with document two is close, but the sheet material used is the dielectric constant higher than it is the sheet material of 3.5, and the 2.35GHz that operating frequency provides than document exceeds 450MHz.
Document two: " Design of broadband highly efficient harmonic-tuned power amplifier usingin-band continuous Class-F/F mode-transferring " Kenle Chen, Dimitrios Peroulis work, IEEETransaction Microwave Theory Technique magazine the 60th volume, 12nd, 4107 – 4116 pages, in December, 2012.
For the inverse continuously F power-like amplifier practical situations in a communications system of checking example of the present invention, we use the LTE-Advanced of 100MHz (long term evolution advanced) Broad-band Modulated Signal to encouraging against F power-like amplifier continuously, and carry out digital pre-distortion correction to it.Fig. 7 provides it at agreement frequency range 2.55GHz, power output at 32.1dBm, efficiency 30.5%, the power spectral density test result before and after digital pre-distortion.Through digital pre-distortion, the adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) of inverse F power-like amplifier is improved to-46.4/-46.0dBc from-35.9/-34.0dBc continuously.According to LTE-Advanced consensus standard, the linearisation result after requiring digital pre-distortion wants≤-45dBc.Can find out, the inverse continuously F power-like amplifier of design meets completely and is better than communication standard.Simultaneously, the inverse continuously characteristic of F class high efficiency power amplifier under modulation signal for example of the present invention is also measured, obtain result as shown in Figure 8, what used remains 100MHz Broad-band Modulated Signal, measure power amplifier output power from small to large, the adjacent channel leakage power ratio of the efficiency under modulation signal and left and right sideband.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the inverse continuously F power-like amplifier of a broadband high-efficiency, it is characterized in that: comprise power amplifier (5), high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network (1), high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network (2), adjustable input feeding network (3) and Broadband emission feeding network (4); High low impedance transmission line formula input matching network (1) comprises the first transmission line; High low impedance transmission line formula output matching network (2) comprises the second transmission line;
Described high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network (1) comprises the second high-impedance transmission line (14), the second low impedance transmission line (13), the first high-impedance transmission line (12), the first low impedance transmission line (11) that are linked in sequence in the first transmission line; First open circuit minor matters line (15) is in parallel with the input of the first transmission line; Wherein, the second high-impedance transmission line (14) is as the input of the first transmission line, and the first low impedance transmission line (11) is as the output of the first transmission line; The output of the first transmission line is connected with the input of power amplifier (5);
Described high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network (2) comprises the third high impedance transmission lines (21), the 3rd low impedance transmission line (22), the 4th high-impedance transmission line (23), the 4th low impedance transmission line (24) and the 5th high-impedance transmission line (25) that are linked in sequence in the second transmission line; Second open circuit minor matters line (26) is in parallel with the output of the second transmission line; Wherein, third high impedance transmission lines (21) is as the input of the second transmission line, and the 5th high-impedance transmission line (25) is as the output of the second transmission line; The input of the second transmission line is connected with the output of power amplifier (5);
Described adjustable input feeding network comprises resistance (31), the first choke induction (32), adjustable length transmission line (33) and N number of shunt capacitance; One end of resistance (31) is connected with the output of the first transmission line; The other end of resistance (31) is connected with one end of adjustable length transmission line (33) by the first choke induction (32); The other end of adjustable length transmission line (33) is connected with one end of N number of shunt capacitance respectively, the equal ground connection of the other end of its N number of shunt capacitance, N >=4, and N is positive integer; Described adjustable length transmission line (33) comprises the output line (331) and input line (333) that are parallel to each other, between output line (331) and input line (333), be provided with the transmission line (332) that a bar is parallel to each other, and transmission line (332) is vertical with output line (331); Wherein a is >=2, and a is positive integer;
Described Broadband emission feeding network comprises the second choke induction (41) and M shunt capacitance; One end of described second choke induction (41) is connected between third high impedance transmission lines (21) and the 3rd low impedance transmission line (22); The other end of described second choke induction (41) is connected with one end of M shunt capacitance respectively, the equal ground connection of the other end of its M shunt capacitance, described M >=3, and M is positive integer;
The input of described first transmission line is continuously the input of inverse F power-like amplifier, and the output of described second transmission line is continuously the output of inverse F power-like amplifier.
2. a kind of continuously inverse F power-like amplifier of broadband high-efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the input of described first transmission line and the output of the second transmission line are all connected a coupling capacitance (6).
3. an inverse continuously F power-like amplifier method for designing for broadband high-efficiency, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) utilize the harmonic load pulliung circuit in simulation software, obtain the harmonic wave input, output-resistor at the working band of power amplifier (5) and the harmonic frequency place within third harmonic frequencies and the input, output-resistor at fundamental frequency place; Described working band comprises harmonic frequency and fundamental frequency;
2) by the cut-off frequency parameter f in simple and easy for tradition real interpolation
eone group of frequency span is from low to high changed into by monodrome, thus the simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm be improved, minimum in described frequency span is from low to high not less than the lowest frequency value in the working band of power amplifier, and peak is not more than step 1) in third harmonic frequencies;
First the output optimization target values of output impedance matching networks in simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm be set, the fundamental frequency of the working band obtained by harmonic load pulliung circuit and the output impedance at fundamental frequency place are loaded into the target function in the simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm of described improvement, and the parameter of optimization object function is met the first-harmonic output impedance objective function F un_T of optimization target values; Again first-harmonic output impedance objective function F un_T is solved, obtain several meet described output optimization target values output impedance matching networks at fundamental frequency place;
Target function is brought in the output impedance at the harmonic frequency place harmonic frequency of working band and load balance factor obtained into, obtains harmonic wave impedance target function Har_T; To meet the output impedance matching networks of described output optimization target values at fundamental frequency place according to described several, calculate the value of the described harmonic wave impedance target function Har_T of several output impedance matching networks respectively at harmonic frequency place; The value of harmonic wave impedance target error function Har_Terr is calculated according to harmonic wave impedance target function value Har_T:
Har_Terr＝1-Har_T
Contrast several meet harmonic impedance target error functional value respective corresponding to the output impedance matching networks of described output optimization target values size at fundamental frequency place, pick out the matching network that harmonic wave impedance matching error amount is minimum, this matching network is high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network (2);
3) first the input optimization target values of input resistant matching network in simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm be set, by step 1) in the working band that obtained by load balance factor and first-harmonic, harmonic frequency input impedance be loaded into target function in the simple and easy real interpolation matching algorithm of described improvement, the parameter of optimization object function is met the first-harmonic input impedance objective function F un_T1 of optimization target values; Again first-harmonic input impedance objective function F un_T1 is solved, obtain several meet described input optimization target values input resistant matching network at fundamental frequency place;
Target function is brought in the input impedance at the harmonic frequency place harmonic frequency in working band and load balance factor thereof obtained into, obtains harmonic wave input impedance target function Har_T1; To meet the input resistant matching network of described input optimization target values at fundamental frequency place according to described several, calculate the value of the described harmonic wave input impedance target function Har_T1 of several input resistant matching networks respectively at harmonic frequency place; The value of harmonic wave input impedance target error function Har_Terr1 is calculated according to harmonic wave input impedance target function value Har_T1:
Har_Terr1＝1-Har_T1
Contrast several meet harmonic impedance target error functional value respective corresponding to the input resistant matching network of described input optimization target values size at fundamental frequency place, pick out the matching network that harmonic wave input resistant matching error amount is minimum, this matching network is high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network (1);
4) by step 2) the high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network (2) that obtains is connected with Broadband emission feeding network (4), makes output matching network to produce open-circuit condition; Step 3) in the high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network (1) that obtains be connected with adjustable input feeding network (3); And high low impedance transmission line formula output matching network (2), high low impedance transmission line formula input matching network (1) are connected with power amplifier (5), obtain final inverse F power-like amplifier.
4. the inverse continuously F power-like amplifier of a kind of broadband high-efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described power amplifier (5) adopts GaN high electron mobility pipe.
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