CN104597222A - Large frozen soil model test system with moisturizing function and frost heaving test function - Google Patents
Large frozen soil model test system with moisturizing function and frost heaving test function Download PDFInfo
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- CN104597222A CN104597222A CN201510015016.4A CN201510015016A CN104597222A CN 104597222 A CN104597222 A CN 104597222A CN 201510015016 A CN201510015016 A CN 201510015016A CN 104597222 A CN104597222 A CN 104597222A
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Abstract
The invention provides a large frozen soil model test system with a moisturizing function and a frost heaving test function. A moisturizing system and a refrigeration system of the model test system are arranged in a model tank box body; a loading system capable of vertically moving is arranged at the top of the model tank box body; a temperature field test device is arranged at the periphery of the refrigeration system; a frost heaving three-dimensional stress-strain test device is arranged on the inner side wall in the model tank box body; and a frost heaving and thaw collapse observation device is fixedly arranged at the top of the model tank box body. The large frozen soil model test system has the beneficial effects that a platform for scientific research is provided for researching the physical and mechanical properties of artificially frozen soil and optimizing an artificial freezing method; the large frozen soil model test system can be widely applied to freezing method construction model tests in the fields of geotechnical engineering, underground construction, traffic engineering and the like, for example, simulation tests are carried out on underground construction such as shield tunnel inlet and outlet freezing reinforcement, contact passage freezing method construction, and deep foundation pit freezing support; in addition, the natural frozen soil can also be simulated by adjusting control parameters of refrigerating machines; and large frozen soil model test system is applied to research on damages and effects on buildings and structures caused by seasonally frozen ground and frozen soil in permafrost regions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of large-scale frozen soil model pilot system with water supplement function and frost heave test function, be specially adapted to the scientific experimentation carried out about frozen soil aspect and study.This invention can carry out the test of rock-soil material freeze capability, and the Frost heaving mechanism of the research soil body, completes the moisture field of the soil body, temperature field, stress field THM coupling model test.
Background technology
Along with the quickening of China's urban infrastructure paces, underground railway track transport development tide is risen in each big city, and the problem about underground space development also just becomes a focus of academic circles at present research.Artificial stratum artificial freezing method has that water shutoff is good, intensity is high, without the advantage such as environmental hazard, strong adaptability, nerve be good, be applied in underground space development engineering more and more, as: Metro Connection Passage construction freezing method, shield structure export & import consolidation by freezing, Deep Foundation Pit Frozen sealing, consolidation by freezing engineering etc.
Often frozen soil is used as interim waterproof and building enclosure in frozen construction engineering method, therefore studies the character of the physical mechanics related fields of frozen soil, to engineering practice, there is extremely strong directive significance.Because therefore model test according to the project profile of builder's yard design and assembly model test groove flexibly, can become a kind of effective way of current scientific research.Chamber test system carries out Geotechnical Engineering field to be correlated with the main indoor model test carrier of problem.Current existing model groove, mainly for the geotechnical engineering problems development and Design of routine, relates generally to the research of the aspects such as ground foundation engineering, slope project, engineering geology.Model investigation for artificial stratum artificial freezing method relevant issues is less, still lacks comparatively perfect freezing soil model test test macro.
Given this, developing one can carry out freezing soil correlation test, can carry out the model assay systems of moisture field, temperature field and stress field THM coupling, become researchist's problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of large-scale frozen soil model pilot system with water supplement function and frost heave test function, for the freeze capability of research rock-soil material, and the physics of the soil body under moisture field, temperature field and stress field THM coupling condition and mechanical characteristic.
The technical scheme solved the problems of the technologies described above is to provide a kind of large-scale frozen soil model pilot system with water supplement function and frost heave test function, wherein: this model assay systems comprises model tank body, loading system, refrigeration system, water charging system, temperature field testing device, frost heave triaxiality strain detection testing device, frozen swell and melt settlement observation device and data acquisition system (DAS); Water charging system and refrigeration system are arranged on model groove box house, model tank body top is provided with can the loading system of vertical movement, refrigeration system is arranged on the center of model tank body, level or vergence direction are placed, temperature field testing device is arranged on refrigeration system surrounding, frost heave triaxiality strain detection testing device is arranged on model tank body madial wall place, and frozen swell and melt settlement observation device is fixed on model tank body top.
The large-scale frozen soil model pilot system that the present invention has water supplement function and frost heave test function has following outstanding feature and invention effect:
1. what the present invention innovated is incorporated into refrigeration system in model test, and adopts integrated automation control system, operating in a key, extremely easy to use.This system can complete loading automatically, and Automatic-cooling regulates and controls, and the automatic collection of test parameters and data processing.
2. be provided with infiltration water replanishing device in model groove inside, for freezing soil provides an open system, can provide water recharging during freezing soil moisture generation migration in test, analog simulation groundwater environment as much as possible, the water and soil that realizes that can be real is coupled.Coordinate refrigeration system and loading system again, the coupling model test of moisture field in Freezing Soils, temperature field and stress field three can be realized.
3. test in apply homemade triaxiality strain detection testing device, can monitor and calculate freezing soil produce frost heave stress and frost heave cause frost heave strain; And in soil body surface, frozen swell and melt settlement observation device is set, can from the protuberance distortion of macroscopically recording soil body surface and producing because of frost heave, and the thaw collapse distortion occurred when the soil body thaws, the frozen swell and melt settlement effect in Efficient Evaluation engineering with artificial freezing method.
The present invention also has following characteristics:
1. expansibility
Large-scale conventional model groove simulation test can be carried out, as excavation of foundation pit, metro shield, slope project etc. when not enabling refrigeration system situation.Arrange the freezing parameters of refrigerating machine, arrange freezing apparatus in model groove soil body surface, setting circulating refrigerant Temperature-time function, also can simulate the destruction of natural frozen soil to buildings, structures.
2. dirigibility and popularity
Whole model groove is formed by stacking by channel-section steel, is bolt and assembles conveniently, can according to the size of testing requirements adjustment model groove.During the construction of simulation Artificial Frozen Soil, according to Practical Project flexible arrangement freezing apparatus, service channel Horizontal Freezing can be simulated, shield structure imports and exports vertical freezing reinforcing, Deep Foundation Pit Frozen water sealing consolidation etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 model tank of the present invention body horizontal sectional drawing;
Fig. 2 internal layer model of the present invention casing vertical view;
Fig. 3 model tank of the present invention body front elevation;
Fig. 4 model tank of the present invention body-side view;
Fig. 5 top of the present invention reaction beam planimetric map;
Fig. 6 groundwater simulation infiltration of the present invention water charging system;
Fig. 7 refrigeration system schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 8 gland bonnet vertical view of the present invention;
Fig. 9 gland bonnet A-A of the present invention sectional view;
The three-dimensional soil pressure cell schematic diagram of Figure 10 the present invention;
Figure 11 three dimensional strain flower of the present invention schematic diagram.
In figure:
1. layer box body 3.H shaped steel bearing 4.H shaped steel column 5. channel-section steel in model tank body 2.
6. steel plate 7. feed pipe 8. cement pedestal 9.H shaped steel coupling beam 10.H shaped steel crossbeam
11.5# stainless steel angle steel 12. diameter 20mm circular hole 13. flowrate control valve
14. flowmeter 15. water leg 16. high-pressure hydraulic pump 17. refrigerating machines
18. brine tank 19. water circulating pump 20. series pipe 21. freezing apparatuss
22.
bolt hole 23. high density rubber gasket 24. soil pressure cell
25. foil gauge 26. wires
Embodiment
By reference to the accompanying drawings the large-scale frozen soil model pilot system with water supplement function and frost heave test function of the present invention is described in detail.
Based on the large-scale frozen soil model pilot system with water supplement function and frost heave test function of the present invention, by the infiltration water charging system of system, freeze refrigeration system and loading system, the THM coupling simulation test of moisture field in Freezing Soils, temperature field and stress field can be realized.First this system can simulate formation water environment, is an open system.Can provide the water recharging of moving moisture during freezing soil in test, not only can there is original position frost heave during such freezing soil in the moisture field of simulate formation water environment as much as possible, can also have the fractional condensation frost heave of water translocation supply.Secondly, this system effectively should be able to monitor the frost heave action of the soil body.Aqueous water in the soil body undergoes phase transition volume by water to ice and increases, constantly assemble to freezing zone along with freezing the moisture carried out in the non-frozen soil of surrounding, cause freezing zone soil body ice content to continue to increase, there is ice lens in subregion, larger frost-heave force and frost-heaving deformation appear in the soil body.
Based on this, this model assay systems comprises model tank body, loading system, refrigeration system, water charging system, temperature field testing device, frost heave triaxiality strain detection testing device, frozen swell and melt settlement observation device and data acquisition system (DAS); Water charging system and refrigeration system are arranged on model groove box house, model tank body top is provided with can the loading system of vertical movement, refrigeration system is arranged on the center of model tank body, can level or vergence direction place, temperature field testing device is arranged on refrigeration system surrounding, frost heave triaxiality strain detection testing device is arranged on model tank body madial wall place, and frozen swell and melt settlement observation device is fixed on model tank body top.
Model tank body is the carrier of whole test, and described model tank body is divided into inside and outside two-layer, and interior layer box body 2 is cubic container, is formed by connecting by angle steel skeleton and corrosion resistant plate with holes, for placing the soil body material of test simulation; Model tank body 1 is in the surrounding of interior layer box body 2, and be highly formed by stacking to outer model tank body 1 by channel-section steel 5 concave surface, the flange portions of channel-section steel 5 is bolted, and is convenient to the assembled of model tank body 1 and dismounting.Interior layer box body 2 adopts stainless steel, and casing is that corrosion resistant plate with holes and ribbed stiffener are welded, and four sidewalls of interior layer box body and bottom surface are 20cm apart from outer side box body distance.Outer-layer box body sidewall is formed by stacking to outer web height by 20b channel-section steel concave surface, the type of attachment of channel-section steel select be convenient to assembled with dismounting bolt be connected.Suitable assembled height can be set according to testing requirements in test, can according to test demand in position reserved viewport.
Water charging system is a characteristic structure of this model assay systems, and water charging system, between inside and outside two layer box bodies, comprises feed pipe 7, flowrate control valve 13, flowmeter 14, water leg 15 and high-pressure hydraulic pump 16; Feed pipe 7 is arranged along model tank body sidewall height level, adjustment flowrate control valve 13 controllable flow flow velocity and flow, the underground water table of simulation different depth soil layer and hydraulic pressure, carries out water and soil coupling test and solves water environment needed for model test.A set of water replanishing device is set between inside and outside two layer box bodies, coordinates high-pressure hydraulic pump and flowrate control valve, the simulation of underground water table and piestic water can be completed.
Loading system can provide the steady load needed for test, is made up of reaction frame and hydraulic jack.Hydraulic jack can to system applying load straight down.Namely below reaction beam, be evenly arranged 6 hydraulic jacks, controlled by a Hydraulic Station, reach the object of unified collaborative pressurization, the load that lifting jack applies passes to the soil body by the vertical steel plate that loads.Described loading system comprises reaction frame and hydraulic jack, reaction frame comprises H profile steel column 4 and reaction beam, H profile steel column 4 is vertically placed along model tank body 1 side-wall outer side, be connected with the H profile steel bearing 3 of lateral arrangement bottom H profile steel column 4, H profile steel column 4 top is bolted reaction beam.
Described reaction beam by H profile steel beam 10 in length and breadth to being formed by stacking, the two ends of H profile steel crossbeam 10 are connected with steel column, be connected with longitudinal H profile steel coupling beam 9 bottom H profile steel crossbeam 10, arrange along crossbeam Central Symmetry, each several part connection all adopts easy-to-dismount bolt to connect.
Described hydraulic jack is positioned at below reaction beam, be bolted on the flange plate of H profile steel coupling beam 9 bottom oil cylinder, piston rod one end of oil cylinder is connected by the loading steel plate of flange with model tank body 1 top, to control the oil pressure of oil cylinder, telescopic piston rod realizes compression and decompression, all hydraulic jack unifications are controlled by the hydraulic power unit being located at pulpit, and operation control panel can complete single cylinder and multi-cylinder linkage loads.
Refrigeration system is the source of required cold energy in test, refrigeration system comprises refrigerating machine 17, brine tank 18, refrigerant circulation liquid, water circulating pump 19, series pipe 20 and freezing apparatus 21, described freezing apparatus 21 is arranged in the soil body of layer box body, be a kind of hydrostatic column of internal and external casing form, can refrigerant circulation be carried out in pipe; Freezing apparatus 21 is connected with brine tank 18 and refrigerating machine 17 by series pipe 20, and each several part interface all adopts screw thread screw thread to twist and connects, and each several part series pipe 20 is stainless steel corrugated flexible hose.Used for refrigerator in providing the cold needed for freezing soil, freezing apparatus is embedded in the soil body, and circulation low-temperature circulating liquid therein, constantly takes away the heat in the soil body.According to the position of the requirement flexible arrangement adjustment freezing apparatus of test in test, by the valve switch adjustment semen donors in series pipe.
Described frost heave triaxiality strain detection testing device comprises based on dodecahedral three-dimensional soil pressure cell and the three dimensional strain flower based on tetrahedral framework; Three-dimensional soil pressure cell is mounted on the cement block of granatohedron by miniature for the strain-type of routine soil pressure cell 24, three dimensional strain flower is that foil gauge 25 is pasted onto the upper three-dimensional strain rosette formed on tetrahedral framework six ribs by 502 glue, and smears fluid sealant at subsides foil gauge 25 place.
Described temperature field testing device comprises " ten " font plastic frame that is provided with thermocouple temperature sensor, and described frame center is the annulus of an adjustable size, and is fixed on the freezing apparatus 21 of refrigeration system.Described frozen swell and melt settlement observation device is the square wood strip with scale mark, and is embedded in the deformation observation position on interior layer box body 2 surface, and described square wood strip placed on top dial gauge, dial gauge is fixed on the loading steel plate at model tank body 1 top by holding power seat.
Described data acquisition system (DAS) includes by the interconnective temperature polling instrument of wire, ess-strain Acquisition Instrument, computing machine, and Acquisition Instrument has controlled the automatic collection of data by computing machine, generates graph image and regression function; Data acquisition system (DAS) is electrically connected with temperature field monitoring device, frost heave triaxiality strain detection testing device.Temperature field monitoring device, frost heave triaxiality strain detection testing device, frozen swell and melt settlement observation device realize Real-Time Monitoring by integrated data acquisition system (DAS) centralized control.Temperature measuring equipment can observe the temperature of the monitored area soil body and the development and change of frozen soil.Frost heave triaxiality strain detection testing device can monitor ess-strain during freezing soil, freeze because the soil body undergoes phase transition at subzero temperature Water Under, water freezing volumetric expansion about 9%, soil body generation frost heave produces frozen strss and then changes soil body initial stress state, can pass through at freezing soil region placement three dimensional strain flower with based on ess-strain during dodecahedral three-dimensional soil pressure cell monitoring body frost heaving, to calculate the frost heave stress of the soil body.The situation of change of each parameter when data acquisition system (DAS) is for monitoring freezing soil.The data acquisition of the sensor such as resistance-type, type vibration wire, voltage signal that this integrated data acquisition system (DAS) can complete temperature, stress, strain, displacement adopt.
Fig. 1 is model tank body horizontal sectional drawing of the present invention, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is facing and side view after model casing of the present invention has been assembled.
As shown in Figure 1, model casing global shape is rectangular parallelepiped, and the H profile steel bearing 3 of 7 150mm × 150mm is arranged at bottom, and every root H profile steel all has the pilot hole of channel-section steel 5 and the pilot hole of reaction frame steel column, and whole casing successively assembledly to complete based on this.Above H profile steel, there is the steel plate that six pieces of 10mm are thick model casing inside, and specification is 915mm × 990mm, composition model box plate 6, the load of steel plate and H profile steel bearing shared soil pressure and top hydraulic system transfers.The equidistant placement diameter of 100mm is pressed in the upper lower flange of channel-section steel 5
bolt hole, by the assembled ground floor casing of the pilot hole on bearing shaped steel.Channel-section steel 5 concave surface is outside, and ensure that casing contact soil body part is plane, the effect of ribbed stiffener can also be played in the edge of a wing of channel-section steel simultaneously, the distortion that opposing casing causes because of soil lateral pressure.Channel-section steel is arranged along box height, connects the equal angle of 75mm × 75mm inside junction, channel-section steel length limit, with fixed length minor face channel-section steel, reaches jointly stressed effect.Each several part all takes bolt to connect, and coupling bolt adopts M12 hex bolts.
Interior layer box body 2 as shown in Figure 2,3, is a cubic shaped, end face opening, all the other five casings be welded for corrosion resistant plate with holes.Material adopts 304 series stainless steel plates, avoids the corrosive attack of water and soil.The sidewall of casing and base plate are thick 304 corrosion resistant plates of 3mm, the circular hole 12 of the overall diameter 20mm that evenly equidistantly gathers of steel plate.Connected by 5# stainless steel angle steel 11 in casing 5 faces, type of attachment adopts bolt, and side-wall outer side equidistantly welds by 250mm the lateral rigidity that angle steel ensures sidewall along its length.
As shown in Figure 6, water charging system is positioned at inside and outside wall box center, its shape be plastic tube equidistantly along the cube frame that box height is formed by stacking, level is distributive pipe, is vertically feed pipe.Material adopts PVC plastic feed pipe 7, and horizontally disposed distributive pipe tube wall is thick with the circular hole that aperture is about 2mm.Vertical pvc pipe connects external fluid delivery conduit, and water flows to the soil body of model groove inside via the circular hole that water pump is forced through tube wall.Sandy soil or other seepy materials are filled in space between interior outer case, to ensure that water is uniformly distributed along box height, arrange that permeable geotextile flows to box house to prevent sandy soil with water at internal layer cabinet exterior and sandy soil contact site along box height.Internal layer box house requires to fill different rock-soil materials according to test simulation.If in test simulate piestic water, should ensure that inside and outside cell body forms an airtight system for the hydraulic pressure ensured needed for simulation, need, on model groove top, a gland bonnet is installed, as shown in Figure 8,9.Gland bonnet is that the steel plate splicing that 10mm is thick forms, and gland bonnet and cell body contact portion arrange one deck high density rubber gasket 23, and gland bonnet and model cell body are linked together by the bolt compresses of M12, reach the effect of waterproof sealing.
Loading system comprises reaction frame and hydraulic jack, a Pin gate reaction frame is all set being vertically positioned at above bearing, the Pin number of reaction frame can be set according to the flexible in size of added load in test, reaction frame is divided into the reaction beam two parts shown in column 4 and Fig. 6, is the H profile steel of 150 × 150.At the steel plate that the two ends repair welding 10mm of steel column is thick, to be connected with bearing and firm beam vertical, connected mode adopts M16 shearing resistance hex bolts to connect.Three elongated layouts of gooseneck 9, arrange 2 H profile steel beams 10 at three downward vertical, the reaction beam shown in the Fig. 6 formed three firm crossbeam series connection, the counter-force of shared hydraulic jack.The counter-force generation moment of flexure of hydraulic jack born by girder steel in length and breadth, and reaches steel column, and steel column reaches H profile steel bearing with the form of pulling force, and the soil pressure that end reaction is produced by the soil body in model groove balances.The self-reaction force system of the common composition model case of reaction beam, column and H profile steel bearing.
Hydraulic jack is controlled by a hydraulic power unit by conduit under fluid pressure and operation valve unification, can complete the interlock loading to load cylinder and single cylinder loading.Be connected with vertical coupling beam 10 with high-strength bolt bottom oil cylinder, be convenient to installation and the replacing of oil cylinder, oil cylinder one end piston rod is completed and the connection vertically loading steel plate by the circular flange carried.Hydraulic power unit regulates oil pressure, and flexible drive of piston rod loads steel plate, realizes soil body compression and decompression in model groove.Due to the particle of soil body material in model casing form, the difference of density, have different decrements, this just requires that hydraulic jack has certain stroke.Cylinder diameter and the bar footpath of the load cylinder can for selecting in test are respectively,
cylinder body is elongated is 350mm-700mm.
Be the schematic diagram of refrigeration system shown in Fig. 7, comprise refrigerating machine 17, brine tank 18, water circulating pump 19, series pipe 20 and freezing apparatus 21.Refrigerating machine 17, brine tank 18 and freezing apparatus 21 3 part 304 stainless steel corrugated flexible hoses are connected.Refrigerating machine 17 is by brine tank by refrigerant circulation liquid, and adopt calcium chloride water or glycol water to be down to subzero temperature, circulation fluid circulates and constantly cold passed to the soil body in freezing apparatus 21, reaches the effect freezing the soil body.Freezing apparatus number and arrangement form can be adjusted flexibly in test, simulate the freezing soil test under different operating mode.Refrigerating machine 18 is air-cooled, and array mode flexibly and conveniently moving, wherein compressor horsepower 7.5kW.The freezing copper tube coil that brine tank 19 inside arranges circulation freon is used as evaporator, and on copper tube coil, install the better and corrosion resistant stainless steel fin of thermal conductivity, improves heat exchange efficiency.Freezing apparatus 21 adopts barrel forms, and circulation fluid enters freezing apparatus 21 along interior pipe, flows out along inner and outer tubes space.Circulation fluid temperature produces heat interchange by outer tube wall and the soil body, being back to temperature rising in exit procedure bottom freezing apparatus, is cooled by the circulation fluid of initial temperature in interior pipe simultaneously., there is exchange heat, greatly improve the heat exchange efficiency of freezing apparatus in the salt solution that the hypothermic saline in interior pipe and reflux temperature rise.
Frost heave proving installation is as shown in Figure 10, Figure 11 divided into frozen soil triaxiality proving installation and three dimensional strain proving installation.Frost heave stress test device is based on dodecahedral three-dimensional soil pressure cell, is specially and pastes miniature soil pressure cell 24 on six faces that are not parallel to each other of granatohedron.Miniature soil pressure cell diameter 30mm, on granatohedron, rhombus length catercorner length is 10mm, 7mm.By the position of specifying in test, to bury underground between two freezing apparatuss, record the direction vector of each soil pressure cell, in test, six soil pressure cells record the stress value at known direction place, gone out normal stress and the shearing stress of this each of some place micro unit cube by formulae discovery, finally calculate the major principal stress on principal plane.
Concrete computation process is done and is illustrated as follows:
The soil pressure force value of soil pressure cell six direction is recorded for (σ in test
1, σ
2, σ
3, σ
4, σ
5, σ
6), the direction vector in direction, place, soil pressure cell six faces is (l
i, m
i, n
i), i=1,2,3,4,5,6.In rectangular coordinate system in space, known tangent stress is, σ
j={ σ
x, σ
y, σ
z, τ
xy, τ
yz, τ
zx, then the stress in this direction is:
{σ
j}＝T
-1{σ
i} (1)
Wherein
Thus, by measuring the stress value on six different directions, the cubical General Spatial stress state σ of this position micro unit can be obtained
j={ σ
x, σ
y, σ
z, τ
xy, τ
yz, τ
zx, and then calculate major principal stress, draw principal direction of stress.
Strain of frozen soil proving installation is a kind of three dimensional strain based on positive tetrahedron flower, and namely on positive tetrahedron framework six ribs, paste foil gauge 25, ultimate principle is equal to three-dimensional soil pressure cell method of testing.Some place's steric strain state is obtained by the strain value measured on positive tetrahedron six direction.That is:
{ξ
j}＝T
-1{ξ
i} (3)
Wherein:
In order to observe frozen swell and melt settlement cause earth's surface deflection, frozen swell and melt settlement observation device is set in interior layer box body soil body surface.Frozen swell and melt settlement observation device is a batten with the 10mm × 10mm of scale mark, minimum scale 0.1mm, the long 450mm of batten.The vertical loading steel plate at model groove top can according to testing requirements, and in frost heave observation station, place reserves circular hole.Before after the soil body fills, refrigerating machine start is freezed, batten is injected the soil body by the circular hole reserved through load steel plate.Be provided with dial gauge on batten top, dial gauge is fixed on loading steel plate by holding power seat, the reading reaction body frost heaving thaw collapse distortion of dial gauge.Observed once at interval of 12 hours by professional after freezing beginning, logging interval suitably can adjust according to freezing soil temperature changing trend, until the soil body has thawed, has simulated earth's surface and be out of shape curve over time between drafting freezing soil frost free period.
In data acquisition and monitoring system, temperature monitoring adopts thermocouple temperature sensor, and the radial arrangement thermocouple monitoring frozen soil along freezing apparatus in test develops radius along freezing apparatus.Vertically arrange thermopair at two freezing apparatus central vertical freezing apparatus axial planes, the friendship round state of monitoring frozen soil cylinder, and hand over the development thickness of the rear freezing wall of circle, the situation of change in temperature field in the timely reflection soil body.During freezing soil, water becomes ice, the source of ice is divided into two parts part to be water in the original position soil body, the water that a part is migration and comes, the water constantly reduced around the soil body along with soil temperature constantly moves to cataphalanx, cause this position soil body ice content to increase frost heaving amount to increase, along with the appearance of ice lens.By arranging soil humidity sensor on the path of soil body water translocation, the change of moisture content situation of soil body diverse location can be monitored, for observing the migration and variation of moisture.
Corresponding data acquisition instrument comprises the data collecting instrument of temperature, resistance-type, voltage signal and vibrating string type sensor, all can be stored by the automatic collection of computing machine control realization data, obtain real time data, figure and regression function.
Binding tests sketches the concrete operations flow process of this covering device:
The first step, the outer-layer box body 1 of assembled model tank body, and to mat formation warming plate along the surrounding sidewall of outer-layer box body 1 and bottom, for ensureing the airtight water conservation of whole casing, be close to warming plate at whole outer-layer box body 1 inwall and paste one deck Polypropylence Sheet, then infiltration water replanishing device is installed; Second step, assembled interior layer box body 2 is also lifted in outer-layer box body 1; 3rd step, arranges the position of freezing apparatus by testing requirements, preparation circulating refrigerant lime chloride aqueous fusion liquid, debugging refrigerating machine; 4th step, fills rock-soil material according to testing requirements in model groove, buries temperature sensor, soil pressure cell, frost heave stress strain detection testing device, soil humidity sensor etc. underground; 5th step, after having banketed, opens hydraulic system and applies pressure to the soil body; 6th step, connection data acquisition instrument, the initial value of monitoring test simulation; 7th step, is incubated medium circulation pipeline outside, opens refrigerating machine, setting instrument parameter, trial run refrigeration system.
The large-scale frozen soil model pilot system with water supplement function and frost heave test function of the present invention is applicable to the technical fields such as Geotechnical Engineering, underground works, traffic engineering, this pilot system is that one has water supplement function, can freezing process be controlled, can monitor temperature change, frost-heaving deformation and frost heave stress large-scale model groove.The maximum useful volume of this model groove is 7.2 cubic metres, comprises model test groove casing, loading system, refrigeration system, water charging system, temperature field testing device, frost heave stress and strain detection testing device, frozen swell and melt settlement observation device and data acquisition system (DAS).Model groove top is provided with vertical loading system, and all hydraulic jack are controlled by a Hydraulic Station, can complete single cylinder and multi-cylinder linkage loading, the vertical load needed in simulation test; Model groove is inside and outside bilayer, and internal layer places test simulation material, and the outer brace foundation as whole test, has larger rigidity, can bear the large load in test and be out of shape very little.Inside and outside two-layer between be provided with water replanishing device, according to the seepage flow situation of the underground water table under different working condition and hydraulic analogue underground water; Supporting refrigeration system can realize freezing of the soil body, is embedded in by freezing apparatus in the soil body, and low temperature refrigerant, at freezing apparatus Inner eycle, constantly takes away the heat of the soil body, to reach the object of freezing soil.In the soil body, burying homemade three dimensional strain flower test frost-heaving deformation underground, burying three-dimensional soil pressure cell underground for monitoring frost heave stress during freezing soil.Model test groove has concentrated charger, refrigerating plant and groundwater simulation device, can realize the moisture field of the soil body, temperature field and stress field THM coupling model test.Refrigeration system comprises refrigerating machine, brine tank, freezing apparatus and brine recycling pipeline.Refrigerating machine can set the temperature and time function of refrigerant according to test condition, to provide constant or the low-temperature receiver of change, water pump provides the power of refrigerant circulation, low temperature refrigerant flows in freezing apparatus through water pump, and the heat of the soil body is taken away at freezing apparatus Inner eycle, be back to brine tank by pipeline again cooled.Heat up-freezed by the refrigeration-heat absorption of refrigerant, reciprocation cycle finally reaches the freezing efficiency of the soil body again.This pilot system is research Artificial Frozen Soil physico mechanical characteristic, optimize the platform that manual pipe jacking engineering method provides scientific research, the construction freezing method model test in the fields such as Geotechnical Engineering, underground works, traffic engineering can be widely used in, such as: shield tunnel imports and exports the simulation test of the underground workss such as consolidation by freezing, service channel construction freezing method, Deep Foundation Pit Frozen supporting.Adjust Control of Chiller parameter in addition and can also simulate natural frozen soil, for studying frost zone and Permafrost Area frozen soil to the destruction of buildings and structures and impact.
Claims (11)
1. there is a large-scale frozen soil model pilot system for water supplement function and frost heave test function, it is characterized in that: this model assay systems comprises model tank body, loading system, refrigeration system, water charging system, temperature field testing device, frost heave triaxiality strain detection testing device, frozen swell and melt settlement observation device and data acquisition system (DAS); Water charging system and refrigeration system are arranged on model groove box house, model tank body top is provided with can the loading system of vertical movement, refrigeration system is arranged on the center of model tank body, level or vergence direction are placed, temperature field testing device is arranged on refrigeration system surrounding, frost heave triaxiality strain detection testing device is arranged on model tank body madial wall place, and frozen swell and melt settlement observation device is fixed on model tank body top.
2. the large-scale frozen soil model pilot system with water supplement function and frost heave test function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described model tank body is divided into inside and outside two-layer, interior layer box body (2) is a cubic container, be formed by connecting by angle steel skeleton and corrosion resistant plate with holes, for placing the soil body material of test simulation; Model tank body (1) surrounding in interior layer box body (2), highly be formed by stacking to outer internal layer casing (2) by channel-section steel (5) concave surface, the flange portions of channel-section steel (5) is bolted, and is convenient to the assembled of model tank body (1) and dismounting.
3. there is the large-scale frozen soil model pilot system of water supplement function and frost heave test function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described water charging system, between inside and outside two layer box bodies, comprises feed pipe (7), flowrate control valve (13), flowmeter (14), water leg (15) and high-pressure hydraulic pump (16); Feed pipe (7) is horizontally disposed along model tank body (1) Sidewall Height, feed pipe (7) and flowrate control valve (13), flowmeter (14), high-pressure hydraulic pump (16), water leg (15) mutually together with, flow rate of water flow and flow is controlled by adjustment flowrate control valve (13), the underground water table of simulation different depth soil layer and hydraulic pressure, carry out water and soil coupling test.
4. the large-scale frozen soil model pilot system with water supplement function and frost heave test function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described loading system comprises reaction frame and hydraulic jack, establish a Pin reaction frame above each bearing, a Pin reaction frame installs 2 hydraulic jacks; Reaction frame comprises H profile steel column (4) and reaction beam, H profile steel column (4) is vertically placed along outer-layer box body (1) side-wall outer side, H profile steel column (4) bottom is connected with the H profile steel bearing (3) of lateral arrangement, and H profile steel column (4) top is bolted reaction beam.
5. the large-scale frozen soil model pilot system with water supplement function and frost heave test function according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described reaction beam is by H profile steel beam (10) in length and breadth to being formed by stacking, and H profile steel crossbeam (10) two ends are connected with steel column; Bottom gooseneck, install longitudinal H profile steel coupling beam (9), arrange along crossbeam Central Symmetry, each several part connection all adopts easy-to-dismount bolt to connect.
6. the large-scale frozen soil model pilot system with water supplement function and frost heave test function according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that: described hydraulic jack is positioned at below reaction beam, be bolted on the flange plate of H profile steel coupling beam (9) bottom oil cylinder, piston rod one end of oil cylinder is connected with the vertical loading steel plate at model tank body (1) top through flange; Control the oil pressure of oil cylinder, piston rod completes the compression and decompression to the soil body, and all hydraulic jack unifications are controlled by the hydraulic power unit being located at pulpit, and operation control panel can complete single cylinder and multi-cylinder linkage loads.
7. the large-scale frozen soil model pilot system with water supplement function and frost heave test function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: refrigeration system comprises refrigerating machine (17), brine tank (18), refrigerant circulation liquid, water circulating pump (19), series pipe (20) and freezing apparatus (21), described freezing apparatus (21) is arranged in the soil body of layer box body, be a kind of hydrostatic column of internal and external casing form, can refrigerant circulation be carried out in pipe; Freezing apparatus (21) is connected with brine tank (18) and refrigerating machine (17) by series pipe (20), and each several part interface all adopts screw thread screw thread to twist and connects.
8. the large-scale frozen soil model pilot system with water supplement function and frost heave test function according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described frost heave triaxiality strain detection testing device comprises based on dodecahedral three-dimensional soil pressure cell and the three dimensional strain flower based on tetrahedral framework; Three-dimensional soil pressure cell is mounted on the cement block of granatohedron by miniature for the strain-type of routine soil pressure cell (24), three dimensional strain flower is pasted onto on tetrahedral framework by 502 glue by foil gauge (25), and smear fluid sealant at subsides foil gauge (25) place.
9. the large-scale frozen soil model pilot system with water supplement function and frost heave test function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described temperature field testing device comprises " ten " font plastic frame that is provided with thermocouple temperature sensor, described frame center is the annulus of an adjustable size, and is fixed on the freezing apparatus (21) of refrigeration system.
10. the large-scale frozen soil model pilot system with water supplement function and frost heave test function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described frozen swell and melt settlement observation device is the square wood strip with scale mark, and be embedded in the deformation observation position on interior layer box body (2) surface, described square wood strip placed on top dial gauge, dial gauge is fixed on the loading steel plate at model tank body (1) top by holding power seat.
The 11. large-scale frozen soil model pilot systems with water supplement function and frost heave test function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described data acquisition system (DAS) includes by the interconnective temperature polling instrument of wire, ess-strain Acquisition Instrument, computing machine, Acquisition Instrument has controlled the automatic collection of data by computing machine, generates graph image and regression function; Data acquisition system (DAS) is electrically connected with temperature field monitoring device, frost heave triaxiality strain detection testing device.
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