CN114184635A - Seasonal frozen soil area tunnel frozen-expansion force simulation test device and use method thereof - Google Patents
Seasonal frozen soil area tunnel frozen-expansion force simulation test device and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114184635A CN114184635A CN202111572405.9A CN202111572405A CN114184635A CN 114184635 A CN114184635 A CN 114184635A CN 202111572405 A CN202111572405 A CN 202111572405A CN 114184635 A CN114184635 A CN 114184635A
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- frost heaving
- glass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/14—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by using distillation, extraction, sublimation, condensation, freezing, or crystallisation
- G01N25/145—Accessories, e.g. cooling devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
Abstract
The invention provides a tunnel frost heaving force simulation test device for a seasonal frozen soil area and a use method thereof, and solves the problems of a cold area tunnel frost heaving force indoor test model in the prior art. The protective glass and the base columns are fixed on the periphery of the top surface of the base plate, an adjusting plate is mounted on the inner side surface of each base column, and telescopic plates are arranged on the left side surface and the right side surface of each adjusting plate in a sliding mode; the protective glass who is located the chassis front and back end opens at the middle part has the glass through-hole, the pillar middle part that is located the front and back end opens there is the pillar through-hole, the regulating plate middle part that is located the front and back end opens there is the tunnel through-hole, frozen swelling shell has been placed in two glass through-holes, pillar through-hole and the tunnel through-hole, the inside tunnel model of having placed of frozen swelling shell, be fixed with soil pressure cell on the tunnel model outer wall, be connected with the water pocket on the frozen swelling shell outer wall, four protective glass's top is connected with the glass apron. The test data obtained by the method can truly reflect the influence of water stored in all places of the frozen soil area on the tunnel frost heaving force, and the method has strong practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel frost heaving, in particular to a tunnel frost heaving force simulation test device in a seasonal frozen soil area and a use method thereof.
Background
The number of tunnels in the frozen soil area is more and more, the problem of the freezing injury of the tunnels in the operation period is more and more common, the freezing injury problem of the tunnels in the frozen soil area in the operation period is mainly represented by frost heaving cracking of tunnel linings, water seepage and ice hanging, freezing of ditches and the like, the durability and the safety of the tunnels are seriously reduced due to the frost heaving cracking of the linings, and the service time is sharply reduced; the problems of water seepage, ice hanging and ditch freezing cause serious ice accumulation in the tunnel, the clearance is reduced, and the vehicle cannot be driven, and at present, the research results at home and abroad consider that the repeated freezing and melting circulation process of local accumulated water at the back of the lining is one of the main factors causing the problem of the tunnel freezing injury in the operation period.
A plurality of scholars at home and abroad conduct field test and model test research on deformation of tunnels in frozen soil areas and frost heaving property of surrounding rocks, find that local water storage at defect positions inside tunnel frozen soil is a main cause of frozen soil frost heaving damage, in practical engineering, defects of the frozen soil areas mostly exist in modes of holes, cracks and the like, when underground water is filled inside the areas and is frozen to expand in volume, frost heaving action is often generated on linings and the surrounding rocks, and additional frost heaving force can be generated between the surrounding rocks and the linings.
The indoor test model for the tunnel frost heaving force of the frozen soil area in the prior art does not comprehensively consider the condition of water stored in each part of the frozen soil area, so that the obtained test data can not objectively and truly reflect the influence of the water stored in each part of the frozen soil area on the tunnel frost heaving force.
Therefore, the invention provides a tunnel frost heaving force simulation test device in a seasonal frozen soil area and a using method thereof to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation and overcoming the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a tunnel frost heaving force simulation test device for a seasonal frozen soil region and a use method thereof, which effectively solve the problem that the obtained test data can not objectively and truly reflect the influence of water stored at each part of the surrounding rock on the tunnel frost heaving force because the indoor test model for the tunnel frost heaving force of the cold region in the prior art does not comprehensively consider the condition of water stored at each part of the surrounding rock.
The tunnel frost heaving force simulation test device for the seasonal frozen soil area comprises a chassis and is characterized in that protective glass is fixedly mounted on the periphery of the top surface of the chassis, foundation columns located on the inner sides of the four protective glass are fixedly mounted on the periphery of the top surface of the chassis, a telescopic rod is fixedly mounted on the inner side surface of each foundation column, an adjusting plate is fixedly connected to the other end of each telescopic rod, telescopic grooves are formed in the left side surface and the right side surface of each adjusting plate, telescopic plates are slidably mounted in each telescopic groove, and triangular iron is fixedly connected between the two telescopic plates located on the adjacent sides of every two adjusting plates;
the middle parts of two protective glasses positioned at the front end and the rear end of the chassis are provided with glass through holes, the middle parts of two base columns positioned at the front end and the rear end of the chassis are provided with base column through holes coaxial with the glass through holes, the middle parts of two adjusting plates positioned at the front end and the rear end of the chassis are provided with tunnel through holes coaxial with the glass through holes, two hollow frost heaving shells are placed in the glass through holes, the base column through holes and the tunnel through holes, the outer side surfaces of the two protective glasses positioned at the front side and the rear side are respectively provided with a clamping device coaxially installed with the glass through holes, the outer side surfaces of the two adjusting plates positioned at the front side and the rear side are respectively provided with a sealing device coaxially installed with the tunnel through holes, a tunnel model is coaxially placed in the frost heaving shells, the outer wall of the tunnel model is fixed with a soil pressure box, and the outer wall of the frost heaving shells is connected with a plurality of water bags, the top of the four protective glasses is connected with a glass cover plate, and the top of the chassis is provided with a refrigerating and heating device positioned between the four protective glasses and the four adjusting plates.
Preferably, the outer side of the chassis is wrapped with a heat insulation layer, the heat insulation layer is made of polyurethane, the thickness of the heat insulation layer is larger than 3mm, and the four protective glass and the four glass cover plates are both double-layer heat insulation glass.
Preferably, a plurality of water bag base stations are fixedly installed on the outer side face of the frost heaving shell, and the water bags are connected with water bag nozzles connected with the water bag base stations.
Preferably, fixed mounting has the inlet tube on the inner wall of frost heaving shell, and is a plurality of the water pocket base station all with advance water piping connection, advance water piping connection has the intake pump.
Preferably, the top of the base is fixedly provided with vibrating rods positioned at the inner sides of the four adjusting plates.
Preferably, clamping device, including fixed mounting on being located two protection glass lateral surfaces of side around the chassis, and with the coaxial inside hollow grip ring of glass through-hole, it has a plurality of centre gripping spouts that are the circumference and distribute to open on the trailing flank of grip ring, it has a plurality of centre gripping holes that correspond with centre gripping spout position, every to open on the medial surface of grip ring equal slidable mounting has the centre gripping slider that is located the grip ring inside in the centre gripping spout, every the centre gripping slider all is connected with the rubber block towards the side in centre gripping ring axle center, the inside coaxial rotation of grip ring installs the grip disc that is located a plurality of centre gripping slider fronts, it has the helicla flute, every to open on the trailing flank of grip disc equal fixedly connected with is located the grip pin in the helicla flute on the leading flank of centre gripping slider.
Preferably, the outer side surface of the clamping disc is coaxially and fixedly provided with a clamping gear ring, the outer side surface of the clamping ring is fixedly provided with a clamping motor, the outer side surface of the clamping ring is provided with a through groove in a penetrating manner, and a clamping gear which is in the through groove and is meshed with the clamping gear ring is coaxially arranged on a rotating shaft of the clamping motor.
Preferably, sealing device, including fixed mounting on being located two regulating plate lateral surfaces of chassis front and back side, and with the coaxial sealing ring of tunnel through-hole, two all be connected with sealed gasbag on the medial surface of sealing ring.
Preferably, the glass cover plate is connected with the tops of the four base columns through bolts, a handle is fixedly mounted at the top of the glass cover plate, an inner threaded sleeve penetrates through the middle of the glass cover plate and is fixedly mounted in the middle of the glass cover plate, a pressing screw rod is connected in the inner threaded sleeve in a threaded mode, and the bottom end of the pressing screw rod is rotatably connected with a pressing plate located on the inner side of the four adjusting plates.
The use method of the tunnel frost heaving force simulation test device in the seasonal frozen soil area is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of: firstly, the space between four adjusting plates is adjusted through a telescopic rod, then a frost heaving shell and a tunnel model which are mutually sleeved are placed in a glass through hole, a foundation column through hole and a tunnel through hole, then the frost heaving shell is clamped and fixed through two clamping devices, the space inside the four adjusting plates is sealed and isolated from the space outside the four adjusting plates through a sealing air bag, then water is injected into a plurality of water bags to swell the water bags, then frozen soil samples are filled into the space inside the four adjusting plates, air inside the frozen soil is discharged through a vibrating rod, the frozen soil is filled more compactly, a glass cover plate can be installed and fixed after the frozen soil is filled, a pressing plate is used for downwards sliding to press the top of the frozen soil, the space inside the four adjusting plates is sealed, and the four adjusting plates and the pressing plate play a role of simulating surrounding rocks around the frozen soil, after the steps are completed, the refrigerating and heating device can be adjusted to a refrigerating mode, the volume of the water bag outside the frost heaving shell and inside the frost heaving shell is gradually increased along with the freezing of the water in the water bag inside the frost heaving shell, so that the frost heaving shell is squeezed, the frost heaving shell squeezes the soil pressure cells inwards, and simulation data of frost heaving force are obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the four adjusting plates and the pressing plate can simulate surrounding rocks around frozen soil, frozen soil with different volumes can be tested for frost heaving force by adjusting the distance between the four adjusting plates, extrusion force can be generated on a frost heaving shell in the frozen soil when the frozen soil is frozen, and the extrusion force applied to the frost heaving shell can be measured by the multiple soil pressure boxes;
2. the water sac outside the frost heaving shell can simulate the condition that a cavity in the frost soil is filled with underground water, and the volume of the water sac is increased when the water in the water sac is frozen, so that frost heaving force on the frost heaving shell is generated, and the problem that test data obtained by an existing frost heaving model cannot objectively and truly reflect the influence of water stored in each part of a frost region on the frost heaving force of a tunnel is solved;
3. the four pieces of protective glass and the glass cover plate form a closed space, and the temperature in the closed space is regulated by using a refrigerating and heating device, so that the environmental temperature of a frost heaving area is simulated;
the method has the advantages of clear design thought, simple structure and simple operation, and the obtained test data can truly reflect the influence of water stored in all places of the frozen soil area on the frost heaving force of the tunnel, so that the method has strong practicability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic front sectional view of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic top cross-sectional view of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the clamping device of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic sectional perspective view of the clamping device of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a frozen swelling shell and tunnel model according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic plan view of the sealing device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The foregoing and other aspects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which reference is made to figures 1 to 9. The structural contents mentioned in the following embodiments are all referred to the attached drawings of the specification.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment I of the invention relates to a tunnel frost heaving force simulation test device in a seasonal frozen soil area, which comprises a chassis 1, wherein the chassis 1 can be placed on the ground for use, protective glass 2 is fixedly arranged on the periphery of the top surface of the chassis 1, the bottoms of the four protective glass 2 are fixedly connected with the top surface of the chassis 1 through sealant, the side surfaces of the four protective glass 2 are also fixedly connected through sealant, base columns 3 positioned on the inner sides of the four protective glass 2 are fixedly arranged on the periphery of the top surface of the chassis 1, telescopic rods 4 are fixedly arranged on the inner side surfaces of the base columns 3, the telescopic rods 4 can adopt hydraulic cylinders or electric telescopic rods, the telescopic rods 4 are connected with a power supply and a controller, the other end of each telescopic rod 4 is fixedly connected with an adjusting plate 5, and when the four telescopic rods 4 are simultaneously extended or shortened, the four adjusting plates 5 can be driven to simultaneously move towards the middle or four sides of the chassis 1, the left side surface and the right side surface of each adjusting plate 5 are provided with telescopic grooves 6, the telescopic grooves 6 penetrate through the top surface and the bottom surface of each adjusting plate 5, each telescopic plate 7 is slidably mounted in each telescopic groove 6, two side surfaces of each telescopic plate 7 are attached to the inner wall of each telescopic groove 6, each telescopic plate 7 can extend out of the corresponding telescopic groove 6 towards the side edge of each adjusting plate 5 or slide into each telescopic groove 6, a triangular iron 8 is fixedly connected between two telescopic plates 7 positioned on one adjacent side of each two adjusting plates 5, when the four adjusting plates 5 move towards the middle part or four sides of the chassis 1, the distance between two sides of each two adjusting plates 5 is changed, at the moment, the plurality of telescopic plates 7 also extend out of or slide into the plurality of telescopic grooves 6, a square space is formed between the four adjusting plates 5 and the plurality of telescopic plates 7, and the distance between the four adjusting plates 5 is changed, so that the size of the inner space can be changed, when the testing device is used, frozen soil can be filled in the space for testing, rubber strips attached to the top surface of the chassis 1 are fixedly connected to the bottom surfaces of the four adjusting plates 5 and the plurality of telescopic plates 7, so that the bottom of the four adjusting plates 5 is sealed with the chassis 1, and the filled frozen soil cannot leak out of gaps between the four adjusting plates 5 and the top surface of the chassis 1;
the middle parts of the two protective glass 2 at the front end and the rear end of the chassis 1 are all provided with glass through holes 9, the middle parts of the two base columns 3 at the front end and the rear end of the chassis 1 are all provided with base column through holes 10 coaxial with the glass through holes 9, the middle parts of the two adjusting plates 5 at the front end and the rear end of the chassis 1 are all provided with tunnel through holes 11 coaxial with the glass through holes 9, so that a channel is formed from the protective glass 2 at the front side to the protective glass 2 at the rear side, hollow frost heaving shells 12 are placed in the two glass through holes 9, the two base column through holes 10 and the tunnel through holes 11 at the front side and the tunnel through holes 11 at the rear side, the frost heaving shells 12 can be inserted from the glass through holes 9 at the front side when being installed, sequentially pass through the base column through holes 10 at the front side, the tunnel through holes 11 at the rear side and the base column through holes 10 at the rear side, and finally stretch out of the glass through holes 9 at the rear side, and the placing of the frost heaving shells 12 can be completed, the outer side surfaces of the two pieces of protective glass 2 positioned at the front side and the rear side are respectively fixed with a clamping device 13 coaxially arranged with the glass through hole 9, the frost heaving outer shell 12 can also penetrate through the middle part of the clamping device 13 when being inserted into the glass through hole 9, after the frost heaving outer shell 12 is placed, the two ends of the frost heaving outer shell 12 can be fixed through the two clamping devices 13, so that the frost heaving outer shell 12 cannot rock in the two glass through holes 9, the foundation column through holes 10 and the tunnel through holes 11, the sealing devices 14 which are coaxially arranged with the tunnel through holes 11 are fixed on the outer side surfaces of the two adjusting plates 5 positioned on the front side and the rear side, after the frost heaving outer shell 12 is fixed, the two tunnel through holes 11 and the outer side surface of the frost heaving outer shell 12 can be sealed through the two sealing devices 14, after the frost heaving outer shell 12 is fixed, frozen soil can be filled in the space between the four adjusting plates 5, and the frost heaving shell 2 is buried in the frozen soil;
a tunnel model 15 is coaxially placed inside the frost heaving outer shell 12, the shape of the cross section of the tunnel model 15 is the same as that of the cross section of the frost heaving outer shell 12, and the cross section area of the tunnel model 15 is smaller than that of the frost heaving outer shell 12, so that the frost heaving outer shell 12 can be sleeved outside the tunnel model 15, and a gap exists between the inner side surface of the frost heaving outer shell 12 and the outer side surface of the tunnel model 15, as shown in fig. 8-9, the cross sections of the frost heaving outer shell 12 and the tunnel model 15 in the embodiment are horseshoe-shaped, in addition, the cross sections of the frost heaving outer shell 12 and the tunnel model 15 can also be determined according to the tunnel shape of a simulation test required, if the cross section of the tunnel in reality is semicircular, the cross sections of the frost heaving outer shell 12 and the tunnel model 15 are also semicircular, and so on, an earth pressure box 16 is fixed on the outer wall of the tunnel model 15, the soil pressure cell 16 is the prior art, the measuring method and the principle thereof are not repeated herein, the outer wall of the frost heaving outer shell 12 is connected with a plurality of water bags 17, the water bags 17 can be detached from the frost heaving outer shell 12, when the frost heaving outer shell 12 is placed at the beginning, the water is not contained in the water bags 17, after the frost heaving outer shell 12 is fixed, the water can be injected into the water bags 17, so that the water bags 17 swell, then after the frozen soil is filled in the space between the four adjusting plates 5, the water in the water bags 17 and the water in the water bags 17 buried by the frozen soil can simulate the cavity filled with underground water in the frozen soil layer, the top of the four protective glasses 2 is connected with a glass cover plate 18, after the space between the four adjusting plates 5 is filled with the frozen soil, the glass cover plates 18 can be installed on the top of the four protective glasses 2, the top of the four adjusting plates 5 is connected with protective rubber strips, the bottom surface of the glass cover plate 18 and the tops of the four protective glasses 2, the four adjusting plates 5 and the plurality of telescopic plates 7 are sealed, at the moment, a closed space is formed among the base plate 1, the four protective glasses 2 and the glass cover plate 18, the spaces among the four adjusting plates 5 and the plurality of telescopic plates 7 are also sealed, so that the frozen soil in the base plate cannot leak out, a refrigerating and heating device 19 which is arranged between the four protective glasses 2 and the four adjusting plates 5 is installed at the top of the base plate 1, the refrigerating and heating device 19 is connected with a power supply and a controller, a refrigerating machine can be adopted for refrigerating, heating wires can be adopted for heating, or other common technical means can be adopted, the details are omitted, the temperature in the sealed space formed by the four protective glasses 2 can be changed through the refrigerating and heating device 19, the frozen soil and the water in the water bag 17 can be frozen during refrigerating, and the frozen soil and the water in the water bag 17 can be thawed during heating, because the frozen soil has been full of the space between four regulating plates 5, volume increase when the water in a plurality of water sacs 17 freezes this moment, thereby can cause the extrusion force to frozen swelling shell 12, make frozen swelling shell 12 take place deformation, and frozen swelling shell 12 can cause the data that the extrusion and obtained the extrusion force to a plurality of soil pressure cell 16 when taking place deformation, thereby the frozen swelling power in tunnel when simulation frozen soil layer freezes, there is not the cavity in the frozen soil layer in the tunnel that needs the simulation, when also not having groundwater, can dismantle a plurality of water sacs 17, make frozen soil surround frozen swelling shell 12 and carry out the frozen swelling experiment.
In the second embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, the outer side of the chassis 1 is wrapped by the heat-insulating layer, the heat-insulating layer is made of polyurethane, the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is larger than 3mm, and the four protective glass 2 and the glass cover plate 18 are both double-layer heat-insulating glass, so that the temperature in the space formed by the chassis 1, the four protective glass 2 and the glass cover plate 18 cannot be influenced by the external temperature, and the internal temperature cannot leak.
In the third embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, a plurality of water bag bases 20 are fixedly installed on the outer side surface of the frost heaving outer shell 11, the water bag 17 is connected with a water bag nozzle 21 connected with the water bag base 20, a water plug is installed in the middle of the water bag base 20, and when the water bag 17 needs to be installed, the water plug can be taken down and connected with the water bag base 20 through the water bag nozzle 21.
Fourth embodiment, on the basis of third embodiment, fixed mounting has inlet tube 22, and is a plurality of on the inner wall of frost heaving shell 12 the water pocket base station 20 all is connected with inlet tube 22, inlet tube 22 is connected with the intake pump, and the intake pump is connected with water source, power and controller, and inlet tube 22 is in between the inner wall of frost heaving shell 12 and the outer wall of tunnel model 15, opens the intake pump and can pass through inlet tube 22 to water injection in the water pocket 17.
Fifth embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, the vibrating rods 23 located inside the four adjusting plates 5 are fixedly installed at the top of the base 1, and when frozen soil is filled into the space between the four adjusting plates 5, the vibrating rods 23 can be opened to vibrate the frozen soil, so that air inside the frozen soil is discharged, and the frozen soil is filled more densely.
Sixth embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, the clamping device 13 includes two clamping rings 24 which are fixedly installed on outer side surfaces of two protective glasses 2 located on front and rear sides of the chassis 1 and are coaxial with the glass through hole 9 and have a hollow interior, the frost heaving shell 12 is located on an inner side of the clamping ring 24, a plurality of clamping sliding grooves 25 which are circumferentially distributed are formed on a rear side surface of the clamping ring 24, in this embodiment, the number of the clamping sliding grooves 25 is four, a plurality of clamping holes 26 which correspond to positions of the clamping sliding grooves 25 are formed on an inner side surface of the clamping ring 24, a clamping slider 27 located inside the clamping ring 24 is slidably installed in each clamping sliding groove 25, the four clamping sliders 27 can simultaneously slide toward a middle portion of the clamping ring 24 in the four clamping sliding grooves 25, a rubber block 28 is connected to one side surface of each clamping slider 27 facing an axis of the clamping ring 24, and when the four clamping sliders 27 simultaneously slide toward the middle portion of the clamping ring 24, can drive four blocks of rubber 28 and slide to the middle part of grip ring 24 from four centre gripping holes 26 to tightly the centre gripping of frozen swollen shell 12 at the middle part of grip ring 24, the inside coaxial rotation of grip ring 24 installs the grip slipper 29 that is located a plurality of grip slipper 27 front sides, and grip slipper 29 can rotate at grip ring 24 is inside, it has helicla flute 30 to open on the trailing flank of grip slipper 29, every equal fixedly connected with is located the grip pin 31 of helicla flute 30 on the leading flank of grip slipper 27, can drive four grip slipper 27 synchronous sliding through the cooperation of helicla flute 30 with four grip pins 31 when grip slipper 29 rotates, thereby drive four blocks of rubber 28 and carry out the centre gripping to frozen swollen shell 12 fixedly.
Seventh embodiment, on the basis of sixth embodiment, the coaxial fixed mounting of lateral surface of grip block 29 has centre gripping ring gear 32, and centre gripping ring gear 32 can rotate with grip block 29 is synchronous, fixed mounting has centre gripping motor 33 on the lateral surface of grip ring 24, and centre gripping motor 33 is connected with power supply and controller, and centre gripping motor 33 is the motor that just reverses, it has logical groove to run through on the lateral surface of grip ring 24, coaxial arrangement has the centre gripping gear 34 that is in logical inslot and with centre gripping ring gear 32 meshing in the axis of rotation of centre gripping motor 33, and centre gripping motor 33 accessible centre gripping gear 34 drives centre gripping ring gear 32 and rotates to drive grip block 29 and rotate and adjust four centre gripping sliders 27.
Eight in the embodiment, on the basis of embodiment one, sealing device 14, including fixed mounting on being located two regulating plate 5 lateral surfaces of chassis 1 front and back side, and with the coaxial sealing ring 35 of tunnel through-hole 11, two all be connected with sealed gasbag 36 on the medial surface of sealing ring 35, frost heaving shell 12 is in the inboard of two sealing ring 35, and two sealed gasbags 17 are connected with trachea and air pump, can aerify in two sealed gasbags 17 through air pump and trachea for two sealed gasbags 17 are closely laminated with the outer wall of frost heaving shell 12, thereby can not make the frozen soil spill in two tunnel through-holes 11.
In the ninth embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, the glass cover plate 18 is connected with the tops of the four base posts 3 through bolts 37, so that the glass cover plate 18 is tightly connected with the tops of the four cover glasses 2, a handle 38 is fixedly mounted on the top of the glass cover plate 18, the glass cover plate 18 can be conveniently detached and mounted through the handle 38, an inner threaded sleeve 39 penetrates through and is fixedly mounted in the middle of the glass cover plate 18, a pressing screw rod 40 is connected with the inner threaded sleeve 39 through an internal thread, a pressing plate 41 positioned on the inner side of the four adjusting plates 5 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the pressing screw rod 40, the area of the pressing plate 41 is equal to the transverse area of the space between the four adjusting plates 5, so that four side surfaces of the pressing plate 41 can be attached to the inner side surfaces of the four adjusting plates 5, the pressing plate 41 can manufacture specifications with various sizes, and can be selected according to the size of the space between the four adjusting plates 5 when in use, when the space in four regulating plates 5 is filled with frozen soil, and the top of frozen soil is leveled with the top of four regulating plates 5, accessible bolt 37 fixes glass cover plate 18 at the top of four foundation columns 3, and press the top at the frozen soil just in time according to pressure board 41 this moment to the country rock at simulation frozen soil top can drive through pressing down the lead screw 40 and press the frozen soil downwards according to pressure board 41, thereby to the further compaction of frozen soil.
The use method of the tunnel frost heaving force simulation test device in the seasonal frozen soil area comprises the following specific steps: firstly, the space between four adjusting plates 5 is adjusted through a telescopic rod 4, then a frost heaving shell 12 and a tunnel model 15 which are mutually sleeved are placed in a glass through hole 9, a foundation column through hole 10 and a tunnel through hole 11, then the frost heaving shell 12 is clamped and fixed through two clamping devices 13, the space inside the four adjusting plates 5 is sealed and isolated from the space outside through a sealing air bag 36, then water is injected into a plurality of water bags 17 to swell the water bags 17, then frozen soil samples are filled into the space inside the four adjusting plates 5, air inside the frozen soil is discharged through a vibrating rod 23, the frozen soil is filled more compactly, a glass cover plate 18 can be installed and fixed after the frozen soil is filled, a pressing plate 41 is used for downwards sliding and pressing the top of the frozen soil, the space inside the four adjusting plates 5 is sealed, and the four adjusting plates 5 and the pressing plate 41 play a role of simulating surrounding rocks around the frozen soil, after the above steps are completed, the refrigerating and heating device 19 may be adjusted to the refrigerating mode, and as the volume of the water inside the water bag inside the frozen soil outside the frost heaving outer shell 12 is gradually increased when the water is frozen, the frost heaving outer shell 12 is squeezed, and the frost heaving outer shell 12 squeezes the plurality of soil pressure cells 16 inwards, so as to obtain simulation data of frost heaving force.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the four adjusting plates and the pressing plate can simulate surrounding rocks around frozen soil, frozen soil with different volumes can be tested for frost heaving force by adjusting the distance between the four adjusting plates, extrusion force can be generated on a frost heaving shell in the frozen soil when the frozen soil is frozen, and the extrusion force applied to the frost heaving shell can be measured by the multiple soil pressure boxes;
2. the water sac outside the frost heaving shell can simulate the condition that a cavity in the frost soil is filled with underground water, and the volume of the water sac is increased when the water in the water sac is frozen, so that frost heaving force on the frost heaving shell is generated, and the problem that test data obtained by an existing frost heaving model cannot objectively and truly reflect the influence of water stored in each part of a frost region on the frost heaving force of a tunnel is solved;
3. the four pieces of protective glass and the glass cover plate form a closed space, and the temperature in the closed space is regulated by using a refrigerating and heating device, so that the environmental temperature of a frost heaving area is simulated;
the method has the advantages of clear design thought, simple structure and simple operation, and the obtained test data can truly reflect the influence of water stored in all places of the frozen soil area on the frost heaving force of the tunnel, so that the method has strong practicability.
Claims (10)
1. Seasonal frozen soil area tunnel frost heaving force simulation test device, including chassis (1), its characterized in that, the top surface of chassis (1) is all fixed mounting all around has protective glass (2), the top surface of chassis (1) is all fixed mounting all around has base post (3) that are located four protective glass (2) inboards, all fixed mounting has telescopic link (4) on the medial surface of each base post (3), and the other end of each telescopic link (4) all fixedly connected with regulating plate (5), the left and right sides face of each regulating plate (5) all opens flexible groove (6), each equal slidable mounting has expansion plate (7) in flexible groove (6), be located every two fixedly connected with angle iron (8) between two expansion plates (7) of the adjacent one side of regulating plate (5);
the middle parts of the two protective glasses (2) positioned at the front end and the rear end of the chassis (1) are all provided with glass through holes (9), the middle parts of the two base columns (3) positioned at the front end and the rear end of the chassis (1) are all provided with base column through holes (10) coaxial with the glass through holes (9), the middle parts of the two adjusting plates (5) positioned at the front end and the rear end of the chassis (1) are all provided with tunnel through holes (11) coaxial with the glass through holes (9), two hollow frost heaving shells (12) are arranged in the glass through holes (9), the base column through holes (10) and the tunnel through holes (11), the outer side surfaces of the two protective glasses (2) positioned at the front side and the rear side are all fixed with clamping devices (13) coaxial with the glass through holes (9), and the outer side surfaces of the two adjusting plates (5) positioned at the front side and the rear side are all fixed with sealing devices (14) coaxial with the tunnel through holes (11), tunnel model (15) have coaxially been placed in the inside of frost heaving shell (12), be fixed with soil pressure cell (16) on the outer wall of tunnel model (15), be connected with a plurality of water sacs (17) on the outer wall of frost heaving shell (12), four the top of protective glass (2) is connected with glass apron (18), refrigeration and heating device (19) that are located between four protective glass (2) and four regulating plates (5) are installed to the top of chassis (1).
2. The experimental device for simulating the tunnel frost heaving force of the seasonal frozen soil region according to claim 1, wherein an insulating layer is wrapped on the outer side of the chassis (1), the insulating layer is made of polyurethane and is larger than 3mm in thickness, and the four pieces of protective glass (2) and the glass top plate (18) are both double-layer insulating glass.
3. The experimental device for simulating the tunnel frost heaving force in the seasonal frozen soil area according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of water bag bases (20) are fixedly installed on the outer side surface of the frost heaving outer shell (11), and the water bag (17) is connected with water bag nozzles (21) connected with the water bag bases (20).
4. The experimental device for simulating tunnel frost heaving force of seasonal frozen soil zone according to claim 3, wherein a water inlet pipe (22) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the frost heaving outer shell (12), the plurality of water sac bases (20) are connected with the water inlet pipe (22), and the water inlet pipe (22) is connected with a water inlet pump.
5. The experimental device for simulating tunnel frost heaving force of seasonal frozen soil zone according to claim 1, wherein vibrating rods (23) located at the inner sides of four adjusting plates (5) are fixedly installed at the top of the base (1).
6. The tunnel frost heaving force simulation test device for the seasonal frozen soil area according to claim 1, wherein the clamping device (13) comprises a clamping ring (24) which is fixedly installed on outer side surfaces of two protective glasses (2) positioned on front and rear sides of the chassis (1) and is coaxial with the glass through hole (9) and hollow inside, a plurality of clamping chutes (25) distributed circumferentially are formed on the rear side surface of the clamping ring (24), a plurality of clamping holes (26) corresponding to the positions of the clamping chutes (25) are formed on the inner side surface of the clamping ring (24), clamping sliders (27) positioned inside the clamping ring (24) are installed in each clamping chute (25) in a sliding manner, one side surface of each clamping slider (27) facing the axis of the clamping ring (24) is connected with a rubber block (28), and a clamping disk (29) positioned on the front side of the plurality of clamping sliders (27) is coaxially and rotatably installed inside the clamping ring (24), spiral grooves (30) are formed in the rear side face of the clamping disc (29), and clamping pins (31) located in the spiral grooves (30) are fixedly connected to the front side face of each clamping sliding block (27).
7. The experimental device for simulating tunnel frost heaving force in seasonal frozen soil zone according to claim 6, wherein a clamping gear ring (32) is coaxially and fixedly mounted on the outer side surface of the clamping disc (29), a clamping motor (33) is fixedly mounted on the outer side surface of the clamping ring (24), a through groove penetrates through the outer side surface of the clamping ring (24), and a clamping gear (34) which is positioned in the through groove and meshed with the clamping gear ring (32) is coaxially mounted on the rotating shaft of the clamping motor (33).
8. The experimental device for simulating tunnel frost heaving force of seasonal frozen soil zone according to claim 1, wherein the sealing device (14) comprises sealing rings (35) which are fixedly installed on the outer side surfaces of two adjusting plates (5) positioned on the front and rear sides of the chassis (1) and are coaxial with the tunnel through hole (11), and sealing air bags (36) are connected to the inner side surfaces of the two sealing rings (35).
9. The tunnel frost heaving force simulation test device for the seasonal frozen soil area according to claim 1, wherein the glass cover plate (18) is connected with the tops of the four foundation columns (3) through bolts (37), a handle (38) is fixedly mounted on the top of the glass cover plate (18), an inner threaded sleeve (39) penetrates through the middle of the glass cover plate (18) and is fixedly mounted on the middle of the glass cover plate, a pressing screw rod (40) is connected with the inner thread of the inner threaded sleeve (39), and a pressing plate (41) located on the inner side of the four adjusting plates (5) is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the pressing screw rod (40).
10. The use method of the tunnel frost heaving force simulation test device in the seasonal frozen soil area is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of: firstly, the space among four adjusting plates (5) is adjusted through a telescopic rod (4), then a frost heaving shell (12) and a tunnel model (15) which are mutually sleeved are placed in a glass through hole (9), a foundation column through hole (10) and a tunnel through hole (11), then the frost heaving shell (12) is clamped and fixed through two clamping devices (13), the space inside the four adjusting plates (5) is sealed and isolated from the space outside through a sealing air bag (36), then water is injected into a plurality of water bags (17) to swell the water bags (17), then frozen soil samples are filled into the space inside the four adjusting plates (5), air inside the frozen soil is discharged through a vibrating rod (23), the frozen soil is filled more compactly, a glass cover plate (18) can be installed and fixed after the frozen soil is filled, and a pressing plate (41) is used for downwards sliding to press the top of the frozen soil, the space inside the four adjusting plates (5) is sealed, the four adjusting plates (5) and the pressing plate (41) play a role in simulating surrounding rocks around frozen soil, after the steps are completed, the refrigerating and heating device (19) can be adjusted to a refrigerating mode, the volume of the frozen shell (12) outside water in a water bag inside the frozen soil is gradually increased along with the increase of the volume of the frozen shell when the water is frozen, the frozen shell (12) is extruded, and the frozen shell (12) extrudes the multiple soil pressure boxes (16) inwards, so that the simulation data of frozen force are obtained.
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