CN106442104A - Regular dodecahedron-based three-dimensional stress state testing device and operation method - Google Patents
Regular dodecahedron-based three-dimensional stress state testing device and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106442104A CN106442104A CN201610623264.1A CN201610623264A CN106442104A CN 106442104 A CN106442104 A CN 106442104A CN 201610623264 A CN201610623264 A CN 201610623264A CN 106442104 A CN106442104 A CN 106442104A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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Abstract
The invention provides a device based on a regular dodecahedron base and six common earth pressure cells. An earth pressure cell groove is formed in the six faces, non-parallel to each other, of the regular dodecahedron base respectively; the six common earth pressure cells are fixed on the six grooves respectively; the gap between each groove and each common earth pressure cell is filled with an expansion water stop ring; a wire hole for guiding a data wire of the common earth pressure cell to the center of the regular dodecahedron is formed in each groove; a wire gathering hole is formed in any face of the regular dodecahedron base without a groove; and the data wire is connected with an earth pressure cell testing and reading element. The invention also provides an operation method of the regular dodecahedron-based three-dimensional stress state testing device. The beneficial effects are as follows: the stress state of a point in an earth body is accurately and conveniently obtained, the error of the traditional way of pasting a strain rosette to reflect stress is improved, and the average test precision is 0.81rho. Through the precision improvement, the conventional stress state of the earth body can be reflected more accurately, and the safety stock of a project is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to resistance to shear of soil field tests, specially a kind of three-dimensional stress constraint based on regular dodecahedron are tested
Device and operational approach.
Background technology
Soil body thickness is different, distinct, so its stress test is a relatively difficult but basic job.Deep
Enter to study intensity and the problem on deformation of the soil body, it is necessary first to which the stress state of the soil body is fully understood by.In civil engineering, water conservancy
In the construction of the Practical Project such as engineering and environmental project, the stress state for accurately obtaining the soil body directly perceived is divided to the safety of the soil body
Analysis, structural shielding and scientific research have important value.
At present, the stress test of the soil body can be completed by soil pressure cell and stressometer.Can pass through to arrange in a direction
The method of soil pressure cell and stressometer is obtaining the stress state of a direction.To obtain the triaxiality of certain point in Rock And Soil
State, then can speculate its three-dimensional stress constraint according to strain regime by way of arranging three dimensional strain flower.But as the soil body exists
In the presence of complicated power, Poisson's ratio etc. is difficult to determine, and loose Rock And Soil is difficult to paste strain rosette, so this kind of method is deposited
In very big defect.In a lot of engineerings in practice, generally require the three-dimensional stress constraint of Rock And Soil is measured, and the stress of routine is surveyed
Examination element can only test the stress of single direction, and the principal direction of stress of the soil body is difficult to determine, typically can only be according to by soil pressure
Box is arranged on the direction parallel with principal direction of stress, and the result that this kind of method for arranging causes is exactly measured value and actual value phase
Difference is larger, and practicality is less.
Under normal circumstances, soil pressure cell is embedded on the biggest principal stress direction of artificial hypothesis, and the soil body has compression and becomes
The features such as shape, property are unstable, so the soil pressure force value for measuring does not have using value.For obtaining the triaxiality of any in the soil body
State, can pass through in the soil body embedding multiple directions independence soil pressure cell, but this kind of method have ignored each test data it
Between the impact that brings of reciprocal action, there is larger error.Furthermore existed is based on granatohedron skeleton and commonly native in the past
The triaxiality test device of pressure cell, and the triaxiality test device based on octahedra skeleton and common soil pressure cell,
Cause complex manufacturing process as granatohedron and octahedral geometry are asymmetric, and when being put in the soil body, centre bit
Bad determination is put, so need to improve further.For the defect that existing method of testing is present, therefore need a kind of practical and directly perceived
The device of inside soil body some three-dimensional stress constraint is easily tested.
Content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of three-dimensional stress constraint test device based on regular dodecahedron and operational approach, it is therefore an objective to
Intuitively tangent stress in the test soil body, is that interior some stress states of the test soil body provided solution in the past, can
Accurately easily to test tangent stress in the soil body.
For achieving the above object, the present invention uses one based on regular dodecahedron pedestal and six common soil pressure cells
Device, wherein：The device includes six common soil pressure cells, regular dodecahedron pedestal, expansion water-stop cushion rubber, a poly- ammonia
Ester foam filling agent, soil pressure cell data conductor；It is provided with six faces being not parallel to each other on the regular dodecahedron pedestal
Soil pressure cell groove, six common soil pressure cells are separately fixed on six grooves, between each groove and common soil pressure cell
Expansion water-stop circle is filled with gap；It is provided with above each groove and the data conductor of common soil pressure cell is led to regular dodecahedron
The wire guide of body-centered, is provided with wire on any one face for being not provided with groove and collects hole, by number on regular dodecahedron pedestal
Reading component is surveyed according to wire and soil pressure cell to be connected；Device that the present invention be used for test inside soil body some stress state is formed.
While providing a kind of operational approach of the three-dimensional stress constraint test device based on regular dodecahedron.
The effect of the present invention is to provide possibility, and the device for accurately convenient acquisition inside soil body tangent stress
Possess that Computing Principle is distinct, with low cost, simple operation the features such as, improve and reflected stress side by pasting strain rosette in the past
The error that method is brought.The precision of the conventional soil pressure cell of hypothesis is ρ, and the measuring accuracy for calculating three principal stresses is 1.0 ρ, three
The measuring accuracy of shear stress is 0.62 ρ, and average test precision is 0.81 ρ.The raising of precision can more accurately reflect the normal of the soil body
Rule stress state, improves the safety stock of engineering.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the computational methods of the direction vector of soil pressure cell measurement direction in device according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 be the present invention relates to regular dodecahedron shape；
Fig. 3 be the present invention relates to six soil pressure cells of placement regular dodecahedron skeleton；
Fig. 4 be the present invention relates to device general effect figure；
Fig. 5 be the present invention relates to regular dodecahedron skeleton cutting before design sketch；
Fig. 6 be the present invention relates to regular dodecahedron carcasing during O1Face and A1The profile in face, wherein O1Face
Refer to the plane that circle is located, A1The plane at pentagon place, and O are criticized in face1Face and A1Face is coplanar.
In figure：
1. 2. groove of data conductor hole, 3. soil pressure cell, 4. data conductor, 5. wire collects hole
6. 8. regular dodecahedron pedestal of expansion water-stop circle
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with accompanying drawing, the three-dimensional soil pressure testing device based on regular dodecahedron of the present invention and operational approach are said
Bright.
Design principle of the present invention：In the soil body, the three-dimensional stress constraint of any includes three direct stress and three shear stress, therefore
Need at least there is the solid in six faces arranging soil pressure cell.The three-dimensional soil pressure based on regular dodecahedron by the present invention
Test device is embedded in inside soil body, and soil pressure cell data conductor is connected with reading component is surveyed, and obtains six stress readings.According to
The angle of soil pressure cell measurement direction and x, y and z-axis obtains the direction cosines of soil pressure cell, and then obtains transition matrix and its inverse
Matrix.Finally by six stress readings, the three-dimensional stress constraint that inverse matrix obtains the point in the soil body is multiplied by.
The three-dimensional soil pressure testing device based on regular dodecahedron of the present invention as shown in Figure 2,3, 4, is specifically included：Six
Common soil pressure cell 3, regular dodecahedron pedestal 8, expansion water-stop cushion rubber 6, polyurethane foam filler, soil pressure cell data
Wire 4；Soil pressure cell groove 2 is provided with six faces being not parallel to each other on the regular dodecahedron pedestal, by described six
Common soil pressure cell 3 is fixed on six grooves, is filled with expansion water-stop circle in each groove 2 and 3 gap of common soil pressure cell
6；The wire guide 1 of the body-centered that the data conductor of common soil pressure cell 3 is led to regular dodecahedron 8 is provided with above each groove,
The arbitrary face of groove, such as A is not provided with regular dodecahedron pedestal 88Wire is provided with face and collects hole 5, by data conductor 4 and soil
Pressure cell is surveyed reading component and is connected；Device that the present invention be used for test inside soil body some stress state is formed.
The present invention is comprised the following steps based on the triaxiality test device operational approach of regular dodecahedron：
(1) by the above-mentioned three-dimensional stress constraint test device embedment soil body based on regular dodecahedron；
(2) according to measurement direction and the angle calcu-lation of built coordinate system x, y and z-axis of common soil pressure cell go out six different
The direction cosines of measurement direction, obtain transition matrix T and its inverse matrix T based on the direction cosines for obtaining-1；
(3) reading component is surveyed according to soil pressure cell and obtains six stress readings, i.e. σ1、σ2、σ3、σ4、σ5、σ6；
(4) inverse matrix T for being obtained according to step (2)-1And six stress readings that step (3) is obtained, calculate the soil body
In the three-dimensional stress constraint of a bit, concrete formula is：
{σj}=T-1{σK} (1)
σ in formula (1)jFor the three-dimensional stress constraint of institute's measuring point, i.e.,
σx、σy、σz、σxy、σyz、σzxRepresent three direct stress components of conventional stress state of test point respectively and three cut
The components of stress；
σkFor the measured value of common soil pressure cell 3, i.e.,
σ1、σ2、σ3、σ4、σ5、σ6Represent the measured value of (3) six different directions of common soil pressure cell respectively；
T in formula (1)-1For：
The present invention is implemented as follows based on the triaxiality test device operational approach of regular dodecahedron：
First, regular dodecahedron pedestal is made, the regular dodecahedron is cut by a spheroid, concrete cutting side
Method is as follows：
(1) spheroid of known radius for a is chosen, is chosen on spheroid any one diameter and AB is designated as, in straight line AB
On do plane O with straight line AB as normal at the position of A point μ cm1, whereinCross plane O1Spheroid is cut, and does the interior of facet and connect regular pentagon
Abcde, that is, form the A of regular dodecahedron skeleton1Face, as shown in Figure 6.
(2) same face being cut at the position of B point μ cm in spheroid another side accordingly, does the interior of facet and just connect
Pentagon kjlst, and pentagon kjlst and abcde figure direction becomes 180 °, that is, form A8Face, as shown in Figure 5.
(3) cross regular pentagon abcde side ab and with plane O1At an angle do plane O3And cross plane O3Spheroid is carried out
Cutting, does plane O3In meet regular pentagon bchgf, wherein α=116 ° 33 ' 54 ", that is, formed A2Face；In the same way successively
Make four additional face, the i.e. A of regular dodecahedron skeleton3、A4、A5With A6Face, as shown in Figure 5.
(4) cross regular pentagon bchgf side gh and with plane O3At an angle do plane O4And cross plane O4Spheroid is carried out
Cutting, does plane O4In meet regular pentagon ghijk, wherein α=116 ° 33 ' 54 ", that is, formed A7Face；In the same way, mistake
Line segment fg, gh, hi, im, mn, no, op, pq, qr do similar plane and regular pentagon with rf, you can obtain regular dodecahedron
Remaining 4 faces, as shown in Figure 5.
(5) nubbin outside the lap between face and face and regular dodecahedron profile is cut, that is, is formed
One regular dodecahedron model.
(6) last in regular dodecahedron A2The center in face arranges soil pressure cell groove 2, groove 2 and A2Face is parallel to each other
And groove bottom is smooth, 2 center of groove is provided with wire guide 1；Generally, a diameter of soil pressure cell diameter of groove 2 adds 1～2mm, and groove depth takes
2/3～1/3 soil pressure cell thickness；Remaining five soil pressure cells are according to said method positioned over corresponding regular dodecahedron skeleton A1、A3、A4、
A5With A6On face.Regular dodecahedron skeleton is formed, as shown in Figure 2.
Second, three-dimensional soil pressure cell is installed.The data conductor for connecting on conventional soil pressure cell is penetrated data conductor hole 1,
Finally collect hole 5 by wire to pass.Conventional soil pressure cell 3 is fixed on the groove 2 of regular dodecahedron pedestal, by expansion water-stop
Cushion rubber 6 is stuck in the space between soil pressure cell 3 and groove 2, is finally fully fixed three with waterproof colloid；According to said method according to
Secondary remaining five soil pressure cells are installed, after installing with polyurethane foam filler by soil pressure cell data conductor 4 with lead
Gap between the total hole 5 of the congruence carries out waterproof sealing, and data conductor 4 and soil pressure cell survey reading component are connected.Formed
Based on regular dodecahedron and the three-dimensional soil pressure testing device of common soil pressure cell.
3rd, the soil pressure testing device that above-mentioned steps (1), (2) are made is embedded in inside soil body.
4th, reading component is surveyed by soil pressure cell and obtains soil pressure force value, i.e. σ on six different directions1、σ2、σ3、σ4、σ5、
σ6, it is expressed as σk={ σ1, σ2, σ3, σ4, σ5, σ6}T.
5th, gone out according to six conventional measurement directions of soil pressure cell and the angle calcu-lation of built coordinate system x, y and z-axis every
The direction cosines of individual soil pressure cell.As in Fig. 1, OA is the measurement direction of conventional soil pressure cell, OA ' is throwing of the OA in xoy plane
Shadow, δ is the angle of soil pressure cell measurement direction and z-axis,Throwing of the straight line in xoy plane is represented for soil pressure cell measurement direction
The angle of shadow and x-axis.Then the expression of direction cosines is as follows：
N=cos δ (6)
6th, transition matrix T being obtained based on the direction cosines of soil pressure cell measurement direction, and then obtains the inverse of transition matrix
Matrix T‐1.
7th, according to formula { σj}=T-1{σkCalculate the conventional stress state of any in the soil body.In formula：σj={ σx, σy,
σz, σxy, σyz, σzx}T, σx、σy、σz、σxy、σyz、σzxRespectively represent measured point conventional stress state three direct stress components and
Three shear stress components.
In the soil body, the three-dimensional stress constraint of 1 point of O (x, y, z) can be expressed as
According to shearing stress inter-equal theorem, σ in formula (7)xy=σyx, σxz=σzx, σyz=σzy, i.e., three direct stress are cut with three
Stress amounts to 6 components of stress and can express tangent stress.Assume that in space, tangent stress is σij(formula
(7)), then the direct stress of the element place axis is
If the direct stress of known six different directions, can obtain tangent stress in medium.Then any direction
Direct stress can be obtained by formula (8), it is assumed that the direct stress on 6 different directions is, then σkIt is represented by：
Wherein, k=1,2,3,4,5,6.Then the algebraic relation formula between conventional soil pressure state and surveyed stress reading is such as
Under：
Or be abbreviated as
{σk}=T { σj} (11)
Wherein j=x, y, z, xy, yz, zx.Matrix T is
Then
{σj}=T-1{σk} (13)
The direction cosines of each soil pressure cell measurement direction in this device can be obtained by Fig. 2, be shown in Table 1：
The direction cosines of the three-dimensional soil pressure cell of table 1
Matrix T inverse matrix T can determine that by formula (12) and table 1-1, i.e.,
For above derivation, now lift a specific example come be expanded on further the three-dimensional soil pressure cell test device with
And the application of operational approach：The conventional stress state of soil during measurement earth-rock dam seepage.By mentioned above based on positive 12
The device of face susceptor body and six common soil pressure cells is imbedded in the soil body to be measured, and the device is surveyed reading component phase with soil pressure cell
Connection, observes the STRESS VARIATION of the earth and rockfill dam flow event soil body, and obtained experimental data is only referred to for correlation engineering construction party.
Take the soil pressure force value reading checking in a certain stage.Measured soil pressure force value reading on six faces being not parallel to each other
For：1.25th, 0.89,1.35,1.06,1.02,0.96, unit is (kpa).I.e.
σθ={ σ1, σ2, σ3, σ4, σ5, σ6}={ 1.25,0.89,1.35,1.06,1.02,0.96 }
Obtained by the three-dimensional numerical value that is surveyed and above-mentioned formula (1) (2) (3) (4)：
Wherein
I.e.
σx=0.2501 σ1+0.7514σ2-0.1546σ3+0.4047σ4+0.4047σ5-0.1546σ6
σy=-0.2495 σ1-0.2505σ2+0.6544σ3+0.0954σ4+0.0954σ5+0.6544σ6
σz=σ1
σxy=0.2938 σ3-0.4754σ4+0.4754σ5-0.2938σ6
σyz=0.4757σ3+0.2940σ4-0.2940σ5-0.4757σ6
σxz=-0.0003σ1+0.5012σ2+0.1545σ3-0.4045σ4-0.4045σ5+0.1545σ6
It is computed, the three-dimensional stress constraint in the soil body is：
The device of some three-dimensional stress constraint and computational methods in the test soil body provided by the present invention, with operation letter
The features such as single, principle is distinct and with low cost.Further improve and in the past reflection soil body triaxiality shape was spent by three dimensional strain
The method of state, is that the test of resistance to shear of soil in correlation engineering provides reference value.
The foregoing is only and illustrate with reference to this manufacturing process, this device is not restricted to, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can occur some variations, the such as change of the change of shape of regular dodecahedron pedestal, material therefor
Deng.All any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement that within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is made etc., should be included in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of three-dimensional stress constraint test device based on regular dodecahedron, is characterized in that：The device includes six commonly
Soil pressure cell (3), regular dodecahedron pedestal (8), expansion water-stop cushion rubber (6), polyurethane foam filler (7), a soil pressure
Box data conductor (4)；Soil pressure cell groove is provided with regular dodecahedron pedestal (8) upper six faces being not parallel to each other
(2), six common soil pressure cells (3) are separately fixed on six grooves, between each groove (2) and common soil pressure cell (3)
Expansion water-stop circle (7) is filled with gap；It is provided with above each groove and the data conductor of common soil pressure cell (3) is led to positive 12
The wire guide (1) of the body-centered of face body (8), is provided with wire on the arbitrary face for being not provided with groove on regular dodecahedron pedestal (8)
Collect hole (5), data conductor (4) and soil pressure cell are surveyed reading component and is connected；Form the present invention to be used for testing inside soil body one
The device of point stress state.
2. the operational approach of the three-dimensional stress constraint test device based on regular dodecahedron according to claim 1, the party
Method is comprised the following steps：
(1) by the above-mentioned three-dimensional stress constraint test device embedment soil body based on regular dodecahedron；
(2) six different tests are gone out according to the measurement direction of common soil pressure cell from the angle calcu-lation of built coordinate system x, y and z-axis
The direction cosines in direction, obtain transition matrix T and its inverse matrix T based on the direction cosines for obtaining-1；
(3) reading component is surveyed according to soil pressure cell and obtains six stress readings, i.e. σ1、σ2、σ3、σ4、σ5、σ6；
(4) inverse matrix T for being obtained according to step (2)-1And six stress readings that step (3) is obtained, calculate one in the soil body
The three-dimensional stress constraint of point, concrete formula is：
{σj}=T-1{σK} (1)
σ in formula (1)jFor the three-dimensional stress constraint of institute's measuring point, i.e.,
σx、σy、σz、σxy、σyz、σzxRepresent three direct stress components of conventional stress state of test point and three shear stress respectively
Component；
σkFor the measured value of common soil pressure cell (3), i.e.,
σ1、σ2、σ3、σ4、σ5、σ6Represent the measured value of (3) six different directions of common soil pressure cell respectively；
T in formula (1)-1For：
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| CN108169458A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-15 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of device and its measuring method of the three-dimensional stress constraint for measuring soil |
| CN108760484A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-11-06 | 天津城建大学 | Integrating device for measuring inside soil body stress and strain relationship and its test method |
| CN108801525A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-11-13 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Some stress state detectors of plane and detection method |
| CN109443604A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-08 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of three-dimensional soil pressure cell with incline measurement and accurate positioning function |
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| CN109443604A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-08 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of three-dimensional soil pressure cell with incline measurement and accurate positioning function |
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| CN112484894A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-03-12 | 天津城建大学 | Three-dimensional soil pressure testing device and method based on axial symmetry state |
| CN112484895A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-03-12 | 天津城建大学 | Three-dimensional stress testing device and method with hexahedral base as outline |
| CN112484895B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2023-03-07 | 天津城建大学 | Three-dimensional stress testing device and method with hexahedral base as outline |
| CN113029417A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 三峡大学 | Small three-dimensional soil pressure cell suitable for soil deformation field test and model test |
| CN113029417B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2023-07-11 | 三峡大学 | Small three-dimensional soil pressure box suitable for soil deformation field test and model test |
| CN117351091A (en) * | 2023-09-14 | 2024-01-05 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Camera array calibration device and use method thereof |
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