CN107101924A - Experimental rig and method that monitoring seepage flow influences on frozen temperature field - Google Patents

Experimental rig and method that monitoring seepage flow influences on frozen temperature field Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107101924A
CN107101924A CN201710135229.XA CN201710135229A CN107101924A CN 107101924 A CN107101924 A CN 107101924A CN 201710135229 A CN201710135229 A CN 201710135229A CN 107101924 A CN107101924 A CN 107101924A
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China
Prior art keywords
temperature
casing
freezing
water
sand
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CN201710135229.XA
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CN107101924B (en
Inventor
荣传新
王彬
程桦
姚直书
蔡海兵
黎明镜
张翔
段寅
王志
彭世龙
林键
甄田田
谢德柱
武汉
李新新
汪涛
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples

Abstract

The invention belongs to artificial stratum construction freezing method field experimental rig and the method that seepage flow influences on frozen temperature field are monitored there is provided a kind of.The experimental rig includes osmotic system, freezing system and temperature monitoring system；Osmotic system includes casing, variable frequency pump and constant temperature water tank；Freezing system includes refrigerator and freezing pipe；Temperature monitoring system includes temperature data acquisition instrument and thermocouple string.Test method monitors seepage flow including the use of above-mentioned osmotic system to be influenceed on frozen temperature field.The experimental rig and method that the monitoring seepage flow that the present invention is provided influences on frozen temperature field can reach that the influence by seepage flow to frozen temperature field carries out the research purpose of accurate quantification, reduce operation difficulty, the replacing construction and working strength of seepage direction and flow velocity are all greatly reduced, while having saved cost.

Description

Experimental rig and method that monitoring seepage flow influences on frozen temperature field
Technical field
The invention belongs to artificial stratum construction freezing method field, more particularly to a kind of monitoring seepage flow influences on frozen temperature field Experimental rig and method.
Background technology
During coal mine shaft lining construction freezing method, it is uneven that seepage field can cause frozen temperature field to develop in each orientation Weighing apparatus, the Frozen wall thickness resulted in has differences in all directions, and this causes traditional frost wall mean temperature, freezes wall thickness The computational methods such as degree, Care in method occur in that relatively large deviation, and the influence on seepage field to frozen temperature field at present is always to adopt Evaluated with traditional construction experience, this method has larger subjectivity, therefore by seepage flow to frozen temperature field The research that influence carries out accurate quantification is necessary.
The test method of the influence on seepage flow to frozen temperature field also lacks the theory of system at present, therefore probes into one kind It is significant on the method and device that frozen temperature field influences to monitor seepage flow.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the invention provides one kind monitoring seepage flow to frozen temperature field The experimental rig and method of influence, can reach that the influence by seepage flow to frozen temperature field carries out the mesh of the research of accurate quantification 's.
The experimental rig that seepage flow influences on frozen temperature field is monitored the invention provides a kind of, described device includes：
Osmotic system, the osmotic system includes casing, variable frequency pump and constant temperature water tank；The casing is used to provide seepage flow pair The test site of frozen temperature field influence, the variable frequency pump is used to the clear water in the constant temperature water tank being delivered to the casing；
Freezing system, the freezing system include refrigerator and freezing pipe, it is described it is used for refrigerator in produce refrigerant and will Refrigerant is located at the box house by pipeline to the freezing pipe, the freezing pipe；
Temperature monitoring system, including temperature data acquisition instrument and thermocouple string, the temperature data acquisition instrument and the heat Galvanic couple string is connected by survey line, and the thermocouple displacement is in the box house, the temperature for measuring the box house.
Preferably, the casing is divided into the part of left, center, right three, the shape phase of the left and right part at two ends by two filter screens Together, for accommodating stone, middle part is used to accommodate sand；
Preferably, the casing is rectangular shape, its open top；
Preferably, the volume of the part of the centre of the casing is any one 5-7 times in the part at two ends, preferably For 6 times.
Preferably, there is cover plate at the opening at the top of the casing, to by the box sealing；The cover plate is three It is individual, including first cover plate for being used to seal the casing interlude and two for the part that seals the tank ends Second cover plate；
Preferably, two rows totally three through hole of first cover plate provided with longitudinal arrangement, for drawing the freezing pipe, One fairlead, to draw survey line, and a pressure gauge connects hole, the tank pressure table external to draw；
It is further preferred that the line of through hole described in two of which is vertical direction.
Preferably, the filter screen includes a large-meshed net and a fine-structure mesh；The large-meshed net be used to bear from sand and The lateral pressure of stone, the fine-structure mesh is used for stopping the loss of sand；
The aperture of the large-meshed net is more than the particle diameter of stone, is 10-40mm, preferably 20mm；The aperture of the fine-structure mesh It is 100-400 mesh for the particle diameter more than sand, preferably 100 mesh；
Preferably, the large-meshed net and fine-structure mesh are steel wire；
Preferably, the large-meshed net and fine-structure mesh are clipped in the middle of angle steel frame, and by bolt by angle steel frame and macropore Net and fine-structure mesh are fixed, and the angle steel frame of two filter screens is welded on the bottom surface of the casing and side.
Preferably, the two ends of the casing are respectively provided with inlet/outlet pipe；
Preferably, the two ends of the casing are respectively provided with the specification identical inlet/outlet pipe for being uniformly distributed and being oppositely arranged, institute The inlet/outlet pipe for stating tank ends is oppositely arranged two-by-two.
It is further preferred that the two ends of the casing are respectively provided with two rows, often arrange four inlet/outlet pipes.
Preferably, the variable frequency pump includes the pump housing, frequency converter and pressure gauge；
One end of the pump housing is connected by pipeline with the constant temperature water tank；The other end passes through pipe after the pressure gauge Road is connected with clear water current divider, and water inlet control valve and flowmeter are additionally provided with the pipeline；
The clear water current divider is connected with the inlet/outlet pipe of described casing one end, and clear water is uniformly distributed to described Inlet/outlet pipe；
The inlet/outlet pipe of the casing other end is gathered on a pipeline by clear water current collector, in the pipeline Upper setting water flow meter and outlet water control valve；The end of the pipeline is provided with depotition cock；
The frequency converter is used to control the pump housing, to provide stable flow while monitoring pressure, and combine institute State the real-time display and control of flowmeter and water inlet control valve realization to clear water flow；
Preferably, the flowmeter and the water flow meter are electromagnetic flowmeter；
Preferably, the variable frequency pump also includes vacuum tank, and the vacuum tank is connected with the water side of the pump housing, plays balance The effect of water and pressure.
Preferably, the freezing system include refrigerator, feed liquor main, feed liquor current divider, freezing pipe, go out liquid current divider and Go out liquid main；
The freezing pipe is made up of inner tube and the outer tube being placed on outside said inner tube, and said inner tube and the outer tube are in institute State the bottom connection of freezing pipe；
The refrigerator is connected by the feed liquor main and the feed liquor current divider with said inner tube；The outer tube passes through It is described go out liquid current divider and it is described go out liquid main be connected again with refrigerator；So that refrigerant is out of described refrigerator, via The feed liquor main, the feed liquor current divider, the freezing pipe, it is described go out liquid current divider and it is described go out liquid main, then flow back into In the refrigerator, a circulation is formed；
It is described go out liquid current divider be used for connect the freezing pipe and it is described go out liquid main so that will be cold in the freezing pipe Jelly agent, which gathers together, sends the refrigerator back to；
Preferably, the freezing pipe sets three altogether, respectively the longitudinal arrangement by being set on first cover plate Two rows totally three through holes enter in the casing；The feed liquor current divider is used to connect the feed liquor main and described freezed Pipe, is equal with the refrigerant for ensureing to flow into the every freezing pipe；
Preferably, the part that three freezing pipes are located at outside the casing is provided with valve, to control the jelly The opening and closing of pipe are tied, so as to control the into and out freezing pipe of refrigerant；
Be preferably located at the casing exterior section the freezing pipe and the feed liquor main and it is described go out liquid main It is closely wound with insulation material；
Preferably, the refrigerant is CaCl2 solution and/or alcohol, preferably alcohol.
Preferably, the thermocouple string is constantan-copper thermocouple string；
Preferably, the thermocouple string is multiple, the inside of the casing is respectively positioned on, for measuring the box house The temperature of corresponding position, and be electric signal by temperature transition, the temperature data acquisition is then transferred to by the survey line Instrument；
Preferably, three temperature test faces of thermocouple string formation, an including main test surfaces and two subtests Face；Wherein, the main test surfaces are located at the center section for being filled with sand of the casing, and two subtest faces are located at respectively It is above main test surfaces and following and identical with the distance of main test surfaces；
It is further preferred that two subtest faces and the distance of the main test surfaces are 50mm；
It is further preferred that the main test surfaces include first to fourth totally four thermocouple strings；Wherein, it is distributed in front row First thermocouple string of single freezing pipe position has 4 measuring points, and the second thermocouple string has 9 measuring points；First thermocouple string and 13 measuring points altogether of two thermocouple strings surround inner ring, centre circle and outer ring three along the freezing pipe and enclose measuring point, and the inner ring is surveyed Point has 5, and the centre circle measuring point has 4, and the outer ring measuring point has 4；It is distributed in the 3rd heat of two freezing pipe positions of heel row Galvanic couple string has 8 measuring points, and the 4th thermocouple string has 21 measuring points；The one of the three thermocouple string and the 4th thermocouple string Totally 29 measuring points are respectively enclosed to inner ring, centre circle and the circle measuring point of outer ring three along two freezing pipes and 4 are located at two institutes Measuring point on the vertical line for the line for stating freezing pipe, the inner ring measuring point around the freezing pipe above has 5, the centre circle Measuring point has 4 measuring points, and the outer ring measuring point has 4, has 5 around the inner ring measuring point of the following freezing pipe, described Centre circle measuring point has 4, and the outer ring measuring point has 4；Thus, main test plane totally 42 measuring points；Preferably, it is each described Subtest plane has one article of the 5th thermocouple string, and every the 5th thermocouple string has 5 measuring points, 5 measuring points In 4 by the center of circle of the front-seat single freezing pipe into one circle arrangement, another measuring point be located at described two freezing pipes of heel row Line midpoint, thus two auxiliary planes totally 10 measuring points.
Monitor the test method that is influenceed on frozen temperature field of seepage flow present invention also offers a kind of, methods described including the use of The operation that above-mentioned any one of monitoring seepage flow is comprised the following steps on the experimental rig that frozen temperature field influences：
(1) seepage flow water speed in the sand in the casing is reached by the variable frequency pump and maintains the first design load, so Afterwards by the freezing system, the water in the sand in the casing is freezed using a freezing pipe in freezing system, formed Frost wall, the temperature data that the temperature point the time required to record freezes and in the system for detecting temperature is measured；
(2) frost wall formed in defrosting step (1), then by the variable frequency pump by the sand in the casing Seepage flow water speed reaches and maintains the second design load, then by the freezing system, is freezed using two in freezing system Pipe freezes the water in the sand in the casing, frost wall is formed, the time required to record freezes and in the system for detecting temperature The temperature data that measures of temperature point；
(3) frost wall formed in defrosting step (2), then by the variable frequency pump by the sand in the casing Seepage flow water speed reaches and maintains the 3rd design load, then by the freezing system, is freezed using three in freezing system Pipe freezes the water in the sand in the casing, frost wall is formed, the time required to record freezes and in the system for detecting temperature The temperature data that measures of temperature point；
(4) frost wall formed in defrosting step (3), then by the variable frequency pump by the sand in the casing Seepage flow water speed is adjusted to zero, then by the freezing system, according to mode of operation of the step (1) into step (3) successively The water in the sand in the casing is freezed using one in freezing system, two and three freezing pipes respectively, formation is freezed Wall, the temperature data that the temperature point the time required to record freezes respectively and in the system for detecting temperature is measured；
(5) frost wall formed in defrosting step (4), then changes the side of seepage water in the sand in the casing To seepage flow water speed in the sand in the casing is adjusted to respectively successively by the variable frequency pump according still further to aforesaid operations mode First design load, the second design load and the 3rd design load, then by the freezing system, according to the operation side in step (3) Formula is freezed the water in the sand in the casing using three freezing pipes in freezing system, forms frost wall, and record freezes respectively The temperature data that temperature point the time required to knot and in the system for detecting temperature is measured；
According to the temperature number that the temperature point in required time and the system for detecting temperature is measured that freezes of above-mentioned record According to monitoring seepage flow is influenceed on frozen temperature field, and important reference data is provided for construction freezing method.
Preferably, first design load is 25m/d, and second design load is 50m/d, and the 3rd design load is 100m/ d；
Preferably, freezing pipe is made according to geometric similarity criterion formulas, and determines the spacing of freezing pipe, it is considered to boundary condition And geometric similarity criterion makes casing, and make and the supporting filter screen of casing and feed liquor current divider and go out liquid current divider；It is described several How similarity criterion formula is, wherein, lm is the corresponding size of model, and lp is corresponding size in actual design and construction, and Cl is Geometric similarity criterion；It is further preferred that the geometric similarity criterion is Cl=1-22, preferably 5；
Preferably, the water in the sand in the casing is freezed, forming the mode of operation of frost wall includes：Open freezing Machine, design temperature is cooled to by the refrigerant in refrigerator；Then make the alcohol for reaching design temperature by feed liquor main and enter Liquid current divider enters the freezing pipe being located in the casing, then flows back to refrigerator by going out liquid current divider and going out liquid main, is formed Freeze cycle, up to the water in the sand in the casing freezes, forms frost wall；Preferably, the design temperature of the alcohol for- 20~-35 DEG C, be preferably -30 DEG C；
Preferably, the mode of operation of the defrosting frost wall includes：The temperature of alcohol is improved to -20~-30 DEG C, it is excellent - 25 DEG C of choosing, then inputs alcohol in the freezing pipe, alcohol circulation is quickly solved the ice in the casing Freeze, while judging thawing condition by temperature monitoring system, after the completion of defrosting, stop alcohol circulation；When all temperature measured When the temperature of degree measuring point is above room temperature, alcohol circulation is closed, by the temperature setting of water in constant temperature water tank into 7 DEG C, clear water is opened Circulation, by the flowing of water, the temperature of the sand of diverse location gradually tends to be equal in casing, until the temperature of all temperature points When all close to room temperature, thaw and complete；
Preferably, changing the mode of operation in the direction of seepage water in the sand in the casing includes：Unload depotition cock with Variable frequency pump, the delivery port of the pump housing of variable frequency pump is connected with the clear water current collector of the other end of casing, clear water is changed with this Seepage direction.
The experimental rig and method that the monitoring seepage flow that the present invention is provided influences on frozen temperature field can be reached seepage flow pair The influence of frozen temperature field carries out the research purpose of accurate quantification, reduces operation difficulty, the replacing to seepage direction and flow velocity Time and working strength are all greatly reduced, while having saved cost.
Other features and advantages of the present invention are by following embodiment part detailed description.
Brief description of the drawings
The Figure of description for constituting the part of the application is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, and of the invention shows Meaning property embodiment and its illustrate be used for explain the present invention, do not constitute inappropriate limitation of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the knot for the experimental rig that the monitoring seepage flow of the preferred embodiments of the present invention influences on frozen temperature field Structure.
Fig. 2 shows that the birds-eye perspective of the casing of the preferred embodiment of the present invention (shows the first cover plate and the second cover plate And structure and the position of inlet/outlet pipe).
Fig. 3 shows the structure of the filter screen of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows that the side perspective of the casing of the preferred embodiment of the present invention (shows the knot of inlet/outlet pipe and freezing pipe Structure and position).
Fig. 5 shows the position of the temperature point of the main test surfaces of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows the position of the temperature point in the subtest face of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shown in the test method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the survey on inner ring around front-seat single freezing pipe The curve map that the temperature of point (the 6th measuring point) and the measuring point (the 1st measuring point) on outer ring changes with time.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 shown in the test method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the situation that the percolation flow velocity of water is not zero Under, measuring point (the 6th, 8 and 12 on measuring point (the 7th and the 11st measuring point) and outer ring on the centre circle around front-seat single freezing pipe Measuring point) temperature time history plot.
Figure 10 shows in the test method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention that interface point position is (i.e.：Along the position of water (flow) direction Put) relation curve between temperature.
Figure 11 shows in the test method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention that axial plane point position is (i.e.：Along perpendicular to current The position in direction) relation curve between temperature.
Figure 12 is shown in the test method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, under three kinds of percolation flow velocity states, positioned at heel row The temperature of two tube hub measuring points changes with time situation.
Figure 13 is shown in the test method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, under three kinds of percolation flow velocity states, uses three jellies When tying pipe and carrying out freezing test, changed with time situation positioned at two temperature for freezing tube hub measuring point of heel row.
Wherein, the description of reference numerals in figure is as follows：
The cover plate of 11 casing, 12 filter screen, 13 first cover plate 14 second
The tank pressure table of 15 inlet/outlet pipe, 16 sand, 17 stone 18
The freezing pipe of 20 refrigerator, 21 feed liquor main, 22 feed liquor current divider 23
24, which go out liquid current divider 25, goes out the temperature data acquisition instrument of liquid main 30
The pump housing of 31 survey line, 32 thermocouple string, 40 constant temperature water tank 41
The water inlet control valve of 42 frequency converter, 43 pressure gauge, 44 vacuum tank 45
The clear water current collector of 46 flowmeter, 47 clear water current divider 48
The depotition cock of 49 water flow meter, 50 outlet water control valve 51
The bolt of 121 large-meshed net, 122 fine-structure mesh, 123 angle steel frame 124
The pressure gauge of 131 through hole, 132 fairlead 133 connects hole
The three thermocouple string of 321 first 322 second thermocouple string of thermocouple string 323
The thermocouple string of 324 the 4th thermocouple string 325 the 5th
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the implementation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to the present invention Mode is described in further detail.It should be appreciated that embodiment described herein is merely to illustrate and explained The present invention, is not intended to limit the invention.
In the description of the invention, term " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " on ", " under ", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " perpendicular Directly ", the orientation or position relationship of the instruction such as " level ", " top ", " bottom " are, based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, to be only For the ease of the description present invention rather than require that the present invention must be therefore it is not intended that right with specific azimuth configuration and operation The limitation of the present invention.The term " connected " that is used in the present invention, " connection " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be fixedly connected, Can also be detachably connected；Can be joined directly together, can also be indirectly connected to by intermediate member, for the common of this area For technical staff, the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term can be understood as the case may be.
According to the first aspect of the invention, as shown in figure 1, the invention provides one kind monitoring seepage flow to frozen temperature field The experimental rig of influence, the device includes osmotic system, freezing system and temperature monitoring system.
Osmotic system includes casing 11 (experiment casing), variable frequency pump and constant temperature water tank 40.
Casing 11 can be rectangular shape, its open top, and be divided into the part of left, center, right three by two filter screens 12. Preferably, by the part in the separated left side of the filter screen 12 in left side and by the one of the separated right side of the filter screen 12 on right side Partial shape is identical；It is highly preferred that the length (or volume) of the cross section of a part for the centre of casing 11 is left and right two parts Any one 5-7 times among (parts at two ends), preferably 6 times.Such space distribution can ensure the pars intermedia of casing 11 Partial volume receives enough sand, and water can form more uniform laminar flow after flowing into, so as to reach more preferable test effect.In the middle of casing 11 A part be used for accommodating sand 16, left and right two parts (parts at two ends) are used for accommodating stone 17, to form surge chamber, from And row buffering is flowed into entering the water in casing 11, stable seepage flow is formed in the center section of casing 11.Wherein, sand 16 is selected Medium coarse sand, average grain diameter can be 0.40-0.60mm, such as in 0.40mm, 0.45mm, 0.50mm, 0.55mm and 0.60mm Scope between any one numerical value or any two numerical value.The average grain diameter of stone 17 can be 40-60mm, for example The scope between any one numerical value or any two numerical value in 40mm, 45mm, 50mm, 55mm and 60mm.
The top open part of casing 11 can have cover plate, casing 11 to be sealed.Because casing 11 is by two filter screens 12 are divided into three sections, and the cover plate can be three, including one be used for the interlude of seal case 11 the first cover plate 13 (or For large cover) and for two second cover plates 14 of left and right two parts of seal case 11 (parts at two ends) (or be tegillum Plate).
As shown in Fig. 2 two rows totally three through hole 131, fairlead 132 and of first cover plate 13 provided with longitudinal arrangement One pressure gauge connects hole 133.Three through holes 131 are used to draw freezing pipe 23.Three through holes 131 preferably in it is quincunx (i.e.：Isosceles Triangle or equilateral triangle) arrangement.Preferably, the line of two of which through hole 131 is vertical direction.One fairlead 132 To draw survey line 31.One pressure gauge connects the tank pressure table 18 external to draw of hole 133.Tank pressure table 18 is to supervise The pressure changing of the internal liquid of measuring tank body 11.
The two ends of casing 11 are respectively provided with inlet/outlet pipe 15.Preferably, as shown in Fig. 2 the two ends of casing 11 are respectively provided with uniformly The inlet/outlet pipe 15 for being distributed and being oppositely arranged.Preferably, specification identical inlet/outlet pipe 15 be set in each end two rows, Often arranging four, (end sets eight altogether.Due to visual angle relation, two ends merely illustrate a row four).As shown in figure 4, i.e. Inlet/outlet pipe 15 is provided with ten six roots of sensation altogether at the two ends of casing 11.The inlet/outlet pipe 15 at the two ends of casing 11 is oppositely arranged two-by-two (that is, on a horizontal line, the left end of casing 11 and right-hand member are respectively provided with an inlet/outlet pipe 15).Distinguish at the two ends of casing 11 Equally distributed eight inlet/outlet pipes 15 can make current relatively uniformly enter casing 11, sand 16 and stone by filling Can ensure that current form uniform laminar condition after 17, so ensure to flow into the liquid that the part of sand 16 is filled with the middle of casing 11 compared with The seepage state of good simulation nature；And the two ends identical setting of casing 11 can realize the flow direction for changing seepage flow, carry out double To the contrast test of influence of the seepage flow to frozen temperature field.The quantity of the inlet/outlet pipe 15 at the two ends of the invention to casing 11 is not It is specifically limited, can selects according to actual needs.For example, in other embodiments, according to the size of casing 11, Inlet/outlet pipe 15 is uniformly arranged in each end of casing 11 as two rows, often row's three (end sets the six roots of sensation altogether) or Two rows, often row five (end sets ten altogether) etc..
As shown in figure 3, filter screen 12 can include a large-meshed net 121 and a fine-structure mesh 122.The aperture of large-meshed net 121 Can be times in 10-40mm, such as 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 35mm and 40mm more than the particle diameter of stone 17 The scope anticipated between a numerical value or any two numerical value, preferably 20mm.The aperture of fine-structure mesh 122 is more than the grain of sand 16 Footpath, can be 100-400 mesh, for example, any one in 100 mesh, 150 mesh, 200 mesh, 250 mesh, 300 mesh, 350 mesh and 400 mesh Scope between individual numerical value or any two numerical value, preferably 100 mesh.Large-meshed net 121 and fine-structure mesh 122 can be steel wire Net.Large-meshed net 121 is used to bear the lateral pressure from sand 16 and stone 17, and fine-structure mesh 122 is used for stopping the loss of sand 16.Macropore Net 121 and fine-structure mesh 122 are clipped in the middle of angle steel frame 123, and by bolt 124 by angle steel frame 123 and large-meshed net 121 and small Hole pattern 122 is fixed.The angle steel frame 123 of two filter screens 12 is closely welded on the bottom surface of casing 11 and side.
As shown in figure 1, variable frequency pump includes the pump housing 41, frequency converter 42, pressure gauge 43 and vacuum tank 44.One end of the pump housing 41 leads to Piping is connected with constant temperature water tank 40；The other end is connected after pressure gauge 43 by pipeline with clear water current divider 47, in the pipe Water inlet control valve 45 and flowmeter 46 (being preferably electromagnetic flowmeter) are additionally provided with road.The water side of vacuum tank 44 and the pump housing 41 It is connected, plays equilibrium water amount and pressure.Flowing of the water inlet control valve 45 to control clear water.Flowmeter 46 is used to statistic fluid The amount for the clear water crossed.Clear water current divider 47 is connected with the inlet/outlet pipe 15 of the one end of casing 11, and clear water is uniformly distributed into eight Root inlet/outlet pipe 15.Eight inlet/outlet pipes of the other end of casing 11 can gather a pipeline by clear water current collector 48 On, water flow meter 49 (being preferably electromagnetic flowmeter, i.e. water outlet electromagnetic flowmeter) can be set on the pipeline and go out water control Valve 50 processed；In the end of the pipeline, depotition cock 51 can be set.Frequency converter 42 is used to control the pump housing 41, to provide stable stream Amount, and combination flowmeter 46 and water inlet control valve 45 realize the real-time display and control to clear water flow.Pressure gauge 43 is to supervise The pressure change surveyed in vacuum tank 44.
Freezing system includes refrigerator 20, feed liquor main 21, feed liquor current divider 22, freezing pipe 23, goes out the and of liquid current divider 24 Go out liquid main 25, to produce and input refrigerant into casing 11.
Freezing pipe 23 is made up of inner tube and the outer tube being placed on outside said inner tube, and inner and outer tubes are at the bottom of freezing pipe 23 Portion is connected.As shown in figure 1, refrigerator 20 is connected (i.e. with freezing by feed liquor main 21 and feed liquor current divider 22 with freezing pipe 23 The inner tube connection of pipe 23)；Freezing pipe 23 (i.e. with the outer tube of freezing pipe 23) by go out liquid current divider 24 and go out liquid main 25 again with Refrigerator 20 is connected；So that refrigerant is out of refrigerator 20, via feed liquor main 21, feed liquor current divider 22, freezing pipe 23, Go out liquid current divider 24 and go out liquid main 25, then flow back into refrigerator 20, form a circulation.
As shown in Figures 2 and 4, freezing pipe 23 sets three altogether, is arranged respectively by the longitudinal direction set on the first cover plate 13 Totally three through holes 131 enter in casing 11 two rows of row.Feed liquor current divider 22 is used to connect feed liquor main 21 and freezing pipe 23, with The refrigerant for ensureing to flow into every freezing pipe 23 is equal, so as to ensure freezing efficiency.Go out liquid current divider 24 be used for connect jelly Tie pipe 23 and go out liquid main 25, so that the refrigerant in freezing pipe 23, which is gathered together, sends refrigerator 20 back to.The three of freezing pipe 23 The part that root pipe is located at outside casing 11 can set valve, with the opening and closing of control freezing pipe 23, so as to control freezing The into and out freezing pipe 23 of agent.Positioned at the exterior section of casing 11 freezing pipe 23 and feed liquor main 21 and to go out liquid main 25 equal It is closely wound with insulation material.
Temperature monitoring system, including temperature data acquisition instrument 30, survey line 31 and thermocouple string 32, to detect in casing 11 Temperature.
As shown in figure 1, temperature data acquisition instrument 30 is connected by survey line 31 with thermocouple string 32.Wherein, temperature data is adopted It can be TDS temperature data acquisition instrument to integrate instrument 30, for example, can be quiet purchased from the TDS-602 of Tokyo Ce Qi research institutes production State data collecting instrument.Thermocouple string 32 can be constantan-copper thermocouple string.Thermocouple string 32 can be multiple, be respectively positioned on casing 11 inside, the temperature for measuring the corresponding position inside casing 11, and be electric signal by temperature transition, then by surveying Line 31 is transferred to temperature data acquisition instrument 30.
With reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, it is preferable that three temperature test faces of the formation of thermocouple string 32, including a main test surfaces and two Individual subtest face (main test surfaces are as shown in figure 5, subtest face is as shown in Figure 6).It is preferred that by three temperature test face levels Set, be conducive to the embedded of measuring point.Wherein, main test surfaces are located at the center section for being filled with sand 16 of casing 11, and two auxiliary are surveyed Examination face is respectively above main test surfaces and following, and two subtest faces be arranged in parallel with main test surfaces, and is surveyed with main The distance in examination face is identical, for example, being 50mm with the distances of main test surfaces.Preferably, as shown in figure 5, main test surfaces include the One to the 4th totally four articles of thermocouple strings 321,322,323 and 324.Wherein, it is distributed in the first heat of front-seat single freezing pipe position Galvanic couple string 321 has 4 measuring points, and the second thermocouple string 322 has 9 measuring points；First thermocouple string 321 and the second thermocouple string 322 13 measuring points altogether surround inner ring, centre circle and outer ring three along freezing pipe and enclose measuring point, as shown in figure 5, inner ring measuring point has 5 (measuring point of the 6th, 8,9,10 and 12 in such as Fig. 5), centre circle measuring point has 4 (measuring points of the 5th, 7,11 and 13 in such as Fig. 5), and outer ring is surveyed Point has 4 (measuring points of the 1st, 2,3 and 4 in such as Fig. 5).Being distributed in the three thermocouple string 323 of two freezing pipe positions of heel row has 8 Individual measuring point, the 4th thermocouple string 324 has 21 measuring points；29 surveys altogether of the thermocouple string 324 of three thermocouple string 323 and the 4th O'clock being respectively enclosed to inner ring, centre circle and outer ring three along two freezing pipes encloses the line that measuring point and 4 are located at two freezing pipes On vertical line measuring point (measuring point of the 15th, 25,39 and 19 in Fig. 5, wherein, the 15th measuring point be located at the 14th and the 16th measuring point line On, the 25th measuring point is located on the line of the 24th and the 26th measuring point, and the 39th measuring point is located on the line of the 38th and the 40th measuring point, and the 19th Measuring point is located on the line of the 18th and the 20th measuring point), as shown in figure 5, the inner ring measuring point around freezing pipe above has 5 (such as The measuring point of the 27th, 29,30,31 and 41 in Fig. 5), centre circle measuring point has 4 (measuring points of the 26th, 28,40 and 42 in such as Fig. 5), outer ring Measuring point has 4 (measuring points of the 16th, 17,18 and 32 in such as Fig. 5), has 5 (such as Fig. 5 around the inner ring measuring point of following freezing pipe In the measuring point of the 23rd, 33,34,35 and 37), centre circle measuring point has 4 (measuring points of the 22nd, 24,36 and 38 in such as Fig. 5), outer ring survey Point has 4 (measuring points of the 14th, 20,21 and 32 in such as Fig. 5).Thus, it is main to test plane totally 42 measuring points.Preferably, such as Fig. 6 institutes Show, each subtest plane has one article of the 5th thermocouple string 325, every the 5th thermocouple string 325 has 5 measuring points, 5 4 in measuring point are arranged (measuring point of the 43rd, 44,45 and 46 in such as Fig. 6) by the center of circle of front-seat single freezing pipe into a circle, another Individual measuring point is located at the midpoint (the 47th measuring point in such as Fig. 6) of the line of two freezing pipes of heel row, and thus two auxiliary planes are total to 10 measuring points.
Below with reference to Fig. 1-13, monitoring seepage flow according to the second aspect of the invention is illustrated to frozen temperature field shadow Loud test method.
According to the second aspect of the invention, the experiment that seepage flow influences on frozen temperature field is monitored the invention provides a kind of Method, the experiment dress that this method influences including the use of monitoring seepage flow according to the first aspect of the invention on frozen temperature field Put, carried out according to the method comprised the following steps：
(1) freezing pipe 23 is made according to geometric similarity criterion formulas, and determines the spacing of freezing pipe 23, it is considered to boundary condition And geometric similarity criterion makes casing 11 (experiment casing), and make with the supporting filter screen 12 of casing 11 and feed liquor current divider 22 and Go out liquid current divider 24；
In accordance with the present invention it is preferred that, during coal mine shaft lining construction freezing method, the diameter of freezing pipe is generally 100mm, The tube pitch of freezing pipe is generally 1200mm, and the array pitch of freezing pipe is generally 2000mm；Therefore, according to geometric similarity criterion formulas lm=lp/Cl(wherein, lmFor the corresponding size of model, lpFor actual design and corresponding size in construction), work as ClFor 5 when, obtain Go out a diameter of 20mm of freezing pipe 23, the tube pitch of freezing pipe can be 240mm, and the array pitch of freezing pipe can be 400mm.
According to the present invention, the geometric similarity criterion can be Cl=1-22, for example, can for 1,3,5,7,9,11,13, 15th, the scope between any one numerical value or any two numerical value in 17,19,21 and 22, preferably 5.
The refrigerant can be CaCl2Solution and/or alcohol.Because the corrosivity of CaCl2 solution is stronger, it is used for a long time Larger infringement, therefore preferably alcohol can be caused to testing equipment.
(2) to the center section back-up sand 16 of casing 11, and thermocouple string 32 is buried according to temperature point arrangement, to case The two end portions of body 11 insert stone 17, form the surge chamber at two ends.
According to the present invention, the temperature point arrangement can be the main test plane of one as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 totally 42 The arrangement of individual measuring point and two subtest planes totally 10 measuring points, specifically describes referring to above-mentioned, will not be repeated here.
According to the present invention, the infiltration coefficient that step (2) also includes carrying out sand 16 saturated sand is tested, it is determined that experiment sand used Infiltration coefficient the step of.The method of the infiltration coefficient experiment of the saturated sand can be according to《Standard for test methods of earthworks GB/ T50123-1999》In method carry out.
(3) center section of casing 11 is sealed with the first cover plate 13, two end portions are close with one piece of second cover plate 14 respectively Envelope, and freezing pipe 23 is drawn by three through holes 131 on the first cover plate 13, survey line 31 is drawn by fairlead 132, passes through pressure Power table connects hole 133 and draws external tank pressure table 18.
(4) device to be tested is debugged after being completed, it is ensured that each system energy normal work and mutually coordinated work. Water temperature in regulating thermostatic water tank 40 is at 7-10 DEG C, preferably 7 DEG C, opens variable frequency pump, adjusts water inlet control valve 45 and goes out water control Valve 50 processed is to change the water pressure in casing 11, and control makes in sand 16 seepage flow water speed reach the by the clear water flow of sand 16 One design load, and stable stratum filtration is formed, and keep the seepage state.
According to the present invention, in step (4), first design load can be 25m/d (rice/day), according to likelihood ratio V= V1/Cl(wherein, V is the design load of the percolation flow velocity of present embodiment reclaimed water, V1For the percolation flow velocity of underground water in actual condition, C1For geometric similarity criterion value), take C1It is 5m/d for the seepage action of ground water speed in correspondence actual condition after 5 conversions.Wherein, it is real Border operating mode refers to actually encountering during vertical shaft frozen construction the percolation flow velocity of underground water.
(5) refrigerator 20 is opened, refrigerant (such as alcohol) is cooled to design temperature；Then make to reach design temperature Alcohol is entered in the freezing pipe 23 being located in casing 11 close to tank pressure table 18 by feed liquor main 21 and feed liquor current divider 22 A piece freezing pipe 131 in direction, then refrigerator 20 is flowed back to by going out liquid current divider 24 and going out liquid main 25, form freeze cycle.
According to the present invention, in step (5), the design temperature of alcohol refers to alcohol as temperature during freezing liquid, can for- 20~-35 DEG C, be preferably -30 DEG C.
According to the present invention, in step (5), by opening refrigerator 20, freeze cycle simulation system is formed, and record opening The time of refrigerator 20.
(6) collection of temperature data is carried out by temperature monitoring system, and judges frost wall by foundation of temperature data Formational situation.
According to the present invention, in step (6), when the temperature of temperature point reaches -2 DEG C, that is, think to have formed jelly at this Tie wall.
(7) refrigerator 20 is closed, stops supply refrigerant, closes freezing pipe 23, stop experiment, and record the time.According to Open the time of refrigerator 20 and close the time of refrigerator 20, the time required to acquisition is freezed.
(8) temperature of alcohol is improved to 20~30 DEG C, preferably 25 DEG C, then alcohol is inputted in freezing pipe 23, makes wine Essence circulation, while judging thawing condition by temperature monitoring system, has been thawed so as to carry out quick-thawing to the ice in casing 11 Cheng Hou, stops alcohol circulation.
When the temperature of all temperature points measured is above room temperature, alcohol circulation is closed, by constant temperature water tank 40 The temperature setting of water opens clear water circulation, by the flowing of water, the temperature of the sand 16 of diverse location gradually becomes in casing into 7 DEG C In equal, when the temperature of all temperature points is all close to room temperature (7 DEG C or so), thaws and complete.
It is unified by casing 11 because in process of the test, (7~8 DEG C) changes of room temperature are little, therefore before each experiment Temperature control in room temperature, consequently facilitating the operation and the contrast of result of the test of experiment.
(9) according to the mode of operation in step (5), it is up to the alcohol of design temperature feeding and is located at freezing in casing 11 Two freezing pipes 131 in the remote direction of tank pressure table 18 in pipe 23, and carried out according to the behaviour institute mode in step (5)-(8) Operation.
(10) according to the mode of operation in step (5), it is up to the jelly that the alcohol of design temperature feeding is located in casing 11 Tie all three, and operated according to the mode of operation in step (5)-(8) in pipe 23.
(11) operated according to the mode of operation in step (4), seepage flow water speed in sand 16 is reached the second design load；Then Operated according to the mode of operation in step (5)-(10).
According to the present invention, in step (11), second design load can be 50m/d, according to likelihood ratio V=V1/Cl, take C1It is 10m/d for seepage action of ground water speed in correspondence actual condition after 5 conversions.
(12) operated according to the mode of operation in step (4), seepage flow water speed in sand 16 is reached the 3rd design load；Then Operated according to the mode of operation in step (5)-(10).
According to the present invention, in step (12), the 3rd design load can be 100m/d, according to likelihood ratio V=V1/Cl, take C1It is 20m/d for seepage action of ground water speed in correspondence actual condition after 5 conversions.
(13) variable frequency pump is closed, it is that 0, i.e. sand 16 are in without seepage state to make seepage flow water speed in sand 16, then according to step Suddenly the mode of operation in (5)-(10) is operated.
(14) change the seepage direction of water, then operated according to the mode of operation in step (4), make seepage flow water speed in sand 16 Degree reaches the first design load；Then operated according to the mode of operation in step (10).
According to the present invention, in step (14), changing the operation of the seepage direction of water can be：Unload depotition cock 51 and change Frequency pump, the delivery port of the pump housing 41 of variable frequency pump is connected with the clear water current collector 48 of the other end of casing 11, changed with this The seepage direction of clear water.
(15) operated according to the mode of operation in step (4), seepage flow water speed in sand 16 is reached the second design load；Then Operated according to the mode of operation in step (10).
(16) operated according to the mode of operation in step (4), seepage flow water speed in sand 16 is reached the 3rd design load；Then Operated according to the mode of operation in step (10).
(17) data preparation and processing.
Illustrate the effect of the present invention below by way of test data：
In described below, the percolation flow velocity for the water being related to is the seepage action of ground water speed in actual condition.
First, single tube data analysis
(1) different measuring points temperature changes over time analysis under identical percolation flow velocity
With reference to Fig. 5, by the measuring point the (the 1st on the measuring point (the 6th measuring point) on the inner ring around front-seat single freezing pipe and outer ring Measuring point) temperature change with time be depicted as curve map (as shown in fig. 7, wherein, curve 701 for the 1st measuring point temperature at any time Between the curve that changes, the curve that curve 702 changes over time for the temperature of the 6th measuring point).
As seen from Figure 7, due to the measuring point on inner ring apart from freezing pipe closer to so measuring point (the 6th measuring point) on inner ring Faster, final temperature is also lower for cooling rate；Under initial temperature same case, the measuring point the (the 1st on the measuring point and outer ring on inner ring Measuring point) the temperature difference become bigger and bigger with freeze-off time, the final temperature difference reaches 4 DEG C, and inner ring reduces 16 DEG C, and outer ring reduces 12 DEG C, Inner ring temperature reduces 33% more than outer ring.
In the case of being not zero in the percolation flow velocity of water, measuring point (the 7th He on the centre circle around front-seat single freezing pipe 11st measuring point) and the temperature of measuring point (measuring point of the 6th, 8 and 12) on outer ring change over time and be depicted as curve map and (show in Fig. 8 The curve when percolation flow velocity that water is shown in curve when the percolation flow velocity for having gone out water is 5m/d, Fig. 9 is 10m/d；Wherein, it is bent Line 801 and 901 for the 7th measuring point the curve that changes over time of temperature, curve 802 and 902 for the 6th measuring point temperature anaplasia at any time The curve of change, the curve that curve 803 and 903 changes over time for the temperature of the 12nd measuring point, curve 804 and 904 is the 8th measuring point The curve that temperature is changed over time, the curve that curve 805 and 905 changes over time for the temperature of the 11st measuring point).
From Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, in the case where the percolation flow velocity of water is not zero, measuring point of the upstream measuring point temperature than downstream Temperature wants height, and (wherein, " upstream " and " downstream " is defined according to the direction of current, and " upstream " refers to the position that current are firstly flowed through Put, " downstream " refers to the position flowed through after current)：When the percolation flow velocity of water is 5m/d, the temperature on the 6th measuring point of upstream inner ring The temperature that degree reduces the 11st measuring point on 12.5 DEG C, downstream centre circle reduces 15.6 DEG C, and downstream measuring point temperature drops more than upstream Low by 24.8%, the temperature of the 7th measuring point on the centre circle of upstream reduces the 12nd measuring point temperature reduction on 10.2 DEG C, downstream inner ring 11.8 DEG C, the measuring point temperature on the centre circle of downstream reduces 15.7% more than upstream.When the percolation flow velocity of water is 10m/d, on The temperature that the temperature of the 6th measuring point on trip inner ring reduces the 11st measuring point on 11.6 DEG C, downstream centre circle reduces 14.3 DEG C, under The temperature that trip measuring point temperature reduces the 7th measuring point on 23.3%, upstream centre circle more than upstream reduces 10.6 DEG C, downstream inner ring On the measuring point temperature that reduces on 11.3 DEG C, downstream centre circle of temperature of the 12nd measuring point 6% is reduced than upstream more.It can be seen that, always Body is rendered as upstream temperature higher than middle reaches temperature, and middle reaches temperature is higher than downstream temperature.
(2) temperature is analyzed with change in location
By mutually the measuring point temperature of diverse location is depicted as curve map in the same time.
Figure 10 shows interface point position (i.e.：Along perpendicular to the position of water (flow) direction) relation between temperature is bent Line, wherein, when curve 1001 shows the percolation flow velocity of water for 0m/d, freeze the curve after 15 hours；1002 show water When percolation flow velocity is 5m/d, freeze the curve after 15 hours；1003 show water percolation flow velocity be 10m/d when, freeze 15 small When after curve；In Figure 10, abscissa " interface point position " refers to that, perpendicular to the position of water (flow) direction, the unit of abscissa is Centimetre, what " 0 " of abscissa was referred to is the position where freezing pipe.
As seen from Figure 10, it can be seen that the nearer measuring point temperature of distance center point from along water (flow) direction position and temperature relation figure Degree is lower, and central point is left-right asymmetry, and the nearer position of the distance center point of upstream, thermograde is more intensive, the temperature in downstream Gradient is spent than more shallower, the same remote position of distance center point, and the temperature in downstream substantially will illustrate upstream less than upstream Cold is brought in downstream by water.Different degrees of influence is also equipped with to temperature level under different percolation flow velocities：At 15 days under Swim the measuring point of 6 centimetres of distance center point, the temperature surveyed during no percolation flow velocity than have during percolation flow velocity it is low (it is lower than 5m/d 1 DEG C, It is lower than 10m/d 3.5 DEG C)；6 centimetres of upstream distance center point without percolation flow velocity when measuring point temperature it is lower than 5m/d 0.6 DEG C, than 10m/d is low 2.2 DEG C.
Figure 11 shows axial plane point position (i.e.：Along the position of water (flow) direction) relation curve between temperature, its In, when curve 1101 shows the percolation flow velocity of water for 0m/d, freeze the curve after 15 hours；1102 show the seepage flow speed of water When spending for 5m/d, freeze the curve after 15 hours；1103 show water percolation flow velocity be 10m/d when, freeze after 15 hours Curve；In Figure 10, abscissa " axial plane point position " refers to the position along water (flow) direction, and the unit of abscissa is centimetre, horizontal What " 0 " of coordinate was referred to is the position where freezing pipe.
As seen from Figure 11, it can be seen that the nearer survey of distance center point from perpendicular to water (flow) direction position and temperature relation figure Point temperature is lower, and central point right position temperature is almost symmetrical relation, and somewhat asymmetric is probably due to sandy soil Density is to caused by the deviation a little of the position of measuring point.Percolation flow velocity is bigger, and the cold taken away is more, causes measuring point Temperature it is higher, so temperature during without percolation flow velocity is less than temperature when percolation flow velocity is 5m/d, percolation flow velocity is 5m/d When temperature be less than percolation flow velocity be 10m/d when temperature.
2nd, it is two-tube to hand over circle time study
It is to judge that two freezing pipes are formed positioned at the profiling temperatures of the measuring point of two freezing pipe centers of heel row Whether frost wall hands over the important evidence of circle.
Figure 12 shows under three kinds of percolation flow velocity states that the temperature positioned at two tube hub measuring points of heel row changes with time Situation；Wherein, curve 1201 shows the curve when percolation flow velocity of water is 0m/d, and curve 1202 shows the percolation flow velocity of water Curve during for 5m/d, curve 1203 shows the curve when percolation flow velocity of water is 10m/d.
As seen from Figure 12, correspondence identical seepage action of ground water speed, temperature point be can be seen that from the measuring point temperature profile Cloth curve is divided into three phases：Actively freezing the non-frozen soil temperature-fall period of early stage, sharp temperature drop；Subsequently enter phase transformation rank Section, now as the distance between frost wall of two freezing pipe formation reduces, the actual seepage flow speed by the water in the middle of two pipes Degree is far longer than initial design load, and current take away amount of heat, are kept for a period of time when causing temperature drop to 0 DEG C or so Stablize relatively；With the further intensification for freezing degree, the freezing range of two freezing pipes gradually increases, and freezes tubular at two Into frost wall successfully hand over after circle, current can not flow through in the middle of two pipes, under the influence of two freezing pipes, and the temperature of measuring point is again It is secondary drastically to decline；Tended towards stability freezing later stage curve, cooling rate is slow.
The temperature distribution history under different underground water percolation flow velocities is contrasted it can be found that because current have taken away part heat Amount, causes the freezing curve under no percolation flow velocity state will be less than the situation for having percolation flow velocity.Under three kinds of states, into phase transformation rank The time point of section is roughly the same, but without stage for drastically declining for the second time is initially entered under percolation flow velocity state, that is, shows two The frost wall of root freezing pipe formation hands over circle first, and the friendship circle time for having percolation flow velocity is substantially later than the state of no percolation flow velocity, Wherein percolation flow velocity is later than no percolation flow velocity state about 24.5% for the 5m/d friendship circle time, and percolation flow velocity 10m/d friendship circle Time is later than no percolation flow velocity state about 34.3%.
3rd, three pipe optimum results are analyzed
Original project of shaft freezing is optimized (i.e. by setting up a freezing pipe in current upstream：Use institute in Fig. 1 Three freezing pipes shown carry out freezing test), judge optimum results by contrasting the temperature distribution history of identical measuring point.
Figure 13 is shown under three kinds of percolation flow velocity states, when carrying out freezing test using three freezing pipes, positioned at heel row Two temperature for freezing tube hub measuring point change with time situation；Wherein, curve 1301 shows that the percolation flow velocity of water is 0m/ Curve during d, curve 1302 shows the curve when percolation flow velocity of water is 5m/d, and curve 1303 shows the percolation flow velocity of water Curve during for 10m/d.
It is visible by comparing Figure 13 and Figure 12, take the method that freezing pipe is set up in upstream can shorten have percolation flow velocity with The difference of friendship circle time without percolation flow velocity, so as to illustrate that the optimization method selected is more efficient.
As known by the technical knowledge, the present invention can be by the embodiment party of other essence or essential feature without departing from its spirit Case is realized.Therefore, embodiment disclosed above, for each side, is all merely illustrative, and is not only.Institute Have within the scope of the present invention or be included in the invention in the change being equal in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of monitor the experimental rig that seepage flow influences on frozen temperature field, it is characterised in that described device includes：
Osmotic system, the osmotic system includes casing, variable frequency pump and constant temperature water tank；The casing is used to provide seepage flow to freezing The test site of Influence of Temperature Field, the variable frequency pump is used to the clear water in the constant temperature water tank being delivered to the casing；
Freezing system, the freezing system include refrigerator and freezing pipe, it is described it is used for refrigerator in produce refrigerant and will freezing Agent is located at the box house by pipeline to the freezing pipe, the freezing pipe；
Temperature monitoring system, including temperature data acquisition instrument and thermocouple string, the temperature data acquisition instrument and the thermocouple String is connected by survey line, and the thermocouple displacement is in the box house, the temperature for measuring the box house.
2. the experimental rig that monitoring seepage flow according to claim 1 influences on frozen temperature field, it is characterised in that the case Body is divided into the part of left, center, right three by two filter screens, and the shape of the left and right part at two ends is identical, for accommodating stone, in Between part be used for accommodate sand；
Preferably, the casing is rectangular shape, its open top；
Preferably, the volume of the part of the centre of the casing is any one 5-7 times in the part at two ends, preferably 6 Times.
3. the experimental rig that monitoring seepage flow according to claim 2 influences on frozen temperature field, it is characterised in that the case There is cover plate at the opening at the top of body, to by the box sealing；The cover plate be three, including one be used for seal institute State the first cover plate of casing interlude and for two the second cover plates of the part for sealing the tank ends；
Preferably, two rows totally three through hole of first cover plate provided with longitudinal arrangement, for drawing the freezing pipe, one Fairlead, to draw survey line, and a pressure gauge connects hole, the tank pressure table external to draw；
It is further preferred that the line of through hole described in two of which is vertical direction.
4. the experimental rig that monitoring seepage flow according to claim 2 influences on frozen temperature field, it is characterised in that the filter Net includes a large-meshed net and a fine-structure mesh；The large-meshed net is used to bear the lateral pressure from sand and stone, the aperture Net is used for stopping the loss of sand；
The aperture of the large-meshed net is more than the particle diameter of stone, is 10-40mm, preferably 20mm；The aperture of the fine-structure mesh is big It is 100-400 mesh in the particle diameter of sand, preferably 100 mesh；
Preferably, the large-meshed net and fine-structure mesh are steel wire；
Preferably, the large-meshed net and fine-structure mesh are clipped in the middle of angle steel frame, and by bolt by angle steel frame and large-meshed net and Fine-structure mesh is fixed, and the angle steel frame of two filter screens is welded on the bottom surface of the casing and side.
5. the experimental rig that monitoring seepage flow according to claim 1 influences on frozen temperature field, it is characterised in that the case The two ends of body are respectively provided with inlet/outlet pipe；
Preferably, the two ends of the casing are respectively provided with the specification identical inlet/outlet pipe for being uniformly distributed and being oppositely arranged, the case The inlet/outlet pipe at body two ends is oppositely arranged two-by-two.
It is further preferred that the two ends of the casing are respectively provided with two rows, often arrange four inlet/outlet pipes.
6. the experimental rig that monitoring seepage flow according to claim 5 influences on frozen temperature field, it is characterised in that the change Frequency pump includes the pump housing, frequency converter and pressure gauge；
One end of the pump housing is connected by pipeline with the constant temperature water tank；The other end after the pressure gauge by pipeline with Clear water current divider is connected, and water inlet control valve and flowmeter are additionally provided with the pipeline；
The clear water current divider is connected with the inlet/outlet pipe of described casing one end, and clear water is uniformly distributed to the entry/exit Water pipe；
The inlet/outlet pipe of the casing other end is gathered on a pipeline by clear water current collector, is set on the pipeline Put water flow meter and outlet water control valve；The end of the pipeline is provided with depotition cock；
The frequency converter is used to control the pump housing, to provide stable flow while monitoring pressure, and with reference to the stream Gauge and the water inlet control valve realize the real-time display and control to clear water flow；
Preferably, the flowmeter and the water flow meter are electromagnetic flowmeter；
Preferably, the variable frequency pump also includes vacuum tank, and the vacuum tank is connected with the water side of the pump housing, plays equilibrium water amount And the effect of pressure.
7. the experimental rig that monitoring seepage flow according to claim 4 influences on frozen temperature field, it is characterised in that the jelly Clone system includes refrigerator, feed liquor main, feed liquor current divider, freezing pipe, goes out liquid current divider and go out liquid main；
The freezing pipe is made up of inner tube and the outer tube being placed on outside said inner tube, and said inner tube and the outer tube freeze described Tie the bottom connection of pipe；
The refrigerator is connected by the feed liquor main and the feed liquor current divider with said inner tube；The outer tube passes through described Go out liquid current divider and it is described go out liquid main be connected again with refrigerator；So that refrigerant is out of described refrigerator, via described Feed liquor main, the feed liquor current divider, the freezing pipe, it is described go out liquid current divider and it is described go out liquid main, then flow back into described In refrigerator, a circulation is formed；
It is described go out liquid current divider be used to connecting the freezing pipe and it is described go out liquid main so that by the refrigerant in the freezing pipe Gather together and send the refrigerator back to；
Preferably, the freezing pipe sets three altogether, respectively by set on first cover plate the two of longitudinal arrangement Totally three through holes enter in the casing row；The feed liquor current divider is used to connect the feed liquor main and the freezing pipe, with The refrigerant for ensureing to flow into the every freezing pipe is equal；
Preferably, the part that three freezing pipes are located at outside the casing is provided with valve, to control the freezing pipe Opening and closing, so as to control the into and out freezing pipe of refrigerant；
Be preferably located at the casing exterior section the freezing pipe and the feed liquor main and it is described go out liquid main use Insulation material is closely wound；
Preferably, the refrigerant is CaCl2Solution and/or alcohol, preferably alcohol.
8. the experimental rig that monitoring seepage flow according to claim 1 influences on frozen temperature field, it is characterised in that the heat Galvanic couple string is constantan-copper thermocouple string；
Preferably, the thermocouple string is multiple, the inside of the casing is respectively positioned on, for measuring the corresponding of the box house Temperature at position, and be electric signal by temperature transition, the temperature data acquisition instrument is then transferred to by the survey line；
Preferably, three temperature test faces of thermocouple string formation, an including main test surfaces and two subtest faces；Its In, the main test surfaces are located at the center section for being filled with sand of the casing, and two subtest faces are located at main survey respectively It is above examination face and following and identical with the distance of main test surfaces；
It is further preferred that two subtest faces and the distance of the main test surfaces are 50mm；
It is further preferred that the main test surfaces include first to fourth totally four thermocouple strings；Wherein, it is distributed in front-seat single First thermocouple string of freezing pipe position has 4 measuring points, and the second thermocouple string has 9 measuring points；First thermocouple string and the second heat 13 measuring points altogether of galvanic couple string surround inner ring, centre circle and outer ring three along the freezing pipe and enclose measuring point, and the inner ring measuring point has 5 Individual, the centre circle measuring point has 4, and the outer ring measuring point has 4；It is distributed in the three thermocouple string of two freezing pipe positions of heel row There are 8 measuring points, the 4th thermocouple string there are 21 measuring points；29 altogether of the three thermocouple string and the 4th thermocouple string Measuring point is respectively enclosed to that inner ring, centre circle and outer ring three enclose measuring point and 4 are located at described in two and freeze along two freezing pipes Measuring point on the vertical line of the line of pipe, has 5, the centre circle measuring point has around the inner ring measuring point of the freezing pipe above 4 measuring points, the outer ring measuring point has 4, has 5 around the inner ring measuring point of the following freezing pipe, the centre circle is surveyed Point has 4, and the outer ring measuring point has 4；Thus, main test plane totally 42 measuring points；Preferably, each auxiliary is surveyed Examination plane has one article of the 5th thermocouple string, and every the 5th thermocouple string has 4 in 5 measuring points, 5 measuring points By the center of circle of the front-seat single freezing pipe into a circle arrangement, another measuring point is located at the line of two freezing pipes of heel row Midpoint, thus two auxiliary planes totally 10 measuring points.
9. a kind of monitor the test method that seepage flow influences on frozen temperature field, it is characterised in that methods described is including the use of right It is required that the behaviour that the monitoring seepage flow in 1-8 described in any one is comprised the following steps on the experimental rig that frozen temperature field influences Make：
(1) seepage flow water speed in the sand in the casing is reached by the variable frequency pump and maintains the first design load, Ran Houtong The freezing system is crossed, is freezed the water in the sand in the casing using a freezing pipe in freezing system, formation is freezed Wall, the temperature data that the temperature point the time required to record freezes and in the system for detecting temperature is measured；
(2) frost wall formed in defrosting step (1), then by the variable frequency pump by seepage flow in the sand in the casing Water speed reaches and maintains the second design load, then by the freezing system, will using two freezing pipes in freezing system The water in sand in the casing freezes, and forms frost wall, the temperature the time required to record freezes and in the system for detecting temperature The temperature data that degree measuring point is measured；
(3) frost wall formed in defrosting step (2), then by the variable frequency pump by seepage flow in the sand in the casing Water speed reaches and maintains the 3rd design load, then by the freezing system, will using three freezing pipes in freezing system The water in sand in the casing freezes, and forms frost wall, the temperature the time required to record freezes and in the system for detecting temperature The temperature data that degree measuring point is measured；
(4) frost wall formed in defrosting step (3), then by the variable frequency pump by seepage flow in the sand in the casing Water speed is adjusted to zero, then by the freezing system, distinguishes successively according to mode of operation of the step (1) into step (3) The water in the sand in the casing is freezed using one in freezing system, two and three freezing pipes, frost wall is formed, point The temperature data that temperature point the time required to Ji Lu not freezing and in the system for detecting temperature is measured；
(5) frost wall formed in defrosting step (4), then changes the direction of seepage water in the sand in the casing, then Seepage flow water speed in the sand in the casing is adjusted to first respectively successively by the variable frequency pump according to aforesaid operations mode Design load, the second design load and the 3rd design load, then by the freezing system, make according to the mode of operation in step (3) The water in the sand in the casing is freezed with three freezing pipes in freezing system, frost wall is formed, record freezes institute respectively Take time the temperature data measured with the temperature point in the system for detecting temperature；
According to the temperature data that the temperature point in required time and the system for detecting temperature is measured that freezes of above-mentioned record, prison Survey seepage flow is influenceed on frozen temperature field, and important reference data is provided for construction freezing method.
10. the test method that monitoring seepage flow according to claim 9 influences on frozen temperature field, it is characterised in that described First design load is 25m/d, and second design load is 50m/d, and the 3rd design load is 100m/d；
Preferably, freezing pipe is made according to geometric similarity criterion formulas, and determines the spacing of freezing pipe, it is considered to boundary condition and several What similarity criterion makes casing, and makes and the supporting filter screen of casing and feed liquor current divider and go out liquid current divider；The geometry phase It is l like criterion formulasm=lp/Cl, wherein, lmFor the corresponding size of model, lpFor actual design and corresponding size, C in constructionl For geometric similarity criterion；It is further preferred that the geometric similarity criterion is Cl=1-22, preferably 5；
Preferably, the water in the sand in the casing is freezed, forming the mode of operation of frost wall includes：Refrigerator is opened, will Refrigerant in refrigerator is cooled to design temperature；Then the alcohol for reaching design temperature is made to be shunted by feed liquor main and feed liquor Device enters the freezing pipe being located in the casing, then flows back to refrigerator by going out liquid current divider and going out liquid main, and formation is freezed to follow Ring, up to the water in the sand in the casing freezes, forms frost wall；Preferably, the design temperature of the alcohol be -20~- 35 DEG C, be preferably -30 DEG C；
Preferably, the mode of operation of the defrosting frost wall includes：The temperature of alcohol is improved to -20~-30 DEG C, preferably -25 DEG C, then alcohol is inputted in the freezing pipe, makes alcohol circulation so as to carry out quick-thawing to the ice in the casing, simultaneously Thawing condition is judged by temperature monitoring system, after the completion of defrosting, stops alcohol circulation；When all temperature points measured When temperature is above room temperature, alcohol circulation is closed, by the temperature setting of water in constant temperature water tank into 7 DEG C, clear water circulation is opened, passes through The temperature of the sand of diverse location gradually tends to be equal in the flowing of water, casing, until the temperature of all temperature points is all close to room Wen Shi, thaws and completes；
Preferably, changing the mode of operation in the direction of seepage water in the sand in the casing includes：Unload depotition cock and frequency conversion Pump, the delivery port of the pump housing of variable frequency pump is connected with the clear water current collector of the other end of casing, is changed oozing for clear water with this Flow direction.
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CN109344547A (en) * 2018-11-08 2019-02-15 同济大学 Freezing process design methods and device under a kind of seepage effect of combination stratum
CN109557128A (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-04-02 重庆大学 A kind of simulation test case for frozen construction
CN109557128B (en) * 2018-12-10 2021-06-29 重庆大学 Simulation test box for freezing construction
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CN110031508A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-07-19 安徽理工大学 A kind of vertical hydrothermal reaction coupling model test apparatus and test method
CN110031508B (en) * 2019-05-28 2021-08-20 安徽理工大学 Vertical type hydrothermal coupling model test device and test method
CN111259468A (en) * 2020-01-10 2020-06-09 同济大学 Ant colony algorithm-based optimization design method for freezing method under seepage condition
CN112964621A (en) * 2021-02-19 2021-06-15 中国地质大学（武汉） Rock-soil body temperature-seepage coupling device for industrial CT scanning

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