CN114113196A - Model test system and method for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in artificial frozen soil layer - Google Patents
Model test system and method for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in artificial frozen soil layer Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/14—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by using distillation, extraction, sublimation, condensation, freezing, or crystallisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
Abstract
The invention provides a model test system and method for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer. The model test system utilizes a test box body and a soil body filled in the test box body to simulate a soil layer; a refrigerating system is used for providing a refrigerant to carry cold energy, and the cold energy is transmitted to a soil layer through a freezing pipe, so that different freezing effects are achieved; the seepage simulation is realized by utilizing the water supply circulating system, and the purpose of saving water can be achieved; the frost heaving displacement of soil in the test box body is monitored by using a displacement sensor, the stress and the temperature in the soil are respectively monitored by using a temperature sensor and a stress sensor, and the data monitored by each sensor is collected by using a data acquisition instrument. The model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in the artificial frozen soil layer can simulate and obtain the relationship among a temperature field, a deformation field, a stress field and a seepage field in the freezing method construction process, and provides a basis for related engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of model tests, in particular to a model test system and method for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer.
Background
When the subway is excavated, if the underground water is pumped out and drained by adopting the precipitation method, the problems of ground settlement and the like can be caused, the waste of water resource is large, and the freezing method construction has the advantages of preventing water burst, being not limited by the supporting range and depth and controlling the deformation of soil body, and can effectively reinforce the water-bearing stratum. At present, the freezing method construction is widely applied to the construction of subway communication channels in water-rich soft clay stratums.
However, when freeze construction is applied to a coarse earth formation containing water, the flow rate of groundwater in the formation tends to be large. The flow of groundwater can have a number of adverse effects on the freezing process. Firstly, the seepage of water can bring away part of cold energy generated by the freezing pipe, thereby affecting the refrigeration effect, increasing the formation time of the frozen wall, and even possibly leading the frozen wall to be incapable of circling (the seepage has influence on the temperature field) due to overlarge seepage speed of underground water; secondly, seepage can change the freezing rate, the temperature gradient and the moisture migration state of coarse-grained soil in the freezing process, so that the frost heaving and thawing sinking characteristics of coarse-grained soil are changed, and a larger frost heaving amount can generate upward displacement (influence of seepage on a deformation field) on a peripheral building; thirdly, frost heaving force generated by frost heaving can also cause adverse effects on surrounding pipelines and building foundations (influence of seepage on stress fields); in addition, the temperature field, the deformation field and the stress field also influence each other. The interaction between these physical fields is not clear, so it is necessary to develop research on the correlation between the seepage field, the temperature field, the deformation field and the stress field in the soil layer constructed by the artificial freezing method.
At present, related experimental research is mainly divided into two aspects, on one hand, frost heaving and thawing sinking characteristics of soil are researched by adopting a frost heaving test; on the other hand, the influence of seepage on the freezing method construction temperature field is simulated by using an indoor model test. Both cannot take into account the influence of the mutual coupling of multiple physical fields (seepage field, temperature field, deformation field and stress field). For the frost heaving test, a set of devices including a thermostat, a sample cylinder, a matched cold bath, a water replenishing bottle, temperature and displacement sensors and a data acquisition instrument are generally adopted. The simulation of the soil body freezing process is realized by adjusting the temperature of the cold bath, the frost heaving and thawing settlement amount and the internal temperature of the soil sample are measured by a sensor, and a data acquisition instrument is responsible for acquiring data; the saturation state of the soil and the openness of the system can be simulated by adjusting the position of the water replenishing bottle and the height of the water level. For an indoor model test, a test device for researching influence of seepage on freezing method construction at the present stage generally comprises a model test box, a matched cold bath, a freezing pipe, a water supply device, a temperature sensor and a data acquisition instrument. The cold bath is responsible for cooling the freezing pipe, so that the soil body in the model test box is cooled; the water supply device can realize the simulation of groundwater seepage; the temperature sensor and the data acquisition instrument are responsible for monitoring and acquiring the internal temperature of the soil body.
The general frost heaving test device has small volume, can only freeze in a single direction, and cannot simulate the arrangement of freezing pipes and seepage. The indoor model test is large in size, can flexibly control the freezing mode, seepage and stratum states, and is more suitable for researching the influence of seepage on freezing method construction, but the existing test device can only monitor the temperature field inside the soil body, but cannot monitor other physical fields (deformation field and stress field).
In summary, the research methods and means at the present stage can only simulate the coupling effect of a single or two physical fields, and cannot consider the coupling effect of a plurality of physical fields in the artificial freezing process. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a set of test device for monitoring the seepage field, the temperature field, the deformation field and the stress field in the artificial freezing process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a model test system and a method for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer, which are used for solving the defect that the simulation is incomplete because the research method and means in the prior art can only simulate the coupling action of a single or two physical fields and cannot simulate the interaction relation of the multiple physical fields, and the simulation of the coupling relation of the multiple physical fields is realized.
The invention provides a model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer, which comprises:
the soil filling device comprises a test box body, wherein a first water storage chamber, a soil filling box body and a second water storage chamber which are communicated with each other are sequentially formed in the test box body;
a refrigeration system;
the freezing pipes are embedded in the soil layer of the soil filling box body, the water inlets of the freezing pipes are communicated with the refrigerant outlet of the refrigerating system, and the water outlets of the freezing pipes are communicated with the refrigerant inlet of the refrigerating system;
the water supply circulation system is provided with a second water inlet and a second water outlet, the second water inlet is communicated with the first water outlet, and the second water outlet is communicated with the first water inlet;
the soil filling box comprises a soil filling box body, a soil filling box body and a data acquisition system, wherein the data acquisition system comprises a data acquisition instrument, a displacement sensor, a temperature sensor and a stress sensor, the data acquisition instrument is respectively connected with the displacement sensor, the temperature sensor and the stress sensor are electrically connected, the displacement sensor is arranged at the top of the soil layer of the soil filling box body, and the temperature sensor and the stress sensor are respectively embedded in the soil layer of the soil filling box body.
According to the model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in the artificial frozen soil layer, which is provided by the invention, the test box body further comprises a buffer chamber and a filter chamber, and the first water storage chamber, the buffer chamber, the soil filling box body, the filter chamber and the second water storage chamber are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the test box body and are sequentially communicated through a filter screen.
According to the model test system for simulating the coupling of the multiple physical fields in the artificial frozen soil layer, the buffer chamber and the filter chamber are respectively provided with the permeable stones.
The model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer further comprises a first flange plate and a second flange plate, a water inlet of the freezing pipe is communicated with a refrigerant outlet of the refrigerating system through the first flange plate, and a water outlet of the freezing pipe is communicated with a refrigerant inlet of the refrigerating system through the second flange plate.
According to the model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in the artificial frozen soil layer, which is provided by the invention, the first flange plate and the second flange plate respectively comprise a flange main pipe and flange branch pipes, and the flange branch pipes are distributed annularly and are communicated with the flange main pipe; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the flange main pipe of the first flange plate is communicated with the refrigerant outlet, the flange branch pipe of the first flange plate is communicated with the water inlet of the freezing pipe, the flange main pipe of the second flange plate is communicated with the refrigerant inlet, and the flange branch pipe of the second flange plate is communicated with the water outlet of the freezing pipe.
According to the model test system for simulating multi-physical field coupling in the artificial frozen soil layer, the flange branch pipes are annularly distributed by at least two layers, and the length of the flange branch pipes distributed close to the annular center is larger than that of the flange branch pipes distributed far away from the annular center.
According to the model test system for simulating multi-physical field coupling in the artificial frozen soil layer, provided by the invention, the water inlet of the freezing pipe and the water outlet of the freezing pipe are respectively positioned at the same end of the freezing pipe.
According to the model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer, which is provided by the invention, the water supply circulating system comprises a water supply tank body, a water pump and a flowmeter, a filter plate is arranged in the water supply tank body, and a muddy water chamber and a clear water chamber which are communicated are formed by dividing the water supply tank body through the filter plate, the second water inlet is communicated with the muddy water chamber, the clear water chamber is communicated with the second water outlet through the water pump, and the flowmeter is arranged between the second water outlet and the first water inlet.
According to the model test system for simulating multi-physical field coupling in the artificial frozen soil layer, the refrigerating system comprises a refrigerating machine and a refrigerant water tank, the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet are respectively communicated with the refrigerant water tank, the refrigerating machine is communicated with the refrigerant water tank, and valve bodies are further arranged at the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet.
The invention also provides a test method of the model test system for simulating the coupling of multiple physical fields in the artificial frozen soil layer, which comprises the following steps:
vertically placing a plurality of freezing pipes in the soil filling box body;
determining the type and various parameters of soil according to test requirements, filling the soil by adopting a layered compaction method, and arranging a temperature sensor and a stress sensor at a position to be measured of a soil layer when the filling height reaches a preset height;
after the soil layer is filled, arranging a displacement sensor at the top of the soil layer, and connecting a temperature sensor, a stress sensor and the displacement sensor to a data acquisition instrument;
communicating a second water inlet with the first water outlet, communicating the second water outlet with the first water inlet, starting a water supply circulation system to achieve stable seepage, and monitoring the seepage state by using a flowmeter;
communicating a water inlet of a freezing pipe with a refrigerant outlet of a refrigerating system, communicating a water outlet of the freezing pipe with a refrigerant inlet of the refrigerating system, starting the refrigerating system and introducing a refrigerant;
and acquiring the received displacement, temperature and stress data by a data acquisition instrument, and combining the seepage velocity to obtain the relationship among a soil layer temperature field, a deformation field, a stress field and a seepage field in the freezing method construction process.
The invention provides a model test system and a method for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer. Simulating a soil layer by using the test box body and soil filled in the test box body; a refrigerating system is used for providing a refrigerant to carry cold energy, and the cold energy is transmitted to a soil layer through a freezing pipe, so that different freezing effects are achieved; the seepage simulation is realized by utilizing the water supply circulating system, and the purpose of saving water can be achieved; the frost heaving displacement of soil in the test box body is monitored by using a displacement sensor, the stress and the temperature in the soil are respectively monitored by using a temperature sensor and a stress sensor, and the data monitored by each sensor is collected by using a data acquisition instrument. The model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in the artificial frozen soil layer can simulate and obtain the relationship among a temperature field, a deformation field, a stress field and a seepage field in the freezing method construction process, and provides a basis for related engineering.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer, provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a test box provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the refrigeration system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a freezing tube provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a first flange (or a second flange) provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a feedwater circulation system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a data acquisition system according to the present invention;
reference numerals:
1-1: a front plate; 1-2: a left panel; 1-3: a back plate;
1-4: a right plate; 1-5: a base plate; 1-6: a first water storage chamber;
1-7: a second water storage chamber; 1-8: a buffer chamber; 1-9: a filtering chamber;
1-10: a soil filling box body; 1-11: a first water inlet; 1-12: a first water outlet;
1-13: a steel frame;
2-1: a refrigerant tank; 2-2: an electronic display screen; 2-3: a refrigerator;
2-4: a refrigerant outlet; 2-5: a refrigerant inlet; 2-6: a case body shell;
2-7: a flange branch pipe; 2-8: a flange main pipe; 2-9: a water inlet of the freezing pipe;
2-10: a water outlet of the freezing pipe; 2-11: a freezing pipe cooling section;
3-1: a clear water chamber; 3-2: a filter plate; 3-3: a muddy water chamber;
3-4: a control screen; 3-5: a water pump; 3-6: a second water outlet;
3-7: a second water inlet; 3-8: a water supply tank body; 3-9: a flow meter;
4-1: a data acquisition instrument; 4-2: a displacement sensor; 4-3: a temperature sensor;
4-4: a stress sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer according to the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 7, and includes: the device comprises a test box body, a refrigerating system, a plurality of freezing pipes, a water supply circulation system and a data acquisition system.
Wherein, the inside of the test box body is sequentially provided with a first water storage chamber 1-6, a soil filling box body 1-10 and a second water storage chamber 1-7 which are communicated, the first water storage chamber 1-6 is provided with a first water inlet 1-11, and the second water storage chamber 1-7 is provided with a first water outlet 1-12. The test box body is formed by splicing 5 steel plates and comprises a front plate 1-1, a left plate 1-2, a rear plate 1-3, a right plate 1-4 and a bottom plate 1-5, wherein the 5 steel plates form the box body without a top plate, the plates are connected through bolts, a silica gel waterproof pad is arranged at the joint, the whole test box body is placed on a steel frame 1-13, and two vertical supports are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the steel frame 1-13 to prevent the box body from deforming. Specifically, the first water storage chamber 1-6 and the second water storage chamber 1-7 are empty, a certain amount of water can be temporarily stored, the water level height can be observed, the saturation state of the soil layer can be judged, the soil filling box body 1-10 is used for filling the soil layer, and the filling height can be freely controlled. The first water inlets 1-11 are arranged on the left plate, water enters the box body from the first water inlets 1-11, the first water outlets 1-12 are arranged at the right lower part of the front plate side by side, water is discharged out of the box body from the first water outlets 1-12, and the first water inlets 1-11 and the first water outlets 1-12 are respectively provided with a valve switch.
Further, the size of the test chamber: the length is 2160mm, the width is 1252mm, the height is 1736mm, the thickness of the steel plate is 5mm, 304 stainless steel bolts are adopted between the plates, and the width of the first water storage chamber 1-6 and the second water storage chamber 1-7 in the test box body is 150 mm. The length, width and height of the maximum filling size are 1400mm, 1000m and 1500mm respectively. The steel frames 1-13 adopt square steel tubes with the side length of 70mm, and the diameters of the first water inlets 1-11 and the first water outlets 1-12 are 40 mm.
A plurality of freezing pipes are embedded in soil layers of the soil filling box body 1-10, water inlets 2-9 of the freezing pipes are communicated with refrigerant outlets 2-4 of the refrigerating system, and water outlets 2-10 of the freezing pipes are communicated with refrigerant inlets 2-5 of the refrigerating system; the refrigerating system provides a refrigerant and carries cold, and the cold is transmitted to the soil layer through the freezing pipe, so that different freezing effects are achieved.
The water supply circulating system is provided with a second water inlet 3-7 and a second water outlet 3-6, the second water inlet 3-7 is communicated with the first water outlet 1-12, and the second water outlet 3-6 is communicated with the first water inlet 1-11. The water supply circulating system can collect water in the test box body, the water is recycled after treatment, and a water source is continuously sent to the test box body, so that the circulation can realize the simulation of seepage and can also achieve the purpose of saving water.
The data acquisition system comprises a data acquisition instrument 4-1, a plurality of displacement sensors 4-2, a plurality of temperature sensors 4-3 and a plurality of stress sensors 4-4, wherein the data acquisition instrument 4-1 is respectively and electrically connected with the displacement sensors 4-2, the temperature sensors 4-3 and the stress sensors 4-4, the displacement sensors 4-2 are arranged at the top of soil layers of the soil filling box body 1-10, and the temperature sensors 4-3 and the stress sensors 4-4 are respectively embedded in the soil layers of the soil filling box body 1-10. Specifically, the displacement sensor 4-2 is used for monitoring frost heaving displacement of soil in the test box body, the temperature sensor 4-3 and the stress sensor 4-4 are respectively used for monitoring stress and temperature in the soil, and the data acquisition instrument 4-1 is used for collecting data monitored by each sensor.
The invention provides a model test system and a method for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer. Simulating a soil layer by using the test box body and soil filled in the test box body; a refrigerating system is used for providing a refrigerant to carry cold energy, and the cold energy is transmitted to a soil layer through a freezing pipe, so that different freezing effects are achieved; the seepage simulation is realized by utilizing the water supply circulating system, and the purpose of saving water can be achieved; the frost heaving displacement of the soil in the test box body is monitored by using a displacement sensor 4-2, the stress and the temperature in the soil are respectively monitored by using a temperature sensor 4-3 and a stress sensor 4-4, and the data monitored by each sensor is collected by using a data acquisition instrument 4-1. The model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in the artificial frozen soil layer can simulate and obtain the relationship among a temperature field, a deformation field, a stress field and a seepage field in the freezing method construction process, and provides a basis for related engineering.
In one embodiment of the invention, the test box body further comprises a buffer chamber 1-8 and a filter chamber 1-9, wherein the first water storage chamber 1-6, the buffer chamber 1-8, the soil filling box body 1-10, the filter chamber 1-9 and the second water storage chamber 1-7 are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the test box body and are sequentially communicated through a filter screen. Furthermore, permeable stones are respectively arranged in the buffer chambers 1-8 and the filter chambers 1-9, wherein the permeable stones in the buffer chambers 1-8 are used for preventing the water from flowing too fast to wash soil layers in the soil filling box bodies 1-10, so that the soil layers are incomplete, the water can form uniform and dispersed water flow after passing through the buffer chambers 1-8, and the permeable stones in the filter chambers 1-9 are used for filtering the water flow and preventing soil particles from losing under the action of seepage. Water in the test box body firstly enters the first water storage chamber 1-6 from the first water inlet 1-11 for temporary storage, flows through the buffer chamber 1-8 to form uniform and divergent water flow, flows through a soil layer of the soil filling box body 1-10, is filtered by the filter chamber 1-9, then enters the second water storage chamber 1-7 for temporary storage, and finally is discharged out of the test box body from the first water outlet 1-12, and the process is simulation of seepage in the soil layer. The test box body can flexibly control the soil layer filling height, the arranged buffer chambers 1-8 and the filter chambers 1-9 can ensure the integrity of the soil layer in the test process to the maximum extent, the height of the underground water level can also be flexibly controlled, and the test box body is suitable for various test conditions.
In one embodiment of the invention, the model test system for simulating multi-physical-field coupling in the artificial frozen soil layer further comprises a first flange plate and a second flange plate, the water inlet 2-9 of the freezing pipe is communicated with the refrigerant outlet 2-4 of the refrigerating system through the first flange plate, and the water outlet 2-10 of the freezing pipe is communicated with the refrigerant inlet 2-5 of the refrigerating system through the second flange plate. Furthermore, the first flange plate and the second flange plate respectively comprise a flange main pipe 2-8 and a flange branch pipe 2-7, and the flange branch pipes 2-7 are distributed annularly and are communicated with the flange main pipe 2-8; the flange main pipe 2-8 of the first flange plate is communicated with the refrigerant outlet 2-4, the flange branch pipe 2-7 of the first flange plate is communicated with the water inlet 2-9 of the freezing pipe, the flange main pipe 2-8 of the second flange plate is communicated with the refrigerant inlet 2-5, and the flange branch pipe 2-7 of the second flange plate is communicated with the water outlet 2-10 of the freezing pipe. Specifically, the two flange plates are respectively designed to be circular and are connected with a plurality of freezing pipes through flange branch pipes 2-7, so that the flow velocity among the branch pipes is ensured to be consistent; the flange branch pipes 2-7 are annularly distributed by at least two layers, and the length of the flange branch pipes 2-7 distributed close to the annular center is larger than that of the flange branch pipes 2-7 distributed far away from the annular center, so that the flange branch pipes are conveniently assembled and connected with the freezing pipe. The specific connection mode of the flange plate and the freezing pipe is as follows: the refrigerant outlet 2-4 is connected with the flange main pipe 2-8 of the first flange plate through a heat insulation pipe, the flange branch pipe 2-7 of the first flange plate is connected with the water inlet 2-9 of the freezing pipe, the water outlet 2-10 of the freezing pipe is connected with the flange branch pipe 2-7 of the second flange plate, the flange main pipe 2-8 of the second flange plate is connected with the refrigerant inlet 2-5 through the heat insulation pipe, the freezing pipe is connected with at most 12 freezing pipes through a refrigerating system, and the refrigerant inlet 2-5 is connected with the refrigerant outlet 2-4 through the flange plates and the freezing pipe to form a refrigerant loop.
In one embodiment of the invention, the water inlet 2-9 of the freezing pipe and the water outlet 2-10 of the freezing pipe are respectively positioned at the same end of the freezing pipe, the length of the freezing pipe is 1200mm, the diameter of the freezing pipe is 16mm, the freezing pipe is a copper pipe and has good heat conductivity, and the cooling section 2-11 of the freezing pipe is hollow, so that the refrigerant in the freezing pipe can maximally exchange heat with the soil body outside the freezing pipe.
In one embodiment of the invention, the refrigeration system comprises a box body shell 2-6, a refrigerator 2-3 and a refrigerant water tank 2-1, wherein the refrigerator 2-3 and the refrigerant water tank 2-1 are arranged in the box body shell 2-6, a refrigerant inlet 2-5 and a refrigerant outlet 2-4 are respectively communicated with the refrigerant water tank 2-1, the refrigerator 2-3 is communicated with the refrigerant water tank 2-1, and valve bodies are further arranged at the refrigerant inlet 2-5 and the refrigerant outlet 2-4. Specifically, the refrigerant water tank 2-1 is used for containing refrigerants, the temperature control range of the refrigerator 2-3 is-30-40 ℃, the temperature control precision is +/-0.1 ℃, the refrigerant water tank 2-1 is used for cooling the refrigerants in the refrigerant water tank 2-1, and the electronic display screen 2-2 used for parameter control is arranged on the box body shell 2-6. The specific working process of the refrigerating system is as follows: after the flange plate and the freezing pipe are connected into a refrigerating system, the refrigerating machine 2-3 is started, the refrigerant in the refrigerant water tank 2-1 is firstly reduced to the designated temperature, then the valve bodies at the refrigerant inlet 2-5 and the refrigerant outlet 2-4 are opened, the refrigerant flows out from the refrigerant outlet 2-4 and is shunted to each freezing pipe through the first flange plate, the freezing pipe cooling section 2-11 is placed in the soil layer, and the refrigerant is collected by the second flange plate after exchanging heat with the soil layer at the freezing pipe cooling section 2-11 and flows back to the refrigerant water tank 2-1 through the refrigerant inlet 2-5.
In one embodiment of the invention, the water supply circulation system comprises a water supply tank body 3-8, a water pump 3-5 and a flow meter 3-9, wherein a filter plate 3-2 is arranged in the water supply tank body 3-8 and is divided by the filter plate 3-2 to form a turbid water chamber 3-3 and a clear water chamber 3-1 which are communicated, a second water inlet 3-7 is communicated with the turbid water chamber 3-3, the clear water chamber 3-1 is communicated with a second water outlet 3-6 through the water pump 3-5, and the flow meter 3-9 is arranged between the second water outlet 3-6 and a first water inlet 1-11. Specifically, the filter plate 3-2 is used for filtering muddy water collected by the muddy water chamber 3-3 and then discharging the muddy water to the clear water chamber 3-1, the water pump 3-5 can provide water pressure of 0-2 MPa for simulating a constant head test condition, the flow meter 3-9 is used for monitoring flow speed, and the water supply tank body 3-8 is also provided with a control screen 3-4 for setting parameters such as water pressure. The specific working process of the water supply circulating system is as follows: muddy water is discharged from the test box body and then enters the muddy water chamber 3-3, soil particles in the muddy water can be precipitated, clear water is arranged at the upper part after precipitation, a plurality of filtering holes are formed in the upper part of the filtering plate 3-2, clear water at the upper part of the muddy water chamber 3-3 enters the clear water chamber 3-1 from the filtering holes, and water in the clear water chamber 3-1 is conveyed to the test box body through the water pump 3-5. Therefore, water in the test box body can be reused after being discharged through filtration and is continuously sent back to the test box body, and the circulation can realize the simulation of seepage and can also achieve the purpose of saving water.
The invention also provides a test method of the model test system for simulating multi-physical field coupling in the artificial frozen soil layer by using the embodiment, which comprises the following steps:
placing a plurality of freezing pipes in a soil filling box body 1-10 in a manner of being vertical to a bottom plate of a test box body, placing a water inlet 2-9 of each freezing pipe and a water outlet 2-10 of each freezing pipe upwards, and wrapping the freezing pipe exposed outside by heat insulation cotton according to the height of a designed soil layer;
determining the type and various parameters of soil according to test requirements, filling the soil by adopting a layered compaction method, compacting the soil once every 100mm, and arranging a temperature sensor 4-3 and a stress sensor 4-4 around the freezing pipe when the height of the filled soil reaches a preset height (half of the total height), wherein other positions are arranged at equal intervals;
after the soil layer is filled, arranging a displacement sensor 4-2 at the top of the soil layer and at the downstream position of the soil body for monitoring the frost heaving amount of the downstream soil body, connecting a temperature sensor 4-3, a stress sensor 4-4 and the displacement sensor 4-2 to a data acquisition instrument 4-1, recording the initial temperature and stress, calibrating the initial value of the displacement sensor 4-2 to 0, setting a certain acquisition interval, and keeping the data acquisition instrument 4-1 in an open state all the time in the following steps;
and (3) communicating the second water inlet (3-7) with the first water outlet (1-12), communicating the second water outlet (3-6) with the first water inlet (1-11), starting a water supply circulation system and achieving stable seepage, and specifically operating as follows: firstly, filling water in a clear water chamber 3-1 and a muddy water chamber 3-3 respectively, then opening a valve of a first water inlet 1-11, keeping a valve of a first water outlet 1-12 closed, opening a water pump 3-5, conveying clear water to a test box body, keeping the clear water chamber 3-1 and the muddy water chamber 3-3 filled with water in the process, when the water level of the first water storage chamber 1-6 is consistent with the height of a soil layer, namely, the soil layer in a soil filling box body 1-10 is saturated, then closing the water pump 3-5, standing for 12 hours to further saturate the soil layer, finally setting the pressure value of the water pump 3-5 as a certain value, namely, providing a constant water head test condition, simultaneously opening the valve of the first water outlet 1-12 to enable water to flow in the soil layer, observing the number of a flowmeter 3-9, and considering that seepage is stable after the reading of the flowmeter 3-9 is stable for 12 hours, recording readings of the flowmeter 3-9 at the moment as a basis for calculating the seepage velocity;
keeping the seepage state unchanged, communicating a water inlet 2-9 of a freezing pipe with a refrigerant outlet 2-4 of a refrigerating system, communicating a water outlet 2-10 of the freezing pipe with a refrigerant inlet 2-5 of the refrigerating system, setting the temperature of a refrigerator 2-3 to be a test temperature, closing valve bodies of the refrigerant inlet 2-5 and the refrigerant outlet 2-4, and opening the valve bodies of the refrigerant inlet 2-5 and the refrigerant outlet 2-4 simultaneously when the temperature of the refrigerant in a refrigerant water tank 2-1 is reduced to the set temperature to enable the refrigerant to circulate in the freezing pipe;
the data acquisition instrument 4-1 is used for acquiring the received displacement, temperature and stress data, and the relation among a soil layer temperature field, a deformation field, a stress field and a seepage field in the freezing method construction process is obtained by combining the seepage speed of test underground water, so that a basis is provided for relevant engineering.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer is characterized by comprising:
the soil filling device comprises a test box body, wherein a first water storage chamber, a soil filling box body and a second water storage chamber which are communicated with each other are sequentially formed in the test box body;
a refrigeration system;
the freezing pipes are embedded in the soil layer of the soil filling box body, the water inlets of the freezing pipes are communicated with the refrigerant outlet of the refrigerating system, and the water outlets of the freezing pipes are communicated with the refrigerant inlet of the refrigerating system;
the water supply circulation system is provided with a second water inlet and a second water outlet, the second water inlet is communicated with the first water outlet, and the second water outlet is communicated with the first water inlet;
the soil filling box comprises a soil filling box body, a soil filling box body and a data acquisition system, wherein the data acquisition system comprises a data acquisition instrument, a displacement sensor, a temperature sensor and a stress sensor, the data acquisition instrument is respectively connected with the displacement sensor, the temperature sensor and the stress sensor are electrically connected, the displacement sensor is arranged at the top of the soil layer of the soil filling box body, and the temperature sensor and the stress sensor are respectively embedded in the soil layer of the soil filling box body.
2. The model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer according to claim 1, wherein the test box further comprises a buffer chamber and a filter chamber, and the first water storage chamber, the buffer chamber, the soil filling box, the filter chamber and the second water storage chamber are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the test box and sequentially communicated through a filter screen.
3. The model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer according to claim 2, wherein a permeable stone is respectively disposed in the buffer chamber and the filter chamber.
4. The model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer according to claim 1, further comprising a first flange and a second flange, wherein the water inlet of the freezing pipe is communicated with the refrigerant outlet of the refrigeration system through the first flange, and the water outlet of the freezing pipe is communicated with the refrigerant inlet of the refrigeration system through the second flange.
5. The model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer according to claim 4, wherein the first flange plate and the second flange plate respectively comprise a flange main pipe and flange branch pipes, and the flange branch pipes are distributed annularly and are communicated with the flange main pipe; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the flange main pipe of the first flange plate is communicated with the refrigerant outlet, the flange branch pipe of the first flange plate is communicated with the water inlet of the freezing pipe, the flange main pipe of the second flange plate is communicated with the refrigerant inlet, and the flange branch pipe of the second flange plate is communicated with the water outlet of the freezing pipe.
6. The model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer according to claim 5, wherein the flange branch pipes are distributed annularly by at least two layers, and the length of the flange branch pipes distributed near the center of the annulus is greater than the length of the flange branch pipes distributed far from the center of the annulus.
7. The model test system for simulating multi-physical field coupling in an artificial frozen soil layer according to claim 4, wherein the water inlet of the freezing pipe and the water outlet of the freezing pipe are respectively located at the same end of the freezing pipe.
8. The model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer according to claim 1, wherein the water supply circulation system comprises a water supply tank body, a water pump and a flowmeter, a filter plate is arranged in the water supply tank body, the filter plate is divided into a muddy water chamber and a clear water chamber which are communicated, the second water inlet is communicated with the muddy water chamber, the clear water chamber is communicated with the second water outlet through the water pump, and the flowmeter is arranged between the second water outlet and the first water inlet.
9. The model test system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the refrigeration system comprises a refrigerator and a refrigerant water tank, the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet are respectively communicated with the refrigerant water tank, the refrigerator is communicated with the refrigerant water tank, and valve bodies are further arranged at the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet.
10. A testing method using the model testing system for simulating coupling of multiple physical fields in an artificial frozen soil layer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
vertically placing a plurality of freezing pipes in the soil filling box body;
determining the type and various parameters of soil according to test requirements, filling the soil by adopting a layered compaction method, and arranging a temperature sensor and a stress sensor at a position to be measured of a soil layer when the filling height reaches a preset height;
after the soil layer is filled, arranging a displacement sensor at the top of the soil layer, and connecting a temperature sensor, a stress sensor and the displacement sensor to a data acquisition instrument;
communicating a second water inlet with the first water outlet, communicating the second water outlet with the first water inlet, starting a water supply circulation system to achieve stable seepage, and monitoring the seepage condition by using a flowmeter;
communicating a water inlet of a freezing pipe with a refrigerant outlet of a refrigerating system, communicating a water outlet of the freezing pipe with a refrigerant inlet of the refrigerating system, starting the refrigerating system and introducing a refrigerant;
and acquiring the received displacement, temperature and stress data by a data acquisition instrument, and combining the seepage velocity to obtain the relationship among a soil layer temperature field, a deformation field, a stress field and a seepage field in the freezing method construction process.
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