CN116087472A - Tunnel portal side slope physical simulation test device and method under complex environment coupling effect - Google Patents
Tunnel portal side slope physical simulation test device and method under complex environment coupling effect Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a physical simulation test device and a physical simulation test method for a tunnel portal slope under the coupling effect of an external environment, wherein the device comprises the following steps of; a permeation system, a freeze thawing system, a model assembly, an analysis mechanism and a vibrating table. Firstly, manufacturing a reduced scale slope model according to the site situation; the infiltration system consists of a rainfall mechanism at the upper part of the simulation model box and an infiltration system arranged in the side slope of the tunnel portal, and the infiltration system in the side slope is used for simulating the influence of underground water and the influence of rainwater seepage; the freeze thawing system consists of a refrigerating unit and a heating unit, is arranged above the model box and simulates the freeze thawing effect in the actual environment; the vibration table is arranged below the whole model box, bears the model box and simulates earthquake motions; the invention can simulate severe environments such as seepage, freeze thawing, earthquake and the like of the tunnel entrance slope, and provides an integrated test platform for disaster prevention and reduction research of the tunnel entrance slope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical earthquake engineering, in particular to a physical simulation test device and method for a tunnel portal slope under the coupling effect of external environment.
Background
With the continuous development of the economic society of China, the infrastructure of eastern and middle regions is gradually perfected, the western infrastructure has a larger development space, and the large-scale infrastructure construction of the western in the future is continuously performed.
The western Sichuan and Tibetan area of China has complex topography, and a large number of structures such as tunnels and bridges are adopted when the foundation engineering construction is carried out, especially when the construction of large-scale highways and railways is carried out. The western Sichuan-Tibetan area has a severe geographic environment, the influence of high altitude and freeze thawing effect is obvious, the seismic zone is deep, and the natural geological conditions are severe. The stability of the tunnel opening slope is an important ring of the tunnel structure, and influences the safety performance of the whole tunnel, so that the tunnel opening slope is particularly important for disaster prevention and reduction research of the tunnel opening slope, and a great deal of research is still needed for the current damage mode and mechanism of the tunnel opening slope in a severe natural environment. Previous researches show that the destabilization of the common side slope is mainly related to the action of water and the earthquake action, and the influence of the freeze thawing action is very remarkable in the deep earthquake high-occurrence zone and the multi-rainfall zone in the Sichuan-Tibetan area. At present, a plurality of correlation researches are carried out in the aspect of coupling of rainfall and earthquake, a plurality of correlation researches are carried out on the influence of freezing thawing action on a side slope, the action of water is considered in combination with the actual situation, the rainfall action, the existence of underground water and the seepage action of the rainwater, the influence of the freezing thawing action and the earthquake action on a structure is quite obvious, the three are non-negligible consideration factors, the research on the side slope of a tunnel opening under the coupling action of seepage, freezing thawing and earthquake still has the defect, and the disaster prevention and reduction research of the side slope of the tunnel opening under the action of severe environmental conditions lacks a relevant integrated test research platform.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a physical simulation test device and a physical simulation test method for a tunnel portal slope under the coupling effect of external environment
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a physical simulation test device for a tunnel portal side slope under the coupling effect of external environment comprises:
and the vibration table is used for providing three-way vibration waves to the outside.
The model component is used for simulating a tunnel portal slope and comprises a model box and a model, and the model is arranged at the bottom of an inner cavity of the model box. The model box is of a cube structure with transparent side walls and an open top surface. The model box is placed on the top surface of the vibrating table. A plurality of detachable rails are fixedly connected to the top end of one side wall of the inner cavity of the model box. And a thermometer is arranged in the inner cavity of the model box.
The infiltration system is used for simulating the seepage effect of rainwater and the influence of the existence of underground water on the performance of the slope structure, and is arranged at the top end of the inner cavity of the model box and in sliding connection with the detachable track.
The freeze thawing system is used for simulating the freeze thawing action in the nature. The freeze thawing system is arranged at the top end of the inner cavity of the model box and is in sliding connection with the detachable track.
The analysis mechanism is used for collecting data in the test process and analyzing, and is arranged on the outer side of one side surface of the model box, which is far away from the model, and is opposite to the model box.
Preferably, the model comprises a slope model and a tunnel model. The tunnel model is embedded in the slope model.
Preferably, the infiltration system comprises a rainfall unit and a water seepage hose, and the water seepage hose is arranged in the slope model. The rainfall unit comprises a bracket and a plurality of spray heads, and the detachable track is in sliding connection with the bracket. The spray heads are fixedly arranged on the support, and are fixedly connected and communicated with the electronic main valve. And the electronic main valve is fixedly connected and communicated with the water pump. The water pump is fixedly connected and communicated with the water tank. The water pump is integrated with a speed regulator and a voltage stabilizer and is used for stably outputting water flow with constant pressure. An electronic valve and a flowmeter are connected in series between the spray head and the electronic main valve. The water seepage hose is fixedly connected and communicated with the electronic main valve through the electronic branch valve and the flowmeter respectively.
Preferably, the freeze-thawing system comprises a heating unit and a refrigerating unit. The heating unit comprises a radiating pipe and a support, the support is in sliding connection with the detachable track, and the radiating pipe is fixedly installed on the support. The radiating pipe is externally connected with an electronic heating device. The refrigerating unit comprises a distributing pipe, and refrigerating equipment is externally connected to the distributing pipe. The emission pipe is fixedly arranged on the support, and the support fixedly provided with the emission pipe is in sliding connection with the detachable track.
Preferably, the analysis mechanism comprises a strain gauge, a sensor, a high speed camera, a controller and a computer. The strain gauges are longitudinally distributed on the slope body and uniformly distributed along the tunnel lining pipeline. The strain gauge is electrically connected with the controller, and the controller is electrically connected with the computer. The sensor is distributed along the height of the slope, and the sensor is electrically connected with the controller. The high-speed camera is arranged on the outer side of one side surface, far away from the model, of the model box and is opposite to the model box.
A physical simulation test method for a tunnel portal slope under the coupling effect of an external environment comprises the following steps:
step one: and sand materials are layered in the model box, a slope model is built, and the water seepage hose, the sensor and the strain gauge are synchronously arranged during layered laying. And installing the tunnel model when the slope model is paved to reach the design position of the bottom of the tunnel model.
Step two: the brackets respectively fixedly provided with the spray head, the radiating pipe and the radiating pipe are respectively connected with the detachable track.
Step three: the model box with the model installed is fixedly installed on the top surface of the vibrating table, the sensor and the strain gauge are electrically connected with the controller, the high-speed camera is fixedly installed on the ground outside the vibrating table, and the high-speed camera is opposite to the inclined surface of the slope model.
Step four: and controlling the infiltration system to perform rainfall and seepage effect independent and coupling simulation.
Step five: and controlling the freeze thawing system to perform freeze thawing simulation.
Step six: and controlling the vibration table to perform vibration simulation.
Step seven: and after the test is finished, closing the instrument and performing data analysis processing.
Preferably, in the first step, the slope model is built, and each layer is subjected to leveling, compacting and dehairing operations during layered paving.
Preferably, in the first step, when the tunnel model is installed, a tunnel reinforcement frame is installed, after the tunnel reinforcement frame is fixed, high-strength concrete is poured to form the tunnel model, and after the solidification conditions allow, the side slope model at the periphery of the tunnel model is built. And standing and maintaining the tunnel model until the test requirement is met.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
the invention fully considers the influence of the seepage of the rainwater and the storage of the underground water on the tunnel portal side slope for the first time, and the seepage system comprises the processes of side slope seepage and upper rainfall, thereby being more in line with the actual situation; secondly, the coupling effects of seepage, freeze thawing and earthquake are fully considered, so that the damage mechanism of the tunnel portal slope is conveniently explored, the simulated coupling effects of the three effects are researched, and the actual natural environment where the slope is located is met; in addition, all the components of the invention can be detachably arranged to realize the assembly of the system according to the requirements, and in the subsequent research test, the upper system can be overlapped and replaced according to the environmental effect, so that the invention has stronger adaptability. The method has very important significance for evaluating the reliability of the tunnel portal under the relevant geological conditions and the disaster prevention and reduction research of the side slope of the tunnel portal.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application, illustrate and explain the application and are not to be construed as limiting the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an instrument layout of a model test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a layout of a vibrating table loading device;
FIG. 3 is a layout of a rack and heating unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a layout of the rack and rain system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a layout of a rack refrigeration unit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a removable track structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of the present invention;
wherein, 1, a frame; 2. tempered glass; 3. a vibration table; 4. a control system; 5. a computer; 6. an electronic valve; 7. a flow meter; 8. an electronic main valve; 9. a water pump; 10. a speed governor; 11. a voltage stabilizer; 12. a water tank; 13. a slope model; 14. a water seepage hose; 15. a tunnel model; 16. a limiting hole; 17. a spray head; 18. PC plastic tube; 19. a heat radiating pipe; 20. a dispensing tube; 21. a removable track; 22. a sensor; 23. a strain gage; 24. a camera; 25. an electric heating device; 26. a refrigeration device; 27. a bracket; 28. a thermometer.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description below, in order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible.
1-7, a physical simulation test device for a tunnel portal side slope under the coupling effect of external environment, comprising: and a vibration table 3 for providing three-way vibration waves to the outside. The model component is used for simulating a tunnel portal slope and comprises a model box and a model, and the model is arranged at the bottom of an inner cavity of the model box. The model box is of a cube structure with transparent side walls. The model box is placed on the top surface of the vibrating table 3. A plurality of detachable rails 21 are fixedly connected to the top end of one side wall of the inner cavity of the model box. The mold box cavity is provided with a thermometer 28. And the infiltration system is used for simulating the seepage effect of rainwater and the influence of the existence of underground water on the performance of the slope structure, and is arranged at the top end of the inner cavity of the model box and is in sliding connection with the detachable track 21. The freeze thawing system is used for simulating the freeze thawing action in the nature. The freeze thawing system is arranged at the top end of the inner cavity of the model box and is in sliding connection with the detachable track 21. And the analysis mechanism is used for collecting data in the test process and analyzing, and is arranged on the outer side of one side surface of the model box, which is far away from the model, and is opposite to the model box. The models include a slope model 13 and a tunnel model 15. The tunnel model 15 is embedded in the slope model 13.
Further, the model box comprises a bottom plate, a top plate and four side plates, wherein the bottom plate and the top plate are steel plates, and the side plates are preferably toughened glass 2, so that the test phenomenon can be observed; the bottom plate, the top plate and the side plates are fixedly connected with the frame 1 respectively, the frame 1 and the bottom plate, the top plate and the four side plates are fixedly connected in a sealing way to form a hollow cube structure, one side plate is fixedly connected with a plurality of detachable rails 21, and in order to facilitate the installation of the permeation system and the freeze thawing system, one side plate of the model box is connected with the frame 1 in a sealing and detachable way, so that the permeation system and the freeze thawing system are conveniently placed into the inner cavity of the model box.
Further, the vibrating table 3 is a prior art, and will not be described herein. The thermometer 28 is an electronic thermometer and is electrically connected to the analysis mechanism; in order to control the freeze thawing environment more accurately, the side wall of the inner cavity of the model box is provided with a plurality of grooves.
Furthermore, the permeation system, the freeze thawing system and the analysis mechanism can be detachably connected, are convenient to assemble and flexibly apply, and have strong adaptability.
In a further optimized scheme, the infiltration system comprises a rainfall unit and a water seepage hose 14, and the water seepage hose 14 is arranged in the slope model 13. The rainfall unit comprises a bracket 27 and a plurality of spray heads 17, and the detachable track 21 is in sliding connection with the bracket 27. A plurality of spray heads 17 are fixedly arranged on the bracket 27, and the spray heads 17 are fixedly connected and communicated with the electronic main valve 8. The electronic main valve 8 is fixedly connected and communicated with the water pump 9. The water pump 9 is fixedly connected and communicated with the water tank 12. The water pump 9 is integrated with a speed regulator 10 and a pressure stabilizer 11 for stabilizing the water flow outputting a constant pressure. An electronic valve 6 and a flowmeter 7 are connected in series between the spray head 17 and the electronic main valve 8. The water seepage hose 14 is fixedly connected and communicated with the electronic main valve 8 through the electronic sub-valve 6 and the flowmeter 7 respectively.
Further, the water seepage hoses 14 are distributed inside the slope model, according to simulated geological investigation reports of various places, and the local rainfall intensity and the underground water distribution condition are combined, the seepage range is confirmed, so that the distribution quantity and the distribution depth of the water seepage hoses 14 are obtained, and when the water seepage hoses 14 are distributed, the water seepage hoses 14 are prevented from being bent downwards under the dead weight of the slope model, and therefore free flow of water is affected.
Further, a plurality of limiting holes 16 are vertically formed in one end opposite side surfaces of the model box, the support 27 is detachably connected with the model box through bolts and the limiting holes 16, the height of the rainfall unit in the inner cavity of the model box is convenient to adjust, and meanwhile, the relative height between the units can be adjusted.
In a further preferred embodiment, the freeze thawing system comprises a heating unit and a refrigerating unit. The heating unit comprises a radiating pipe 19 and a support 27, wherein the support 27 is in sliding connection with the detachable track 21, and the radiating pipe 19 is fixedly arranged on the support 27. The radiating pipe 19 is externally connected with an electronic heating device, the radiating pipe 19 can be heated through the electronic heating device, and heat transfer to the model is completed through heat dissipation of the radiating pipe 19. The refrigerating unit comprises a radiating pipe 20, the radiating pipe 20 is externally connected with a refrigerating device 26, the refrigerating device 26 can guide liquid refrigerant into the radiating pipe 20 for evaporation and heat absorption, the radiating pipe 20 can radiate cold, and the conduction of the cold of a model is completed. The dispensing tube 20 is fixedly mounted on a bracket 27, and the bracket 27 fixedly mounted with the dispensing tube 20 is slidably connected with the detachable track 21.
Further, the refrigeration device 26 and the electronic heating device are both of the prior art, and are not described herein.
Further preferably, the analysis means comprises a strain gauge 23, a sensor 22, a high speed camera 24, a controller and a computer 5. The strain gauges 23 are arranged in a plurality and longitudinally distributed on a slope, and the strain gauges 23 are uniformly distributed along the tunnel lining pipeline. The strain gauge 23 is electrically connected to a controller, which is electrically connected to the computer 5. The sensors 22 are arranged in a plurality and distributed along the height of the slope, the sensors 22 are distributed in an encrypted mode nearby the tunnel model, and the sensors are uniformly distributed at the rest positions of the model, so that key point monitoring is realized. The sensor 22 is electrically connected to the controller. The high-speed camera 24 is disposed on the outer side of a side surface of the model box away from the model, and is disposed opposite to the model box, and the controller is a PLC controller, which is a prior art and will not be described herein. The high-speed camera 24 is used for recording the development condition of the slope surface crack, comparing the development condition with the data of the strain gauge 23 and the sensor 22, and determining the damage mode of the tunnel portal slope.
A physical simulation test method for a tunnel portal slope under the coupling effect of an external environment comprises the following steps:
step one: the sandy soil material is layered in the model box, the slope model 13 is built, and the water seepage hose 14, the sensor 22 and the strain gauge 23 are required to be synchronously laid during layered laying. When the slope model 13 is laid to reach the design position of the bottom of the tunnel model 15, the tunnel model 15 is installed.
Further, the mold box is assembled first, and the side plate opposite to the detachable track 21 adopts an outward-openable structure, so that a right-side openable closed mold box is ensured. The sand materials are layered in the model box, the slope model is built, when the slope model is layered, each layer needs to be flattened, compacted and shaved, and meanwhile, the slope model is built according to the layout requirements of the sensor 22 and the strain gauge 23. And installing a water seepage hose 14, installing a tunnel reinforcement frame when the tunnel model height is reached, pouring high-strength concrete to form a tunnel model after the tunnel reinforcement frame is fixed, and then building a side slope model 13 on the periphery of the tunnel model 15 after the solidification conditions allow. And standing and curing the tunnel model 15 until the test requirement is met.
Step two: the brackets 27 to which the shower head 17, the radiating pipe 19, and the radiating pipe 20 are fixedly installed are connected with the detachable rails 21, respectively.
Step three: the model box with the model installed is fixedly installed on the top surface of the vibrating table 3, the sensor 22 and the strain gauge 23 are electrically connected with the controller, the high-speed camera 24 is fixedly installed on the ground outside the vibrating table 3, and the high-speed camera 24 is opposite to the inclined surface of the slope model 13.
Step four: and controlling the infiltration system to perform rainfall and seepage effect independent and coupling simulation.
Step five: and controlling the freeze thawing system to perform freeze thawing simulation.
Step six: the vibration table 3 is controlled to perform vibration simulation.
Step seven: and after the test is finished, closing the instrument and performing data analysis processing.
In a further optimization scheme, in the first step, the slope model 13 is built, and each layer is subjected to leveling, compacting and dehairing operations during layered paving.
In a further optimization scheme, in the first step, when the tunnel model 15 is installed, a tunnel reinforcement frame is installed, after the tunnel reinforcement frame is fixed, high-strength concrete is poured to form the tunnel model 15, and after the solidification conditions allow, the side slope model 13 at the periphery of the tunnel model 15 is built. And standing and curing the tunnel model 15 until the test requirement is met.
The working procedure of this embodiment is as follows:
the spray head 17 is firstly fixed on a bracket 27, is preferably arranged according to the mode in fig. 3, is arranged according to the interval mode of 3 and 4, is fixedly connected and communicated with the electronic main valve 8 through a PC plastic pipe 18, is fixed on a detachable track 21, and is sequentially connected with the electronic sub valve 6, the flowmeter 7 and the electronic main valve 8 through the PC plastic pipe 18 communicated with the spray head 17. The infiltration system determines the infiltration range according to local hydrogeology data and the seepage effect of rainwater, and then determines the quantity and the laying degree of depth of infiltration hose 14, is used for simulating the seepage effect of rainwater and the influence of groundwater existence on the structure, and infiltration hose 14 outwards connects another set of electronic branch valve 6, flowmeter 7 to finally with electronic main valve 8 rigid coupling and intercommunication. The electronic main valve 8 is sequentially connected with the water pump 9, the water pump 9 is communicated with the water tank 12, and the water tank 12 is placed on the ground beside the model box to form a rainfall system. In the test, the accurate control of the infiltration system can be realized through the flowmeter 7 and the electronic valve 6, the simulation of multiple rainfall conditions (light rain, medium rain and heavy rain) is realized, meanwhile, the influence of the seepage flow on the structure can be realized by adding the flowmeter 7 and the electronic valve 6 on the infiltration system, and simultaneously, the simulation of three conditions under the independent action and the coupling action of rainfall and seepage can be realized.
Secondly, the freeze thawing system mainly utilizes an electric heating device 25 and a refrigerating device 26 to heat and refrigerate the radiating pipe 19 and the radiating pipe 20 respectively, and utilizes a bracket 27 to arrange the radiating pipe 19 and the radiating pipe 20 above a model respectively, as shown in fig. 3, the preferable radiating pipe 19 and the radiating pipe 20 can be fixed with the bracket 27 by iron wires, the bracket 27 is arranged on a detachable track 21, the indication of a thermometer 28 is observed in real time, and the heating and cooling control of the model box is realized, so that the freeze thawing effect is simulated. Further, the thermometer 28 is electrically connected to the controller, and the controller can automatically perform the test.
And the flow rate of water input into the spray head 17 and the seepage hose 14 by the water pump 9 is regulated by the flowmeter 7 and the electronic valve 6, so that the simulation of rainfall effect, seepage effect and rainfall-seepage coupling effect is realized. In addition, the cooling device 26 is started, the model is frozen through the radiating pipe 20, and the cooling device 26 is closed, and the electronic heating device is started to heat the radiating pipe 19, so that the freeze-thawing simulation of the model is realized.
Finally, the vibrating table 3 is started, the vibrating table 3 is driven by three-way electrohydraulic servo driving, and artificial waves, natural waves and other dynamic load simulation earthquake actions are input to the vibrating table, so that vibration simulation of the model is realized.
In addition, the rainfall and seepage effects can be independently and simultaneously simulated in a coupling mode, the freeze thawing simulation and the vibration simulation by respectively controlling the seepage system, the freeze thawing system and the vibration table 3, and the coupling test of any two items can be performed by arrangement and combination, so that the range of the simulation test is greatly increased.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily conceivable by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a tunnel portal side slope physical simulation test device under external environment coupling effect which characterized in that includes:
a vibration table (3) for providing three-way vibration waves to the outside;
the model component is used for simulating a tunnel portal slope and comprises a model box and a model, and the model is arranged at the bottom of an inner cavity of the model box; the model box is of a cube structure with transparent side walls and an open top surface; the model box is arranged on the top surface of the vibrating table (3); a plurality of detachable rails (21) are fixedly connected to the top end of one side wall of the inner cavity of the model box; a thermometer (28) is arranged in the inner cavity of the model box;
the infiltration system is used for simulating the seepage effect of rainwater and the influence of the existence of underground water on the performance of a slope structure, and is arranged at the top end of the inner cavity of the model box and is in sliding connection with the detachable track (21);
the freeze thawing system is used for simulating the freeze thawing action in the nature; the freeze thawing system is arranged at the top end of the inner cavity of the model box and is in sliding connection with the detachable track (21);
the analysis mechanism is used for collecting data in the test process and analyzing, and is arranged on the outer side of one side surface of the model box, which is far away from the model, and is opposite to the model box.
2. The physical simulation test device for the tunnel portal slope under the coupling effect of the external environment according to claim 1, wherein: the model comprises a side slope model (13) and a tunnel model (15); the tunnel model (15) is embedded in the slope model (13).
3. The physical simulation test device for the tunnel portal slope under the coupling effect of the external environment according to claim 2, wherein: the infiltration system comprises a rainfall unit and a water seepage hose (14), and the water seepage hose (14) is arranged in the slope model (13); the rainfall unit comprises a bracket (27) and a plurality of spray heads (17), and the detachable track (21) is in sliding connection with the bracket (27); the spray heads (17) are fixedly arranged on the bracket (27), and the spray heads (17) are fixedly connected and communicated with the electronic main valve (8); the electronic main valve (8) is fixedly connected and communicated with the water pump (9); the water pump (9) is fixedly connected and communicated with the water tank (12); the water pump (9) is integrated with a speed regulator (10) and a voltage stabilizer (11) for stably outputting water flow with constant pressure; an electronic sub-valve (6) and a flowmeter (7) are connected in series between the spray head (17) and the electronic main valve (8); the water seepage hose (14) is fixedly connected and communicated with the electronic main valve (8) through the electronic sub-valve (6) and the flowmeter (7) respectively.
4. The physical simulation test device for the tunnel portal slope under the coupling effect of the external environment according to claim 3, wherein: the freeze thawing system comprises a heating unit and a refrigerating unit; the heating unit comprises a radiating pipe (19) and a bracket (27), the bracket (27) is in sliding connection with the detachable track (21), and the radiating pipe (19) is fixedly arranged on the bracket (27); the radiating pipe (19) is externally connected with an electronic heating device; the refrigerating unit comprises a distributing pipe (20), and refrigerating equipment (26) is externally connected with the distributing pipe (20); the emission tube (20) is fixedly arranged on the support (27), and the support (27) fixedly provided with the emission tube (20) is in sliding connection with the detachable track (21).
5. The physical simulation test device for the tunnel portal slope under the coupling effect of the external environment according to claim 1, wherein: the analysis mechanism comprises a strain gauge (23), a sensor (22), a high-speed camera (24), a controller and a computer (5); the strain gauges (23) are longitudinally distributed on a slope, and the strain gauges (23) are uniformly distributed along a tunnel lining pipeline; the strain gauge (23) is electrically connected with the controller, and the controller is electrically connected with the computer (5); the sensor (22) is arranged along the height of the slope, and the sensor (22) is electrically connected with the controller; the high-speed camera (24) is arranged on the outer side of one side surface, far away from the model, of the model box, and is opposite to the model box.
6. A physical simulation test method for a tunnel portal slope under the coupling action of an external environment, based on the physical simulation test device for the tunnel portal slope under the coupling action of the external environment according to any one of claims 1-5, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: laying materials with similar proportions in the model box, building a slope model (13), and synchronously laying a water seepage hose (14), a sensor (22) and a strain gauge (23) when laying the slope model in layers; installing the tunnel model (15) when the slope model (13) is paved to reach the designated design position of the tunnel model (15);
step two: the brackets (27) respectively fixedly provided with the spray heads (17), the radiating pipes (19) and the radiating pipes (20) are respectively connected with the detachable track (21);
step three: the model box with the mounted model is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the vibrating table (3), the sensor (22) and the strain gauge (23) are electrically connected with the controller, the high-speed camera (24) is fixedly arranged on the ground outside the vibrating table (3), and the high-speed camera (24) is opposite to the inclined surface of the side slope model (13);
step four: controlling a permeation system to perform rainfall and seepage effect separation and coupling simulation;
step five: controlling a freeze thawing system to perform freeze thawing simulation;
step six: controlling the vibration table (3) to perform vibration simulation;
step seven: and after the test is finished, closing the instrument and performing data analysis processing.
7. The physical simulation test method for the tunnel portal slope under the coupling effect of the external environment according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the slope model (13) is built, and each layer is subjected to leveling, compacting and dehairing operations during layered paving.
8. The physical simulation test method for the tunnel portal slope under the coupling effect of the external environment according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, when a tunnel model (15) is installed, a tunnel reinforcement frame is installed, high-strength concrete is poured to form the tunnel model (15) after the tunnel reinforcement frame is fixed, and the side slope model (13) on the periphery of the tunnel model (15) is built after the solidification conditions allow; and standing and curing the tunnel model (15) until the test requirement is met.
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