CN111680403A - Frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on thermal-acoustic coupling algorithm - Google Patents
Frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on thermal-acoustic coupling algorithm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on a thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm, which comprises a freezing construction preparation stage, wherein an indoor physical test model for freezing two holes of a water-rich sand layer is established, and a wave velocity-temperature relation curve is drawn; establishing a wave velocity-temperature nonlinear relation expression by utilizing a wave velocity-temperature relation curve; obtaining an artificial frozen soil thermal-acoustic coupling algorithm considering phase change; utilizing a thermoacoustic coupling algorithm to solve and design the average wave velocity of the frozen wall development; calculating the quantitative relation between different freezing fronts, the non-intersection distance and the calculated average wave speed; and judging and early warning the development condition of the frozen wall by comparing the actual measurement with the calculated freezing frontal surface and the distance between non-circles. And judging and early warning the abnormal development condition of the frozen wall between any two holes by using the standard, and timely processing. The method can realize 'early prediction, process monitoring and effect evaluation' of the cross-border condition of the frozen wall.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of frozen wall development condition detection. In particular to a frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on a thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm.
Background
The artificial freezing method is a special stratum reinforcing method for freezing the stratum around the structure to be built into a continuous closed frozen soil body by utilizing an artificial refrigeration technology. The construction method has the advantages of isolating underground water, increasing soil body strength, improving stability, being free of pollution and the like, and is widely applied to mine construction, subway construction, foundation pit and comprehensive pipe gallery construction. However, when the manual freezing method is applied to a water-rich sand layer with a high flow rate, phenomena such as non-ring of the frozen wall, too slow development of the frozen wall and the like often occur, and thus serious safety accidents are easily caused. Therefore, the control of the development condition of the frozen wall has important significance for the safe construction of the artificial freezing method.
At present, the detection of the development condition of the frozen wall widely applied at home and abroad comprises the following steps: the map multiplication, the empirical formula method, the numerical simulation method and the like can accurately obtain the development condition of the local frozen wall. However, the three methods are all based on real-time temperature monitoring results in the temperature measuring holes, key information such as local frost wall windowing, insufficient strength and the like is often ignored in judgment of the development condition of the frost wall at a position far away from the temperature measuring holes, and application risk of the method in a water-rich sand layer when the flow rate of underground water is greater than 5m/d is increased to a certain extent. The 'early prediction, process monitoring and effect evaluation' of the frozen wall intersection condition cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a frozen wall development condition judgment method and an early warning method based on a thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm, which can accurately judge and early warn when the flow rate of underground water is more than 5 m/d.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on a thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm comprises the following steps:
step 2, establishing a wave velocity-temperature nonlinear relation expression by using the wave velocity-temperature relation curve in the step 1;
step 4, solving and designing the average wave velocity of the frozen wall development by using a thermoacoustic coupling algorithm;
and 6, judging and early warning the development condition of the frozen wall by comparing the actual measurement with the calculated freezing frontal surface and the distance between non-circles.
The frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm is implemented in step 1
(1-1) selecting a soil sample with thermodynamic parameters same as those of soil property in field detection, performing a two-hole freezing physical model experiment indoors, and insulating heat around an experimental box by using a polyethylene material;
(1-2) the two freezing holes are respectively a freezing hole A and a freezing hole B, and the conditions of the saline flow, the saline temperature gradient, the refrigerating system, the clear water circulating system and the soil body freezing system of the freezing holes A and the freezing holes B are consistent with the field conditions;
the thickness of the freezing frontal surface from the freezing hole A or the freezing hole B is h1The non-overlapping distance between the freezing hole A and the freezing hole B is h2；
(1-3) a detection hole C and a detection hole D, which are respectively disposed at positions parallel to the freezing hole a and the freezing hole B, for ultrasonic detection;
(1-4) injecting saline water into the detection hole C and the detection hole D, and the freezing hole A and the freezing hole B, starting a test cycle, opening the sealing caps of the detection hole C and the detection hole D when the temperature of the saline water in the freezing pipe A and the freezing pipe B is-25 to-28 ℃, placing the probes on the detection hole C and the detection hole D, lowering the probes to detection positions, synchronously lifting the transmitting and receiving probes to ensure that the transmitting and receiving probes are on the same level, detecting the ultrasonic wave speeds in different freezing periods, measuring once every 1-2 hours, and then drawing a wave speed-temperature relation curve.
According to the frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm, the distance between the detection hole C and the detection hole D is smaller than 1.5m, and the distance between two adjacent measuring points is 250-600 mm.
The frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm comprises the following steps of (2):
(2-1) piecewise fitting the wave velocity-temperature change curve by using a linear function to obtain a non-linear relation expression of the wave velocity-temperature, wherein the expression is shown in formula (1):
in the formula (1), c is wave speed, km/s; t is time, h; a is1、a2、b1、b2、d1、d2Is the undetermined coefficient; t is1、T2、T3、T4The temperature inflection point in the temperature curve, DEG C;
(2-2) substituting the wave velocity c (T, T) into the formula (1) to obtain acoustic impedance fields at different freezing moments, as shown in the formula (2):
in the formula:
acoustic impedance fields for different freeze times.
The frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm comprises the following steps of (3):
the water-containing artificial frozen soil is regarded as a porous medium soil body which is composed of a soil framework, ice crystals and unfrozen water and has a plurality of acoustic impedance areas;
homogeneous isotropic aqueous artificial frozen earth can be represented by the following equation, following the heat conduction equation:
in the formula: rho is density; cpIs the equivalent volumetric heat capacity, kJ/(kg. K); t is the surface temperature, DEG C; u is the velocity vector of the node translational motion, m/s; q is the heat flux of heat conduction, W/m-2；qrHeat flux being heat radiation, W/m-2(ii) a Q is heat source, W/m-3(ii) a K is the equivalent thermal conductivity, W/(m.K); radiation heat transfer is not considered in the freezing process, so qrThe term is taken as 0; simplifying the temperature field problem of the ultrasonic detection horizon into a planar two-dimensional model, dzTaking 1 mm;
the equivalent volume of the model is divided into two parts of the phase change volume fraction from water to ice and the volume fraction of the soil framework, namely C in the formula (3)pWith density p of the phase change materialxThermal capacity CxCoefficient of thermal conductivity kxFormula (4), formula (5), formula (6) and formula (7), respectively:
Cp＝θgρgCg+θxρxCx(4)；
ρx＝θwρw+θiρi(5)；
wherein:
kx＝θwkw+θiki； (7)
in the formula: thetag、θw、θiThe volume fractions of the soil body skeleton, water and ice are respectively; rhog、ρw、ρi、ρxThe densities of the soil body skeleton, water, ice and the phase change material are kg.m-3；Cg、Cx、Cw、CiRespectively the heat capacities of the soil body framework, the phase change material, the water and the ice, kJ/(kg.K); k is a radical ofw、ki、kxThe thermal conductivity coefficients of water, ice and phase change materials are W/(m.K); wherein the phase change temperature is 0 ℃, the transition interval from water to ice is 10K, and the phase change latent heat is 333 kJ/kg;
the thermodynamic analysis formula of the artificial frozen soil considering the phase change factor is shown as formula (8):
carrying out artificial freezing thermodynamic analysis by using the formula (8) to obtain temperature fields of different freezing stages under the normal development condition of the frozen wall, namely the temperature fields in the formula (1)
The temperature field obtained by solving the formula (8) is introduced into the formula (1), c (T, T) is solved, then the formula (2) is replaced, and the solution is carried out
As an initial acoustic impedance condition for sound field analysis;
setting acoustic boundary conditions, selecting cylindrical wave radiation as a sound source excitation source, selecting single-frequency Rake wavelets as a sound source function, wherein the function expression is as follows:
wherein, when t is sound, μ s; f. of0Is the sound source center frequency, kHz; t is0Is period, μ s;
the above-mentioned acoustic impedance and sound source boundary condition wave equation can be expressed by the following formula:
in the formula: p is independent variable sound pressure, Pa; t is time, μ s; qmIs a monopole sound source 1/s2；
The sound pressure field distribution in different freezing periods can be solved by using the formula (10), namely
The frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm comprises the following steps of:
extracting sound pressure signal propagation curves at a certain time before and after freezing, comparing the time displacement tau corresponding to the peak positions of the emission signal x (t) and the receiving signal y (t), substituting the time displacement tau into a formula (11), and solving the transmission time R of the signals in the freezing wallxy(τ)；
Then, the distance S between the two detection holes and the transmission time Rxy(τ) is substituted into the formula (12) to find out the average wave velocity V of different freezing periods under the normal frozen wall development conditionp；
The frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm comprises the following steps of:
utilizing a thermal-acoustic coupling algorithm to obtain a freezing frontal surface h of any position and time of a freezing area under a normal freezing wall development condition1Distance h between non-overlapping circles2And the average wave velocity VpQuantitative relationship between them; different freezing fronts h under normal development conditions of frozen wall1Distance h between non-overlapping circles2And calculating the average wave velocity VpThe quantitative relation between the two accords with quadratic function relations (13) and (14):
in the formula, h1The distance between the freezing frontal surface and the freezing hole is mm; h is2The distance between two freezing holes without overlapping is mm; f. of1、f2、f3、g1、g2、g3Is the undetermined coefficient.
The frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm comprises the following steps of: in the field freezing project, the ultrasonic detection of the development condition of the frozen wall is divided into two detection stages: a freezing process stage and a freezing acceptance stage;
before freezing: the field freeze and test holes should be approved prior to ultrasonic testing: 1) checking whether foreign bodies are blocked in the tube and checking whether the tube body has cracks, bending or flattening conditions; 2) the pipes are basically parallel, and the non-parallelism is controlled to be less than 1 per thousand; 3) after the pipeline is installed, the upper opening is sealed to prevent foreign matters from falling into the pipeline, so that the pore channel is blocked; 4) the pipeline is 300-500 mm higher than the ground surface, and the exposed heights are ensured to be the same;
and (3) freezing process stage:
in a freezing site, a freezing hole A26, a freezing hole A27, a detection hole J1 and a temperature measurement hole T8 are arranged;
ultrasonic detection of freezing hole A26 and detecting hole J1 wave velocity v at freezing sitep1Substituted into the calculation of formula (13)Distance H of actual freezing frontal surface on site17 days/time until the frozen wall reaches the freezing boundary;
ultrasonic testing of the wave velocity v between any two freezing holes, e.g. A26 and A27, in a freezing fieldp2The detection period is the designed freezing wall circle-crossing day which is 20 +/-5 days, and the designed freezing wall circle-crossing day is substituted into the formula (14) to calculate the uncrossed distance H2
A freezing acceptance stage: synchronously lifting the transmitting and receiving probes to ensure that the transmitting and receiving probes are on the same level; recording wave velocity v of freezing hole A26 and detecting hole J1p1。
The frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm comprises the following steps of:
calculating the average wave velocity V of the frozen wall in the algorithm under the normal development conditionp1And Vp2Substituting the positions into the formulas (13) and (14) to obtain the position h of the freezing frontal surface between the two detection holes under the normal development condition of the frozen wall1The distance h of non-crossing with the freezing hole under the normal development condition of the freezing wall2(ii) a Will detect the wave velocity v in situp1And vp2Substituting the results into equations (13) and (14) to obtain the freezing front position H between the in-situ freezing hole A26 and the detection hole J11A non-looping distance H between freezing hole A26 and freezing hole A272；
Freezing frontal surface position H at the same freezing time determined by on-site actual measurement1Freezing frontal surface position h obtained by specific heat-sound coupling algorithm under normal development condition of freezing wall1When the size is more than 30%, judging that the detection area is a high risk area of frozen wall development;
aiming at designing the wave velocity v actually measured on site at a certain position within the time of the cross coil of the frozen wallp2Calculating the non-intersection distance H of the two freezing holes2Not equal to 0, and the non-coil-crossing distance h between the freezing holes at the moment under the normal development condition of the freezing wall obtained by the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm2Simultaneously detecting the non-overlapping distance H of two freezing holes at other positions on site as 02And when the detection area is approximately equal to 0, judging that the detection area is a freezing wall windowing high-risk area.
The frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm,
abnormal conditions in areas with high risk of development and "windowed" areas are:
(a) excessive seepage velocity or other geological factors;
(b) the cold quantity of the nearby freezing holes is insufficient, the freezing holes are blocked, and the flow is small;
(c) nearby freeze holes are too far deflected.
And (3) checking the possible situations item by item, and performing remediation in time, wherein the remediation measures are as follows:
if the condition (a) is found, grouting and water plugging are carried out on the high risk area in time, and seepage is reduced;
if the condition (b) is found, the cold quantity is increased in time, and foreign matters in the freezing holes are dredged;
if the condition (c) is found, measures for repairing the frozen hole or increasing the cold quantity should be taken in time.
The technical scheme of the invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the frozen wall development condition judging and early warning method based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm, a wave velocity-temperature relation expression can be obtained through ultrasonic detection results of two detection holes arranged in parallel to the freezing hole. Thereby obtaining a thermo-acoustic coupling formula. And after the excitation source is added, solving acoustic parameter curves of different freezing periods under the normal development condition to serve as the judgment standard of the development condition of the frozen wall. The calculation accuracy of the field detection hole wave velocity is within the range of 89.7% -96.97%, which shows that the wave velocity calculation result of the thermal-acoustic coupling algorithm can effectively reflect the actual ultrasonic detection condition of the engineering. The method can accurately judge and early warn the development condition of the frozen wall, particularly in a water-rich sand layer when the flow rate of underground water is more than 5m/d, can timely judge and early warn the development condition of the local frozen wall, such as the problems of windowing of the frozen wall, insufficient strength and the like in a high-risk area, has the forecasting accuracy rate of over 80 percent, reduces the application risk in the water-rich sand layer when the flow rate of the underground water is more than 5m/d, can realize the 'early forecasting, process monitoring and effect evaluation' of the ring-crossing condition of the frozen wall, and protects the driving for the construction of the freezing engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a frozen wall development model between two holes of a water-rich sand layer according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a wave velocity-temperature change curve of frozen soil in a constant temperature maintenance mode;
FIG. 3 is a plan view (partial) of a freeze hole and a detection hole;
FIG. 4 comparison of the simulation result and the actual measurement result of the test hole
FIG. 5 is a cloud diagram of temperature field distributions at different freezing moments: (a) is 24d, (b) is 42d, (c) is 60 d;
FIG. 6 is a cloud diagram of acoustic impedance field distributions at different freezing times: (a) is 24d, (b) is 42d, (c) is 60 d;
fig. 7 is a cloud image of sound field distribution at different freezing moments: (a)24d (400 μ s); (b)24d (500 μ s); (c)24d (600. mu.s); (d)60d (400 μ s); (e)60d (500. mu.s); (f)60d (600. mu.s);
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the simulation result of the inter-hole wave velocity with the actual measurement result;
FIG. 9 is a wave velocity variation curve of different freezing frontal surface positions.
Detailed Description
The frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on the thermal-acoustic coupling algorithm in the embodiment is applied to the region of 58.80m between the south station of the airport and the north station of the airport in the third line north extension section of track traffic in Guangzhou city, and the freezing method is adopted for reinforcing construction in the local curve section.
1. Background: the section from south station of the airport to north station of the airport is about 58.80m, and the local curve section is reinforced by freezing method. The thickness of the earth covering on the arch crown of the freezing section tunnel is 7.63-8.08 m, the underground water level burial depth is about 1.0m, the width of the underground excavated tunnel is 12.6m, the height of the underground excavated tunnel is 8.82m, the cross-sectional area reaches 90.273m2, and the bottom plate burial depth is about 16.0 m. In order to control frost heaving and thaw collapse as much as possible and reduce the frozen body volume, a vertical and sectional heat preservation freezing method is adopted. Wherein the fine sand layer with the buried depth of 14.0-20.1 m has large thickness and rich water quantity, and is a water-rich sand layer. The row A to the row B are designed with the hole and row spacing of 1800mm, the row C to the row D are designed with the hole and row spacing of 2250mm, and the active freezing time is designed to be 60D.
The ultrasonic sound detection holes are arranged near the freezing holes in the row A, so the freezing holes in the row A-the row C are selected for analysis in the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, due to the limitation of site construction conditions, the distance between the A row of vertical freezing holes is 1.8-1.96 m. Y6-Y11 additional freeze holes between A, B rows to prevent cold starvation. Two ultrasonic detection holes J1 and J2 are arranged near the original temperature measurement hole T8. J1-J2 measuring tube spacing 1470mm, and the vertical axis is arranged between A25-A26 freezing holes. The method aims to measure the ultrasonic wave speeds of different freezing frontal surface positions under the condition of a frozen soil temperature gradient field. In-situ ultrasonic testing was performed at different freezing periods using NM-4A non-metallic ultrasonic probes (where the J1-J2 inter-well ultrasonic measurements were only made during the active freezing period 60 d).
2. The indoor test model is established, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1-1) selecting a soil sample with thermodynamic parameters same as those of soil property in field detection, performing a two-hole freezing physical model experiment indoors, and insulating heat around an experimental box by using a polyethylene material; as shown in fig. 1;
(1-2) the two holes are respectively a freezing hole A and a freezing hole B, the conditions of the saline flow, the saline temperature gradient, the refrigerating system, the clear water circulating system and the soil body freezing system of the freezing hole A and the freezing hole B are consistent with the field condition, namely the conditions are consistent with the condition of about 58.80m in an interval from a south station to a north station of an airport in the three-line north extension section of track traffic in Guangzhou city;
the thickness of the freezing frontal surface from the freezing hole A or the freezing hole B is h1The non-overlapping distance between the freezing hole A and the freezing hole B is h2；
(1-3) a detection hole C and a detection hole D, which are respectively disposed at positions parallel to the freezing hole a and the freezing hole B, for ultrasonic detection;
(1-4) injecting saline water into the detection hole C and the detection hole D, and the freezing hole A and the freezing hole B, starting a test cycle, opening the sealing caps of the detection hole C and the detection hole D when the temperature of the saline water in the freezing pipe A and the freezing pipe B is-25 to-28 ℃, placing the probes on the detection hole C and the detection hole D, lowering the probes to detection positions, synchronously lifting the transmitting and receiving probes to ensure that the transmitting and receiving probes are on the same level, detecting the ultrasonic wave speeds in different freezing periods, measuring once every 1-2 hours, and then drawing a wave speed-temperature relation curve, as shown in figure 2. The distance between the detection hole C and the detection hole D is less than 1.5m, and the distance between two adjacent measurement points is 250-600 mm;
step 2, establishing a wave velocity-temperature nonlinear relation expression by using the wave velocity-temperature relation curve in the step 1;
and (3) piecewise fitting the wave velocity-temperature change curve of the graph 2 by using a linear function to obtain a non-linear relation expression of the wave velocity-temperature.
In the formula (1), c is wave speed, km/s; t is time, h; a is1、a2、b1、b2、d1、d2Is the undetermined coefficient; t is1、T2、T3、T4The temperature inflection point in the temperature curve, DEG C;
the wave speed-temperature nonlinear relation expression fitted by using the constant temperature curing mode frozen soil wave speed-temperature change curve in fig. 2 is shown as the following formula:
(2-2) calculation of temperature fields at different freezing stages, i.e. in equation (1)
It can be seen from fig. 4 that although the time-dependent change curves of the simulated temperature data and the measured temperature have smaller deviations in individual sections, the development trends are consistent. The temperature result calculated by considering the phase-change porous medium heat transfer algorithm can effectively reflect the actual engineering situation, and temperature field distribution cloud pictures at different freezing moments as shown in figure 5 are obtained.
Acoustic resistance at different freezing stagesField-resistant calculations, i.e. solving
As shown in figure 6 of the drawings,
substituting wave velocity c (T, T) into equation (1) to obtain acoustic impedance fields at different freezing moments, as shown in equation (2):
in the formula:
acoustic impedance fields for different freeze times.
the water-containing artificial frozen soil is regarded as a porous medium soil body which is composed of a soil framework, ice crystals and unfrozen water and has a plurality of acoustic impedance areas;
homogeneous isotropic aqueous artificial frozen earth can be represented by the following equation, following the heat conduction equation:
in the formula: rho is density; cpIs the equivalent volumetric heat capacity, kJ/(kg. K); t is the surface temperature, DEG C; u is
Therefore qrThe term is taken as 0; simplifying the temperature field problem of the ultrasonic detection horizon into a planar two-dimensional model, dzTaking 1 mm;
the equivalent volume of the model is divided into two parts of the phase change volume fraction from water to ice and the volume fraction of the soil framework, namely C in the formula (3)pWith density p of the phase change materialxThermal capacity CxCoefficient of thermal conductivity kxAre respectively represented by the formula (4),Formula (5), formula (6), and formula (7):
Cp＝θgρgCg+θxρxCx(4)；
ρx＝θwρw+θiρi(5)；
wherein:
kx＝θwkw+θiki； (7)
in the formula: thetag、θw、θiThe volume fractions of the soil body skeleton, water and ice are respectively; rhog、ρw、ρi、ρxThe densities of the soil body skeleton, water, ice and the phase change material are kg.m-3；Cg、Cx、Cw、CiRespectively the heat capacities of the soil body framework, the phase change material, the water and the ice, kJ/(kg.K); k is a radical ofw、ki、kxThe thermal conductivity coefficients of water, ice and phase change materials are W/(m.K); wherein the phase change temperature is 0 ℃, the transition interval from water to ice is 10K, and the phase change latent heat is 333 kJ/kg;
the thermodynamic analysis formula of the artificial frozen soil considering the phase change factor is shown as formula (8):
carrying out artificial freezing thermodynamic analysis by using the formula (8) to obtain temperature fields of different freezing stages under the normal development condition of the frozen wall, namely the temperature fields in the formula (1)
Temperature field introduction formula (2), (1) obtained by solving formula (8)Solving c (T, T), substituting formula (2) and solving
As an initial acoustic impedance condition for sound field analysis;
setting acoustic boundary conditions, selecting cylindrical wave radiation as a sound source excitation source, selecting single-frequency Rake wavelets as a sound source function, wherein the function expression is as follows:
wherein, when t is sound, μ s; f. of0Is the sound source center frequency, kHz; t is0Is period, μ s;
the above-mentioned acoustic impedance and sound source boundary condition wave equation can be expressed by the following formula:
in the formula: p is independent variable sound pressure, Pa; t is time, μ s; qmIs a monopole sound source 1/s2；
The sound pressure field distribution in different freezing periods can be solved by using the formula (10), namely
The sound field distribution clouds at different freezing moments are shown in fig. 7.
Step 4, solving and designing the average wave velocity of the frozen wall development by using a thermoacoustic coupling algorithm;
extracting sound pressure signal propagation curves at a certain time before and after freezing, comparing the time displacement tau corresponding to the peak positions of the emission signal x (t) and the receiving signal y (t), substituting the time displacement tau into a formula (11), and solving the transmission time R of the signals in the freezing wallxy(τ)；
Then, the distance S between the two detection holes,transit time Rxy(τ) is substituted into the formula (12) to find out the average wave velocity V of different freezing periods under the normal frozen wall development conditionp；
As shown in FIG. 8, the calculation accuracy of the J1-J2 detection hole wave velocity is within the range of 89.7% -96.97%, and the engineering precision is basically met. The wave velocity calculation result of the thermal-acoustic coupling algorithm is proved to be capable of effectively reflecting the actual ultrasonic detection condition of the engineering.
utilizing a thermal-acoustic coupling algorithm to obtain a freezing frontal surface h of any position and time of a freezing area under a normal freezing wall development condition1Distance h between non-overlapping circles2And the average wave velocity VpQuantitative relationship between them; different freezing fronts h under the condition of normal development of the regressed freezing wall1Distance h between non-overlapping circles2And calculating the average wave velocity VpThe quantitative relation between the two accords with quadratic function relations (13) and (14):
in the formula, h1The distance between the freezing frontal surface and the freezing hole is mm; h is2The distance between two freezing holes without overlapping is mm; f. of1、f2、f3、g1、g2、g3Is the undetermined coefficient.
The quantitative relations between different freezing fronts, the non-intersection distance and the calculated wave speed are calculated by using the calculation methods of the formula (13) and the formula (14) after the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm are shown as (15) and (16).
And 6, judging and early warning the development condition of the frozen wall.
A freezing process stage and a freezing acceptance stage;
before freezing: the on-site freezing holes and the inspection holes should be checked before ultrasonic inspection: 1) checking whether foreign bodies are blocked in the tube, and checking whether the tube body has cracks, bending or flattening and the like; 2) the pipes are basically parallel, and the non-parallelism is controlled to be less than 1 per thousand; 3) after the pipeline is installed, the upper opening is sealed to prevent foreign matters from falling into the pipeline, so that the pore channel is blocked; 4) the pipeline is 300-500 mm higher than the ground surface, and the exposed heights are ensured to be the same;
and (3) freezing process stage: as shown in fig. 3, for freeze hole a26 and freeze hole a27, detector hole J1 and thermometer hole T8;
ultrasonic detection of freezing hole A26 and detecting hole J1 wave velocity v at freezing sitep1Substituting into formula (13) to calculate the distance H of the actual freezing frontal surface on site17 days/time until the frozen wall reaches the freezing boundary;
ultrasonic testing of the wave velocity v between any two freezing holes, e.g. A26 and A27, in a freezing fieldp2The detection period is the designed freezing wall circle-crossing day which is 20 +/-5 days, and the designed freezing wall circle-crossing day is substituted into a formula (14) to calculate the uncrossed distance H2；
A freezing acceptance stage: synchronously lifting the transmitting and receiving probes to ensure that the transmitting and receiving probes are on the same level; recording wave velocity v of freezing hole A26 and detecting hole J1p1。
For the conditions of wave velocity abnormality and inconsistent passing time with other same-level detection results, geological reasons need to be analyzed in time, and the reasons of cavities, groundwater flow velocity and the like need to be checked, so that the purpose of early prediction is achieved. And after the detection is finished, the freezing hole end cap should be screwed in time, and the water sealing condition of the end cap gasket is checked to prevent the brine leakage. The sounding hole should also be provided with a cap to prevent foreign objects from falling into the hole.
The judgment and early warning method in the step 6 comprises the following steps:
average wave velocity V of frozen wall in algorithm under normal development conditionp1And Vp2Substituting the positions into the formulas (13) and (14) to obtain the position h of the freezing frontal surface between the two detection holes under the normal development condition of the frozen wall1The distance h of non-crossing with the freezing hole under the normal development condition of the freezing wall2(ii) a Will detect the wave velocity v in situp1And vp2Substituting the results into equations (13) and (14) to obtain the freezing front position H between the in-situ freezing hole A26 and the detection hole J11A non-looping distance H between freezing hole A26 and freezing hole A272；
Freezing frontal surface position H aiming at same freezing time judged by field actual measurement1Design freezing frontal position h1When the size is more than 30%, judging that the detection area is a high risk area of frozen wall development;
aiming at designing the wave velocity v actually measured on site at a certain position within the time of the cross coil of the frozen wallp2Calculating the non-intersection distance H of the two freezing holes2Not equal to 0, and the non-coil-crossing distance h between the freezing holes at the moment under the normal development condition of the freezing wall obtained by the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm2When the distance H is equal to 0, the two non-overlapping holes at other positions are checked in situ at the same time2And when the detection area is approximately equal to 0, judging that the detection area is a freezing wall windowing high-risk area.
Abnormal conditions in areas with high risk of development and "windowed" areas are:
(a) excessive seepage velocity or other geological factors;
(b) the cold quantity of nearby freezing holes is insufficient, the freezing holes are blocked, the flow is small and the like;
(c) nearby freeze holes are too far deflected.
And (3) checking the possible situations item by item, and performing remediation in time, wherein the remediation measures are as follows:
if the condition (a) is found, grouting and water plugging are carried out on the high risk area in time, and seepage is reduced;
if the condition (b) is found, the cold quantity is increased in time, and foreign matters in the freezing holes are dredged;
if the condition (c) is found, measures such as freezing hole compensation or cold quantity increase should be carried out in time.
The freezing frontal surface position is judged by the formula (15) as shown in figure 9, and the freezing frontal surface position H is actually measured on site1The freezing frontal surface position h with the same freezing time under the normal development condition of the frozen wall obtained by the thermal-acoustic coupling algorithm1Substantially identical. Judging that the frozen wall in the area has good development condition.
Judging the position of the freezing frontal surface by using a formula (16), and finding that the non-coiling distance H of all the freezing holes is within the design of the coiling time 24d of the freezing wall2Basically, the number of the freezing holes is 0, and the abnormal freezing phenomenon between the two freezing holes is proved to be not generated.
The construction is also smoothly and safely completed in 2019. The method is proved to be capable of accurately judging the development condition of the frozen wall, and protecting the driving of the construction of the freezing project!
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are possible which remain within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on a thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, a freezing construction preparation stage, namely establishing an indoor physical test model for freezing two holes of a water-rich sand layer, and drawing a wave velocity-temperature relation curve;
step 2, establishing a wave velocity-temperature nonlinear relation expression by using the wave velocity-temperature relation curve in the step 1;
step 3, obtaining an artificial frozen soil thermal-acoustic coupling algorithm considering phase change;
step 4, solving and designing the average wave velocity of the frozen wall development by using a thermoacoustic coupling algorithm;
step 5, calculating quantitative relations among different freezing fronts, the distances of non-intersection circles and the calculated average wave velocity;
and 6, judging and early warning the development condition of the frozen wall by comparing the actual measurement with the calculated freezing frontal surface and the distance between non-circles.
2. The method for judging and warning the development condition of the frozen wall based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1
(1-1) selecting a soil sample with thermodynamic parameters same as those of soil property on-site detection, performing a two-hole freezing physical model experiment indoors, and insulating heat around an experimental box by using a polyethylene material;
(1-2) the two freezing holes are respectively a freezing hole A and a freezing hole B, and the conditions of the saline flow, the saline temperature gradient, the refrigerating system, the clear water circulating system and the soil body freezing system of the freezing holes A and the freezing holes B are consistent with the field conditions;
the thickness of the freezing frontal surface from the freezing hole A or the freezing hole B is h1The non-overlapping distance between the freezing hole A and the freezing hole B is h2；
(1-3) a detection hole C and a detection hole D, which are respectively disposed at positions parallel to the freezing hole a and the freezing hole B, for ultrasonic detection;
(1-4) injecting saline water into the detection hole C and the detection hole D, and the freezing hole A and the freezing hole B, starting a test cycle, opening the sealing caps of the detection hole C and the detection hole D when the temperature of the saline water in the freezing pipe A and the freezing pipe B is-25 to-28 ℃, placing the probes on the detection hole C and the detection hole D, lowering the probes to detection positions, synchronously lifting the transmitting and receiving probes to ensure that the transmitting and receiving probes are on the same level, detecting the ultrasonic wave speeds in different freezing periods, measuring once every 1-2 hours, and then drawing a wave speed-temperature relation curve.
3. The method for judging and warning the development condition of the frozen wall based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm as claimed in claim 2, wherein the distance between the detection hole C and the detection hole D is less than 1.5m, and the distance between two adjacent measurement points is 250-600 mm.
4. The frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (2):
(2-1) piecewise fitting the wave velocity-temperature change curve by using a linear function to obtain a non-linear relation expression of the wave velocity-temperature, wherein the expression is shown in formula (1):
in the formula (1), c is wave speed, km/s; t is time, h; a is1、a2、b1、b2、d1、d2Is the undetermined coefficient; t is1、T2、T3、T4The temperature inflection point in the temperature curve, DEG C;
(2-2) substituting the wave velocity c (T, T) into the formula (1) to obtain acoustic impedance fields at different freezing moments, as shown in the formula (2):
in the formula:
acoustic impedance fields for different freeze times.
5. The frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (3):
the water-containing artificial frozen soil is regarded as a porous medium soil body which is composed of a soil framework, ice crystals and unfrozen water and has a plurality of acoustic impedance areas;
homogeneous isotropic aqueous artificial frozen earth can be represented by the following equation, following the heat conduction equation:
in the formula: rho is density; cpIs the equivalent volumetric heat capacity, kJ/(kg. K); t is the surface temperature, DEG C; u is the velocity vector of the node translational motion, m/s; q is the heat flux of heat conduction, W/m-2；qrHeat flux being heat radiation, W/m-2(ii) a Q is heat source, W/m-3(ii) a K is the equivalent thermal conductivity, W/(m.K); radiation heat transfer is not considered in the freezing process, so qrThe term is taken as 0; simplifying the temperature field problem of the ultrasonic detection horizon into a planar two-dimensional model, dzTaking 1 mm;
the equivalent volume of the model is divided into two parts of the phase change volume fraction from water to ice and the volume fraction of the soil framework, namely C in the formula (3)pWith density p of the phase change materialxThermal capacity CxCoefficient of thermal conductivity kxFormula (4), formula (5), formula (6) and formula (7), respectively:
Cp＝θgρgCg+θxρxCx(4)；
ρx＝θwρw+θiρi(5)；
wherein:
kx＝θwkw+θiki； (7)
in the formula: thetag、θw、θiThe volume fractions of the soil body skeleton, water and ice are respectively; rhog、ρw、ρi、ρxThe densities of the soil body skeleton, water, ice and the phase change material are kg.m-3；Cg、Cx、Cw、CiRespectively the heat capacities of the soil body framework, the phase change material, the water and the ice, kJ/(kg.K); k is a radical ofw、ki、kxThe thermal conductivity coefficients of water, ice and phase change materials are W/(m.K); in which the phase changesThe temperature is 0 ℃, the transition interval from water to ice is 10K, and the latent heat of phase change is 333 kJ/kg;
the thermodynamic analysis formula of the artificial frozen soil considering the phase change factor is shown as formula (8):
carrying out artificial freezing thermodynamic analysis by using the formula (8) to obtain temperature fields of different freezing stages under the normal development condition of the frozen wall, namely the temperature fields in the formula (1)
The temperature field obtained by solving the formula (8) is introduced into the formula (1), c (T, T) is solved, then the formula (2) is replaced, and the solution is carried out
As an initial acoustic impedance condition for sound field analysis;
setting acoustic boundary conditions, selecting cylindrical wave radiation as a sound source excitation source, selecting single-frequency Rake wavelets as a sound source function, wherein the function expression is as follows:
wherein, when t is sound, μ s; f. of0Is the sound source center frequency, kHz; t is0Is period, μ s;
the above-mentioned acoustic impedance and sound source boundary condition wave equation can be expressed by the following formula:
in the formula: p is independent variable sound pressure, Pa; t is time, μ s; qmIs a monopole sound source 1/s2；
The sound pressure field distribution in different freezing periods can be solved by using the formula (10), namely
6. The frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step 4:
extracting sound pressure signal propagation curves at a certain time before and after freezing, comparing the time displacement tau corresponding to the peak positions of the emission signal x (t) and the receiving signal y (t), substituting the time displacement tau into a formula (11), and solving the transmission time R of the signals in the freezing wallxy(τ)；
Then, the distance S between the two detection holes and the transmission time Rxy(τ) is substituted into the formula (12) to find out the average wave velocity V of different freezing periods under the normal frozen wall development conditionp；
7. The frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step 5:
the freezing frontal surface h of any position of the freezing zone under the normal freezing wall development condition is obtained by utilizing a thermal-acoustic coupling algorithm1Distance h between non-overlapping circles2And the average wave velocity VpQuantitative relationship between them; different freezing fronts h under the condition of normal development of the regressed freezing wall1Distance h between non-overlapping circles2And calculating the average wave velocity VpThe quantitative relation between the two accords with quadratic function relations (13) and (14):
in the formula, h1The distance between the freezing frontal surface and the freezing hole is mm; h is2The distance between two freezing holes without overlapping is mm; f. of1、f2、f3、g1、g2、g3Is the undetermined coefficient.
8. The frozen wall development condition judgment and early warning method based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step 6: in the field freezing project, the ultrasonic detection of the development condition of the frozen wall is divided into two detection stages: a freezing process stage and a freezing acceptance stage;
before freezing: the field frozen hole, inspection hole should be checked before ultrasonic inspection: 1) checking whether foreign bodies are blocked in the tube and checking whether the tube body has cracks, bending or flattening conditions; 2) the pipes are basically parallel, and the non-parallelism is controlled to be less than 1 per thousand; 3) after the pipeline is installed, the upper opening is sealed to prevent foreign matters from falling into the pipeline, so that the pore channel is blocked; 4) the pipeline is 300-500 mm higher than the ground surface, and the exposed heights are ensured to be the same;
and (3) freezing process stage:
in a freezing site, a freezing hole A26, a freezing hole A27, a detection hole J1 and a temperature measurement hole T8 are arranged;
ultrasonic detection of freezing hole A26 and detecting hole J1 wave velocity v at freezing sitep1Substituting into formula (13) to calculate the distance H of the actual freezing frontal surface on site17 days/time until the frozen wall reaches the freezing boundary;
ultrasonic testing of the wave velocity v between any two freezing holes, e.g. A26 and A27, in a freezing fieldp2The detection period is the designed freezing wall circle-crossing day which is 20 +/-5 days, and the designed freezing wall circle-crossing day is substituted into a formula (14) to calculate the uncrossed distance H2；
A freezing acceptance stage: synchronously lifting the transmitting and receiving probes to ensure that the transmitting and receiving probes are on the same level; recording wave velocity v of freezing hole A26 and detecting hole J1p1。
9. The method for judging and warning the development condition of the frozen wall based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm as claimed in claim 8,
the judgment and early warning method in the step 6 comprises the following steps:
average wave velocity V of frozen wall in algorithm under normal development conditionp1And Vp2Substituting the positions into the formulas (13) and (14) to obtain the position h of the freezing frontal surface between the two detection holes under the normal development condition of the frozen wall1The distance h of non-crossing with the freezing hole under the normal development condition of the freezing wall2(ii) a Will detect the wave velocity v in situp1And vp2Substituting the results into equations (13) and (14) to obtain the freezing front position H between the in-situ freezing hole A26 and the detection hole J11A non-looping distance H between freezing hole A26 and freezing hole A272；
Freezing frontal surface position H at the same freezing time determined by on-site actual measurement1Freezing frontal surface position h obtained by specific heat-sound coupling algorithm under normal development condition of freezing wall1When the size is more than 30%, judging that the detection area is a high risk area of frozen wall development;
aiming at designing the wave velocity v actually measured on site at a certain position within the time of the cross coil of the frozen wallp2Calculating the non-intersection distance H of the two freezing holes2Not equal to 0, and the non-coil-crossing distance h between the freezing holes at the moment under the normal development condition of the freezing wall obtained by the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm2Simultaneously detecting the non-overlapping distance H of two freezing holes at other positions on site as 02And when the detection area is approximately equal to 0, judging that the detection area is a freezing wall windowing high-risk area.
10. The method for judging and warning the development condition of the frozen wall based on the thermo-acoustic coupling algorithm as claimed in claim 9,
abnormal conditions in areas with high risk of development and "windowed" areas are:
(a) excessive seepage velocity or other geological factors;
(b) the cold quantity of the nearby freezing holes is insufficient, the freezing holes are blocked, and the flow is small;
(c) nearby freeze holes are too far deflected.
And (3) checking the possible situations item by item, and performing remediation in time, wherein the remediation measures are as follows:
if the condition (a) is found, grouting and water plugging are carried out on the high risk area in time, and seepage is reduced;
if the condition (b) is found, the cold quantity is increased in time, and foreign matters in the freezing holes are dredged;
if the condition (c) is found, measures for repairing the frozen hole or increasing the cold quantity should be taken in time.
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