CN104592986B - 一种葡萄糖醛酸转移酶ugt1a1的特异性荧光探针及其应用 - Google Patents
一种葡萄糖醛酸转移酶ugt1a1的特异性荧光探针及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种葡萄糖醛酸转移酶UGT1A1的特异性荧光探针及其应用,该特异性探针底物为(E)‑2‑(4‑(4‑羟基苯乙烯基)‑3‑氰基‑5,5‑二甲基呋喃‑2(5H)‑亚基)丙二腈,简写为TCF,其可用于测定生物体系中UGT1A1的酶活性。UGT1A1酶活性测定的流程如下:选择TCF酸类葡萄糖醛酸化反应为探针反应,通过定量检测单位时间内葡萄糖醛酸化代谢产物的生成量来测定各生物样品、细胞、载体及整体器官中UGT1A1酶的活性。本发明可用于不同种属、不同个体来源生物样本中UGT1A1酶活性的定量评估,以及不同来源的动物组织细胞培养液及细胞制备物中UGT1A1酶活性的定量测定,以期实现对重要药物代谢酶UGT1A1处置药物能力的评估。此外,借助该探针反应还可用于体外快速筛选UGT1A1的抑制剂并评估其抑制能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,具体涉及一种葡萄糖醛酸转移酶UGT1A1的特异性荧光探针底物及其应用。
背景技术
葡萄糖醛酸转移酶(Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase,UGT)超家族是机体内最重要的Ⅱ相药物代谢酶,以SN2反应机制催化亲脂性化合物与辅因子尿苷二磷酸葡糖醛酸(UDPGA)的葡萄糖醛酸(GA)结合,从而增加底物的亲水性,使其能更有效地从尿或胆汁中排出体外。通常UGT酶介导的葡萄糖醛酸结合反应是机体的一个重要的解毒过程。许多内源性化合物,诱变剂,药物,以及它们的代谢产物都是UGTs的底物,如内源性物质,如胆红素和雌二醇,以及外源性物质SN-38和亚硝胺类化合物的脱毒都通过葡萄糖醛酸化途径来实现。
人体的UGT酶可以分为4个家族:UGT1,UGT2,UGT3和UGT8。其中UGT1和UGT2家族各成员在内源性及外源性物质代谢中发挥了重要作用。目前,已被鉴定的人源UGT亚型有18个,其中包括UGT1A中的9个(UGT1A1,1A3,1A4,1A5,1A6,1A7,1A8,1A9,1A10)以及UGT2B中的7个亚型(UGT2B4,2B7,2B10,2B15和2B17)。值得注意的是,UGT1A1,1A4,1A6,1A9在人肝脏中都有中等程度的表达,但UGT1A3在人肝脏中表达量极低,同时UGT1A7,UGT1A8及UGT1A10仅在人肠道中表达。
UGT1A1是催化毒性内源性物质胆红素葡萄糖醛酸化的酶,它介导的葡萄糖醛酸化反应是胆红素排出体外的必须步骤,和人体健康的关系最为密切。已有国内外大量研究证实UGT1A1的基因突变使得胆红素葡萄糖醛酸化的能力全部或部分的缺失进而影响胆红素的代谢,从而导致严重的高胆红素血症如Crigler-Najjar综合症和Gilbert's综合症(Annu.Rev.Pharmacol.Toxicol.2000.40:581-616)。同时UGT1A1也是多种临床药物,如Etoposide、SN-38(抗癌药物伊立替康的活性代谢产物)的主要代谢酶,且UGT1A1的活性缺失已被证实和伊立替康的毒性相关(J.Clin.Oncol.2006.24:4534-8)。因此,开展UGT1A1酶活性的个体差异研究对于临床个性化安全用药有着重要意义。此外,部分临床药物会抑制UGT1A1,从而减少机体对胆红素的代谢清除能力,引起血液中胆红素的上升,进而导致高胆红素血症或加剧Crigler-Najjar综合症和Gilbert's综合症患者的病情。目前国内外制药巨头在药物开发过程中,需要在体外评估各候选新药抑制UGT1A1的能力。因此,开发高效、灵敏的特异性UGT1A1探针底物对于高效筛选UGT1A1抑制剂,及定量测定生物体系内UGT1A1的活性至关重要。
由于UGT1A亚家族中的各亚型具有相似的氨基酸序列,其底物通常相互交叠,各亚型酶鲜有特异性的底物。目前,已报道的UGT1A1的探针底物有3个,分别是胆红素、雌二醇和依托泊甙。虽然胆红素的单酶选择性较高,但其化学稳定性差、检测灵敏度低。而雌二醇和依托泊甙的单酶选择性并不高且需借助LC-MS/MS等昂贵分析仪器才能实现产物的定量分析。因此,开发选择性高的UGT1A1的特异性荧光探针底物及其配套的高通量检测方法具有重要的实用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种葡萄糖醛酸转移酶UGT1A1的特异性荧光探针及其应用,该特异性荧光探针底物和葡萄糖醛酸化产物的荧光属性有明显差异。利用该探针反应可对多种生物体系中UGT1A1的分布和功能进行定量评价。
本发明提供了一种葡萄糖醛酸转移酶UGT1A1的特异性荧光探针底物,该底物为(E)-2-(4-(4-羟基苯乙烯基)-3-氰基-5,5-二甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚基)丙二腈,简写为TCF。
本发明还提供了所述葡萄糖醛酸转移酶UGT1A1的特异性荧光探针底物的应用,采用上述式(1)化合物作为UGT1A1亚酶的特异性底物,进行葡萄糖醛酸化结合反应,通过定量检测单位时间内的底物消除率或其葡萄糖醛酸化产物的生成率来定量测定不同生物体系(包括重组表达UGT1A1单酶、人或动物组织制备液、各类组织细胞等生物体系)中UGT1A1的活性;具体测定方法为:
——体系中以TCF作为特异性探针底物;底物浓度选择1/10~10Km;单点测定时底物浓度优选Km。
——在Tris-HCl缓冲液中,反应温度为20℃至60℃之间,优选37℃为最优反应时间;孵育体系pH介于5.5~10.5之间,优选pH7.4为最优反应pH值;
——反应时间为0~140分钟,确保以上底物相应的葡萄糖醛酸化产物达到定量限且底物转化率不超过20%时终止反应;
——测定单位时间内底物减少量或葡萄糖醛酸化产物生成量作为UGT1A1活性的评价指标。
本发明提供的葡萄糖醛酸转移酶UGT1A1的特异性荧光探针底物的应用,该探针底物及其葡萄糖醛酸化产物具有不同的光学属性,可采用荧光检测器同时实现底物及产物的快速、灵敏检测;葡萄糖醛酸化产物及底物荧光检测条件分别为:激发波长460nm,最大发射波长为612nm。
该特异性探针底物为较长发射波长荧光探针,其在UGT1A1活性检测过程不易受生物体系基质及杂质的干扰,可用于各种重组UGT1A1、人及动物组织制备液及各类组织细胞中UGT1A1酶活性的定量测定;同时也可作为载体及动物整体UGT1A1的探针底物,评估胆红素代谢酶UGT1A1的个体及种属差异。该探针底物及葡萄糖醛酸化代谢产物的荧光检测方法还可用于UGT1A1抑制剂的快速筛选及抑制能力的定量评价。
作为高特异性的葡萄糖醛酸UGT1A1单酶的荧光探针底物,该化合物可以用来检测UGT1A1的活性,尤其适合用于对细菌、昆虫细胞、哺乳动物细胞以及酵母菌克隆表达体系产生的UGT1A1的酶活性测定,以及多种哺乳动物组织器官来源的微粒体、S-9等制备物中UGT1A1的活性标定。
选用本发明所述葡萄糖醛酸UGT1A1单酶的特异性探针底物检测葡萄糖醛酸UGT1A1单酶体外活性具有以下突出优势:
(1)高特异性:TCF可被葡萄糖醛酸UGT1A1单酶高特异性代谢成一个代谢产物,即羟基的葡萄糖醛酸化产物。
(2)廉价易得:TCF可经化学合成获得,合成工艺简单易行,荧光方法检测成本低。
(3)高灵敏度:TCF具有较长的荧光发射波长,可以较好的减弱生物背景荧光的干扰。
附图说明
图1人重组UGT单酶筛选实验结果;
图2人肝微粒体中的抑制实验结果;
图3产物生成量的线性孵育时间考察实验;
图4人肝微粒体中的动力学实验;
图5底物的代谢通路;
图6TCF的化学合成方法。
图7为一种葡萄糖醛酸转移酶UGT1A1的特异性荧光探针的底物结构式
具体实施方式
实施例1.体外测定人重组UGT单酶的选择性
(1)预先准备95μL UGT代谢反应体系,包括pH 7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲液(50mM)、重组人UGT各单酶(0.1mg/mL),底物终浓度为100μM,于37℃条件下震荡预孵3分钟;
(2)向反应体系中加入5μL浓度为40mM(终浓度2mM)的UDPGA起始反应;
(3)60分钟后,加入100μL冰乙腈,剧烈震荡后,终止反应;
(4)用高速冷冻离心机在4℃、20,000×g的条件下,高速离心20分钟后,取上清液,进行荧光检测(Ex=460nm,Em=612nm);重组人UGT1A1酶的选择性最高约是其它单酶的8倍左右(图1)。
实施例2.体外人肝微粒体中UGT1A1的抑制实验
(1)预先准备190μL人肝微粒体和UGT1A1代谢反应体系,包括pH 7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲液(50mM)、人肝微粒体(0.25mg/mL)、UGT1A1(0.1mg/mL),底物终浓度为10μM,分别加入浓度为10μM的尼氟灭酸,10μM的尼洛替尼和500μM的氟康唑于37℃条件下震荡预孵3分钟;
(2)向反应体系中加入10μL浓度为40mM的UDPGA起始反应;
(3)30分钟后,加入200μL冰乙腈,剧烈震荡后,终止反应;
(4)用高速冷冻离心机在4℃、20,000×g的条件下,高速离心20分钟后,取上清液,进行荧光检测(Ex=460nm,Em=612nm);各抑制剂对其代谢的抑制结果如图2。
实施例3 重组单酶UGT1A1中的线性孵育时间
(1)预先准备95μL UGT代谢反应体系,包括pH 7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲液(50mM)、重组人UGT1A1单酶(0.1mg/mL),底物终浓度为10μM,于37℃条件下震荡预孵3分钟;
(2)向反应体系中加入5μL终浓度为40mM(终浓度2mM)的UDPGA起始反应;
(3)每隔15分钟进行一次荧光扫描检测(Ex=460nm,Em=610nm);计算重组人UGT1A1酶的线性反应时间(见图3)。
实施例4 体外定量测定人肝微粒体中UGT1A1的酶活
(1)预先准备95μL UGT代谢反应体系,包括pH 7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲液(50mM)、人肝微粒体(0.5mg/mL),不同浓度底物,于37℃条件下震荡预孵3分钟;
(2)向反应体系中加入5μL终浓度为为40mM(终浓度2mM)的UDPGA起始反应;
(3)30分钟后,加入100μL冰乙腈,剧烈震荡后,终止反应;
(4)进行荧光检测(Ex=460nm,Em=612nm);计算人肝微粒体对该探针化合物的最大催化速率为10.3±1.7nmol/min/mg。(见图4)
实施例5 TCF的化学合成方法
将3-氰基-2-二氰基甲烯基-4,5,5-三甲基-2,5-二氢呋喃(199mg,1mmol)与对羟基苯甲醛(146.4mg,1.2mmol)加入到10mL四氢呋喃中,加入乙酸铵(115.5mg,1.5mmol),常温搅拌24h,去除溶液,残余固体以二氯甲烷:甲醇=20:1(V/V)作为洗脱液进行柱层析,得到212mg暗红色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ10.62(s,1H),7.91(d,J=16.3Hz,1H),7.81(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.02(d,J=16.3Hz,1H),6.90(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),1.78(s,6H)。(见图6)。
Claims (4)
1.一种葡萄糖醛酸转移酶UGT1A1的特异性荧光探针的应用,其特征在于:该探针底物可被UGT1A1特异性催化生成相应的O-葡萄糖醛酸化产物,其结构式如式(1)所示,该底物为(E)-2-(4-(4-羟基苯乙烯基)-3-氰基-5,5-二甲基呋喃-2(5H)-亚基)丙二腈,简写为TCF,
采用上述式(1)化合物作为UGT1A1亚酶的特异性底物,进行水解反应,通过定量检测单位时间内的底物消除率或其葡萄糖醛酸化产物的生成率来定量测定不同生物体系中UGT1A1的活性;
所述底物浓度介于1/10~10Km之间,所述底物与UGT1A1特异性催化反应体系pH介于5.5~10.5之间,反应温度介于20~60℃之间;
所述底物消除率或产物的生成率低于20%;
所述的生物体系为重组表达UGT1A1单酶、人或动物组织制备液、各类组织细胞。
2.根据权利要求1所述葡萄糖醛酸转移酶UGT1A1的特异性荧光探针的应用,其特征在于:该探针底物具有荧光,可采用荧光检测器实现底物荧光变化的快速、灵敏检测;葡萄糖醛酸化底物荧光检测条件分别为:激发波长460nm,最大发射波长为612nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述葡萄糖醛酸转移酶UGT1A1的特异性荧光探针的应用,其特征在于:该探针底物还可用于UGT1A1抑制剂的快速筛选及抑制能力的定量评价。
4.根据权利要求1所述葡萄糖醛酸转移酶UGT1A1的特异性荧光探针的应用,其特征在于:该探针底物也可作为载体及动物整体UGT1A1的探针底物,评估胆红素代谢酶UGT1A1的个体及种属差异。
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