CN104541989A - Industrial fast cultivation method of edible mushrooms - Google Patents
Industrial fast cultivation method of edible mushrooms Download PDFInfo
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- CN104541989A CN104541989A CN201510055132.9A CN201510055132A CN104541989A CN 104541989 A CN104541989 A CN 104541989A CN 201510055132 A CN201510055132 A CN 201510055132A CN 104541989 A CN104541989 A CN 104541989A
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- culture medium
- edible mushroom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
Abstract
The invention discloses an industrial fast cultivation method of edible mushrooms. The method comprises the following steps: (a) preparing a planting culture medium; (b) putting the culture medium prepared in the step (a) on a conveying belt, and enabling the culture medium to sequentially pass through a high-temperature sterilization system and a cooling system; (c) hypha inoculation: feeding the cooled culture medium into a hypha inoculation system for inoculation; (d) bagging to form a mushroom stick; and (e) delivering the mushroom stick into a closed fruiting house, and cultivating the edible mushrooms. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the planting culture medium is prepared firstly, then high-temperature sterilization and cooling to normal temperature are sequentially performed on the conveying belt, and hypha liquid is injected to be mixed with the planting culture medium before automatic bagging; in the process, artificial operation is avoided, and an injector is not required for injecting the hypha liquid; and therefore, the defect of secondary pollution of the existing planting cultivation method is thoroughly solved, the survival rate and qualified rate of planting are greatly improved, and the production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation field of a kind of edible mushroom, specifically refer to the batch production fast breeding method of a kind of edible mushroom.
Background technology
China's domestic fungus resource enriches, and is also one of country of culturing edible fungus the earliest.The record of existing artificial cultivation auricularia auriculajudae before more than 1100 year.At least before more than 800 years, the cultivation of mushroom starts in the west and south, Zhejiang.Straw mushroom is then first started cultivation at Guangdong, Fujian one band before more than 200 year.These technology spread so far always.
Since the eighties initial stage, investment is little, the cycle is short, the project of having got rich of instant effect is able to fast development in China as one for edible fungus culturing, and once once supply falls short of demand for edible fungus, and selling price is high.To be a short, adaptable and fast rural economic development project edible mushroom integrating economic benefit, ecological benefits and social benefit be again mushroom industry that a class is organic, nutrition, health care green foods development mushroom industry to meet the needs that people consume growth and agricultural sustainable development are effective ways that peasant gets rich fast.
In recent decades, people have been familiar with the growth rhythm of edible mushroom gradually, improve ancient dependence spore, the mode of production of mycelia natural propagation.The mycelia of artificial cultivation cultivated species, accelerates the reproduction speed of edible mushroom and obtains the possibility of high yield.Some country has also built up the factory of more than the fresh mushroom kiloton of annual output.Nineteen fifty, culturing edible fungus about 5 class of whole world larger area, output about 70,000 tons, the country of some production mushrooms of West Europe, the average yield of every square metre of area under cultivation is about about 2000 grams.By 1980, cultivation kind was more than 12 classes, and output about 1,210,000 tons, the output of every square metre, country had have brought up to 27 kilograms.In recent years, there have been developed not only for the technology of viewing and admiring but also planting for the family of food mushroom and mycelium liquid fermenting and producing food additives.The edible mushroom that China extensively cultivates has 7 classes such as mushroom, mushroom, straw mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae, white fungus, flat mushroom, sliding mushroom, nineteen eighty-two gross yield about 150,000 tons, grasping seed selection improved seeds, improving on the basis of the production of hybrid seeds and culture technique, the development speed of edible mushroom improves just rapidly.Scientists foretell, 21 century edible mushroom will develop into one of main protein food of the mankind.
The gross yield of China edible mushroom in 2005 reaches 1,200 ten thousand tons, ranks first in the world, and mushroom industry has become an important industry in China's plant husbandry.Although the country that to be edible mushroom output maximum of China, year pre-capita consumption quantity not sufficient 0.5 kilogram, U.S.'s year is 1.5 kilograms per capita, and this year day is 3 kilograms per capita, and whole nation year consumption per head is compared with some countries of the world, and gap is larger.According to the data that customs provides, calendar year 2001,2002,2003, Edible fungi exportation amount was respectively 47.6 ten thousand tons, 380,000 tons, 430,000 tons, exchange and be respectively 600,000,000 dollars, 4.6 hundred million dollars, 6.2 hundred million dollars, export volume and total amount phase Bizet are close to 1/20th, external edible mushroom consumption per head annual just with 1 13 speed increase, have large space, overseas market can for developing.In China, ground edible mushroom consumption per head is less than 1/10th of Hong Kong, and therefore domestic market has a high potential.Investigation is had to show; The annual edible mushroom output in Beijing is 150,000 tons, calculates, can only have the edible mushroom of about 10 kilograms for each person every year, can not meet the demand of people far away by stationary population 1,500 ten thousand people.Affect by this global financial crisis, so more propaganda strength and industrial integration will be strengthened to domestic market, expand the consumer group, improve total quantity consumed, with pulling system; Be improve product each coat mass to international market key, asked and increased international market possession share.
But usually there is following defect in current breed of edible fungus: there is cooling, may secondary pollution medium after sterilizing; Production cycle is long, inefficient low output.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the batch production fast breeding method of a kind of edible mushroom, solve the easy secondary pollution that current Edible Fungi technology exists, the problem that production efficiency is low.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A batch production fast breeding method for edible mushroom, comprises the following steps:
(a) preparation plantation medium;
B medium obtained for step (a) is put on a moving belt by (), and successively by high-temperature sterilization system, cooling system;
(c) mycelium inoculation: cooled medium enters into mycelium inoculation system and inoculates;
D () pack forms bacterium rod;
E bacterium rod is sent into closed mushroom room by (), cultivate edible mushroom.
The present inventor finds in the research process of prior art, current Edible Fungi mainly contains Three models: traditional peasant household production model, Company+Peasant Household production model, and factorial praluction pattern, no matter adopt which kind of pattern, its production technology is all such: female kind carries out autoclaving, inoculation, screening purification obtains source and begins to plant, then determine to carry out turning Guan Kuojie after female kind through pilot scale, store, pedigree seed culture medium prepares laggard horizontal high voltage sterilizing, original seed is obtained after inoculated and cultured, using original seed as the mycelia provenance of producing, need to carry out high pressure or normal-pressure sterilization after the preparation of preparation Cultivar culture medium, after pack, tubular type syringe is utilized to be injected into by original seed in packed plantation medium, in such process, cause there is contaminated possibility due to artificial employing tubular type syringe, although each operation all can carry out disinfection to syringe, but the possibility of secondary pollution exists always, in order to address this problem, applicant has carried out a large amount of experiments and theory analysis to existing technology, obtain the technical scheme of the application, the preparation of planting medium is first carried out in creationary proposition, then on transport tape, carry out high-temperature sterilization successively and cool the mode returning to normal temperature, and first injection mycelia liquid mixes with plantation medium, then the pack of automation is carried out, in such process, there is no artificial operation, the injection of mycelia liquid is carried out without syringe, thoroughly solve the defect of the secondary pollution that current plantation breeding method exists, substantially increase survival rate and the qualification rate of plantation, improve production efficiency.
In described mycelium inoculation, the weight ratio of medium and mycelia liquid is 1:0.8 ~ 1.2.In breed of edible fungus process for many years, applicant has found the reason causing the Edible Fungi cycle long in prior art: under normal circumstances, plantation peasant household and technical staff think, the cultivation of edible mushroom and the cultivating process of common plant similar: the root of plant and the growth of plant are mutual, that is, usual technical staff thinks: the cultivating process of edible mushroom is also that companion is thought in the growth of mycelia and the growth of mushroom, and along with the emerging of mushroom, grow up, the length of mycelia is in increase, understanding so just, the production cycle that result in edible mushroom is longer, applicant has found that current understanding is actually and there is mistake: the growth of mushroom is actually carries out after the growth of mycelia, in certain spatial dimension, when the abundance of mycelia does not reach an amount value of kind self time, the growth of mycelia can be carried out always, when the length summation of mycelia and the ratio of volume reach certain value time, just to emerge mushroom, be commonly called as fruiting, according to different edible mushroom kinds, this ratio value can be different, but the process of growth is similar, according to such discovery, applicant improves technical scheme of the present invention, the weight ratio adopting medium and mycelia liquid is 1:0.8 ~ 1.2, greatly improve in medium, the quantity of mycelia, thus shorten the time of growth mycelia, shorten the time of fruiting, the edible fungus variety of identical type, in prior art, the weight of one bag of plantation medium is about 1kg, and the injection volume of liquid mycelia only has 3-5ml, the time of its fruiting is about 30-50 days, and adopt technical scheme of the present invention, the fruiting time of bacterium rod only has 5-7 days, in identical mushroom room, in 1 year, fruiting amount can be increased to 6-10 doubly in terms of existing technologies, greatly carry and shorten the production cycle, high production efficiency, achieve unexpected technique effect.
The weight ratio of described medium and mycelia liquid is 1:1.Preferred ratio is 1:1.
In described mycelium inoculation, six hypha fermentation tanks are adopted to carry out operation by turns.Applicant finds, current hypha fermentation tank, its fermentation period is about 5 days, mycelia just can reach capacity, and for this reason, adopts six hypha fermentation tanks to carry out operation by turns, the batch production batch production that minimum equipment can be utilized to carry out going round and beginning again, the availability in raising equipment, house, reduces vacancy rate, has significant economic benefit and social benefit.
Described hypha fermentation tank is positioned at above conveyer belt, is mycelia liquid discharging opening bottom it.Adopt the hypha fermentation tank automatically controlled, be located at above conveyer belt, just can realize the batch mixing of automation, plantation medium and mycelia liquid are mixed, be convenient to automatic packer and pack into bacterium rod, mushroom room sent into by bacterium rod, directly carries out expediting the emergence of fruiting.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following advantage and beneficial effect:
The batch production fast breeding method of a kind of edible mushroom of 1 the present invention, the preparation of planting medium is first carried out in creationary proposition, then on transport tape, carry out high-temperature sterilization successively and cool the mode returning to normal temperature, and first injection mycelia liquid mixes with plantation medium, then the pack of automation is carried out, in such process, there is no artificial operation, the injection of mycelia liquid is carried out without syringe, thoroughly solve the defect of the secondary pollution that current plantation breeding method exists, substantially increase survival rate and the qualification rate of plantation, improve production efficiency;
The batch production fast breeding method of a kind of edible mushroom of 2 the present invention, the weight ratio adopting medium and mycelia liquid is 1:0.8 ~ 1.2, greatly improve in medium, the quantity of mycelia, thus shorten the time of growth mycelia, shorten the time of fruiting, the edible fungus variety of identical type, in prior art, the weight of one bag of plantation medium is about 1kg, and the injection volume of liquid mycelia only has 3-5ml, the time of its fruiting is about 30-50 days, and adopt technical scheme of the present invention, the fruiting time of bacterium rod only has 5-7 days, in identical mushroom room, in 1 year, fruiting amount can be increased to 6-10 doubly in terms of existing technologies, greatly carry and shorten the production cycle, high production efficiency, achieve unexpected technique effect,
The batch production fast breeding method of a kind of edible mushroom of 3 the present invention, six hypha fermentation tanks are adopted to carry out operation by turns, the batch production batch production that minimum equipment can be utilized to carry out going round and beginning again, the availability in raising equipment, house, reduce vacancy rate, there is significant economic benefit and social benefit.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment of the present invention and explanation thereof are only for explaining the present invention, not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment
In the theory and experimentation of technical solution of the present invention, applicant has done comparative trial, cultivates Xingbao mushroom according to the batch production fast breeding method of a kind of edible mushroom of the present invention,
(a) preparation plantation medium 2000kg;
B medium obtained for step (a) is put on a moving belt by (), the speed of conveyer belt is 0.2 meter per second, and successively by high-temperature sterilization system, cooling system, the temperature of high-temperature sterilization is 121 DEG C, and sterilization time is 15-20 minute, is then cooled to 15-20 DEG C; Conveyer belt adopts point operation control, and after entering a system, conveyer belt is out of service, and after completing sterilizing or cooling action, conveyer belt, being driven into next unit, stops again;
(c) mycelium inoculation: cooled medium enters into mycelium inoculation system and inoculates; During inoculation, the weight ratio of medium and mycelia liquid is 0.8:1,1:1,1.2:1;
D () pack forms bacterium rod; Utilize existing automation sack filling machine the medium mixed and mycelia liquid to be packed, weight is every bag of 0.4kg;
E bacterium rod is sent into closed mushroom room by (), cultivate edible mushroom.
Contrast experiment utilizes prior art manually to carry out the inoculation of tubular type syringe with the plantation medium of identical weight, then sends into mushroom room; Method of the present invention and comparative trial all adopt the strict regulation and control of temperature, humidity, intensity of illumination, light application time, obtain following data:
Can draw from the data of check experiment: the culturing method for edible mushrooms of technical scheme, in terms of existing technologies, substantially increase the cultivating rate of bacterium rod, and substantially reduce the time that mushroom room urges mushroom, the single cropping production cycle of edible mushroom is shortened greatly, and the output capacity of single cropping improves, simultaneously annual production batch increases, the High-efficient Production achieving batch production is cultivated, and has economic worth and social value widely.
Above-described embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; the protection domain be not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a batch production fast breeding method for edible mushroom, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(a) preparation plantation medium;
B medium obtained for step (a) is put on a moving belt by (), and successively by high-temperature sterilization system, cooling system;
(c) mycelium inoculation: cooled medium enters into mycelium inoculation system and inoculates;
D () pack forms bacterium rod;
E bacterium rod is sent into closed mushroom room by (), cultivate edible mushroom.
2. the batch production fast breeding method of a kind of edible mushroom according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described (c) mycelium inoculation, and the weight ratio of medium and mycelia liquid is 1:0.8 ~ 1.2.
3. the batch production fast breeding method of a kind of edible mushroom according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the weight ratio of described medium and mycelia liquid is 1:1.
4. the batch production fast breeding method of a kind of edible mushroom as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that: in described (c) mycelium inoculation, adopts six hypha fermentation tanks to carry out operation by turns.
5. the batch production fast breeding method of a kind of edible mushroom according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described hypha fermentation tank is positioned at above conveyer belt, is mycelia liquid discharging opening bottom it.
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| CN201510055132.9A CN104541989A (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2015-02-03 | Industrial fast cultivation method of edible mushrooms |
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| CN201510055132.9A CN104541989A (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2015-02-03 | Industrial fast cultivation method of edible mushrooms |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101258815A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2008-09-10 | 赵建荣 | Edible mushroom cultivated species stick type manufacturing method |
| CN201398441Y (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2010-02-10 | 朱金华 | Continuous fermentation device for solid materials of biological feed and biological fertilizer |
| CN201630047U (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2010-11-17 | 王军 | Integrated edible mushroom production device |
| CN101911898A (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2010-12-15 | 朱金华 | Method for factory production of edible fungi |
| CN102239784A (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2011-11-16 | 重庆良酩科技发展有限公司 | Microorganism production process |
| CN103081718A (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-08 | 吉林省辉南长龙生化药业股份有限公司 | Industrialized production method of edible mushrooms and yuan mushrooms |
-
2015
- 2015-02-03 CN CN201510055132.9A patent/CN104541989A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101258815A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2008-09-10 | 赵建荣 | Edible mushroom cultivated species stick type manufacturing method |
| CN201398441Y (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2010-02-10 | 朱金华 | Continuous fermentation device for solid materials of biological feed and biological fertilizer |
| CN201630047U (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2010-11-17 | 王军 | Integrated edible mushroom production device |
| CN101911898A (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2010-12-15 | 朱金华 | Method for factory production of edible fungi |
| CN102239784A (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2011-11-16 | 重庆良酩科技发展有限公司 | Microorganism production process |
| CN103081718A (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-08 | 吉林省辉南长龙生化药业股份有限公司 | Industrialized production method of edible mushrooms and yuan mushrooms |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 胡四新: "接种量小议", 《中国食用菌》 * |
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