The method of pottery 3D printing shaping
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of ceramic 3D printing shaping.
Background technology
Ceramic material has excellent mechanical property (high strength, high rigidity, high-wearing feature), thermal property (high temperature resistant, low thermal coefficient of expansion and thermal shock resistance) and chemical stability, is widely used in the industrial circles such as petrochemical industry, Ferrous Metallurgy, mechano-electronic, Aero-Space, energy environment protection, nuclear energy, automobile, high temperature kiln.Current ceramic forming material method mainly contains: extruded, injection moulding, isostatic compaction, flow casting molding etc., when these techniques prepare component, the mould of respective shapes need be had according to the shape preparation of component, if the structure of component slightly changes, just need again to prepare mould or need to carry out machining to sample, thus increase preparation cost.And being subject to the restriction of mould, these techniques are applicable to the goods preparing simple shape.Along with industrial expansion, these conventional molding process can not meet the requirement of some special dimension.Rapid shaping technique (RP) is a kind of novel forming technology fast-developing in recent years, this technology utilization computer CAD Software for Design component, discrete and the numerical control molding system by software hierarchy, utilize the mode such as laser beam, hot melt nozzle that the special materials such as metal dust, ceramic powders, plastics, histocyte are successively piled up bonding, final superposition is shaping, produces entity products.This technique, compared with traditional molding methods, has following characteristics: (1) can prepare complex-shaped goods; (2) participate in without the need to any mould or model in forming process, make process more integrated, the manufacturing cycle shortens, and production efficiency is high; (3) formed body geometry and size change at any time by software processing system, without the need to waiting for manufacturing and designing of mould, greatly shorten the new product development time; (4) advantages such as the small electronic ceramics goods of structure can be prepared.Therefore, rapid shaping technique is paid close attention to widely in recent years.
Current rapid shaping technique mainly contains stereolithography technology (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), layer separated growth (LOM), 3 D-printing (3DP) etc.The existing report about ceramic material rapid shaping at present, " a kind of quick manufacturing process of complicated ceramic part " as patent No. CN101391896A adopts and ceramic powders and liquid photosensitive resin Homogeneous phase mixing is prepared ceramic size, in Stereolithography machine, then enters rapid shaping prepare biscuit of ceramics (SLA).Low-temperature reinforcement agent mixes with ceramic powder by patent No. CN101890480 " a kind of ceramic core quick forming fabri-cation method ", obtain the ceramic post sintering powder for SLS rapid shaping, carry out SLS rapid shaping with ceramic post sintering powder and obtain ceramic core green compact, and front pretreatment is strengthened to green compact, degreasing, pre-burning, sintering obtain ceramic core (SLS).Patent No. CN101391896A " a kind of quick manufacturing process of complicated ceramic part " is to scribble the ceramic membrane of high polymer binder for raw material, the ceramic part just base of shaped three dimensional on rapid prototyping system is manufactured at lamella material's layer, isostatic cool pressing process is carried out after just base is covered with jacket by ceramic part, finally carry out degreasing, sintering, post processing, obtain ceramic part (LOM).On rapidform machine, a heating container with controlled heating system is made in patent No. CN1368386A " composite manufacturing method based on the Artificial bioactive bone bone of rapid shaping ", the material that container bottom opens a 0.2mm extrudes hole, emulsification sugar is added pressurizing vessel and realizes Layered manufacturing, obtain emulsification sugar artificial bone transoid (3DP).
Stereolithography technology (SLA) prepares ceramic material because liquid photosensitive resin cost used is high, selectable range is little, resin has certain toxicity, apparatus expensive etc. and is not used widely; Existing selective laser sintering (SLS), 3 D-printing (3DP) are prepared ceramic material to there is between ceramic powder particle spacing large, and green density is low, cannot be densified in high-temperature sintering process, the affected problem of ceramic performance; To ceramic substrate, layer separated growth (LOM) technology requires that difficulty removed by high, redundance material.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, overcome the shortcoming of above prior art: provide that a kind of technique is simple, equipment cost is low, the spacing of powder particle in ceramic size can be reduced in extrusion, density is high, and be not subject to the restriction of ceramic particle kind and part shape, the method for the ceramic 3D printing shaping of the ceramic of the various ceramic material of applicable preparation, various complicated shape.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of method of ceramic 3D printing shaping, comprises the following steps:
(1) data model translation is STL formatted file by the threedimensional model of establishing target part;
(2) by the delamination software of rapidform machine, layered shaping is carried out to STL formatted file, then individual-layer data is imported in fabrication schedule;
(3) ceramic powders, deionized water, dispersant, defoamer and curing agent are mixed also ball milling 1 ~ 8h; Then the slurry after ball milling is carried out in froth in vacuum machine froth in vacuum 10 ~ 60min and be prepared into ceramic size;
(4) ceramic size of preparation is joined in the barrel of 3D printer, barrel temperature is heated to 50 ~ 250 DEG C, insulation 5 ~ 30min; The shower nozzle of 3D printer is under the control of fabrication schedule, become extrude silk and print cross section thin layers according to the individual-layer data extruded ceramic slurry in step (2), the curing agent extruded in silk starts solidification at curing temperatures, the entity of Formation cross-section thin layer, by piling up layer by layer, the base substrate of obtained ceramic rapid shaping;
(5), after base substrate being solidified 10 ~ 60min at curing temperatures, baking oven is placed in 40 ~ 80 DEG C of drying 10 ~ 60min;
(6) dried base substrate is carried out dewax, sinter obtained target part.
As optimization, in ceramic size described in step (3), the content of ceramic powders is 10 ~ 95 wt%; Curing agent content is 0.1 ~ 20wt%; The content of dispersant is 0.1 ~ 10wt%; The content of defoamer is 0.1 ~ 10wt%; Surplus is deionized water.
Described ceramic powders is one or more in oxide ceramics (as aluminium oxide ceramics, zirconia ceramics, magnesia ceramics), carbide ceramics (as reaction silicon carbide ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics with no pressure, boron carbide ceramics, titanium carbide ceramic, zirconium carbide ceramics), nitride ceramics (silicon nitride ceramics, boron nitride ceramics, aluminium nitride ceramics, titanium nitride ceramic), bioceramic, glass ceramics.
As preferably, described ceramic powders is the one in aluminium oxide ceramics, zirconia ceramics, reaction silicon carbide ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics with no pressure, boron carbide ceramics.
The average grain diameter of described ceramic powders is 0.5 ~ 100 μm.
Described curing agent is water-soluble colloidal sol (as gelatin, Ludox, sodium alginate, agarose), organic monomer (as acrylamide) and crosslinking agent (methylene-bisacrylamide), thermoplastic (as thermoplastic resins such as paraffin and polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polystyrene).
As optimization, described curing agent is water-soluble colloidal sol.
As further optimization, described water-soluble colloidal sol is the one in gelatin, Ludox, sodium alginate, agarose.
As optimization, described water-soluble colloidal sol is agarose.
The injection diameter of described shower nozzle is 60 μm ~ 5mm, and barrel heating-up temperature is 50 ~ 250 DEG C, and extruding Post RDBMS temperature is-30 DEG C ~ 120 DEG C, and ceramic size extruded velocity is 0.5 ~ 100mm/s, and the spacing extruded between silk and silk is 0.01 ~ 10mm.
Described dispersant is the one in ammoniacal liquor, TMAH, citrate, polyacrylate, six phosphorus meta-acid sodium, PEI, gum arabic, sodium phosphate trimer, polyethylene glycol, waterglass, triethanolamine, polycarboxylic acids ammonium salt, polymine (PEI).
Described defoamer is the one in n-octyl alcohol, n-butanol, tributyl phosphate, alkyl-silicone oil, ethylene glycol.
The present invention by the curing characteristics of 3D printing technique Bound moisture solubleness gel, is applied to the quick manufacturing process of ceramic material first, is not subject to the restriction of ceramic material and parts shape, can goes out the ceramic material that precision is high, relative density is high by rapid shaping.Preparation for complicated shape ceramic material provides new process, greatly reduces R&D cycle and the cost of complicated shape ceramic part, achieves the quick Non-mould shaping of ceramic material.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention utilizes the curing characteristics of water-soluable gel, in aqueous-based ceramic slurry, add a certain amount of curing agent, utilize 3D printing shaping technique to prepare various complex-shaped ceramic component.Present invention process is simple, equipment cost is low, the spacing of powder particle in ceramic size can be reduced in extrusion, density is high, and be not subject to the restriction of ceramic particle kind and part shape, be applicable to the ceramic of the various ceramic material of preparation, various complicated shape, the rapid shaping for ceramic part provides a kind of new method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The process chart of the method for Fig. 1 the present invention pottery 3D printing shaping.
Detailed description of the invention
With specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further details below, but the present invention is not only confined to following specific embodiment.
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, processing step of the present invention comprises:
1) foundation of threedimensional model.According to the actual requirements, with the threedimensional model of Pro/E or AutoCAD software construction part, and three-dimensional modeling data is converted to STL formatted file;
2) delamination software of rapidform machine is adopted threedimensional model to be carried out layered shaping, in the data importing fabrication schedule after layering;
3) get 250g reaction bonded sic raw material powder (powdered carbon and α-SiC are that 1 ︰ 4 ~ 99 mixes with mass ratio), after 0.306g ammoniacal liquor, 40g deionized water and stirring 30min, add 1.8g tributyl phosphate, 1.5g gelatin, ball milling 2h in high speed ball mill;
4) by the slurry after ball milling in froth in vacuum machine under-0.08MPa vacuum de-bubble 10min;
5) slurry after de-bubble is placed in the barrel of rapidform machine (being preferably motor pushing microinjection formula 3D printer), start heating cylinder, arranging barrel heating-up temperature is 70 ~ 100 DEG C; After insulation 20min, the shower nozzle of rapidform machine is under the control of fabrication schedule, become extrude silk and print cross section thin layers according to the individual-layer data extruded ceramic slurry in step (2), extrude silk to solidify under room temperature (25 DEG C), the entity of Formation cross-section thin layer, by piling up layer by layer, the biscuit of obtained ceramic rapid shaping; Described filament diameter of extruding is 60 μm ~ 5mm, and ceramic size extruded velocity is 0.5 ~ 100mm/s, and the spacing extruded between silk and silk is 0.01 ~ 10mm.
6) by the biscuit of curing molding dry 30min at 60 DEG C, then dry 30min at 80 DEG C, makes biscuit bone dry;
7) dried biscuit dewaxes.Dewaxing temperature curve is: from room temperature to 160 DEG C insulation 1h, be then warming up to 600 DEG C of insulation 1h, be then warming up to 850 DEG C of insulation 2h;
8) reaction-sintered.Biscuit after dewaxing is embedded in Si grain, carries out reaction-sintered under vacuo; Sintering temperature curve is: from room temperature to 600 DEG C, is then warming up to 1000 DEG C, and be then warming up to 1550 DEG C of insulation 2h, sintered density reaches 3.05g/cm
3above.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment and embodiment one unlike, the ceramic powders adopted in step 3) is alumina ceramic powder, curing agent is agarose, be sintered in step 8): from room temperature with the ramp to 500 DEG C of 2 DEG C/min, then with the ramp to 800 DEG C of 10 DEG C/min, then with the ramp to 1700 of 8 DEG C/min DEG C insulation 2h, the Alumina Ceramics Sintering density obtained is 3.85 g/cm
3above.
Embodiment three
The present embodiment and embodiment one unlike, the ceramic powders adopted in step 3) is zirconia ceramics powder, curing agent is organic monomer acrylamide and crosslinking agent methylene-bisacrylamide, be sintered in step 8): from room temperature with the ramp to 500 DEG C of 2 DEG C/min, then with the ramp to 800 DEG C of 10 DEG C/min, then with the ramp to 1460 of 8 DEG C/min DEG C insulation 3h, the sintered density obtaining zirconia ceramics is 5.55 g/cm
3above.
The present invention is based on the process that 3D printing shaping technology prepares ceramic part, by adding curing agent in aqueous-based ceramic slurry, rapid shaping in 3D printer, obtains the ceramic material of required form by dry, dewaxing, sintering.Its general principles is the gel solidification characteristic utilizing water-soluable gel material, a certain amount of gel solidification agent is added in aqueous-based ceramic slurry, the de-bubble of ball milling mixing final vacuum, gained ceramic size is placed in 3D printer (being preferably motor pushing microinjection formula 3D printer) barrel, by improving viscosity and the mobility of slurry to barrel heating, ceramic size is extruded from syringe needle under stepper promotes, extruding after silk solidifies at a certain temperature, is complex parts biscuit by the rapid shaping that is layering.Ceramic part is obtained finally by dry, dewaxing, sintering.The method can the ceramic body of shaping various complicated shape, and without the need to mould, go material process without the need to the later stage, technique is simple, and cost is low.
Below be only that feature of the present invention implements example, scope is not constituted any limitation.The technical scheme that all employings exchange on an equal basis or equivalence is replaced and formed, all drops within rights protection scope of the present invention.