CN111825454A - Preparation method of layered structure ceramic ring for mechanical seal - Google Patents
Preparation method of layered structure ceramic ring for mechanical seal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a ceramic ring with a laminated structure for mechanical sealing, which mainly adopts an additive manufacturing method, takes a ceramic paper tape prepared by a tape casting method as a unit, prepares a laminated composite ring blank by a rolling method, improves the density of the laminated composite ring blank by isostatic pressing, and finally obtains the ceramic-based laminated structure composite material ring by high-temperature sintering. The toughness of the ceramic-based laminated structure composite ring is obviously superior to that of common blocky ceramics, and when the ceramic-based laminated structure composite ring is subjected to mechanical impact, the interface energy generated by the difference of phase compositions of the ceramic-based laminated structure composite ring can absorb energy, so that the expansion of cracks is prevented; and because the toughening layer adopts porous ceramics, graphite, BN and the like, the friction performance of the material can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a ceramic-based laminated structure composite material ring, belongs to the technical field of ceramic preparation, and particularly relates to a process for preparing the ceramic-based laminated structure composite material ring by adopting an additive manufacturing method.
Background
The ceramic material has high hardness, high strength, high wear resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient and excellent chemical stability, and is widely applied to the industrial fields of armor protection, petrochemical industry, ferrous metallurgy, mechanical electronics, aerospace and the like. However, the brittleness of the ceramic material becomes a fatal disadvantage, so that the ceramic material is easy to crack during impact, and the material fails.
The level of mechanical sealing technology is closely related to the sealing material. With the rapid development of material science, the variety is increasing day by day, and the continuous improvement of mechanical sealing technical level is promoted. Meanwhile, with the development of industry and technology, on one hand, the sealing performance and the long and reliable service life are ensured by the requirements of high temperature, high speed, low temperature and high pressure; on the other hand, the mechanical sealing friction pair is required to be made of ceramic materials under the extreme working conditions of inflammable, explosive, toxic and strong corrosive media and the like. Therefore, improving the reliability of ceramic materials has become a hot spot in material research.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a ceramic matrix laminated structure composite ring, which can obtain a weak interface bonding ceramic matrix laminated structure composite or a strong interface bonding ceramic matrix laminated structure composite, improve the friction performance on the premise of improving the toughness of a ceramic material, and meet the mechanical performance requirement of a mechanical seal ring.
The method mainly adopts an additive manufacturing method, takes ceramic paper tapes made by a tape casting method as a unit, utilizes a rolling method to make a laminated composite ring blank, improves the density of the laminated composite ring blank by isostatic pressing, and finally obtains the ceramic-based laminated structure composite material ring by high-temperature sintering. The toughness of the ceramic-based laminated structure composite ring is obviously superior to that of common blocky ceramics, and when the ceramic-based laminated structure composite ring is subjected to mechanical impact, the interface energy generated by the difference of phase compositions of the ceramic-based laminated structure composite ring can absorb energy, so that the expansion of cracks is prevented; and because the toughening layer adopts porous ceramics, graphite, BN and the like, the friction performance of the material can be greatly improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a method for preparing a ceramic ring with a laminated structure for mechanical sealing, namely, a ceramic paper tape with a certain thickness prepared by a required structure layer can be two or more than two ceramic paper tapes according to the design of a ceramic-based laminated structure composite material ring, and a laminated ring body is prepared by a rolling method, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the base layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-98 wt% of base material powder, 2-15 wt% of sintering aid, 20-50 wt% of solvent, 0.1-10 wt% of dispersant, 0.1-20 wt% of binder, 0.1-15 wt% of plasticizer and 0.01-8 wt% of defoaming agent; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the matrix layer, carrying out ball milling for 1-120 h, and then carrying out vacuum defoaming on the ball-milled slurry in a vacuum defoaming machine for 10-180 min to prepare matrix ceramic slurry; wherein the matrix material is at least one of silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide;
(2) the interface layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-98 wt% of interface material powder, 2-15 wt% of sintering aid, 20-50 wt% of solvent, 0.1-10 wt% of dispersant, 0.1-20 wt% of binder, 0.1-15% of plasticizer and 0.01-8% of defoaming agent; uniformly mixing the interface layer raw materials, carrying out ball milling for 1-120 h, and then carrying out vacuum defoaming on the ball-milled slurry in a vacuum defoaming machine for 10-180 min to prepare interface ceramic slurry; wherein the interface material is at least one of silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, boron nitride, graphite, tungsten and titanium carbide;
(3) casting the slurry prepared in the step (1) on a casting machine to form a required substrate layer blank paper tape, wherein the thickness of the paper tape is 0.005-1 mm, and the width of the paper tape is 10-800 mm; preparing the slurry prepared in the step (2) into an interface layer blank paper tape by adopting the same method;
(4) laminating and rolling the substrate layer blank paper tape and the interface layer blank paper tape prepared in the step (3), wherein the laminating pressure is 1-30 MPa, and the substrate layer and the interface layer are directly bonded into an annular blank;
(5) sealing the annular blank in a soft sealing manner, and carrying out isostatic compaction, wherein the isostatic pressure is 30-200 MPa;
(6) and (4) sintering the ring-shaped blank treated in the step (5) in vacuum or in an atmosphere, wherein the atmosphere pressure is 0.1-0.98 MPa, and the sintering temperature is 1200-2350 ℃.
Further, the sintering aid used in the base layer material and the interface layer material may be at least one of yttrium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, and aluminum nitride, and the sintering aid used in the base layer material may be the same as or different from the sintering aid used in the interface layer material.
Further, the solvent used in the base layer material and the interface layer material is at least one of ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone and deionized water, and the solvent of the base layer material and the solvent of the interface layer material may be the same or different.
Further, the dispersant used in the base layer material and the interface layer material may be at least one of diethyl phosphate, ammonia water, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, ammonium polyacrylate, polyethyleneimine, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and polyethylene glycol, and the dispersant of the base layer material may be the same as or different from the dispersant of the interface layer material.
The binder used for the base layer material and the interface layer material may be at least one of polyvinyl butyral, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, gum arabic, xanthan gum, phenol resin, gelatin, silica sol, sodium alginate, agarose, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic acid, and dextrin, and the binder used for the base layer material and the binder used for the interface layer material may be the same or different.
The plasticizer used in the base layer material and the interface layer material may be at least one of glycerin and dioctyl phthalate, and the plasticizer of the base layer material may be the same as or different from the plasticizer of the interface layer material.
Further, the defoaming agent used in the base layer material and the interface layer material is at least one of ethylene glycol, n-butanol, and n-octanol, and the defoaming agent of the base layer material may be the same as or different from that of the interface layer material.
Furthermore, the interface material also comprises a pore-forming agent, wherein the pore-forming agent is one or a mixture of wood dust, rice hulls, polystyrene microspheres and acrylic powder.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that: the ceramic matrix laminated structure composite material ring prepared by the invention fully exerts the advantages that the axial performance and the circumferential (radial) performance are different and can be matched with each other, particularly (1) the ceramic composite material ring has continuous axial structure and still has ceramic characteristics, mainly has enough elastic modulus, and the ring body can not deform to cause leakage under high load; (2) the circumferential direction (radial direction) can bear higher linear velocity due to the existence of a layered structure with higher toughness; (3) the material difference of the end surfaces of the two rings which are contacted can avoid the starting difficulty caused by the coupling phenomenon of a smooth plane, and particularly, the dry gas seal can be more quickly separated during use; (4) the material performance of the interface layer can be fully utilized through the laminating pressing ring, namely, graphite, boron nitride and graphite particles have very low friction coefficients and have certain lubricity, so that the dry friction performance of the material is improved, the contact area of the end face is reduced due to the porous structure, the friction coefficient of the material is reduced, and the dry friction performance is improved, so that the dry friction performance of the sealing ring can be improved due to the graphite, the boron nitride, the porous structure and the graphite particles of the laminating interface layer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the lamination process of the ceramic matrix laminate structural composite ring of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
The improvement of the toughness of the ceramic material is a fundamental measure for improving the reliability of the ceramic material, and the structural design of the existing layered ceramic absorbs the energy of the ceramic material in the crack propagation process through an interface formed by the difference of the tissues between layers, so that the method is one of good methods for improving the toughness of the material.
In nature, materials such as bamboo, shells and the like have good performance, because the materials are not good, but are realized through the fine composite structural characteristics of the components. Therefore, the softer or tougher material layer is added between brittle ceramic layers to form a sandwich-structured layered structure material, so that the toughness of the material can be improved. The design is based on an energy dissipation mechanism, and the principle of the structural design is to reduce the defect size and reduce the sensitivity of the mechanical property of the material to the original defect crack. Through reasonable structural design, the ceramic material with the layered structure can simultaneously improve the strength and the toughness of the material. Layered structure materials can be generally classified into matrix materials and interface materials. The strength of the matrix material determines the fracture toughness of the composite. Therefore, high strength ceramic materials such as SiC and Si are generally selected3N4、Al2O3、ZrO2Etc. as a base material of the layered structure ceramic. The interface material is the key for determining the ceramic material with a layered structure, and the interface material is the special layered structure of the whole material formed by the layer of material, and the selection and optimization of the interface material are particularly important. In recent years, many studies have been made on this aspect at home and abroad. The interface material is generally selected to satisfy the following four aspects:
(1) does not react with the matrix chemically,
(2) the thermal expansion coefficient is moderate, the thermal stress cracking is avoided,
(3) the strength is proper, especially the high-temperature strength, the knitting is ensured to be small at high temperature,
(4) the bonding strength with the matrix is moderate so as to be beneficial to crack deflection.
Materials with low hardness and elastic modulus are generally selected as ceramic interface materials, such as graphite, BN or oxide ceramics. SiC potteryThe research on the ceramic-based laminated structure composite material is earlier and deeper, and the laminated ceramic using graphite, BN, W, TiC and the like as interlayer material has been widely researched, for example, Reynaud et al prepared SiC (dense)/SiC (pore) laminated structure ceramic material, although crack deflection is observed on a porous weak interface layer, the fracture toughness and fracture work of the material are not obviously increased, which shows the same effects as SiC/SiC-graphite and Si3N4/Si3N4-similar fracture modes of BN layered structured ceramic materials; the SiC/W laminated ceramic material is prepared by alternately laminating and sintering SiC and W, and the result shows that when the thickness of a SiC matrix layer is ensured to be unchanged, a W interlayer is in a range of 1-50 mu m, the fracture toughness is increased along with the increase of the thickness of the interlayer, but the bending strength is reduced; ch, you and the like electrophoretically deposit TiC on a SiC sheet, and then carry out lamination pressureless sintering to prepare the SiC/TiC laminated ceramic material, wherein the ceramic material cannot be sintered and cannot be completely densified under the condition of not adding a sintering aid, and the relative density is only 90.2%.
When the ceramic material is applied to the field of mechanical sealing, the ceramic material with the layered structure needs to consider the mechanical requirements of annular rotating structural members such as a mechanical sealing friction pair and the like to reach certain fracture toughness and strength, so that the invention provides a 'weak interface combined ceramic matrix layered structure composite ring' and a 'strong interface combined ceramic matrix layered structure composite ring', namely, a material with higher hardness than a base material is a strong interface by taking the base material as a reference, and the material is a weak interface on the contrary, wherein the toughening effect of the weak interface combined ceramic matrix layered structure composite is obvious, but the problems of strength reduction and fracture toughness and vickers hardness anisotropy exist due to the existence of the weak interface; for example, in the preparation raw materials adopted by the invention, materials with low relative hardness and high fracture toughness such as boron nitride, graphite, tungsten, titanium carbide, pore-forming agent and the like are weak interface layers, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide are strong interface layers, and the 'weak interface bonding ceramic matrix laminated structure composite ring' and the 'strong interface bonding ceramic matrix laminated structure composite ring' can be selected according to different mechanical sealing requirements.
The preparation of the layered ceramic material according to the invention is illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
1) Uniformly mixing silicon carbide powder serving as matrix powder (the proportion is 45 wt%), aluminum oxide serving as a sintering aid (the proportion is 2 wt%), ethanol serving as a solvent (the proportion is 40 wt%), polyethyleneimine serving as a dispersing agent (the proportion is 0.5 wt%), phenolic resin serving as a binder (the proportion is 7.98 wt%), glycerol serving as a plasticizer (the proportion is 4.5 wt%), and ethylene glycol serving as a defoaming agent (the proportion is 0.02 wt%), ball-milling the mixture in a ball milling cylinder for 24 hours, and then carrying out vacuum defoaming on the ball-milled slurry in a vacuum defoaming machine for 60 minutes to prepare matrix ceramic slurry;
2) uniformly mixing silicon carbide powder (the proportion is 20 wt%), graphite powder (the proportion is 25 wt%) and two mixed powders, namely interface powder, alumina (the proportion is 2 wt%), ethanol (the proportion is 40 wt%), polyethyleneimine (the proportion is 0.5 wt%), phenolic resin (the proportion is 7.98 wt%), glycerol (the proportion is 4.5 wt%) and ethylene glycol (the proportion is 0.02 wt%), ball-milling the mixture in a ball mill for 24 hours, and then carrying out vacuum defoaming on the ball-milled slurry in a vacuum defoaming machine for 60 minutes to prepare interface ceramic slurry;
3) respectively casting the matrix ceramic slurry and the interface ceramic slurry obtained in the steps 1) and 2) on a casting machine into a required blank paper tape, wherein the thickness of the blank paper tape is 0.3mm, the width of the blank paper tape is 50mm, and the length of the blank paper tape is more than 10000mm according to requirements;
4) coiling the two kinds of tape casting paper rolls for later use;
5) two kinds of paper rolls are wound on a feeding frame of a rolling laminator, wherein a base layer adopts a structure design of 10 layers, an interface layer adopts a structure design of 1 layer, and the materials are respectively fed, wherein the lamination pressure is 10MPa, and the base layer and the interface layer are directly bonded into an annular blank with the inner diameter of 100mm and the outer diameter of 180 mm;
6) sealing the annular blank body in a soft sealing manner, and carrying out isostatic compaction under the isostatic pressure of 120 MPa;
7) and sintering in argon atmosphere at the atmosphere pressure of 0.1MPa and the sintering temperature of 1900 ℃ to obtain the silicon carbide and carbon-added silicon carbide annular composite material.
The prepared cyclic composite was tested: the axial bending strength of the sample is 400MPa, and the fracture toughness is 3.5 MPa.m1/2(ii) a The axial fracture toughness of the test specimen was 7MPa · m1/2。
Example 2
1) Uniformly mixing silicon carbide powder serving as matrix powder (the proportion is 45 wt%), aluminum oxide serving as a sintering aid (the proportion is 2 wt%), ethanol serving as a solvent (the proportion is 40 wt%), polyethyleneimine serving as a dispersing agent (the proportion is 0.5 wt%), phenolic resin serving as a binder (the proportion is 7.98 wt%), glycerol serving as a plasticizer (the proportion is 4.5 wt%), and ethylene glycol serving as a defoaming agent (the proportion is 0.02 wt%), ball-milling the mixture in a ball milling cylinder for 24 hours, and then carrying out vacuum defoaming on the ball-milled slurry in a vacuum defoaming machine for 60 minutes to prepare matrix ceramic slurry;
2) uniformly mixing silicon carbide powder (the proportion is 20 wt%), boron nitride powder (the proportion is 25 wt%) as interface powder, alumina as a sintering aid (the proportion is 2 wt%), ethanol as a solvent (the proportion is 40 wt%), polyethyleneimine as a dispersing agent (the proportion is 0.5 wt%), phenolic resin as a binder (the proportion is 7.98 wt%), glycerol as a plasticizer (the proportion is 4.5 wt%), and ethylene glycol as a defoaming agent (the proportion is 0.02 wt%), ball-milling the mixture in a ball mill for 24 hours, and then carrying out vacuum defoaming on the ball-milled slurry in a vacuum defoaming machine for 60 minutes to prepare interface ceramic slurry;
3) respectively casting the matrix ceramic slurry and the interface ceramic slurry prepared in the steps 1) and 2) on a casting machine into a required blank paper tape, wherein the thickness of the blank paper tape is 0.3mm, the width of the blank paper tape is 50mm, and the length of the blank paper tape is more than 10000mm according to requirements;
4) coiling the two kinds of tape casting paper rolls for later use;
5) two kinds of paper rolls are wound on a feeding frame of a rolling laminator, wherein 5 layers of base layers and 1 layer of interface layers are selected for respectively feeding, the laminating pressure is 10MPa, and the base layers and the interface layers are directly bonded into an annular blank with the inner diameter of 100mm and the outer diameter of 180 mm;
6) sealing the annular blank body in a soft sealing manner, and carrying out isostatic compaction under the isostatic pressure of 120 MPa;
7) and sintering in argon atmosphere at the atmosphere pressure of 0.1MPa and the sintering temperature of 1900 ℃ to obtain the silicon carbide and boron nitride annular composite material.
The prepared cyclic composite was tested: the axial bending strength of the sample was 380MPa, and the fracture toughness was 3.5MPa · m1/2(ii) a The axial fracture toughness of the test specimen was 7MPa · m1/2。
Example 3
1) Uniformly mixing silicon carbide powder serving as matrix powder (the proportion is 40 wt%), aluminum oxide serving as a sintering aid (the proportion is 2 wt%), deionized water serving as a solvent (the proportion is 45 wt%), tetramethylammonium hydroxide serving as a dispersing agent (the proportion is 0.3 wt%), polyvinyl alcohol serving as a binder (the proportion is 7.98 wt%), glycerol serving as a plasticizer (the proportion is 4.7 wt%), and n-octyl alcohol serving as a defoaming agent (the proportion is 0.02 wt%), ball-milling the mixture in a ball milling cylinder for 24 hours, and then carrying out vacuum defoaming on the ball-milled slurry in a vacuum defoaming machine for 60 minutes to prepare matrix ceramic slurry;
2) selecting and uniformly mixing silicon carbide powder (with a proportion of 17 wt%), graphite powder (with a proportion of 23 wt%) as interface powder, alumina as a sintering aid (with a proportion of 2 wt%), deionized water as a solvent (with a proportion of 45 wt%), tetramethylammonium hydroxide as a dispersant (with a proportion of 0.3 wt%), polyvinyl alcohol as a binder (with a proportion of 7.98 wt%), glycerol as a plasticizer (with a proportion of 4.7 wt%), and n-octanol as a defoaming agent (with a proportion of 0.02 wt%), then ball-milling the mixture in a ball milling cylinder for 24 hours, and then carrying out vacuum defoaming on the ball-milled slurry in a vacuum defoaming machine for 60 minutes to prepare interface ceramic slurry;
3) respectively casting the matrix ceramic slurry and the interface ceramic slurry prepared in the steps 1) and 2) on a casting machine into a required blank paper tape, wherein the thickness of the blank paper tape is 0.3mm, the width of the blank paper tape is 50mm, and the length of the blank paper tape is more than 10000 mm;
4) coiling the two kinds of tape casting paper rolls for later use;
5) two kinds of paper rolls are wound on a feeding frame of a rolling laminator, wherein a base layer adopts a structure design of 10 layers, an interface layer adopts a structure design of 1 layer, and the materials are respectively fed, wherein the lamination pressure is 10MPa, and the base layer and the interface layer are directly bonded into an annular blank with the inner diameter of 100mm and the outer diameter of 180 mm;
6) sealing the annular blank body in a soft sealing manner, and carrying out isostatic compaction under the isostatic pressure of 120 MPa;
7) and sintering in argon atmosphere at the atmosphere pressure of 0.1MPa and the sintering temperature of 1900 ℃ to obtain the silicon carbide and carbon-added silicon carbide annular composite material.
The prepared cyclic composite was tested: the axial bending strength of the sample is 400MPa, and the fracture toughness is 3.5 MPa.m1/2(ii) a The axial fracture toughness of the test specimen was 7MPa · m1/2。
Materials, reagents and experimental equipment related to the embodiment of the invention are all commercial products in accordance with the field of ceramic materials if no special description is provided.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the core technology of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations shall also fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the ceramic ring with the laminated structure for mechanical sealing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the base layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-98 wt% of base material powder, 2-15 wt% of sintering aid, 20-50 wt% of solvent, 0.1-10 wt% of dispersant, 0.1-20 wt% of binder, 0.1-15 wt% of plasticizer and 0.01-8 wt% of defoaming agent; uniformly mixing the raw materials of the matrix layer, carrying out ball milling for 1-120 h, and then carrying out vacuum defoaming on the ball-milled slurry in a vacuum defoaming machine for 10-180 min to prepare matrix ceramic slurry; wherein the matrix material is at least one of silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide;
(2) the interface layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-98 wt% of interface material powder, 2-15 wt% of sintering aid, 20-50 wt% of solvent, 0.1-10 wt% of dispersant, 0.1-20 wt% of binder, 0.1-15% of plasticizer and 0.01-8% of defoaming agent; uniformly mixing the interface layer raw materials, carrying out ball milling for 1-120 h, and then carrying out vacuum defoaming on the ball-milled slurry in a vacuum defoaming machine for 10-180 min to prepare interface ceramic slurry; wherein the interface material is at least one of silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, boron nitride, graphite, tungsten and titanium carbide;
(3) casting the slurry prepared in the step (1) on a casting machine to form a required substrate layer blank paper tape, wherein the thickness of the paper tape is 0.005-1 mm, and the width of the paper tape is 10-800 mm; preparing the slurry prepared in the step (2) into an interface layer blank paper tape by adopting the same method;
(4) laminating and rolling the substrate layer blank paper tape and the interface layer blank paper tape prepared in the step (3), wherein the laminating pressure is 1-30 MPa, and the substrate layer and the interface layer are directly bonded into an annular blank;
(5) sealing the annular blank in a soft sealing manner, and carrying out isostatic compaction, wherein the isostatic pressure is 30-200 MPa;
(6) and (4) sintering the ring-shaped blank treated in the step (5) in vacuum or in an atmosphere, wherein the atmosphere pressure is 0.1-0.98 MPa, and the sintering temperature is 1200-2350 ℃.
2. The method of manufacturing a ceramic ring having a layered structure for mechanical sealing according to claim 1, wherein the sintering aid used in the base layer raw material and the interface layer raw material is at least one of yttria, alumina, magnesia, and aluminum nitride, and the sintering aid used in the base layer raw material may be the same as or different from the sintering aid used in the interface layer raw material.
3. The method of manufacturing a ceramic ring having a layered structure for mechanical sealing according to claim 1, wherein the solvent used in the base layer material and the interface layer material is at least one of ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and deionized water, and the solvent of the base layer material may be the same as or different from the solvent of the interface layer material.
4. The method of manufacturing a ceramic ring having a layered structure for mechanical sealing according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant used in the base layer material and the interface layer material is at least one of diethyl phosphate, ammonia water, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, ammonium polyacrylate, polyethyleneimine, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and polyethylene glycol, and the dispersant used in the base layer material and the dispersant used in the interface layer material may be the same or different.
5. The method of manufacturing a ceramic ring having a layered structure for mechanical sealing according to claim 1, wherein the binder used in the base layer material and the interface layer material is at least one of polyvinyl butyral, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, gum arabic, xanthan gum, phenol resin, gelatin, silica sol, sodium alginate, agarose, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic acid, and dextrin, and the binder used in the base layer material and the binder used in the interface layer material may be the same or different.
6. The method of manufacturing a ceramic ring having a layered structure for mechanical sealing according to claim 1, wherein the plasticizer used in the base layer material and the interface layer material is at least one of glycerin and dioctyl phthalate, and the plasticizer used in the base layer material may be the same as or different from the plasticizer used in the interface layer material.
7. The method of manufacturing a ceramic ring having a layered structure for mechanical sealing according to claim 1, wherein the defoaming agent used in the base layer material and the interface layer material is at least one of ethylene glycol, n-butanol, and n-octanol, and the defoaming agent used in the base layer material may be the same as or different from that used in the interface layer material.
8. The method for preparing a ceramic ring with a layered structure for mechanical sealing according to claim 1, wherein the interface layer material further comprises a pore-forming agent, and the pore-forming agent is one or a mixture of wood chips, rice hulls, polystyrene microspheres, and acrylic powder.
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