CN114289685B - Multi-material composite sand mold forming method and device - Google Patents
Multi-material composite sand mold forming method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114289685B CN114289685B CN202210032429.3A CN202210032429A CN114289685B CN 114289685 B CN114289685 B CN 114289685B CN 202210032429 A CN202210032429 A CN 202210032429A CN 114289685 B CN114289685 B CN 114289685B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and discloses a multi-material composite sand mold forming method and device. The device comprises a molding sand pretreatment system, a vacuum sand feeding system, a multi-material sand spreading system, a printing system, an infrared heating system and a lifting platform device. According to the method, additive manufacturing is performed through a 3D printing (3 DP) technology, and the advantages of strong flexible manufacturing capability, high forming quality and high efficiency of the 3D printing (3 DP) technology are combined to realize multi-material composite sand mold preparation, so that the method has great innovation, application and popularization and use values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a multi-material composite sand mold forming method and device.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology based on sand mold 3D printing has the characteristics of strong flexible manufacturing capability, high dimensional accuracy, energy conservation and material reduction. However, the molding material is limited and single. The single molding material cannot have excellent casting performance such as strength, air permeability, air generation capacity and the like, and meanwhile, the local heat conductivity coefficient, interface heat exchange coefficient, thermal expansibility and other parameters of the casting mold are low, so that the complicated casting has poor tissue performance, mechanical performance and dimensional accuracy, and the high-performance casting requirement of the high-end complicated casting is difficult to meet. Innovations, new equipment development, new process exploration, new composite material development and preparation of multi-material and multifunctional composite sand molds are needed.
The 3D printing (3 DP) technology is to manufacture parts by bonding resin sand into a whole, a three-dimensional model of a casting mould is firstly established when the 3D printing (3 DP) technology is formed, and a computer carries out layering slicing treatment on the three-dimensional geometric model of a printing sand mould; then generating a printing pattern of each layer according to the two-dimensional contour data of each layer of sand mould to obtain section information; sand grains premixed with the curing agent are stored in a sand spreading groove for sand spreading, a printing nozzle sprays resin binder according to the section information, the resin binder and the curing agent undergo a glue joint reaction, the layers are solidified layer by layer, and stacking and forming are carried out; after the sand mold is prepared, the sand mold is cleaned out, and the surface floating sand is removed. The sand mold formed based on the 3D printing (3 DP) technique has the following disadvantages: (1) materials are limited and single; (2) the sanding system can only lay single-material molding sand particles.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the method and the device for molding the multi-material composite sand mold are provided by combining the advantages of strong flexible manufacturing capability, high strength of the molded sand mold and the like of the 3D printing (3 DP) technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a multi-material composite sand mold forming method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a molding sand formula according to the three-dimensional model;
step 2: the computer carries out layering slicing treatment on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain two-dimensional slicing information of each layer;
step 3: processing slice information of the 3D printing and 3DP technology, and transforming slice data according to slice characteristics to obtain final slice information; setting layering thickness, namely paving and printing a certain layer thickness n of sand mould without special structure, wherein n is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, and improving forming efficiency; the sand mold with a special structure is manufactured by single-layer material adding and single-layer material reducing, so that the precision of the sand mold is improved;
step 4: pumping the proportioned raw sand particles into a sand mixer through a vacuum sand feeding system, and enabling a curing agent to enter the sand mixer through a peristaltic pump; wherein the raw sand particles are stored in a raw sand particle storage box, and the curing agent is stored in a curing agent storage box;
step 5: uniformly stirring raw sand particles and a curing agent in a sand mixer to obtain sand particles premixed with the curing agent;
step 6: uniformly filling sand particles premixed with a curing agent into a sand paving groove of a multi-material composite sand paving system through a sand shakeout port, and completing a sand filling process;
step 7: the multi-material composite sand paving system moves from left to right, sand particles premixed with curing agents in a sand paving groove are subjected to a sand paving process on a lifting platform device through a vibration sand falling device;
step 8: the right side of the multi-material composite sand paving system moves to the left side, and sand particles premixed with curing agents are paved on a lifting platform device through a powder paving roller;
step 9: the printing system moves from the right side to the left side, and the array nozzle sprays the current layer of resin;
step 10: lowering the printing platform device by one layer thickness;
step 11: repeating the steps 3 to 10, and manufacturing layer by layer until the preparation of the composite sand mould is completed;
step 14: and cleaning the waste sand and taking out the sand mould.
The present invention further preferably: after each layer of sand is paved and printed, scanning and heating can be carried out, so that the curing speed of the current layer of sand mould is accelerated.
The present invention further preferably: the multi-material composite molding sand paving system adopts a mode of combining a vibration shakeout device and a powder paving roller.
The present invention further preferably: the molding sand can be one or more of quartz sand, ceramic sand, chromite sand, zircon sand, magnesia and olivine sand.
The present invention further preferably: the molding sand is cast refractory molding sand, and the grain size is usually 70/140 meshes.
The present invention further preferably: the binder is one of furan resin binder, phenolic resin binder and inorganic binder.
The present invention further preferably: in the sand mould preparation process, the processing chamber is continuously filled with nitrogen so as to ensure the safety of the sintering process.
A multi-material composite sand mould forming device comprises a raw sand particle storage box and a curing agent storage box; the system comprises a vacuum sand feeding system, a multi-material composite sand mould sand paving system, a printing system, an infrared heating system and a lifting platform device; wherein the discharge pipes of the raw sand particle storage tank and the curing agent storage tank are connected with a vacuum sand feeding system; the bottom of the vacuum sand feeding system is provided with a sand falling port; wherein the multi-material composite sand mould sand-spreading system is positioned below the sand falling port; the multi-material composite sand mould sand paving system is positioned beside one side of the lifting platform device, and a powder paving roller is arranged on the side edge of the bottom; a printing system is arranged above the lifting platform device; the printing system is arranged at the left side of the infrared heating system; wherein the temperature of the infrared heating pipe in the infrared heating system is 275-374 ℃.
The invention discloses a method for selecting a required composite molding sand material according to a molding sand model; the computer carries out layering slicing treatment on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain two-dimensional slicing information of each layer; pumping the raw sand particles in a certain proportion into a sand mixer through a vacuum sand feeding system, enabling the curing agent to enter the sand mixer through a peristaltic pump, and uniformly stirring the raw sand particles and the curing agent in the sand mixer to obtain sand particles premixed with the curing agent; uniformly filling the molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent into a sand spreading groove of a multi-material composite molding sand spreading system through a sand falling opening; further moving the multi-material composite sand paving system from the left side to the right side, and carrying out a sand shakeout procedure on sand particles premixed with a curing agent in a sand paving groove through a vibration sand shakeout device; the multi-material composite molding sand paving system moves from the right side to the left side, and sand particles premixed with the curing agent are paved through a powder paving roller; the computer controls the printing system to move from the right side to the left side, the array nozzle sprays the current layer of resin, the infrared heating system heats and cures the current layer, the infrared heating system returns to the starting position after the stroke is finished, and the infrared heating system heats and cures the current layer secondarily; at this time, a layer of multi-material composite sand mould is prepared; the lifting platform descends by one layer thickness; repeating the steps, and carrying out layer-by-layer additive compounding until the preparation of a compound sand mold is completed; and finally, cleaning the waste sand and taking out the composite sand mold.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Filling the limited and single blank of the sand mould 3D printing material;
(2) The multi-material composite casting mold is formed by a sand mold 3D printing technology, so that the preparation of a multifunctional gradient sand mold is realized, the efficient and high-precision preparation of the casting mold is realized, and the comprehensive regulation and control of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the casting are completed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-material composite sand molding apparatus;
1-a raw sand particle storage box; 2-a curing agent storage tank; 3-a vacuum sand feeding system; 4-a shakeout port; 5-a multi-material composite sand paving system; 6, a powder spreading roller; 7-lifting platform device; 8-a printing system; 9 infrared heating system.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for molding a multi-material composite sand mold.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in the following drawings and detailed description, which are to be understood as being merely illustrative of the invention and not limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
As shown in fig. 1, the device comprises a raw sand particle storage tank 1 and a curing agent storage tank 2; the device comprises a vacuum sand feeding system 3, a printing system 8 of a multi-material composite sand mould sand paving system 5, an infrared heating system 9 and a lifting platform device 7; wherein the discharge pipes of the raw sand particle storage box 1 and the curing agent storage box 2 are connected with a vacuum sand feeding system 3; the bottom of the vacuum sand feeding system 3 is provided with a sand falling port 4; wherein the multi-material composite sand mould sand-paving system 5 is positioned below the sand shakeout port 4; the multi-material composite sand mould sanding system 5 is positioned beside one side of the lifting platform device 7, and a powder paving roller 6 is arranged on the side of the bottom; a printing system 8 is arranged above the lifting platform device 7; the printing system 8 is mounted to the left of the infrared heating system 9.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method for molding a multi-material composite sand mold according to the present embodiment includes the following steps:
step 1: selecting a molding sand formula according to the three-dimensional model;
step 2: the computer carries out layering slicing treatment on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain two-dimensional slicing information of each layer;
step 3: processing slice information of the 3D printing and 3DP technology, and transforming slice data according to slice characteristics to obtain final slice information; setting layering thickness, namely paving and printing a certain layer thickness n of sand mould without special structure, wherein n is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, and improving forming efficiency; the sand mold with a special structure is manufactured by single-layer material adding and single-layer material reducing, so that the precision of the sand mold is improved;
step 4: during sand mould preparation, additive manufacturing is firstly carried out, the proportioned raw sand particles are pumped into a sand mixer through a vacuum sand feeding system 3, and a curing agent enters the sand mixer through a peristaltic pump; wherein the raw sand particles are stored in a raw sand particle storage box 1, and the curing agent is stored in a curing agent storage box 2;
step 5: uniformly stirring raw sand particles and a curing agent in a sand mixer to obtain sand particles premixed with the curing agent;
step 6: uniformly loading sand particles premixed with a curing agent into a sand paving groove of a multi-material composite sand paving system 5 through a sand shakeout port 4, and completing a sand loading process;
step 7: the multi-material composite sand paving system 5 moves from left to right, sand particles pre-mixed with curing agents in a sand paving groove are subjected to a sand paving process on the lifting platform device 7 through the vibration sand shakeout device;
step 8: the right side of the multi-material composite sand paving system 5 moves to the left side, and sand particles premixed with curing agents are paved on a lifting platform device 7 through a powder paving roller 6;
step 9: the printing system 8 moves from the right side to the left side, and the array nozzle sprays the current layer of resin; the infrared heating system 9 heats, and the temperature of an infrared heating pipe in the infrared heating system 9 is 275-374 ℃; and (3) carrying out heating and curing of the current layer by the external heating system, returning to the starting position after the stroke is finished, and carrying out secondary heating and curing of the current layer by the infrared heating system.
Step 10: the printing platform device 7 descends by one layer thickness; after each layer of sand is paved and printed, scanning and heating can be carried out, so that the curing speed of the current layer of sand mould is accelerated.
Step 11: repeating the steps 3 to 10, and manufacturing layer by layer until the preparation of the composite sand mould is completed;
step 14: and cleaning the waste sand and taking out the sand mould.
The molding sand can be one or more of quartz sand, ceramic sand, chromite sand, zircon sand, magnesia and olivine sand; the molding sand is casting refractory molding sand.
The binder is one of furan resin binder, phenolic resin binder and inorganic binder.
In the sand mould preparation process, the processing chamber is continuously filled with nitrogen so as to ensure the safety of the sintering process.
The computer of the embodiment carries out layering slicing treatment on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain two-dimensional slicing information of each layer; pumping the raw sand particles in a certain proportion into a sand mixer through a vacuum sand feeding system 3, enabling a curing agent storage box 2 to enter the sand mixer through a peristaltic pump, and uniformly stirring the raw sand particles and the curing agent in the sand mixer to obtain sand particles premixed with the curing agent; then evenly loading the molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent into a sand spreading groove of a multi-material composite molding sand spreading system 5 through a sand falling opening 4; further moving the multi-material composite sand paving system from the left side to the right side, and carrying out a sand shakeout procedure on sand particles premixed with a curing agent in a sand paving groove through a vibration sand shakeout device; the multi-material composite sand paving system 5 moves from the right side to the left side, and paving the sand particles pre-mixed with the curing agent through a powder paving roller; the computer controls the printing system 8 to move from the right side to the left side, the array nozzle sprays the current layer of resin, the infrared heating system heats and cures the current layer, the computer returns to the starting position after the stroke is finished, and the infrared heating system 9 heats and cures the current layer secondarily; at this time, a layer of multi-material composite sand mould is prepared; the lifting platform descends by one layer thickness; repeating the steps, and carrying out layer-by-layer additive compounding until the preparation of a compound sand mold is completed; and finally, cleaning the waste sand and taking out the composite sand mold.
The technical means disclosed by the scheme of the invention is not limited to the technical means disclosed by the embodiment, and also comprises the technical scheme formed by any combination of the technical features.
Claims (4)
1. A multi-material composite sand mould forming method is characterized in that a multi-material composite sand mould forming device is utilized, and the device comprises a raw sand particle storage box (1) and a curing agent storage box (2); the device comprises a vacuum sand feeding system (3), a multi-material composite sand mould sand paving system (5), a printing system (8), an infrared heating system (9) and a lifting platform device (7); wherein the discharge pipes of the raw sand particle storage box (1) and the curing agent storage box (2) are connected with a vacuum sand feeding system (3); the bottom of the vacuum sand feeding system (3) is provided with a sand falling port (4); wherein the multi-material composite sand mould sand-paving system (5) is positioned below the sand shakeout port (4); the multi-material composite sand mould sand paving system (5) is positioned beside one side of the lifting platform device (7), and a powder paving roller (6) is arranged on the side edge of the bottom; a printing system (8) is arranged above the lifting platform device (7); the printing system (8) is arranged at the left side of the infrared heating system (9); the temperature of an infrared heating pipe in the infrared heating system (9) is 275-374 ℃;
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a molding sand formula according to the three-dimensional model;
step 2: the computer carries out layering slicing treatment on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain two-dimensional slicing information of each layer;
step 3: processing slice information of a required 3D printing technology, and carrying out transformation on slice data according to slice characteristics to obtain final slice information; setting layering thickness, namely paving and printing a certain layer thickness n of sand mould without special structure, wherein n is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, and improving forming efficiency; the sand mold with a special structure is manufactured by single-layer material adding and single-layer material reducing, so that the precision of the sand mold is improved;
step 4: during sand mould preparation, additive manufacturing is firstly carried out, the proportioned raw sand particles are pumped into a sand mixer through a vacuum sand feeding system (3), and a curing agent enters the sand mixer through a peristaltic pump; wherein the raw sand particles are stored in a raw sand particle storage box (1), and the curing agent is stored in a curing agent storage box (2);
step 5: uniformly stirring raw sand particles and a curing agent in a sand mixer to obtain sand particles premixed with the curing agent;
step 6: uniformly filling sand particles pre-mixed with a curing agent into a sand paving groove of a multi-material composite sand paving system (5) through a sand falling port (4), and completing a sand filling process;
step 7: the multi-material composite sand paving system (5) moves from the left side to the right side, sand particles premixed with curing agents in a sand paving groove are subjected to a sand paving process on the lifting platform device (7) through the vibration sand shakeout device;
step 8: the right side of the multi-material composite sand paving system (5) moves to the left side, and sand particles premixed with curing agent are paved on a lifting platform device (7) through a powder paving roller (6);
step 9: the printing system (8) moves from the right side to the left side, and the array nozzle sprays the current layer of resin; the infrared heating system carries out the heating and curing of the current layer, returns to the starting position after the stroke is finished, and carries out the secondary heating and curing of the current layer;
step 10: the printing platform device (7) descends by one layer thickness;
step 11: repeating the steps 3 to 10, and manufacturing layer by layer until the preparation of the composite sand mould is completed;
after each layer of sand is paved and printed, scanning and heating are carried out, so that the curing speed of the current layer of sand mould is accelerated; in the sand mould preparation process, the processing chamber is continuously filled with nitrogen to ensure the safety of the sintering process;
step 12: and cleaning the waste sand and taking out the sand mould.
2. The multi-material composite sand mould forming method according to claim 1, wherein the multi-material composite sand mould sand laying system (5) adopts a mode of combining a vibration shakeout device with a powder laying roller (6).
3. The method for molding a multi-material composite sand mold according to claim 1, wherein the molding sand is one or more of quartz sand, ceramic sand, chromite sand, zircon sand, magnesia sand and olivine sand.
4. A method of molding a multi-material composite sand mold according to claim 1, wherein the molding sand used is foundry refractory molding sand.
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| CN114749625A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-15 | 重庆江增船舶重工有限公司 | 3D printing sand mold and molding method for bearing shell of supercharger |
| CN114918371B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-04-25 | 南京航空航天大学 | High-flexibility multi-region sand paving method and device for multi-material sand mould printing |
| CN115026241B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2023-05-26 | 南京航空航天大学 | Efficient additive manufacturing method and device for stepless adjustment of special-shaped revolving body sand mold |
| CN116372113B (en) * | 2023-02-09 | 2023-12-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Sand mould printing interlayer enhanced magnetic induction balanced load heating method and device |
| CN116493609B (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-10-31 | 南京航空航天大学 | Combined sand mould additive manufacturing multi-material integrated sand paving device and method |
| CN116372189B (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-12-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multi-model segmentation and pattern filling printing method for sand mould additive manufacturing |
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| JPH09141385A (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1997-06-03 | Toyota Motor Corp | Lamination molding method for sand casting mold and production of casting by using the same |
| CN104999031A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-10-28 | 宁波高新区多维时空科技有限公司 | Rapid manufacturing method for sprayed and cured molding sand |
| TW201720661A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-06-16 | Yuanyu (Lianyungang) Industry Co Ltd | Casting method using 3D-printed shell mold skipping the shell mold making process in the traditional process and improving the production efficiency |
| CN107321917A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-07 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | A kind of many material sand mold 3D printing manufacturing process |
| EP3681721A4 (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2021-08-04 | Magnus Metal Ltd. | Device and method for additive casting of parts |
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| CN110744302B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-20 | 华中科技大学 | Material increasing and decreasing composite manufacturing system and method for robot-numerical control machine tool |
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