CN114289685A - Multi-material composite sand mold forming method and device - Google Patents
Multi-material composite sand mold forming method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114289685A CN114289685A CN202210032429.3A CN202210032429A CN114289685A CN 114289685 A CN114289685 A CN 114289685A CN 202210032429 A CN202210032429 A CN 202210032429A CN 114289685 A CN114289685 A CN 114289685A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and discloses a method and a device for forming a multi-material composite sand mold. The device comprises a molding sand pretreatment system, a vacuum sand feeding system, a multi-material sand paving system, a printing system, an infrared heating system and a lifting platform device. The method carries out additive manufacturing through a 3D printing (3 DP) technology, realizes preparation of the multi-material composite sand mold by combining the advantages of strong flexible manufacturing capability, high forming quality and high efficiency of the 3D printing (3 DP) technology, and has great innovation, application, popularization and use values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a multi-material composite sand mold forming method and device.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology based on sand mould 3D printing has the characteristics of strong flexible manufacturing capability, high dimensional accuracy, energy conservation and material reduction. However, the molding material is limited and single. The single molding material cannot have casting performances such as excellent strength, air permeability, gas forming amount and the like, and parameters such as local thermal conductivity coefficient, interface heat exchange coefficient, thermal expansibility and the like of a casting mold are low, so that the complex casting has poor structure property, mechanical property and low dimensional precision, and the requirement of high-performance casting of high-end complex castings is difficult to meet. The innovation, the development of new equipment, the exploration of new processes and the development of novel composite materials are urgently needed to complete the preparation of multi-material and multifunctional composite sand molds.
The 3D printing (3 DP) technology is used for manufacturing parts by bonding resin sand into a whole, a three-dimensional model of a casting mold is firstly established when the 3D printing (3 DP) technology is formed, and a computer carries out layered slicing processing on the three-dimensional geometric model of a printing sand mold; then generating a printing pattern of each layer according to the two-dimensional outline data of each layer of sand mold to obtain section information; sand grains premixed with curing agents are stored in a sand paving groove for sand paving, a printing nozzle sprays resin binders according to section information, the resin binders and the curing agents are subjected to crosslinking reaction, and the resin binders and the curing agents are cured layer by layer and stacked for forming; and (4) after the sand mold is prepared, cleaning the sand mold, and removing floating sand on the surface. The sand mold formed based on the 3D printing (3 DP) technique has the following disadvantages: (1) the material is limited and single; (2) the sand paving system can only pave the molding sand particles made of single materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the method and the device for forming the multi-material composite sand mold are provided by combining the advantages of high flexible manufacturing capability, high strength of the formed sand mold and the like of a 3D printing (3 DP) technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a multi-material composite sand mold forming method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a molding sand formula according to the three-dimensional model;
step 2: the computer carries out layered slicing processing on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain two-dimensional slice information of each layer;
and step 3: processing the slice information of the 3D printing and 3DP technology, and transforming the slice data according to slice characteristics to obtain final slice information; setting a sand mold with layered thickness and no special structure, firstly laying and printing a certain layer thickness n, wherein n is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, and improving the forming efficiency; the sand mould with a special structure is subjected to single-layer material increase and single-layer material reduction manufacturing, so that the sand mould precision is improved;
and 4, step 4: when the sand mold is prepared, firstly additive manufacturing is carried out, the proportioned raw sand particles are pumped into a sand mixer through a vacuum sand feeding system, and a curing agent is pumped into the sand mixer through a peristaltic pump; the raw sand particles are stored in a raw sand particle storage box, and the curing agent is stored in a curing agent storage box;
and 5: uniformly stirring the raw sand particles and the curing agent in the sand mixer to obtain molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent;
step 6: uniformly filling the molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent into a sand-spreading groove of the multi-material composite molding sand-spreading system through a shakeout opening, and finishing a sand-filling process;
and 7: the multi-material composite sand paving system moves from the left side to the right side, and sand paving working procedures are carried out on the molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent in the sand paving groove on the lifting platform device through the vibration shakeout device;
and 8: the right side of the multi-material composite sanding system moves to the left side, and the molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent are paved on the lifting platform device through the powder paving roller;
and step 9: the printing system moves from the right side to the left side, and the array spray head sprays resin on the current layer;
step 10: the printing platform device descends one layer thickness;
step 11: repeating the steps 3 to 10, and manufacturing layer by layer until the preparation of the composite sand mold is completed;
step 14: and cleaning waste sand and taking out the sand mold.
The invention further prefers: after each layer of molding sand is paved and printed, scanning and heating are carried out, and the curing speed of the current layer of molding sand is accelerated.
The invention further prefers: the multi-material composite sand laying system adopts a mode of combining a vibration shakeout device and a powder laying roller.
The invention further prefers: the molding sand can be one or more of quartz sand, ceramsite sand, chromite sand, zircon sand, magnesia and olivine sand.
The invention further prefers: the molding sand is casting refractory molding sand, and the common particle size is 70/140 meshes.
The invention further prefers: the binder is one of furan resin binder, phenolic resin binder and inorganic binder.
The invention further prefers: in the process of preparing the sand mold, the processing chamber is continuously filled with nitrogen to ensure the safety of the sintering process.
A multi-material composite sand mold forming device comprises a raw sand particle storage box and a curing agent storage box; the device comprises a vacuum sand feeding system, a multi-material composite sand mold sanding system, a printing system, an infrared heating system and a lifting platform device; wherein the discharging pipes of the raw sand particle storage box and the curing agent storage box are connected with a vacuum sanding system; the bottom of the vacuum sand feeding system is provided with a sand falling port; wherein the multi-material composite sand mold sanding system is positioned below the shakeout opening; the multi-material composite sand mold sanding system is positioned beside one side of the lifting platform device, and the side edge of the bottom of the multi-material composite sand mold sanding system is provided with sanding powder; a printing system is arranged above the lifting platform device; the printing system is arranged on the left side of the infrared heating system; wherein the temperature of the infrared heating pipe in the infrared heating system is 275-374 ℃.
The invention discloses a method for preparing a composite molding sand material, which comprises the following steps of firstly, selecting a required composite molding sand material according to a molding sand model; the computer carries out layered slicing processing on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain two-dimensional slice information of each layer; pumping the raw sand particles in a certain ratio into a sand mixer through a vacuum sand feeding system, feeding a curing agent 2 into the sand mixer through a peristaltic pump, and uniformly stirring the raw sand particles and the curing agent in the sand mixer to obtain molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent; uniformly filling the molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent into a sand paving groove of the multi-material composite molding sand paving system through a shakeout opening; further moving the multi-material composite sand laying system from the left side to the right side, and carrying out a shakeout process on the molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent in the sand laying tank through a vibration shakeout device; the multi-material composite sand spreading system moves from the right side to the left side, and sand particles premixed with the curing agent are spread flat through the powder spreading roller; the computer controls the printing system to move from the right side to the left side, the array nozzle sprays resin on the current layer, the infrared heating system heats and solidifies the current layer, and returns to the initial position after the stroke is finished, and the infrared heating system heats and solidifies the second layer of the current layer; at the moment, the preparation of the multi-material composite sand mold is finished for one time; the lifting platform descends one layer thick; repeating the steps, and performing additive compounding layer by layer until the preparation of the composite sand mold is completed; and finally, cleaning waste sand and taking out the composite sand mold.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) filling the limited and single vacancy of the sand mold 3D printing material;
(2) the multi-material composite casting mold is formed by a sand mold 3D printing technology, multifunctional and gradient sand mold preparation is realized, high-efficiency and high-precision preparation of the casting mold is realized, and comprehensive regulation and control of the microstructure and the mechanical property of a casting are completed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multi-material composite sand mold forming apparatus;
wherein 1-a raw sand particle storage box; 2-curing agent storage box; 3-vacuum sanding system; 4-a shakeout port; 5-a multi-material composite sand spreading system; 6-spreading a powder roller; 7-a lifting platform device; 8-a printing system; 9 infrared heating system.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a multi-material composite sand mold forming method.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative of the invention and not as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
As shown in fig. 1, the device comprises a raw sand particle storage tank 1 and a curing agent storage tank 2; the system comprises a vacuum sand feeding system 3, a multi-material composite sand mold sanding system 5, a printing system 8, an infrared heating system 9 and a lifting platform device 7; wherein the discharging pipes of the raw sand particle storage tank 1 and the curing agent storage tank 2 are both connected with a vacuum sand feeding system 3; the bottom of the vacuum sand feeding system 3 is provided with a shakeout opening 4; wherein the multi-material composite sand mold sanding system 5 is positioned below the shakeout opening 4; the multi-material composite sand mold sanding system 5 is positioned beside one side of the lifting platform device 7, and the bottom side is provided with a sanding powder 6; a printing system 8 is arranged above the lifting platform device 7; the printing system 8 is installed on the left side of the infrared heating system 9.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method for forming a multi-material composite sand mold of the present embodiment includes the steps of:
step 1: selecting a molding sand formula according to the three-dimensional model;
step 2: the computer carries out layered slicing processing on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain two-dimensional slice information of each layer;
and step 3: processing the slice information of the 3D printing and 3DP technology, and transforming the slice data according to slice characteristics to obtain final slice information; setting a sand mold with layered thickness and no special structure, firstly laying and printing a certain layer thickness n, wherein n is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, and improving the forming efficiency; the sand mould with a special structure is subjected to single-layer material increase and single-layer material reduction manufacturing, so that the sand mould precision is improved;
and 4, step 4: when the sand mold is prepared, firstly additive manufacturing is carried out, proportioned raw sand particles are pumped into a sand mixer through a vacuum sand feeding system 3, and a curing agent is pumped into the sand mixer through a peristaltic pump; wherein, the raw sand particles are stored in a raw sand particle storage box 1, and the curing agent is stored in a curing agent storage box 2;
and 5: uniformly stirring the raw sand particles and the curing agent in the sand mixer to obtain molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent;
step 6: uniformly filling the molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent into a sand paving groove of a multi-material composite molding sand paving system 5 through a shakeout opening 4, and finishing a sand filling process;
and 7: the multi-material composite sand paving system 5 moves from the left side to the right side, and sand paving working procedures are carried out on the molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent in the sand paving groove on the lifting platform device 7 through the vibration shakeout device;
and 8: the right side of the multi-material composite sand paving system 5 moves to the left side, and the molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent are paved on a lifting platform device 7 through a powder paving roller 6;
and step 9: the printing system 8 moves from the right side to the left side, and the array nozzle sprays resin on the current layer; heating by an infrared heating system 9, wherein the temperature of an infrared heating pipe in the infrared heating system 9 is 275-374 ℃; the outer heating system carries out heating and curing on the current layer, returns to the initial position after the stroke is finished, and the infrared heating system carries out heating and curing on the second layer of the current layer.
Step 10: the printing platform arrangement 7 is lowered by one layer thickness; after each layer of molding sand is laid and printed, scanning and heating are carried out, and the curing speed of the current layer of sand mold is accelerated.
Step 11: repeating the steps 3 to 10, and manufacturing layer by layer until the preparation of the composite sand mold is completed;
step 14: and cleaning waste sand and taking out the sand mold.
The molding sand can be one or more of quartz sand, ceramsite sand, chromite sand, zircon sand, magnesia and olivine sand; the molding sand is casting refractory molding sand.
The binder is one of furan resin binder, phenolic resin binder and inorganic binder.
In the process of preparing the sand mold, the processing chamber is continuously filled with nitrogen to ensure the safety of the sintering process.
The computer carries out layered slicing processing on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain two-dimensional slice information of each layer; pumping the raw sand particles in a certain ratio into a sand mixer through a vacuum sand feeding system 3, enabling a curing agent storage tank 2 to enter the sand mixer through a peristaltic pump, and uniformly stirring the raw sand particles and the curing agent in the sand mixer to obtain molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent; then uniformly filling the molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent into a sand paving groove of a multi-material composite molding sand paving system 5 through a shakeout opening 4; further moving the multi-material composite sand laying system from the left side to the right side, and carrying out a shakeout process on the molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent in the sand laying tank through a vibration shakeout device; the multi-material composite sand paving system 5 moves from the right side to the left side, and sand particles premixed with the curing agent are paved through a powder paving roller; the computer controls the printing system 8 to move from the right side to the left side, the array nozzle sprays resin on the current layer, the infrared heating system heats and cures the current layer, and returns to the initial position after the stroke is finished, and the infrared heating system 9 heats and cures the two layers of the current layer; at the moment, the preparation of the multi-material composite sand mold is finished for one time; the lifting platform descends one layer thick; repeating the steps, and performing additive compounding layer by layer until the preparation of the composite sand mold is completed; and finally, cleaning waste sand and taking out the composite sand mold.
The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features.
Claims (9)
1. A multi-material composite sand mold forming method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting a molding sand formula according to the three-dimensional model;
step 2: the computer carries out layered slicing processing on the three-dimensional geometric model to obtain two-dimensional slice information of each layer;
and step 3: processing the slice information of the 3D printing and 3DP technology, and transforming the slice data according to slice characteristics to obtain final slice information; setting a sand mold with layered thickness and no special structure, firstly laying and printing a certain layer thickness n, wherein n is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, and improving the forming efficiency; the sand mould with a special structure is subjected to single-layer material increase and single-layer material reduction manufacturing, so that the sand mould precision is improved;
and 4, step 4: when the sand mold is prepared, firstly additive manufacturing is carried out, the proportioned raw sand particles are pumped into a sand mixer through a vacuum sand feeding system (3), and a curing agent is pumped into the sand mixer through a peristaltic pump; wherein the raw sand particles are stored in a raw sand particle storage box (1), and the curing agent is stored in a curing agent storage box (2);
and 5: uniformly stirring the raw sand particles and the curing agent in the sand mixer to obtain molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent;
step 6: uniformly filling the molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent into a sand paving groove of a multi-material composite molding sand paving system (5) through a shakeout opening (4), and finishing a sand filling process;
and 7: the multi-material composite sand paving system (5) moves from the left side to the right side, and sand paving working procedures are carried out on the molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent in the sand paving groove on the lifting platform device (7) through the vibration shakeout device;
and 8: the right side of the multi-material composite sand paving system (5) moves to the left side, and the molding sand particles premixed with the curing agent are paved on a lifting platform device (7) through a powder paving roller (6);
and step 9: the printing system (8) moves from the right side to the left side, and the array spray head sprays resin on the current layer;
step 10: the printing platform device (7) descends one layer thickness;
step 11: repeating the steps 3 to 10, and manufacturing layer by layer until the preparation of the composite sand mold is completed;
step 14: and cleaning waste sand and taking out the sand mold.
2. A multi-material composite sand mold forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that after each layer of molding sand is laid and printed, scanning heating is carried out to accelerate the curing speed of the current layer of sand mold.
3. A method of forming a multi-material composite sand mould according to claim 1, characterised in that the multi-material composite sand spreading system (5) is implemented by a combination of a vibrating shakeout device and a dusting roller (6).
4. A method for forming a multi-material composite sand mould according to claim 1, wherein the moulding sand is one or more of quartz sand, ceramsite sand, chromite sand, zircon sand, magnesia sand and olivine sand.
5. A method of forming a multi-material composite sand mould according to claim 1, in which the moulding sand is foundry refractory sand.
6. A method of forming a multi-material composite sand mould according to claim 1, characterised in that the binder used is one of a furan resin binder, a phenolic resin binder, an inorganic binder.
7. A method of forming a multi-material composite sand mould according to claim 1, characterised in that during the sand mould preparation process the process chamber is constantly filled with nitrogen to ensure safety of the sintering process.
8. A multi-material composite sand mold forming device is characterized by comprising a raw sand particle storage box (1) and a curing agent storage box (2); the device comprises a vacuum sand feeding system (3), a multi-material composite sand mold sanding system (5), a printing system (8), an infrared heating system (9) and a lifting platform device (7); wherein the discharging pipes of the raw sand particle storage box (1) and the curing agent storage box (2) are connected with a vacuum sand feeding system (3); the bottom of the vacuum sand feeding system (3) is provided with a sand falling port (4); wherein the multi-material composite sand mold sanding system (5) is positioned below the shakeout opening (4); the multi-material composite sand mold sanding system (5) is positioned beside one side of the lifting platform device (7), and the side edge of the bottom of the multi-material composite sand mold sanding system is provided with a sanding powder (6); a printing system (8) is arranged above the lifting platform device (7); the printing system (8) is installed on the left side of the infrared heating system (9).
9. A multi-material composite sand mould forming apparatus according to claim 8, characterised in that the temperature of the infrared heating tubes in the infrared heating system (9) is 275 ℃ to 374 ℃.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN114749625A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-15 | 重庆江增船舶重工有限公司 | 3D printing sand mold and molding method for bearing shell of supercharger |
| CN114918371A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | High-flexibility multi-region sanding method and device for multi-material sand mold printing |
| CN115026241A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | Stepless-adjustment efficient additive manufacturing method and device for special-shaped revolving body sand mold |
| CN116372189A (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-07-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multi-model segmentation and pattern filling printing method for sand mould additive manufacturing |
| CN116372113A (en) * | 2023-02-09 | 2023-07-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | Sand mould printing interlayer enhanced magnetic induction balanced load heating method and device |
| CN116493609A (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-07-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Combined sand mould additive manufacturing multi-material integrated sand paving device and method |
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| CN114749625A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-15 | 重庆江增船舶重工有限公司 | 3D printing sand mold and molding method for bearing shell of supercharger |
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| CN115026241A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | Stepless-adjustment efficient additive manufacturing method and device for special-shaped revolving body sand mold |
| CN116372113A (en) * | 2023-02-09 | 2023-07-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | Sand mould printing interlayer enhanced magnetic induction balanced load heating method and device |
| CN116372113B (en) * | 2023-02-09 | 2023-12-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Sand mould printing interlayer enhanced magnetic induction balanced load heating method and device |
| CN116493609A (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-07-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Combined sand mould additive manufacturing multi-material integrated sand paving device and method |
| CN116493609B (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-10-31 | 南京航空航天大学 | Combined sand mould additive manufacturing multi-material integrated sand paving device and method |
| CN116372189A (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-07-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multi-model segmentation and pattern filling printing method for sand mould additive manufacturing |
| CN116372189B (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-12-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multi-model segmentation and pattern filling printing method for sand mould additive manufacturing |
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