CN110698211A - Additive manufacturing silicon carbide ceramic grate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing silicon carbide ceramic grate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110698211A CN110698211A CN201911073378.3A CN201911073378A CN110698211A CN 110698211 A CN110698211 A CN 110698211A CN 201911073378 A CN201911073378 A CN 201911073378A CN 110698211 A CN110698211 A CN 110698211A
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- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses an additive manufacturing silicon carbide ceramic grate and a preparation method thereof. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the silicon carbide ceramic grate, which comprises the steps of grate design drawing, raw material preparation, blank body manufacturing, blank body pretreatment, grate finish firing and the like. The silicon carbide ceramic grate prepared by the method can prolong the service life of the grate, improve the incineration temperature of the grate incinerator, improve the comprehensive economic benefit and have huge application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a silicon carbide ceramic grate manufactured by additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a silicon carbide ceramic grate suitable for environmental protection equipment and a garbage incinerator and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of boiler manufacturing equipment.
Background
Biomass can be a clean renewable energy source. The biomass burning power generation can replace the fossil fuel burning power generation and can reduce CO2Isothermal chamber gas emission reduces solid waste particulate matter emission. Household garbage is a solid pollutant which is a major concern worldwide. The method for generating power by incinerating garbage is an effective method aiming at the problem of domestic garbage treatment at present. The key equipment for burning biomass or domestic garbage is a high-temperature incinerator. The grate type incinerator has the advantages of low requirement on pretreatment of incinerated substances, wide application range of the calorific value of the incinerated substances, simplicity and convenience in operation and maintenance and the like, and is widely adopted by China and many countries.
However, domestic biomass fuel has high moisture and low heat value, and is usually in a mixed form of multiple fuels; and domestic household garbage has low classification degree, and contains more hard, corrosive and non-combustible substances. The burning of rubbish and biomass fuel is not enough, and the fuel that does not burn completely falls the sediment and discharges, can lead to the fuel utilization ratio low, also can lead to the solid useless emission of fuel sediment, the not enough waste gas of burning and harmful substance (for example dioxin) to discharge, and then brings the secondary pollution of environment. In order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to take measures such as optimizing the design structure of the grate type incinerator, increasing the incineration temperature of the incinerator, and improving the material of the incinerator.
The fire grate is a part for stacking and effectively burning solid fuel in a boiler or an industrial furnace, and is a key part in a fire grate incinerator. The necessary ventilation gap is kept between the assembled back pieces of the fire grate and the pieces, and a separated ventilation chamber which can adjust the air volume is arranged below the fire grate, so that the air enters the fuel layer through the gap to be combusted. Therefore, in order to ensure high performance of the grate incinerator, the structural design of the grate is often very complicated, such as a vibrating grate, a chain grate, a reciprocating grate and the like.
The fire grate is generally made of heat-resistant, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant cast steel, medium-silicon heat-resistant cast iron, chromium-containing heat-resistant cast iron, high-chromium molybdenum alloy and other materials, so that the structural property and the functionality of the fire grate are ensured, and the formability of the fire grate design is also ensured. However, the existing cast metal grates still have the following problems:
1. the fire grate of the metal casting has poor high temperature resistance, even the heat-resistant temperature of the silicon-aluminum heat-resistant cast iron with better high temperature resistance is only 1000 ℃, and the oxidation-resistant temperature of the high-chromium heat-resistant cast iron with better oxidation resistance is only 1000 ℃. In order to fully burn biomass fuel and domestic garbage in a grate type incinerator and reduce the emission of insufficient combustion waste gas and harmful substances (the full decomposition temperature of dioxin reaches more than 1100 ℃), the combustion temperature and the oxygen content in the incinerator are inevitably improved, but the existing metal casting grate is difficult to meet the requirement of long-time use at the high temperature of more than 1100 ℃;
2. the wear resistance of the metal casting fire grate is poor, and the friction between the solid fuel and the fire grate and between the fire grate and the fire grate can cause the abrasion of the fire grate, particularly the long-term abrasion in a high-temperature environment, so that the service life of the fire grate is influenced;
3. the metal casting fire grate has insufficient high-temperature mechanical strength, is easy to be burnt and deformed and easy to damage, even has possibility of causing the fire grate to collapse, needs frequent maintenance and affects the production efficiency;
4. the density of the metal casting fire grate is high (6.6-8.0 g-cm)～3) The specific gravity is large, the weight is heavy, and the transmission energy consumption is high;
5. the casting and the processing grate piece of the metal casting grate have long period and high cost, the replacement process is complex, and the economic cost and the labor intensity are invisibly improved.
There are also ceramic grates, such as those disclosed in the national intellectual property network patent CN2445209Y and CN203384957U, which are based on grate design. The ceramic material is part of the components of the integral structure of the fire grate, and the integral performance of the fire grate is still limited by insufficient performance of local materials due to the limitation of the structural design. The ceramic material is of unknown type, the integral performance of the fire grate is difficult to be determined, and the high-temperature mechanical property of the ceramic material is insufficient and is not suitable for driving fire grates such as a vibrating fire grate, a chain fire grate, a reciprocating fire grate and the like. Also discloses a patent CN2553251Y relating to a silicon carbide high temperature resistant back-burning grate, which has a single structural shape and is only suitable for vertical or horizontal natural ventilation coal-fired furnaces. Moreover, the above patents do not describe the preparation method, and if the fire grate is prepared by the traditional ceramic process, the fire grate is very complicated and difficult to form and process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a silicon carbide ceramic grate and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving a plurality of problems and defects of the existing metal casting grate and ceramic grate, being beneficial to expanding the applicability of the grate, improving the comprehensive performance of a grate incinerator and reducing the preparation and processing difficulty of an integrated and structured grate.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a silicon carbide ceramic grate which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the grate is made of silicon carbide ceramic or a silicon carbide ceramic composite material, wherein a silicon carbide crystal phase accounts for 70-99% of the mass fraction, a free silicon phase accounts for 0-30% of the mass fraction, a free carbon phase accounts for 0-10% of the mass fraction, and other phases account for 0-2% of the mass fraction; wherein the other phases are oxide, nitride or carbide mixed phases of one or more elements of B, Al and Fe and trace pores.
The density of the silicon carbide ceramic grate is 2.70-3.10 g-cm～3The relative density is more than or equal to 98 percent, the three-point bending strength is more than or equal to 200MPa, the elastic modulus is more than or equal to 250GPa, the Vickers hardness Hv0.5 is more than or equal to 2000, and the ultimate service temperature is 1600 ℃.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the silicon carbide ceramic grate, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) designing the silicon carbide ceramic grate structurally and functionally, drawing an engineering drawing and constructing a three-dimensional model;
(2) preparing silicon carbide ceramic grate raw materials: the mass portion of the silicon carbide powder is 10-95; 1-50 parts of binder; the mass part of the curing agent is 1-5 parts; the mass part of the carbon source is 0-40 parts; 0-10 parts of an auxiliary agent; the mass portion of the solvent is the residual amount, and the raw materials are put into a mixer to be uniformly mixed to obtain mixed slurry or mixed powder;
(3) manufacturing a silicon carbide ceramic grate blank: inputting the grate three-dimensional model designed and constructed in the step (1) into additive manufacturing equipment, loading the grate raw material in the step (2) into a hopper of the additive manufacturing equipment, and manufacturing a blank body of the silicon carbide ceramic grate by adopting one of a three-dimensional printing technology, a slurry extrusion technology, a slurry stereolithography technology, a powder laser curing technology or a selective laser sintering technology;
(4) pretreating a silicon carbide ceramic grate blank: cleaning the silicon carbide ceramic grate blank in the step (3), and pretreating the silicon carbide ceramic grate blank by adopting a baking process and a pre-sintering process to obtain a pre-sintered body;
(5) final firing of the silicon carbide ceramic grate: and (5) placing the pre-sintered body in the step (4) in a vacuum furnace or an atmosphere furnace, and performing high-temperature sintering treatment to obtain the silicon carbide ceramic grate.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of forming the silicon carbide ceramic grate comprises:
the binder in the step (2) is one or a combination of more of epoxy resin, phenolic resin, novolac epoxy resin, furan resin, urea resin, polyurethane, polythiol, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate or polyvinyl butyral;
the curing agent in the step (2) is one or more of water-soluble sol, acid, amine, acid anhydride or ester curing agent;
the carbon source in the step (2) is one or a combination of graphite, amorphous carbon, fiber and polysaccharide;
the auxiliary agent in the step (2) is one or a combination of more of a sintering auxiliary agent, a defoaming agent, a dispersing agent, a photoinitiator, a photosensitizer and a diluent;
the solvent in the step (2) is one or more of water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, glycol, xylene, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether.
The silicon carbide powder is silicon carbide ceramic particles with the particle size range of 0.1-300 mu m.
And (4) transferring the blank body of the silicon carbide ceramic grate in the step (3) into an oven, heating to 90-250 ℃ at a heating speed of 0.5-10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 0.5-5 h.
The pre-sintering process in the step (4) is to transfer the baked blank of the silicon carbide ceramic grate into a pre-sintering furnace in Ar atmosphere or N2Heating to 700-1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-10 ℃/min under the atmosphere or vacuum environment, and preserving heat for 0.5-5 h.
The high-temperature sintering treatment in the step (5) is normal-pressure sintering, wherein the normal-pressure sintering is to place the pre-sintered body of the silicon carbide ceramic grate in Ar atmosphere and N2In the atmosphere or vacuum environment, the temperature is raised to 1800-2100 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 0.5-10 ℃/min, and the temperature is preserved for 1-10 h.
The high-temperature sintering treatment in the step (5) is reaction sintering, wherein the reaction sintering is to embed the silicon carbide ceramic grate preburning body with metal silicon particles, place the embedded metal silicon particles in Ar atmosphere, and place N2Heating to 1300-1800 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-10 ℃/min in the atmosphere or in a vacuum environment, and preserving heat for 0.5-5 h.
The high-temperature sintering treatment of the step (5) is hot pressingSintering, wherein the hot-pressing sintering is to load 5-60 MPa pressure on the pre-sintered body of the silicon carbide ceramic grate, place the pre-sintered body in Ar atmosphere and place N2Heating to 1700-2000 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-10 ℃/min in the atmosphere or in a vacuum environment, and preserving heat for 0.5-3 h.
After the formula and the steps are adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention firstly proposes that the silicon carbide ceramic is used as a base material to replace a metal casting to manufacture the fire grate, and the service life of the fire grate can be greatly prolonged. The silicon carbide ceramic has the excellent performances of high hardness, good wear resistance, high-temperature strength, good thermal stability, strong oxidation resistance, small thermal expansion coefficient, high thermal conductivity, thermal shock resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and the like. Therefore, the silicon carbide ceramic substrate is adopted as the fire grate, the performances of wear resistance, oxidation resistance, high temperature resistance and the like of the fire grate can be obviously improved, the long-term wear of the fire grate is reduced, the high-temperature deformation of the fire grate is avoided, and the service cycle of the fire grate can be at least prolonged by 1.5 times.
2. The invention firstly proposes to use the silicon carbide ceramic to replace metal castings as the base material to manufacture the fire grate, and the silicon carbide ceramic has excellent high-temperature mechanical property, so that the incineration temperature of the blast-grate type incinerator can be increased to more than 1100 ℃, even 1300 ℃, thereby being beneficial to improving the fuel utilization rate, reducing the solid waste emission of fuel slag, avoiding the emission of waste gas and harmful substances (such as dioxin) which are not combusted fully, and avoiding the secondary pollution of the environment.
3. The invention firstly proposes that the silicon carbide ceramic is used as a base material to replace a metal casting to manufacture the fire grate, and the density of the prepared silicon carbide ceramic fire grate is 2.70-3.10 g-cm～3Far lower than the density (6.6-8.0 g-cm) of the metal casting fire grate～3) The energy consumption in the transmission and service process of the fire grate can be effectively reduced, and the cost is reduced.
4. The invention firstly proposes to adopt the additive manufacturing technology to process and manufacture the grate body. The additive manufacturing technology can directly print and form ceramic part blanks with complex design and special shapes, realizes the integrated manufacture of parts from three-dimensional space, can save a plurality of complex procedures such as die manufacture, ceramic machining and the like, shortens the manufacturing period and reduces the material development and manufacturing cost. Therefore, the additive manufacturing technology is adopted to manufacture the grate body, so that the defects of long manufacturing period and high cost of a complex metal casting grate are overcome.
5. The components and the raw material formula of the silicon carbide ceramic grate have the advantages that the high-temperature resistance of the grate can be improved, the high-temperature mechanical property of the grate can be improved, the density of the ceramic grate can be improved, the specific gravity of the ceramic grate can be reduced, and the density, the strength, the formability and the processability of a silicon carbide ceramic grate blank body can be ensured.
6. The preparation method of the silicon carbide ceramic grate has the advantages of simple steps, simple operation, adoption of an additive manufacturing technology, realization of what you see is what you get, high manufacturing speed and easy standardized mass production.
7. The materials such as the binder, the curing agent, the auxiliary agent and the like adopted by the invention belong to commercial raw materials, are universal and easy to obtain, can ensure lower cost, and is beneficial to the preparation and performance improvement of the ceramic grate.
8. The carbon source adopted by the invention can effectively reduce the specific gravity of the fire grate and improve the toughness of the fire grate while ensuring the performance of the silicon carbide ceramic fire grate.
9. The silicon carbide powder adopted by the invention has the particle size, so that the density of the fire grate and the strength of the fire grate blank can be fully improved.
In a word, the silicon carbide ceramic grate disclosed by the invention has the advantages of excellent overall performance, long service life, good comprehensive economic benefit and huge application prospect. Meanwhile, the invention discloses a specific preparation method of the silicon carbide ceramic grate, which is a simple, convenient and efficient preparation method, can prepare the high-performance silicon carbide ceramic grate, is suitable for industrial production and has wide development space.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
in order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, specific examples are set forth below. All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. These examples are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
(1) designing a fire grate according to actual requirements, drawing an engineering drawing, and constructing a three-dimensional model by adopting computer assistance;
(2) weighing 72 parts of silicon carbide powder with the average particle size of about 5 mu m, 2 parts of novolac epoxy resin, 5 parts of polyurethane, 1 part of acid curing agent, 2 parts of water-soluble sol, 1 part of defoaming agent, 2 parts of photoinitiator, 1 part of photosensitizer, 1 part of diluent, 1 part of sintering aid and 12 parts of solvent, and putting the weighed raw materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed to obtain a slurry-shaped silicon carbide ceramic grate raw material;
(3) inputting the designed and constructed grate three-dimensional model into slurry stereolithography 3D printing equipment, loading the uniformly mixed slurry-shaped silicon carbide ceramic grate raw material into an equipment hopper, and preparing a blank of the silicon carbide ceramic grate by adopting slurry stereolithography 3D printing;
(4) cleaning a silicon carbide ceramic grate blank, transferring the silicon carbide ceramic grate blank into an oven, and baking the silicon carbide ceramic grate blank for 3 hours at the temperature rising speed of 1 ℃/min to 150 ℃; transferring the baked blank into a pre-sintering furnace, keeping the temperature for 1h at the temperature rising speed of 10 ℃/min to 550 ℃ under the Ar atmosphere, and keeping the temperature for 1h at the temperature rising speed of 2 ℃/min to 1000 ℃ to obtain a pre-sintered body;
(5) and (3) placing the presintering body in an Ar atmosphere furnace, heating to 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, heating to 2100 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4h to obtain the silicon carbide ceramic grate.
Example 2:
(1) designing a fire grate according to actual requirements, drawing an engineering drawing, and constructing a three-dimensional model by adopting computer assistance;
(2) weighing 80 parts of silicon carbide powder with the average particle size of about 50 mu m, 6 parts of phenolic resin, 6 parts of epoxy resin, 1 part of amine curing agent, 2 parts of lipid curing agent, 3 parts of graphite carbon source, 1 part of sintering aid and 1 part of solvent, putting the weighed raw materials into a ball mill, uniformly mixing, crushing and sieving to obtain powdery silicon carbide ceramic grate raw materials;
(3) inputting the designed and constructed three-dimensional model of the grate into selective laser sintering technology 3D printing equipment, loading the uniformly mixed powdery silicon carbide ceramic grate raw material into an equipment hopper, and preparing a blank of the silicon carbide ceramic grate by adopting selective laser sintering technology 3D printing;
(4) cleaning a silicon carbide ceramic grate blank, transferring the silicon carbide ceramic grate blank into an oven, keeping the temperature for 1h when the temperature rises to 120 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and then baking for 2h when the temperature rises to 180 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min; transferring the baked green body into a pre-sintering furnace in N2Under the atmosphere, keeping the temperature for 5h from 750 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min to obtain a pre-sintered body;
(5) and (3) placing the pre-sintered body in a vacuum furnace, embedding the pre-sintered body by using metal silicon particles, keeping the temperature for 2h at the temperature rising speed of 10 ℃/min to 1200 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3h at the temperature rising speed of 2 ℃/min to 1530 ℃ to obtain the silicon carbide ceramic grate.
Example 3:
(1) designing a fire grate according to actual requirements, drawing an engineering drawing, and constructing a three-dimensional model by adopting computer assistance;
(2) weighing 18 parts of silicon carbide powder with the average particle size of about 0.5 mu m, 25 parts of silicon carbide powder with the average particle size of about 20 mu m, 30 parts of silicon carbide powder with the average particle size of about 200 mu m, 8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 3 parts of furan resin, 2 parts of amine curing agent, 1 part of polysaccharide, 1 part of defoaming agent, 1 part of sintering aid, 1 part of diluent and 10 parts of solvent, and putting the weighed raw materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed to obtain a slurry-shaped silicon carbide ceramic grate raw material;
(3) inputting the designed and constructed three-dimensional model of the fire grate into slurry extrusion technology 3D printing equipment, loading the uniformly mixed slurry-shaped silicon carbide ceramic fire grate raw material into an equipment hopper, and preparing a blank of the silicon carbide ceramic fire grate by adopting slurry extrusion technology 3D printing;
(4) cleaning a silicon carbide ceramic grate blank, transferring the silicon carbide ceramic grate blank into an oven, and baking the silicon carbide ceramic grate blank for 5 hours at a heating speed of 2 ℃/min to 135 ℃; transferring the baked blank into a pre-sintering furnace, keeping the temperature for 2h at the temperature rising speed of 5 ℃/min to 500 ℃ in a vacuum environment, and keeping the temperature for 3h at the temperature rising speed of 1 ℃/min to 860 ℃ to obtain a pre-sintered body;
(5) and placing the pre-sintered body in a vacuum furnace, loading 50MPa pressure, heating to 1800 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2 hours to obtain the silicon carbide ceramic grate.
Example 4:
(1) designing a fire grate according to actual requirements, drawing an engineering drawing, and constructing a three-dimensional model by adopting computer assistance;
(2) weighing 23 parts of silicon carbide powder with the average particle size of about 1 mu m, 46 parts of silicon carbide powder with the average particle size of about 80 mu m, 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 6 parts of urea-formaldehyde resin, 3 parts of anhydride curing agent, 1 part of defoaming agent, 1 part of sintering aid, 1 part of dispersing agent, 1 part of diluting agent and 13 parts of solvent, putting the weighed raw materials into a stirrer, uniformly mixing, and performing spray granulation to obtain powdery silicon carbide ceramic grate raw materials;
(3) inputting the designed and constructed three-dimensional grate model into powder laser curing technology 3D printing equipment, loading the uniformly mixed powdery silicon carbide ceramic grate raw material into an equipment hopper, and preparing a blank of the silicon carbide ceramic grate by adopting powder laser curing technology 3D printing;
(4) cleaning a silicon carbide ceramic grate blank, transferring the silicon carbide ceramic grate blank into an oven, keeping the temperature for 2h at the temperature rising speed of 10 ℃/min to 90 ℃, and then baking for 2h at the temperature rising speed of 4 ℃/min to 200 ℃; transferring the baked blank into a pre-sintering furnace, and preserving heat for 2h at the temperature rising speed of 8 ℃/min to 600 ℃ and then at the temperature rising speed of 0.5 ℃/min to 780 ℃ for 3h under the Ar atmosphere to obtain a pre-sintered body;
(5) and (3) placing the pre-sintered body in an Ar atmosphere furnace, embedding the pre-sintered body by using metal silicon particles, raising the temperature to 1460 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 2 hours to obtain the silicon carbide ceramic grate.
Example 5:
the silicon carbide ceramic grate prepared in example 2 was prepared with a silicon carbide crystalline phase at 84.3 mass percent, a free silicon phase at 15.4 mass percent, a free carbon phase at 0.2 mass percent, and other phases at 0.1 mass percent. The density of the silicon carbide ceramic grate is 3.01 g-cm～3Its relative density is 99.6%, its three-point bending strength is 277MPa, and its elastic modulus is 312GPa, the Vickers hardness Hv0.5 of 2100, and can endure long-term use at the temperature of 1150 ℃.
Claims (10)
1. An additive manufacturing silicon carbide ceramic grate is characterized in that: the grate is made of silicon carbide ceramic or a silicon carbide ceramic composite material, wherein a silicon carbide crystal phase accounts for 70-99% of the mass fraction, a free silicon phase accounts for 0-30% of the mass fraction, a free carbon phase accounts for 0-10% of the mass fraction, and other phases account for 0-2% of the mass fraction; wherein the other phases are oxide, nitride or carbide mixed phases of one or more elements of B, Al and Fe and trace pores.
2. The additive manufactured silicon carbide ceramic grate of claim 1, wherein: the density of the silicon carbide ceramic grate is 2.70-3.10 g-cm～3The relative density is more than or equal to 98 percent, the three-point bending strength is more than or equal to 200MPa, the elastic modulus is more than or equal to 250GPa, the Vickers hardness Hv0.5 is more than or equal to 2000, and the ultimate service temperature is 1600 ℃.
3. A method of making an additive manufactured silicon carbide ceramic grate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) designing the silicon carbide ceramic grate structurally and functionally, drawing an engineering drawing and constructing a three-dimensional model;
(2) preparing silicon carbide ceramic grate raw materials: the mass portion of the silicon carbide powder is 10-95; 1-50 parts of binder; the mass part of the curing agent is 1-5 parts; the mass part of the carbon source is 0-40 parts; 0-10 parts of an auxiliary agent; the mass portion of the solvent is the residual amount, and the raw materials are put into a mixer to be uniformly mixed to obtain mixed slurry or mixed powder;
(3) manufacturing a silicon carbide ceramic grate blank: inputting the grate three-dimensional model designed and constructed in the step (1) into additive manufacturing equipment, loading the grate raw material in the step (2) into a hopper of the additive manufacturing equipment, and manufacturing a blank body of the silicon carbide ceramic grate by adopting one of a three-dimensional printing technology, a slurry extrusion technology, a slurry stereolithography technology, a powder laser curing technology or a selective laser sintering technology;
(4) pretreating a silicon carbide ceramic grate blank: cleaning the silicon carbide ceramic grate blank in the step (3), and pretreating the silicon carbide ceramic grate blank by adopting a baking process and a pre-sintering process to obtain a pre-sintered body;
(5) final firing of the silicon carbide ceramic grate: and (5) placing the pre-sintered body in the step (4) in a vacuum furnace or an atmosphere furnace, and performing high-temperature sintering treatment to obtain the silicon carbide ceramic grate.
4. The method of making an additive manufactured silicon carbide ceramic grate of claim 3, wherein:
the binder in the step (2) is one or a combination of more of epoxy resin, phenolic resin, novolac epoxy resin, furan resin, urea resin, polyurethane, polythiol, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate or polyvinyl butyral;
the curing agent in the step (2) is one or more of water-soluble sol, acid, amine, acid anhydride or ester curing agent;
the carbon source in the step (2) is one or a combination of graphite, amorphous carbon, fiber and polysaccharide;
the auxiliary agent in the step (2) is one or a combination of more of a sintering auxiliary agent, a defoaming agent, a dispersing agent, a photoinitiator, a photosensitizer and a diluent;
the solvent in the step (2) is one or more of water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, glycol, xylene, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether.
5. The method of making an additive manufactured silicon carbide ceramic grate of claim 3, wherein: the silicon carbide powder is silicon carbide ceramic particles with the particle size range of 0.1-300 mu m.
6. The method of making an additive manufactured silicon carbide ceramic grate of claim 3, wherein: and (4) transferring the blank body of the silicon carbide ceramic grate in the step (3) into an oven, heating to 90-250 ℃ at a heating speed of 0.5-10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 0.5-5 h.
7. The method of making an additive manufactured silicon carbide ceramic grate of claim 3, wherein: the pre-sintering process in the step (4) is to transfer the baked blank of the silicon carbide ceramic grate into a pre-sintering furnace in Ar atmosphere or N2Heating to 700-1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-10 ℃/min under the atmosphere or vacuum environment, and preserving heat for 0.5-5 h.
8. The method for preparing the silicon carbide ceramic grate according to the claim 3, wherein the high-temperature sintering treatment in the step (5) is atmospheric sintering, and the atmospheric sintering is that the pre-sintered body of the silicon carbide ceramic grate is placed in Ar atmosphere and N is used for sintering under normal pressure2In the atmosphere or vacuum environment, the temperature is raised to 1800-2100 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 0.5-10 ℃/min, and the temperature is preserved for 1-10 h.
9. The method of making an additive manufactured silicon carbide ceramic grate of claim 3, wherein: the high-temperature sintering treatment in the step (5) is reaction sintering, wherein the reaction sintering is to embed the silicon carbide ceramic grate preburning body with metal silicon particles, place the embedded metal silicon particles in Ar atmosphere, and place N2Heating to 1300-1800 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-10 ℃/min in the atmosphere or in a vacuum environment, and preserving heat for 0.5-5 h.
10. The method of making an additive manufactured silicon carbide ceramic grate of claim 3, wherein: the high-temperature sintering treatment in the step (5) is hot-pressing sintering, and the hot-pressing sintering is to load 5-60 MPa pressure on a pre-sintered body of the silicon carbide ceramic grate, place the pre-sintered body in an Ar atmosphere and perform N2Heating to 1700-2000 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-10 ℃/min in the atmosphere or in a vacuum environment, and preserving heat for 0.5-3 h.
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